Flowers of the five species from the four sections of the genus Gagea (that is, G. lutea , G. pusilla , G. reticulata , G. fragifera , and G. serotina (syn. Lloydia serotina ) were investigated by light microscopy. All investigated species had similar flower organization, vertical zonality of the gynoecium, and floral vascularization. In all species, the flowers were trimerous, with the superior ovary and short complete or semicomplete syntepalous zone at the base. The presence of the syntepalous zone allows consideration of such flowers as an intermediate between hypogynous and perigynous. All investigated species had nectaries at the base of the tepals. However, in Gagea s. str., they were represented by relatively small nectariferous areas of the tepals located at the beginning of the synascidiate zone of the gynoecium. In contrast, the nectaries in G. serotina were represented by elongated tepalar outgrowths located higher, at the level of the fertile symplicate zone of the gynoecium. Considering reports on the potential peltate origin of the nectaries in G. serotina , it is probably incorrect to interpret them as homologous to the nectaries in Gagea s. str. The gynoecium in the studied species demonstrated identical vertical zonality with synascidiate, symplicate, and asymptomatic zones, and corresponded to type C of the syncarpous gynoecium. At the base of the ovary, three carpels were congenitally isolated (primary synascidiate zone); however, they were isolated only postgenitally (secondary synascidiate zone). This secondary synascidiate zone originated from a symplicate zone due to the fusion of the carpelar margins. Although it looks like a synascidiate zone, for correct interpretation of the gynoecium’s vertical structure, it should be considered symplicate. The vascularization of the flower in all investigated species was similar, with the participation of lateral vascular bundles in the supply of placentas.
{"title":"Comparative Floral Morphology and Anatomy of Gagea s. str. and Lloydia","authors":"A. Novikov","doi":"10.5586/aa.7412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.7412","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Flowers of the five species from the four sections of the genus\u0000 Gagea\u0000 (that is,\u0000 G. lutea\u0000 ,\u0000 G. pusilla\u0000 ,\u0000 G. reticulata\u0000 ,\u0000 G. fragifera\u0000 , and\u0000 G. serotina\u0000 (syn.\u0000 Lloydia serotina\u0000 ) were investigated by light microscopy. All investigated species had similar flower organization, vertical zonality of the gynoecium, and floral vascularization. In all species, the flowers were trimerous, with the superior ovary and short complete or semicomplete syntepalous zone at the base. The presence of the syntepalous zone allows consideration of such flowers as an intermediate between hypogynous and perigynous.\u0000 All investigated species had nectaries at the base of the tepals. However, in\u0000 Gagea\u0000 s. str., they were represented by relatively small nectariferous areas of the tepals located at the beginning of the synascidiate zone of the gynoecium. In contrast, the nectaries in\u0000 G. serotina\u0000 were represented by elongated tepalar outgrowths located higher, at the level of the fertile symplicate zone of the gynoecium. Considering reports on the potential peltate origin of the nectaries in\u0000 G. serotina\u0000 , it is probably incorrect to interpret them as homologous to the nectaries in\u0000 Gagea\u0000 s. str.\u0000 The gynoecium in the studied species demonstrated identical vertical zonality with synascidiate, symplicate, and asymptomatic zones, and corresponded to type C of the syncarpous gynoecium. At the base of the ovary, three carpels were congenitally isolated (primary synascidiate zone); however, they were isolated only postgenitally (secondary synascidiate zone). This secondary synascidiate zone originated from a symplicate zone due to the fusion of the carpelar margins. Although it looks like a synascidiate zone, for correct interpretation of the gynoecium’s vertical structure, it should be considered symplicate.\u0000 The vascularization of the flower in all investigated species was similar, with the participation of lateral vascular bundles in the supply of placentas.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42608314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado, Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori, N. C. Vilca-Valqui, Eyner Huaman-Huaman, M. Oliva
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of five wild accessions of blueberry (HCHA-262, HCHA-271, HCHA-283, HCHA-286, and HCHA-290) obtained from natural populations in the province of Chachapoyas (northern Peru). Buds were collected from the middle third of the plant and treated with IBA at concentrations of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mg L −1 . The results indicated that of the IBA doses, the 2,000-mg L −1 dose achieved the best effects on the rooting percentage and the lengths and numbers of roots and shoots of each accession studied. Accessions HCHA-262 and HCHA-283 showed greater regeneration of new seedlings than the other accessions after 45 days. The rhizogenic capacity of the cuttings varied because of the influences of both the IBA concentration and the genotype of the mother plant.
