Urszula Barbara Bałuszyńska, Andrii Chaploutskyi, Oleksandra Polunina, Liudmyla Slobodianyk, Maria Licznar-Małańczuk
The relationship between a cover of four grass living mulches in an apple orchard and the weed cover as well as its impact on the fruit tree yield, growth, and fruit quality was estimated at the Fruit Experimental Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław (Poland). The experiment was established in a young orchard of ‘Chopin’ cv. apple trees grafted on rootstock MM 106, i.e. one of the strongest semi-dwarf rootstock. One year after, the tree planting soil was covered by blue fescue, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass in tree rows and tractor alleys. The apple trees showed a similar degree of adaptation to the changing cultivation conditions in four different living mulches despite the varied share of the area covered by weeds. However, they did not avoid competition from different grass sods and their weediness, which was reflected in their low yield and low crop efficiency coefficient. The perennial species composition and the percentage share of the most common weeds differentiated the sod of the studied grasses. Among several perennial weed species, Trifolium repens L. was found to be the most competitive in all grass living mulches. The dynamic development of this species in time was stimulated by a rapid increase in precipitation in the orchard. The lowest soil surface cover by the total weeds was noted soon after the perennial ryegrass emergence due to the rapid development of the grass. Red fescue spread the most efficiently among all the studied grasses, and its coverage allowed effective reduction of the presence of weeds. This cover crop also maintained high purity of grass sod, especially in the tree rows, until the end of the experiment period.
{"title":"Grass species as a living mulch – impact of sod and its weediness on apple trees","authors":"Urszula Barbara Bałuszyńska, Andrii Chaploutskyi, Oleksandra Polunina, Liudmyla Slobodianyk, Maria Licznar-Małańczuk","doi":"10.5586/aa/172257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/172257","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between a cover of four grass living mulches in an apple orchard and the weed cover as well as its impact on the fruit tree yield, growth, and fruit quality was estimated at the Fruit Experimental Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław (Poland). The experiment was established in a young orchard of ‘Chopin’ cv. apple trees grafted on rootstock MM 106, i.e. one of the strongest semi-dwarf rootstock. One year after, the tree planting soil was covered by blue fescue, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass in tree rows and tractor alleys. The apple trees showed a similar degree of adaptation to the changing cultivation conditions in four different living mulches despite the varied share of the area covered by weeds. However, they did not avoid competition from different grass sods and their weediness, which was reflected in their low yield and low crop efficiency coefficient. The perennial species composition and the percentage share of the most common weeds differentiated the sod of the studied grasses. Among several perennial weed species, <i>Trifolium repens</i> L. was found to be the most competitive in all grass living mulches. The dynamic development of this species in time was stimulated by a rapid increase in precipitation in the orchard. The lowest soil surface cover by the total weeds was noted soon after the perennial ryegrass emergence due to the rapid development of the grass. Red fescue spread the most efficiently among all the studied grasses, and its coverage allowed effective reduction of the presence of weeds. This cover crop also maintained high purity of grass sod, especially in the tree rows, until the end of the experiment period.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) root is a commonly known rich source of allantoin. This compound is widely used in pharmacy and cosmetology, but mainly in a synthetic form. However, the properties of natural allantoin in products of biological origin may be different from those of synthetic allantoin, especially due to the presence of other bioactive substances. Moreover, even in the same raw material, the level of this compound may vary depending on the plant age and environmental conditions. Therefore, we compared the content of allantoin in selected Symphyti Radix raw materials available on the Polish market. The allantoin concentrations determined using the HPLC method were found to be in the range of 15.14-36.46 mg/g DW. Although comfrey root can be an important source of natural allantoin in dermocosmetics and dermatological formulations, fluctuations in the level of this compound depending on the origin of the raw material should be taken into consideration.
