Ashiya Akter Sumi, A. Khayer, P. K. Jhan, M. H. Rubel
Black rot in cabbage caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the most common yield-limiting and damaging disease affecting crucifers. The application of chemicals has hazardous effects on the soil and environment. To test bio-based alternatives for chemicals, extracts of 10 medicinal plants (royal poinciana, ivy gourd, sisso, bougainvillea, mint, devil’s cotton, drumstick, false daisy, asthma plant, and mimosa) were tested for their antibacterial effects against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris . The extracts were prepared in distilled water and ethanol at two concentrations, 25% and 50%. The extracts were applied, and a standard antibiotic disk (streptomycin 10 µg/disc) was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities. In the present study, antibacterial screening using the disk diffusion method revealed that both the aqueous and ethanol extracts of seven plant samples: royal poinciana, ivy gourd, sisso, bougainvillea, mint, devil cotton, and drumstick, showed significant activity, while extracts (aqueous and ethanol) of false daisy, asthma plant, and mimosa showed weak inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria. For both aqueous and ethanol extracts, antibacterial effects were higher at 50% concentration.
{"title":"Medicinal Plants as Biocontrol Agents: An In Vitro Study on Black Rot Pathogen of Cabbage (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris)","authors":"Ashiya Akter Sumi, A. Khayer, P. K. Jhan, M. H. Rubel","doi":"10.5586/aa.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.759","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Black rot in cabbage caused by\u0000 Xanthomonas campestris\u0000 pv.\u0000 campestris\u0000 is the most common yield-limiting and damaging disease affecting crucifers. The application of chemicals has hazardous effects on the soil and environment. To test bio-based alternatives for chemicals, extracts of 10 medicinal plants (royal poinciana, ivy gourd, sisso, bougainvillea, mint, devil’s cotton, drumstick, false daisy, asthma plant, and mimosa) were tested for their antibacterial effects against\u0000 Xanthomonas campestris\u0000 pv.\u0000 campestris\u0000 . The extracts were prepared in distilled water and ethanol at two concentrations, 25% and 50%. The extracts were applied, and a standard antibiotic disk (streptomycin 10 µg/disc) was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities. In the present study, antibacterial screening using the disk diffusion method revealed that both the aqueous and ethanol extracts of seven plant samples: royal poinciana, ivy gourd, sisso, bougainvillea, mint, devil cotton, and drumstick, showed significant activity, while extracts (aqueous and ethanol) of false daisy, asthma plant, and mimosa showed weak inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria. For both aqueous and ethanol extracts, antibacterial effects were higher at 50% concentration.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46689850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urszula Barbara Bałuszyńska, M. Rowińska, M. Licznar-Małańczuk
The durability of four grass living mulches, population of annual and perennial weeds, and their biodiversity in tree rows and tractor alleys were evaluated in the first 4 years after cover crop sowing. The experiment was established in a young semi-dwarf apple orchard 1 year after the planting of the tree ‘Chopin’ cv. Soil coverage was satisfactory for the three cover crops: red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass. The sods of the grasses exhibited 100% soil surface cover in the tree rows and drive alleys, starting from 1 year after sowing to the end of the study period. Only the maintenance of the blue fescue resulted in low average soil development. Annual and perennial weed populations were lower in the tree rows than in the drive alleys. It was determined meticulous and manual soil preparation prior to all grass sowing under tree crowns, followed by precise mowing of grasses and nitrogen fertilization in subsequent years. The highest soil surface cover by the total annual taxa was observed immediately after the emergence of the living mulch. Total perennial weed populations increased in the following vegetation seasons. Trifolium repens L. and Taraxacum offcinale (L.) Web. dominated all the grass living mulches evaluated. Only the red fescue sod effectively limited the infestation of perennial weed after 4 years of living mulch maintenance in the tree row. More than half of the annual and perennial weed taxa occurred sporadically in all living mulches. In both the tree rows and tractor alleys, the soil surface cover was not more than 1%, and these species contributed to the increase in orchard biodiversity.