{"title":"Rooting of Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Cuttings From the Peruvian Northeast","authors":"José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado, Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori, N. C. Vilca-Valqui, Eyner Huaman-Huaman, M. Oliva","doi":"10.5586/aa.7413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.7413","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of five wild accessions of blueberry (HCHA-262, HCHA-271, HCHA-283, HCHA-286, and HCHA-290) obtained from natural populations in the province of Chachapoyas (northern Peru). Buds were collected from the middle third of the plant and treated with IBA at concentrations of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mg L\u0000 −1\u0000 . The results indicated that of the IBA doses, the 2,000-mg L\u0000 −1\u0000 dose achieved the best effects on the rooting percentage and the lengths and numbers of roots and shoots of each accession studied. Accessions HCHA-262 and HCHA-283 showed greater regeneration of new seedlings than the other accessions after 45 days. The rhizogenic capacity of the cuttings varied because of the influences of both the IBA concentration and the genotype of the mother plant.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43641220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Tareq, Md. Abul Fazal Mollah, Md. Saiful Alam Sarker, K. Bashar, Md. Delwar Hossain Sarker, M. Moniruzzaman, S. Islam, Md. Zahid Al Rafiq, Md Abu Sadat
The genus Hibiscus has more than 300 globally distributed species. This plant is well known for its bast fiber biogenesis, while its nutritional and medicinal values are largely ignored. Consequently, the nutritional properties of the Roselle variety, BJRI mesta-2, are unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze the nutritional composition of our selected Roselle tissues to support the nutritional requirements for humans in early summer in Bangladesh. Leaves were found to be a good source of calcium (2.7%), magnesium (1.6%), ash (7.34%), vitamin A (165.9%), and vitamin C (94.88%), whereas calyx was the potential source of potassium (1.9%), iron (422%), manganese (126%), and moisture (87.45%). Roselle seeds also have edible oil-producing capabilities, along with their nutritional properties. Our results indicate that BJRI mesta-2 can be an additional source of leafy vegetables, along with its herbal tea and edible oil contents.
{"title":"Nutritive Value of BJRI Mesta-2 (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaves","authors":"Md. Tareq, Md. Abul Fazal Mollah, Md. Saiful Alam Sarker, K. Bashar, Md. Delwar Hossain Sarker, M. Moniruzzaman, S. Islam, Md. Zahid Al Rafiq, Md Abu Sadat","doi":"10.5586/AA.749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.749","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The genus\u0000 Hibiscus\u0000 has more than 300 globally distributed species. This plant is well known for its bast fiber biogenesis, while its nutritional and medicinal values are largely ignored. Consequently, the nutritional properties of the Roselle variety, BJRI mesta-2, are unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze the nutritional composition of our selected Roselle tissues to support the nutritional requirements for humans in early summer in Bangladesh. Leaves were found to be a good source of calcium (2.7%), magnesium (1.6%), ash (7.34%), vitamin A (165.9%), and vitamin C (94.88%), whereas calyx was the potential source of potassium (1.9%), iron (422%), manganese (126%), and moisture (87.45%). Roselle seeds also have edible oil-producing capabilities, along with their nutritional properties. Our results indicate that BJRI mesta-2 can be an additional source of leafy vegetables, along with its herbal tea and edible oil contents.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43749119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, conducted at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, we sought to determine the communities of weed species and their temporal occurrence in a young apple orchard mulched with spent mushroom compost or Miscanthus straw applied to tree rows. A herbicide fallow treatment was used as a control. During the first year of application, both organic mulches protected against the germination of weed seeds stored within the soil. In subsequent years, however, annual weeds occurred in the mulched tree rows, the most aggressive of which was Chenopodium album L. Annual increases in population densities were noted over the 4 subsequent years of research, particularly in the rows receiving spent mushroom compost. Perennial species in the family Poaceae and genus Malva were present in soil receiving both organic mulches. Trifolium repens L. was the perennial weed most often noted in the Miscanthus mulch, whereas Taraxacum officinale Web. was more characteristic of the spent mushroom compost. Commencing from the spring of the third year following apple tree planting, weed infestation associated with the spent mushroom compost was similar to that observed in the herbicide fallow, thus necessitating three annual applications of herbicide to further maintain the orchard. The insufficient weed suppression obtained with this mulch precludes its recommendation as an effective weed management system. Although Miscanthus straw provided extended tree row protection from weed infestation, herbicide intervention was also required. Notably, however, despite the fact that Miscanthus straw provided conditions more favorable to tree growth, apple tree yields and fruit quality tended to be similar under the three investigated orchard soil management systems.