{"title":"Assessment of allantoin concentrations in comfrey root available on the Polish market","authors":"Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak, Sławomir Dresler","doi":"10.5586/aa/172247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/172247","url":null,"abstract":"Comfrey (<i>Symphytum officinale</i> L.) root is a commonly known rich source of allantoin. This compound is widely used in pharmacy and cosmetology, but mainly in a synthetic form. However, the properties of natural allantoin in products of biological origin may be different from those of synthetic allantoin, especially due to the presence of other bioactive substances. Moreover, even in the same raw material, the level of this compound may vary depending on the plant age and environmental conditions. Therefore, we compared the content of allantoin in selected <i>Symphyti Radix</i> raw materials available on the Polish market. The allantoin concentrations determined using the HPLC method were found to be in the range of 15.14-36.46 mg/g DW. Although comfrey root can be an important source of natural allantoin in dermocosmetics and dermatological formulations, fluctuations in the level of this compound depending on the origin of the raw material should be taken into consideration.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gisel A. Piris, Rubén D. Duré, A. Samudio-Oggero, H. Nakayama
The sweet herb or ka'a he'ẽ in the Guarani language (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a native plant of Paraguay, which produces a natural sweetener, 300 times sweeter than sucrose. The consumption of stevia has spread to numerous countries due to its beneficial properties for health. To meet the global demand for stevia, the production must be optimized through the use of improved varieties cultivated in different environmental conditions. This is an important fact, given the challenges related to climate change, such as salinity, opting for varieties that adapt to these conditions generates a positive impact on the dissemination of the crop. This research was aimed to determine the response of the Eirete variety of S. rebaudiana to saline stress conditions by evaluating selected biochemical and growth parameters. Vitroplants propagated in Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mM NaCl were used in the study to identify the concentration that reduced growth by 50% (GR50) and with 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl to determine the concentration that caused the death of 50% of the individuals (LD50). After the evaluation of biochemical and growth parameters carried out at the dose corresponding to GR50, a significant decrease in the height, fresh and dry weight of the aerial parts, and fresh weight of the roots was found. Substantial increases in the proline concentration and the root/shoot ratio were also observed. There was no significant alteration of the dry weight of the roots and the content of soluble sugars or chlorophylls. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the development of vitroplants of S. rebaudiana var. Eirete is reduced by increasing concentrations of NaCl in the culture medium; however, our results suggest that stevia plants can be cultivated in moderate saline conditions.
{"title":"Responses of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) to salinity conditions","authors":"Gisel A. Piris, Rubén D. Duré, A. Samudio-Oggero, H. Nakayama","doi":"10.5586/aa/170206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/170206","url":null,"abstract":"The sweet herb or ka'a he'ẽ in the Guarani language (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a native plant of Paraguay, which produces a natural sweetener, 300 times sweeter than sucrose. The consumption of stevia has spread to numerous countries due to its beneficial properties for health. To meet the global demand for stevia, the production must be optimized through the use of improved varieties cultivated in different environmental conditions. This is an important fact, given the challenges related to climate change, such as salinity, opting for varieties that adapt to these conditions generates a positive impact on the dissemination of the crop. This research was aimed to determine the response of the Eirete variety of S. rebaudiana to saline stress conditions by evaluating selected biochemical and growth parameters. Vitroplants propagated in Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mM NaCl were used in the study to identify the concentration that reduced growth by 50% (GR50) and with 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl to determine the concentration that caused the death of 50% of the individuals (LD50). After the evaluation of biochemical and growth parameters carried out at the dose corresponding to GR50, a significant decrease in the height, fresh and dry weight of the aerial parts, and fresh weight of the roots was found. Substantial increases in the proline concentration and the root/shoot ratio were also observed. There was no significant alteration of the dry weight of the roots and the content of soluble sugars or chlorophylls. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the development of vitroplants of S. rebaudiana var. Eirete is reduced by increasing concentrations of NaCl in the culture medium; however, our results suggest that stevia plants can be cultivated in moderate saline conditions.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45241741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter Pires Junior, Lauanny Eloá Silva Arin Silva Arin, A. C. Menezes, F. G. Jesus, E. C. Rocha, M. S. Araújo
The aim of the current study is to assess the toxicity of Austroplenckia populnea leaf extracts towards the Spodoptera frugiperda population in laboratory conditions. Initially, a crude methanolic extract was obtained from dried leaves of A. populnea. This extract was fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate, and then methanol. Neonate S. frugiperda larvae were isolated in plastic containers and fed (once) on corn leaf fragments treated with crude and fractions of the investigated plant extracts. The life cycle of the larvae treated with the extracts was monitored. In addition to the intake of leaves treated with the plant extracts, such variables as larval and pupal mortality rate, larval and pupal weight, and larval, pupal, and adult stage duration were evaluated. The crude, hexane, and methanol extract fractions exerted an antixenosis effect on the feeding behaviour of neonate S. frugiperda larvae. A significant antibiosis effect was observed for the hexane fraction of the A. populnea extract, since all of its concentrations promoted a S. frugiperda larval mortality rate differing from that observed for the control. The pupal mortality rate was low, but it did not differ significantly from the mortality rate observed for the control treatment, which was nil. The larvicidal effect of the A. populnea leaf extract, mainly of its hexane fraction, has indicated its potential to be used in integrated S. frugiperda management programs.