{"title":"Grass Species as Living Mulches – Comparison of Weed Populations and Their Biodiversity in Apple Tree Rows and Tractor Alleys","authors":"Urszula Barbara Bałuszyńska, M. Rowińska, M. Licznar-Małańczuk","doi":"10.5586/aa.758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.758","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The durability of four grass living mulches, population of annual and perennial weeds, and their biodiversity in tree rows and tractor alleys were evaluated in the first 4 years after cover crop sowing. The experiment was established in a young semi-dwarf apple orchard 1 year after the planting of the tree ‘Chopin’ cv. Soil coverage was satisfactory for the three cover crops: red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass. The sods of the grasses exhibited 100% soil surface cover in the tree rows and drive alleys, starting from 1 year after sowing to the end of the study period. Only the maintenance of the blue fescue resulted in low average soil development.\u0000 Annual and perennial weed populations were lower in the tree rows than in the drive alleys. It was determined meticulous and manual soil preparation prior to all grass sowing under tree crowns, followed by precise mowing of grasses and nitrogen fertilization in subsequent years. The highest soil surface cover by the total annual taxa was observed immediately after the emergence of the living mulch. Total perennial weed populations increased in the following vegetation seasons.\u0000 Trifolium repens\u0000 L. and\u0000 Taraxacum offcinale\u0000 (L.) Web. dominated all the grass living mulches evaluated. Only the red fescue sod effectively limited the infestation of perennial weed after 4 years of living mulch maintenance in the tree row. More than half of the annual and perennial weed taxa occurred sporadically in all living mulches. In both the tree rows and tractor alleys, the soil surface cover was not more than 1%, and these species contributed to the increase in orchard biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46476926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adelina Harizanova, L. Koleva-Valkova, A. Vassilev
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the protein hydrolysate Naturamin WSP on the antioxidant defense system and oxidation-related damage of young cucumber plants exposed to chilling stress. Low positive temperatures have a negative effect on plant growth and performance, and besides visible alterations, such as inhibited growth, significant changes occur at the cellular level. Plants grown at low temperature typically suffer from oxidative damage, which leads to increased lipid peroxidation. Moreover, chilling-stressed plants accumulate more proline to protect their cell membranes. The application of biostimulants such as the protein hydrolysate Naturamin WSP can alleviate some of the adverse effects caused by low temperature. Our results indicated an increased activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) in all plants treated with the biostimulant regardless of the temperature of cultivation. The mitigation of damages caused by chilling stress might be explained by an enhanced anti-oxidative defense, as demonstrated by the activity of guaiacol peroxidases and increased proline concentrations in Naturamin WSP-treated plants.
{"title":"Effects of the Protein Hydrolysate Pretreatment on Cucumber Plants Exposed to Chilling Stress","authors":"Adelina Harizanova, L. Koleva-Valkova, A. Vassilev","doi":"10.5586/aa.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.756","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the protein hydrolysate Naturamin WSP on the antioxidant defense system and oxidation-related damage of young cucumber plants exposed to chilling stress. Low positive temperatures have a negative effect on plant growth and performance, and besides visible alterations, such as inhibited growth, significant changes occur at the cellular level. Plants grown at low temperature typically suffer from oxidative damage, which leads to increased lipid peroxidation. Moreover, chilling-stressed plants accumulate more proline to protect their cell membranes. The application of biostimulants such as the protein hydrolysate Naturamin WSP can alleviate some of the adverse effects caused by low temperature. Our results indicated an increased activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) in all plants treated with the biostimulant regardless of the temperature of cultivation. The mitigation of damages caused by chilling stress might be explained by an enhanced anti-oxidative defense, as demonstrated by the activity of guaiacol peroxidases and increased proline concentrations in Naturamin WSP-treated plants.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41922629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present experiments were performed to determine the effects of Zn (20 µM and 200 µM) and Ni (1 µM and 100 µM) on the growth and metabolic activities in the roots, shoots, and spikes of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Gimiza 11 grown under different salinity conditions. In addition to identifying the osmotic tolerance of wheat, the roles of Zn and Ni in alleviating osmotic stress were examined. The root was the organ most sensitive to osmotic stress, whereas the shoot was the most resistant, and the spike was the intermediate. These three organs negatively responded to increasing osmotic stress levels, as fresh and dry matter decreased, and related biochemical parameters were adversely affected. However, fresh and dry matter were generally elevated when plants were supplemented with Zn or Ni under increasing osmotic stress. The sensitivity of roots was associated with depletion in the concentrations of sugars and free proline, whereas soluble protein and amino acid levels were increased. The stress tolerance of shoots and spikes was accompanied by an increase in soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline, while amino acid levels increased in spikes only. The Na + and K + content in wheat plants increased with increasing NaCl-induced osmotic stress levels. In turn, the accumulation and partitioning of Na + and K + did not vary among the three organs, both at different salt concentrations and between Zn or Ni treatments. Moreover, the present results show that the concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and l -ascorbic acid increased under exposure to osmotic stress and did not change significantly under Zn or Ni treatments.