在波兰Wrocław环境与生命科学大学研究站进行的这项研究中，我们试图确定在一个年轻的苹果园中，杂草物种的群落及其时间发生，这些苹果园用废蘑菇堆肥或禾草秸秆覆盖在树行上。采用除草剂休耕作为对照。在施用的第一年，两种有机地膜都能防止储存在土壤中的杂草种子发芽。然而，在随后的几年里，在覆盖的树行中出现了一年生杂草，其中最具侵略性的是Chenopodium album L.在随后的4年研究中发现，种群密度逐年增加，特别是在使用废蘑菇堆肥的行中。两种有机覆盖土壤中均存在禾本科和麦芽菜属多年生植物。三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)以多年生杂草为主，蒲公英(Taraxacum officinale)次之。用过的蘑菇堆肥更有特点。从苹果树种植后的第三年春天开始，与废蘑菇堆肥相关的杂草侵扰与除草剂休耕中观察到的相似，因此需要每年施用三次除草剂来进一步维护果园。这种地膜对杂草的抑制作用不足，因此不适合作为一种有效的杂草管理系统。虽然芒草秸秆提供了延长的树行保护免受杂草侵害，除草剂干预也是必需的。然而，值得注意的是，尽管芒草秸秆提供了更有利的生长条件，但在三种果园土壤管理制度下，苹果树的产量和果实品质趋于相似。
{"title":"Weed Occurrence in a Young Apple Orchard Mulched With Two Different Organic Materials","authors":"M. Licznar-Małańczuk, L. Slobodianyk","doi":"10.5586/AA.745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.745","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, conducted at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, we sought to determine the communities of weed species and their temporal occurrence in a young apple orchard mulched with spent mushroom compost or\u0000 Miscanthus\u0000 straw applied to tree rows. A herbicide fallow treatment was used as a control. During the first year of application, both organic mulches protected against the germination of weed seeds stored within the soil. In subsequent years, however, annual weeds occurred in the mulched tree rows, the most aggressive of which was\u0000 Chenopodium album\u0000 L. Annual increases in population densities were noted over the 4 subsequent years of research, particularly in the rows receiving spent mushroom compost. Perennial species in the family Poaceae and genus\u0000 Malva\u0000 were present in soil receiving both organic mulches.\u0000 Trifolium repens\u0000 L. was the perennial weed most often noted in the\u0000 Miscanthus\u0000 mulch, whereas\u0000 Taraxacum officinale\u0000 Web. was more characteristic of the spent mushroom compost. Commencing from the spring of the third year following apple tree planting, weed infestation associated with the spent mushroom compost was similar to that observed in the herbicide fallow, thus necessitating three annual applications of herbicide to further maintain the orchard. The insufficient weed suppression obtained with this mulch precludes its recommendation as an effective weed management system. Although\u0000 Miscanthus\u0000 straw provided extended tree row protection from weed infestation, herbicide intervention was also required. Notably, however, despite the fact that\u0000 Miscanthus\u0000 straw provided conditions more favorable to tree growth, apple tree yields and fruit quality tended to be similar under the three investigated orchard soil management systems.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The attractiveness of plants to pollinators depends strongly on flower rewards, especially nectar and pollen. Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and sugar mass are known to influence the spectrum and abundance of insect visitors. Respective data on nectar secretion in highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) under the climatic conditions of Poland are scarce. This study was conducted in 2002–2005 to assess flower abundance, nectar production, and insect visitors in six varieties of V. corymbosum in Niemce, SE Poland. Flower abundance ranged from 1.63 ± 0.64 (‘Darrow’) to 4.07 ± 0.95 in thousands of flowers per shrub (‘Northland’). Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and nectar sugar mass increased with flower age, peaking between the sixth and ninth day. Significant differences in nectar characteristics occurred between years and between varieties. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Darrow’ produced the largest nectar mass (19.08 ± 7.09 and 16.60 ± 8.31 mg nectar per flower, respectively) and nectar sugar mass per flower (6.39 ± 1.52 and 5.76 ± 1.51 mg sugar per flower, respectively). The estimated sugar yield in the studied V. corymbosum varieties ranged from 9.4 ± 3.3 to 20.7 ± 3.8 g sugar per shrub (‘Croatan’ and ‘Bluecrop,’ respectively). Regarding insect visitors, only honey bees and bumble bees were observed. Honey bees comprised 81%–98% of the total number of observed insect visitors. Highbush blueberry, due to abundant blooming and high per-flower sugar yield, is thus a good source of nectar sugars for honey bees.