{"title":"Toxic effects of the crude methanolic extract of Austroplenckia populnea leaves and fractions on the growth of Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Walter Pires Junior, Lauanny Eloá Silva Arin Silva Arin, A. C. Menezes, F. G. Jesus, E. C. Rocha, M. S. Araújo","doi":"10.5586/aa/169582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/169582","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study is to assess the toxicity of Austroplenckia populnea leaf extracts towards the Spodoptera frugiperda population in laboratory conditions. Initially, a crude methanolic extract was obtained from dried leaves of A. populnea. This extract was fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate, and then methanol. Neonate S. frugiperda larvae were isolated in plastic containers and fed (once) on corn leaf fragments treated with crude and fractions of the investigated plant extracts. The life cycle of the larvae treated with the extracts was monitored. In addition to the intake of leaves treated with the plant extracts, such variables as larval and pupal mortality rate, larval and pupal weight, and larval, pupal, and adult stage duration were evaluated. The crude, hexane, and methanol extract fractions exerted an antixenosis effect on the feeding behaviour of neonate S. frugiperda larvae. A significant antibiosis effect was observed for the hexane fraction of the A. populnea extract, since all of its concentrations promoted a S. frugiperda larval mortality rate differing from that observed for the control. The pupal mortality rate was low, but it did not differ significantly from the mortality rate observed for the control treatment, which was nil. The larvicidal effect of the A. populnea leaf extract, mainly of its hexane fraction, has indicated its potential to be used in integrated S. frugiperda management programs.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47561275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Łotocka, Emilia Wysokińska, E. Pitera, E. Szpadzik
The ultrastructure of stigmatic and stylar secretory tissues was studied in one cultivar of Pyrus communis and six cultivars of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (the so-called Nashi pear) using standard light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy methods. Although both tissues secreted an extracellular fluid necessary for the development of male gametophyte, they differed markedly in the ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix and in the distribution and ultrastructure of organelles. The difference was most evident in regard to the endoplasmic reticulum, which represented the rough, smooth, and vesicular type in stigmatic papillate epidermis and distal stigmatoid tissue cells and occurred mainly as the rough type in form of expanded cisternae filled with fine-fibrillar content in the transmitting tissue of the style.