{"title":"Effect of Zinc and Nickel Treatments on Improvement of the Osmotic Defense System of Wheat Plant Under Salinity Stress","authors":"Hamdia M. Abd El-Samad, Rania M. Taha","doi":"10.5586/aa.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.757","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present experiments were performed to determine the effects of Zn (20 µM and 200 µM) and Ni (1 µM and 100 µM) on the growth and metabolic activities in the roots, shoots, and spikes of wheat (\u0000 Triticum aestivum\u0000 L.) cv. Gimiza 11 grown under different salinity conditions. In addition to identifying the osmotic tolerance of wheat, the roles of Zn and Ni in alleviating osmotic stress were examined. The root was the organ most sensitive to osmotic stress, whereas the shoot was the most resistant, and the spike was the intermediate. These three organs negatively responded to increasing osmotic stress levels, as fresh and dry matter decreased, and related biochemical parameters were adversely affected. However, fresh and dry matter were generally elevated when plants were supplemented with Zn or Ni under increasing osmotic stress. The sensitivity of roots was associated with depletion in the concentrations of sugars and free proline, whereas soluble protein and amino acid levels were increased. The stress tolerance of shoots and spikes was accompanied by an increase in soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline, while amino acid levels increased in spikes only. The Na\u0000 +\u0000 and K\u0000 +\u0000 content in wheat plants increased with increasing NaCl-induced osmotic stress levels. In turn, the accumulation and partitioning of Na\u0000 +\u0000 and K\u0000 +\u0000 did not vary among the three organs, both at different salt concentrations and between Zn or Ni treatments. Moreover, the present results show that the concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and\u0000 l\u0000 -ascorbic acid increased under exposure to osmotic stress and did not change significantly under Zn or Ni treatments.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youssef Antoine Abou Obaid, G. Zehirov, Nadya Krasimirova Again-Stoyanova, M. Petrova, Rachelle Haddad, Fadi Sami Karam, N. Shaban, Rumyana Dimova Vassilevska-Ivanova
Saffron ( Crocus sativus L., Iridaceae) is a highly valued species in the food, medicinal, and nutraceutical industries as a coloring, flavoring, and therapeutic agent. Its productivity and flower production vary depending on different factors, including fertilizer treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inorganic (NK) fertilizer combined with organic matter in different plant densities as well as the influence of split foliar fertilizer application on flower yield of saffron. The performance of saffron plants revealed that the combined application of inorganic fertilizer NK and vegetal organic matter (1%) was generally better than the effect of foliar treatment. Treatment with split foliar fertilizers at the recommended optimal concentration prolonged the flowering period of saffron plants.
{"title":"Effects of Inorganic and Foliar Fertilizers on Antioxidant Capacity and Flower Yield of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)","authors":"Youssef Antoine Abou Obaid, G. Zehirov, Nadya Krasimirova Again-Stoyanova, M. Petrova, Rachelle Haddad, Fadi Sami Karam, N. Shaban, Rumyana Dimova Vassilevska-Ivanova","doi":"10.5586/aa.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.754","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Saffron (\u0000 Crocus sativus\u0000 L., Iridaceae) is a highly valued species in the food, medicinal, and nutraceutical industries as a coloring, flavoring, and therapeutic agent. Its productivity and flower production vary depending on different factors, including fertilizer treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inorganic (NK) fertilizer combined with organic matter in different plant densities as well as the influence of split foliar fertilizer application on flower yield of saffron. The performance of saffron plants revealed that the combined application of inorganic fertilizer NK and vegetal organic matter (1%) was generally better than the effect of foliar treatment. Treatment with split foliar fertilizers at the recommended optimal concentration prolonged the flowering period of saffron plants.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47853377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan Arfiani Barus, Abdul Rauf, Rosmayati, C. Hanum
We conducted a comparative study of the effect of vitamin C ( l -ascorbic acid) treatment on the yield of selected rice varieties grown in site-specific saline soil; the study area was Paluh Merbau, which is situated on the east coast of North Sumatra and has a salinity of 5.9 dS/m. Salinity causes osmotic, salt-specific, and oxidative stress, which negatively affects crop yields. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of l -ascorbic acid treatment on the yield parameters of eight varieties of rice grown on saline soil. This study was based on a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the rice variety (Ciherang, IR 64, Lambur, Batanghari, Banyuasin, IR 42, Inpara 10, and Margasari), and the second factor was the concentration of l -ascorbic acid (0, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg/L). The number of empty grains per panicles, grain weight per clump, and number of filled grains per panicles increased as the concentration of l -ascorbic acid increased. l -Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 1,500 mg/L exhibited the best results, and the grain weight of Banyuasin and Batanghari varieties was 33.22 and 30.18 g, respectively; however, there was no significant difference in grain weight between the varieties. Batanghari and Ciherang were the most salt-tolerant genotypes, with a high ability to produce high number of filled grains compared to other varieties. l -Ascorbic acid treatment can promote the yields of rice varieties grown under salinity stress.