{"title":"Nectar Production and Spectrum of Insect Visitors in Six Varieties of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in SE Poland","authors":"M. Bożek","doi":"10.5586/aa.7410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.7410","url":null,"abstract":"The attractiveness of plants to pollinators depends strongly on flower rewards, especially nectar and pollen. Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and sugar mass are known to influence the spectrum and abundance of insect visitors. Respective data on nectar secretion in highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) under the climatic conditions of Poland are scarce. This study was conducted in 2002–2005 to assess flower abundance, nectar production, and insect visitors in six varieties of V. corymbosum in Niemce, SE Poland. Flower abundance ranged from 1.63 ± 0.64 (‘Darrow’) to 4.07 ± 0.95 in thousands of flowers per shrub (‘Northland’). Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and nectar sugar mass increased with flower age, peaking between the sixth and ninth day. Significant differences in nectar characteristics occurred between years and between varieties. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Darrow’ produced the largest nectar mass (19.08 ± 7.09 and 16.60 ± 8.31 mg nectar per flower, respectively) and nectar sugar mass per flower (6.39 ± 1.52 and 5.76 ± 1.51 mg sugar per flower, respectively). The estimated sugar yield in the studied V. corymbosum varieties ranged from 9.4 ± 3.3 to 20.7 ± 3.8 g sugar per shrub (‘Croatan’ and ‘Bluecrop,’ respectively). Regarding insect visitors, only honey bees and bumble bees were observed. Honey bees comprised 81%–98% of the total number of observed insect visitors. Highbush blueberry, due to abundant blooming and high per-flower sugar yield, is thus a good source of nectar sugars for honey bees.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70899620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In barley breeding programs, information about genetic dissimilarity and population structure is very important for genetic diversity conservation and new cultivar development. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation in Tunisian barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare L.) based on simple sequence repeat (SSR). A total of 89 alleles were detected at 26 SSR loci. The allele number per locus ranged from two to five, with an average of 3.4 alleles per locus detected from 32 barley accessions, and the average value of polymorphic information content was 0.45. A cluster analysis based on genetic similarity was performed, and the 32 barley resources were classified into five groups. Principal coordinates (PCoA) explained 12.5% and 9.3% of the total variation, and the PCoA was largely consistent with the results of cluster separation of STRUCTURE software analysis. The analysis of genetic diversity in barley collection will facilitate cultivar development and effective use of genetic resources.