{"title":"Comparison of the Yield of Different Rice Varieties Treated with l-Ascorbic Acid on Site-Specific Saline Soil","authors":"Wan Arfiani Barus, Abdul Rauf, Rosmayati, C. Hanum","doi":"10.5586/aa.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.755","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We conducted a comparative study of the effect of vitamin C (\u0000 l\u0000 -ascorbic acid) treatment on the yield of selected rice varieties grown in site-specific saline soil; the study area was Paluh Merbau, which is situated on the east coast of North Sumatra and has a salinity of 5.9 dS/m. Salinity causes osmotic, salt-specific, and oxidative stress, which negatively affects crop yields. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of\u0000 l\u0000 -ascorbic acid treatment on the yield parameters of eight varieties of rice grown on saline soil. This study was based on a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the rice variety (Ciherang, IR 64, Lambur, Batanghari, Banyuasin, IR 42, Inpara 10, and Margasari), and the second factor was the concentration of\u0000 l\u0000 -ascorbic acid (0, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg/L). The number of empty grains per panicles, grain weight per clump, and number of filled grains per panicles increased as the concentration of\u0000 l\u0000 -ascorbic acid increased.\u0000 l\u0000 -Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 1,500 mg/L exhibited the best results, and the grain weight of Banyuasin and Batanghari varieties was 33.22 and 30.18 g, respectively; however, there was no significant difference in grain weight between the varieties. Batanghari and Ciherang were the most salt-tolerant genotypes, with a high ability to produce high number of filled grains compared to other varieties.\u0000 l\u0000 -Ascorbic acid treatment can promote the yields of rice varieties grown under salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haji Muhammad Umer Memon, Mahboob Ali Sial, H. Bux
Water stress is one of the major environmental constraints on wheat grain yield worldwide. One way to overcome this limitation is to evolve genetically stress-tolerant wheat genotypes that produce sustainable grain yields in water-scarce conditions. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of 34 advanced wheat genotypes ( Triticum aestivum L.) and two commercial check varieties (Khirman and TD-1) for grain yield and yield-associated agronomic traits in moisture stress (MS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. Plants were grown in residual moisture in rice fallow land in rainfed conditions without supplementary irrigation, i.e., MS conditions, while two rounds of irrigations were applied for the WW control conditions. Analysis of variance indicated a highly significant ( p < 0.05) variation among genotypes for all the observed agronomic traits in MS and WW conditions. In the MS group, the exotic line IBWSN-1010, mutant line MASR-64, and doubled haploid line DH-12/7 produced the highest grain yield compared to all the contesting wheat genotypes, including check varieties. Grain yield per plot was positively correlated ( r = 0.93) with biological yield per plot in MS conditions. Principal component analysis showed total variations of 21.9%, 20.4%, and 10.1% explained by PC-1, PC-2, and PC-3 in MS, and 22.9%, 14.8%, and 12.1% for PC-1, PC-2, and PC-3 in WW conditions. Our study provides valid information for the selection of newly evolved wheat genotypes and will be useful in future breeding programs.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bread Wheat Genotypes for Water Stress Tolerance Using Agronomic Traits","authors":"Haji Muhammad Umer Memon, Mahboob Ali Sial, H. Bux","doi":"10.5586/aa.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.751","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water stress is one of the major environmental constraints on wheat grain yield worldwide. One way to overcome this limitation is to evolve genetically stress-tolerant wheat genotypes that produce sustainable grain yields in water-scarce conditions. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of 34 advanced wheat genotypes (\u0000 Triticum aestivum\u0000 L.) and two commercial check varieties (Khirman and TD-1) for grain yield and yield-associated agronomic traits in moisture stress (MS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. Plants were grown in residual moisture in rice fallow land in rainfed conditions without supplementary irrigation, i.e., MS conditions, while two rounds of irrigations were applied for the WW control conditions. Analysis of variance indicated a highly significant (\u0000 p\u0000 < 0.05) variation among genotypes for all the observed agronomic traits in MS and WW conditions. In the MS group, the exotic line IBWSN-1010, mutant line MASR-64, and doubled haploid line DH-12/7 produced the highest grain yield compared to all the contesting wheat genotypes, including check varieties. Grain yield per plot was positively correlated (\u0000 r\u0000 = 0.93) with biological yield per plot in MS conditions. Principal component analysis showed total variations of 21.9%, 20.4%, and 10.1% explained by PC-1, PC-2, and PC-3 in MS, and 22.9%, 14.8%, and 12.1% for PC-1, PC-2, and PC-3 in WW conditions. Our study provides valid information for the selection of newly evolved wheat genotypes and will be useful in future breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41920388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Messias de Carvalho, W. Halecki, K. Możdżeń, A. Synowiec
The present study aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of four cereals: winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), triticale ( ×Triticosecale Wittm.), spelt wheat ( Triticum spelta L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) through a completely randomized (CR) design. The allelopathic effects of water extracts of different parts of the cereal plants (stem, leaf, and spike) at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%) were evaluated on the seed germination and seedling growth. The germination rate, length, and dry weight of the shoot and root of the seedlings were measured. Ferulic acid was detected in all the cereals. The water extracts at 2.0% and 4.0% concentration had an allelopathic effect on the germination rate, shoot and root length of seedlings of spelt wheat, barley, and triticale, and the stem and leaf extracts affected the root and shoot length of winter wheat. The allelopathic effect of the dried powder of the cereals were evaluated in pot experiments. Both spelt wheat and triticale powder treatment at elevated CO 2 levels increased the dry weight of the root, as well as the length of the shoot and root of winter wheat. Furthermore, treatment with 4.0 g of dry cereal powder combined with an elevated level of CO 2 increased the shoot length, whereas the root length of winter wheat was unaffected. In summary, the combination of dry cereal powder with elevated CO 2 stimulates the initial growth of winter wheat.
{"title":"Autoallelopathic and Allelopathic Influence of Aqueous Winter-Cereal Extracts","authors":"Messias de Carvalho, W. Halecki, K. Możdżeń, A. Synowiec","doi":"10.5586/aa.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.753","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of four cereals: winter wheat (\u0000 Triticum aestivum\u0000 L.), triticale (\u0000 ×Triticosecale\u0000 Wittm.), spelt wheat (\u0000 Triticum spelta\u0000 L.) and barley (\u0000 Hordeum vulgare\u0000 L.) through a completely randomized (CR) design. The allelopathic effects of water extracts of different parts of the cereal plants (stem, leaf, and spike) at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%) were evaluated on the seed germination and seedling growth. The germination rate, length, and dry weight of the shoot and root of the seedlings were measured. Ferulic acid was detected in all the cereals. The water extracts at 2.0% and 4.0% concentration had an allelopathic effect on the germination rate, shoot and root length of seedlings of spelt wheat, barley, and triticale, and the stem and leaf extracts affected the root and shoot length of winter wheat. The allelopathic effect of the dried powder of the cereals were evaluated in pot experiments. Both spelt wheat and triticale powder treatment at elevated CO\u0000 2\u0000 levels increased the dry weight of the root, as well as the length of the shoot and root of winter wheat. Furthermore, treatment with 4.0 g of dry cereal powder combined with an elevated level of CO\u0000 2\u0000 increased the shoot length, whereas the root length of winter wheat was unaffected. In summary, the combination of dry cereal powder with elevated CO\u0000 2\u0000 stimulates the initial growth of winter wheat.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47149509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fetsiukh, Liubov Bunio, O. Patsula, S. Timmusk, O. Terek
Currently, the problem of environmental pollution, especially in contaminated areas, is highly important. The study of the defense mechanisms of plants under salt stress (high salinity) is of considerable importance, given the conditions of current agricultural development and climate change. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of salinity on Salix viminalis L. under field conditions at the Stebnyk tailing site in Ukraine. After 120 days of growth, the leaves, stems, and roots of S. viminalis were harvested to measure the antioxidant defense system of plants under salinity. Inhibition of S. viminalis growth was observed. We found that peroxidase, ascorbic acid, and proline mainly accumulated in the stems of S. viminalis under salinity conditions. However, in the roots, an increase in catalase activity and soluble sugars content was observed under salinity stress. Thus, the increase in the amount and changes in the activity of enzymes showed the involvement of the antioxidant system in the adaptation of S. viminalis to salinity. The data obtained in this study serve as a starting point for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of S. viminalis to salinity, particularly at the Stebnyk tailing. We believe our findings will support the use of plants in nature-based solutions and eco-engineering projects on saline and industrially polluted lands.