{"title":"Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tunisian Barley Accessions (Hordeum vulgare L.) Using SSR Markers","authors":"Salem Marzougui, M. Kharrat, Mongi ben Younes","doi":"10.5586/aa.7343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.7343","url":null,"abstract":"In barley breeding programs, information about genetic dissimilarity and population structure is very important for genetic diversity conservation and new cultivar development. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation in Tunisian barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare L.) based on simple sequence repeat (SSR). A total of 89 alleles were detected at 26 SSR loci. The allele number per locus ranged from two to five, with an average of 3.4 alleles per locus detected from 32 barley accessions, and the average value of polymorphic information content was 0.45. A cluster analysis based on genetic similarity was performed, and the 32 barley resources were classified into five groups. Principal coordinates (PCoA) explained 12.5% and 9.3% of the total variation, and the PCoA was largely consistent with the results of cluster separation of STRUCTURE software analysis. The analysis of genetic diversity in barley collection will facilitate cultivar development and effective use of genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70899455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etty Safriyani, M. Hasmeda, M. Munandar, F. Sulaiman, Holidi Holidi
The application of integrated agriculture is an effort to reduce dependence up on agrochemicals and increase the absorption of nutrients, especially nitrogen, to increase plant growth and production. Azolla is an algae that can provide nitrogen for rice, while ducks can increase the availability of N, P, and K, as well as the efficiency of nitrogen use. This research aimed to evaluate the role of ducks and Azolla in increasing the growth and production of rice plants. This research was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019 using an experimental method with a nonfactorial randomized block design. The combinations of nitrogen fertilizers, Azolla, and ducks (K) were as follows: K1 = 115 kg N ha−1, without ducks, without Azolla; K2 = 86 kg N ha−1, without ducks, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; K3 = 86 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; K4 = 58 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; K5 = 29 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; and K6 = without N fertilizer, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1. The results showed that the application of 58 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, and 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1 (K4) was able to decrease the N fertilizer application by 50% and increase the rice growth and yield by 12.17% and 20.32%, respectively. Therefore, the integrated application of rice–duck–Azolla would support sustainable agriculture.
综合农业的应用是为了减少对农用化学品的依赖，增加营养物质，特别是氮的吸收，以增加植物的生长和产量。亚速藻是一种可以为水稻提供氮的藻类，而鸭子可以增加氮、磷和钾的可用性，以及氮的利用效率。本研究旨在评估鸭子和紫苏在提高水稻生长和产量方面的作用。这项研究于2018年10月至2019年2月进行，采用非因子随机区组设计的实验方法。氮、氮和鸭（K）的组合如下：K1=115 kg N ha−1，无鸭，无氮；K2=86 kg N ha−1，不含鸭子，1000 kg Azolla ha−1；K3=86 kg N ha−1，3000只鸭子ha−1、1000 kg Azolla ha−1；K4=58 kg N ha−1，3000只鸭子ha−1、1000 kg Azolla ha−1；K5=29 kg N ha−1，3000只鸭子ha−1、1000 kg Azolla ha−1；K6=不施氮肥，3000只鸭ha−1，1000 kg亚速拉ha−1。结果表明，施用58 kg N ha−1、3000只鸭ha−1和1000 kg Azolla ha−1（K4）可使氮肥施用量减少50%，使水稻生长发育和产量分别提高12.17%和20.32%。因此，稻-鸭-亚速拉的综合应用将支持可持续农业。
{"title":"Increasing the Growth and Production of Irrigated Rice Through the Integrated Application of Rice–Duck–Azolla","authors":"Etty Safriyani, M. Hasmeda, M. Munandar, F. Sulaiman, Holidi Holidi","doi":"10.5586/aa.7322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.7322","url":null,"abstract":"The application of integrated agriculture is an effort to reduce dependence up on agrochemicals and increase the absorption of nutrients, especially nitrogen, to increase plant growth and production. <em>Azolla </em>is an algae that can provide nitrogen for rice, while ducks can increase the availability of N, P, and K, as well as the efficiency of nitrogen use. This research aimed to evaluate the role of ducks and <em>Azolla </em>in increasing the growth and production of rice plants. This research was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019 using an experimental method with a nonfactorial randomized block design. The combinations of nitrogen fertilizers, <em>Azolla</em>, and ducks (K) were as follows: K1 = 115 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, without ducks, without <em>Azolla</em>; K2 = 86 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, without ducks, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; K3 = 86 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; K4 = 58 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; K5 = 29 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; and K6 = without N fertilizer, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>. The results showed that the application of 58 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, and 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup> (K4) was able to decrease the N fertilizer application by 50% and increase the rice growth and yield by 12.17% and 20.32%, respectively. Therefore, the integrated application of rice–duck–<em>Azolla </em>would support sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49273515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. García-Cruzatty, Luis Vera-Pinargote, Freddy Zambrano-Gavilanes, Andrés Zamora-Macías, John Cedeño-Ortega
Cocoa is a primary source of economic income in the agricultural and agroindustrial sectors of Ecuador. However, cocoa crops are vulnerable to meteorological conditions that affect reproduction processes, including pollen production, which has encouraged the study of factors related to low crop yields and practical implications in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess the pollen production per flower in 11 genotypes of Theobroma cacao national type and CCN-51 clone. The number of pollen grains per flower was estimated by collecting 10 flower buds from each genotype for 12 consecutive months and directly counting pollen grains using an optical microscope and a Neubauer chamber. An average of 32,611 pollen grains per flower was estimated, with the largest amount of pollen (44,000) produced by the CCN-51 genotype. There was a moderate positive correlation between the environmental variables and pollen production (temperature, r = 0.33; p = 0.028; precipitation, r = 0.43; p = 0.0025). Since pollen production is an important indicator used for the selection of promising genotypes, the genotypes identified with the highest pollen production should be used in breeding programs.