{"title":"Content of Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants in Salix viminalis L. Grown on the Stebnyk Tailing","authors":"A. Fetsiukh, Liubov Bunio, O. Patsula, S. Timmusk, O. Terek","doi":"10.5586/aa.752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.752","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Currently, the problem of environmental pollution, especially in contaminated areas, is highly important. The study of the defense mechanisms of plants under salt stress (high salinity) is of considerable importance, given the conditions of current agricultural development and climate change. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of salinity on\u0000 Salix viminalis\u0000 L. under field conditions at the Stebnyk tailing site in Ukraine. After 120 days of growth, the leaves, stems, and roots of\u0000 S. viminalis\u0000 were harvested to measure the antioxidant defense system of plants under salinity. Inhibition of\u0000 S. viminalis\u0000 growth was observed. We found that peroxidase, ascorbic acid, and proline mainly accumulated in the stems of\u0000 S. viminalis\u0000 under salinity conditions. However, in the roots, an increase in catalase activity and soluble sugars content was observed under salinity stress. Thus, the increase in the amount and changes in the activity of enzymes showed the involvement of the antioxidant system in the adaptation of\u0000 S. viminalis\u0000 to salinity. The data obtained in this study serve as a starting point for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of\u0000 S. viminalis\u0000 to salinity, particularly at the Stebnyk tailing. We believe our findings will support the use of plants in nature-based solutions and eco-engineering projects on saline and industrially polluted lands.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45164506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Phansak, S. Siriwong, Nantawan Kanawapee, K. Thumanu, W. Gunnula, N. Buensanteai
Drought isa major constraint in many rainfed areas and affects rice yield. We aimed to characterize the physiological changes in rice in response to drought using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Eighty rice landrace seedlings were subjected to drought in the greenhouse using a PEG 6000. Physiological parameters, including total chlorophyll content, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and biochemical changes were evaluated. Based on the FTIR results, the landraces were divided into three main groups: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible. Principal component analysis revealed spectral differences between the control and drought stress treatment groups. Lipid, pectin, and lignin content increased after drought stress. The biochemical components of plants at different drought tolerance levels were also compared. The lipid (CH2 and CH3), lignin (C=C), pectin (C=O), and protein (C=O, N–H) contents were the highest in the drought-tolerant cultivars, followed by the moderately tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. Cultivar 17 and 49 were the most tolerant, and the functional groups were identified and characterized using FTIR. Overall, these results will be useful in selecting parental cultivars for rice breeding programs.
{"title":"Drought Response of Rice in Northeastern Thailand Assessed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"P. Phansak, S. Siriwong, Nantawan Kanawapee, K. Thumanu, W. Gunnula, N. Buensanteai","doi":"10.5586/aa.7421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.7421","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drought isa major constraint in many rainfed areas and affects rice yield. We aimed to characterize the physiological changes in rice in response to drought using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Eighty rice landrace seedlings were subjected to drought in the greenhouse using a PEG 6000. Physiological parameters, including total chlorophyll content, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and biochemical changes were evaluated. Based on the FTIR results, the landraces were divided into three main groups: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible. Principal component analysis revealed spectral differences between the control and drought stress treatment groups. Lipid, pectin, and lignin content increased after drought stress. The biochemical components of plants at different drought tolerance levels were also compared. The lipid (CH2 and CH3), lignin (C=C), pectin (C=O), and protein (C=O, N–H) contents were the highest in the drought-tolerant cultivars, followed by the moderately tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. Cultivar 17 and 49 were the most tolerant, and the functional groups were identified and characterized using FTIR. Overall, these results will be useful in selecting parental cultivars for rice breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42151616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：