{"title":"Pollen Production in Theobroma cacao L. Genotypes National Type and CCN-51 and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors on the Ecuadorian Coast","authors":"L. García-Cruzatty, Luis Vera-Pinargote, Freddy Zambrano-Gavilanes, Andrés Zamora-Macías, John Cedeño-Ortega","doi":"10.5586/aa.7323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.7323","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa is a primary source of economic income in the agricultural and agroindustrial sectors of Ecuador. However, cocoa crops are vulnerable to meteorological conditions that affect reproduction processes, including pollen production, which has encouraged the study of factors related to low crop yields and practical implications in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess the pollen production per flower in 11 genotypes of Theobroma cacao national type and CCN-51 clone. The number of pollen grains per flower was estimated by collecting 10 flower buds from each genotype for 12 consecutive months and directly counting pollen grains using an optical microscope and a Neubauer chamber. An average of 32,611 pollen grains per flower was estimated, with the largest amount of pollen (44,000) produced by the CCN-51 genotype. There was a moderate positive correlation between the environmental variables and pollen production (temperature, r = 0.33; p = 0.028; precipitation, r = 0.43; p = 0.0025). Since pollen production is an important indicator used for the selection of promising genotypes, the genotypes identified with the highest pollen production should be used in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48964810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Zamani, M. Arvin, A. A. Jahromi, V. Abdossi, A. Torkashvand
Soil and water salinities have become a major problem for agricultural activities as they can negatively affect crop yield in different ways. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium silicate (Si) on the content of selected mineral elements in the leaves of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under salinity stress. A fully randomized block experimental design was used with three factors, including three levels of salinity (0, 4, and 6 dS m−1), Si (0, 4, and 8 mM), and MeJA (0, 5, and 7.5 µM). Main plots were allocated to the three levels of salinity and the subplots were devoted to MeJA and Si levels. An increase in MeJA concentration was related to an 8.5% increase in leaf P content. When MeJA was applied at high salinity levels, the Na, Ca, and Mn concentrations decreased, but Fe increased. The application of 8 mM Si reduced the concentration of Cl by 50% at a salinity level of 4 dS m−1 in plants not treated with MeJA. The triple interaction of the factors was significant for K, Mg, and Cl (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the treatments used did induce significant differences in leaf Zn and N concentrations. The results indicate that MeJA and Si can partially mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity stress and contribute to an increased uptake of nutrients under saline conditions.
土壤和水的盐度已成为农业活动的一个主要问题，因为它们会以不同的方式对作物产量产生负面影响。本研究旨在研究茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）和硅酸钠（Si）在盐度胁迫下对番茄叶片中所选矿物元素含量的影响。使用了三个因素的完全随机分组实验设计，包括三个盐度水平（0、4和6dS m−1）、Si（0、5和8mM）和MeJA（0、7和7.5µm）。主地块分配给三个盐度水平，子地块专门用于MeJA和Si水平。MeJA浓度的增加与叶片磷含量增加8.5%有关。当在高盐度水平下施用MeJA时，Na、Ca和Mn的浓度降低，但Fe的浓度增加。在未经MeJA处理的植物中，在4 dS m−1的盐度水平下，施用8 mM Si可将Cl浓度降低50%。K、Mg和Cl的三重交互作用显著（p<0.01）。此外，所用处理确实引起了叶片Zn和N浓度的显著差异。结果表明，MeJA和Si可以部分减轻盐度胁迫的不利影响，并有助于在盐水条件下增加营养物质的吸收。
{"title":"The effect of methyl jasmonate and sodium silicate on the mineral composition of Solanum lycopersicum L. grown under salinity stress","authors":"H. Zamani, M. Arvin, A. A. Jahromi, V. Abdossi, A. Torkashvand","doi":"10.5586/aa.1782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1782","url":null,"abstract":"Soil and water salinities have become a major problem for agricultural activities as they can negatively affect crop yield in different ways. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium silicate (Si) on the content of selected mineral elements in the leaves of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under salinity stress. A fully randomized block experimental design was used with three factors, including three levels of salinity (0, 4, and 6 dS m−1), Si (0, 4, and 8 mM), and MeJA (0, 5, and 7.5 µM). Main plots were allocated to the three levels of salinity and the subplots were devoted to MeJA and Si levels. An increase in MeJA concentration was related to an 8.5% increase in leaf P content. When MeJA was applied at high salinity levels, the Na, Ca, and Mn concentrations decreased, but Fe increased. The application of 8 mM Si reduced the concentration of Cl by 50% at a salinity level of 4 dS m−1 in plants not treated with MeJA. The triple interaction of the factors was significant for K, Mg, and Cl (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the treatments used did induce significant differences in leaf Zn and N concentrations. The results indicate that MeJA and Si can partially mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity stress and contribute to an increased uptake of nutrients under saline conditions.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42579933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historical urban parks are particularly valuable in terms of their ecology, as they offer habitats to many valuable flora and fauna. A study was conducted in Felin Manor Park, Lublin, southeastern Poland, dating back to the end of the nineteenth and the first half of twentieth century. The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of this type of urban park for the proecological design of urban green areas that will comply with the legal requirements for historic gardens. The investigation demonstrate that long-living native tree species (e.g., Tilia cordata, Quercus robur, and Fraxinus excelsior) are the best preserved plants in this park. The dendroflora of the park is, however, characterized by a great variety of species flowering between early spring and fall. These reward species ensure continuity of the food base for insects throughout the vegetation season. A floristic inventory facilitated development of a concept for the restoration of the park combining cultural (historical, educational) and ecological functions. Tilia cordata was used for line planting arrangements along the park boundary. It is a component of the alley design along the driveway and is one of the most valuable nectar reward species. The survey allowed the definition of future design guidelines, i.e., the preservation of the historical park structures (formed by long-living native species) and complementation of the park dendroflora with species that are attractive for bees and other insect pollinators. To supplement their food base, it is recommended that a “bee garden” with herbaceous reward plants should be created.
{"title":"Historical gardens and their potential use for proecological development of urban green space, as illustrated by Felin Manor Park in Lublin, Poland","authors":"M. Milecka, N. Kot, Seweryn Malawski","doi":"10.5586/aa.1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1780","url":null,"abstract":"Historical urban parks are particularly valuable in terms of their ecology, as they offer habitats to many valuable flora and fauna. A study was conducted in Felin Manor Park, Lublin, southeastern Poland, dating back to the end of the nineteenth and the first half of twentieth century. The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of this type of urban park for the proecological design of urban green areas that will comply with the legal requirements for historic gardens. The investigation demonstrate that long-living native tree species (e.g., Tilia cordata, Quercus robur, and Fraxinus excelsior) are the best preserved plants in this park. The dendroflora of the park is, however, characterized by a great variety of species flowering between early spring and fall. These reward species ensure continuity of the food base for insects throughout the vegetation season. A floristic inventory facilitated development of a concept for the restoration of the park combining cultural (historical, educational) and ecological functions. Tilia cordata was used for line planting arrangements along the park boundary. It is a component of the alley design along the driveway and is one of the most valuable nectar reward species. The survey allowed the definition of future design guidelines, i.e., the preservation of the historical park structures (formed by long-living native species) and complementation of the park dendroflora with species that are attractive for bees and other insect pollinators. To supplement their food base, it is recommended that a “bee garden” with herbaceous reward plants should be created.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46539968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：