{"title":"Ultrastructure of receptive stigma and transmitting tissue at anthesis in two pear species","authors":"B. Łotocka, Emilia Wysokińska, E. Pitera, E. Szpadzik","doi":"10.5586/aa/169344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/169344","url":null,"abstract":"The ultrastructure of stigmatic and stylar secretory tissues was studied in one cultivar of Pyrus communis and six cultivars of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (the so-called Nashi pear) using standard light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy methods. Although both tissues secreted an extracellular fluid necessary for the development of male gametophyte, they differed markedly in the ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix and in the distribution and ultrastructure of organelles. The difference was most evident in regard to the endoplasmic reticulum, which represented the rough, smooth, and vesicular type in stigmatic papillate epidermis and distal stigmatoid tissue cells and occurred mainly as the rough type in form of expanded cisternae filled with fine-fibrillar content in the transmitting tissue of the style.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42805294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elda Kristiani Paisey, E. Santosa, D. Matra, A. Kurniawati, Supijatno Supijatno
Self-pruning can lower production costs, especially in the case of annual crops such as citrus. The study aimed to determine self-pruning of lime treated with growth regulators and a fertilizer. Self-pruning was applied on a one-year-old of Citrus aurantifolia from February 2020 to April 2022 in Bogor, Indonesia. The treatments used NPK at three levels: 22.5:7.5:2.5 g/tree, 32.5:17.5:12.5 g/tree, and 42.5:27.5:22.5 g/tree, and growth regulators: 500 ppm ichiphon + 100 µM ABA, 750 ppm ichiphon + 50 µM ABA, and 1000 ppm ichiphon. Initial symptoms of self-pruning, namely leaf fall, which correlated with the ethylene concentration in the leaves, occurred in all treatment applications. The combination of the NPK fertilizer 32.5:17.5:12.5 g/tree with 750 ppm ichiphon + 50 M ABA gave the highest ethylene concentration. The highest concentration of ABA was found on the first day after the treatment with the NPK fertilizer 42.5: 27:5: 22.5 g/tree and growth regulators 500 ppm ichiphon + 100 M ABA; however, it did not differ from the treatment with the NPK fertilizer 42.5: 27.5:22.5 g/tree and the 1000 ppm ichiphon growth regulator on the fourth and twelfth days. The percentage of secondary, tertiary, and deciduous branches did not differ between the treatments. Self-pruning that occurs as a result of induction by ichiphon, abscisic acid, and NPK fertilizers, can be an alternative to mechanical pruning.
{"title":"Self-pruning in lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) after treatments with ichiphon, abscisic acid and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers","authors":"Elda Kristiani Paisey, E. Santosa, D. Matra, A. Kurniawati, Supijatno Supijatno","doi":"10.5586/aa/168236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/168236","url":null,"abstract":"Self-pruning can lower production costs, especially in the case of annual crops such as citrus. The study aimed to determine self-pruning of lime treated with growth regulators and a fertilizer. Self-pruning was applied on a one-year-old of Citrus aurantifolia from February 2020 to April 2022 in Bogor, Indonesia. The treatments used NPK at three levels: 22.5:7.5:2.5 g/tree, 32.5:17.5:12.5 g/tree, and 42.5:27.5:22.5 g/tree, and growth regulators: 500 ppm ichiphon + 100 µM ABA, 750 ppm ichiphon + 50 µM ABA, and 1000 ppm ichiphon. Initial symptoms of self-pruning, namely leaf fall, which correlated with the ethylene concentration in the leaves, occurred in all treatment applications. The combination of the NPK fertilizer 32.5:17.5:12.5 g/tree with 750 ppm ichiphon + 50 M ABA gave the highest ethylene concentration. The highest concentration of ABA was found on the first day after the treatment with the NPK fertilizer 42.5: 27:5: 22.5 g/tree and growth regulators 500 ppm ichiphon + 100 M ABA; however, it did not differ from the treatment with the NPK fertilizer 42.5: 27.5:22.5 g/tree and the 1000 ppm ichiphon growth regulator on the fourth and twelfth days. The percentage of secondary, tertiary, and deciduous branches did not differ between the treatments. Self-pruning that occurs as a result of induction by ichiphon, abscisic acid, and NPK fertilizers, can be an alternative to mechanical pruning.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45496112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In three-year experiments, we studied the effect of air temperature during grain ripening on the content of palmitic acid glycerides in the oils of corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines of common type as well as inbred lines - carriers of sh1 and wx mutations of the endosperm structure. The material for the research was presented by 10 unrelated lines of each type, which were grown in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The analysis of the fatty acid composition of the oil was carried out with the Peisker gas-chromatographic method. The evaluation of the genotype: environment interactions was carried out using the Eberhard-Russell method. It has been established that the lines – carriers of sh1 and wx mutations differ from the lines of common type in a higher level of palmitate content, and one of the probable causes for this may be the spatial linkage of the mutant sh1 and wx genes with the palmitate-coding locus of chromosome 9. Palmitate content in unrelated lines of each type varied depending on the genotype of the line and the norm of its response to temperature fluctuations during grain maturation. Some lines showed a significant range of palmitate content variability under different temperature regimes of the ripening period, while other lines had a fairly stable level of the trait under the same conditions. Lines with a stably elevated content of palmitate under contrasting temperature growing conditions were identified.
{"title":"Palmitic acid glyceride content in maize lines - carriers of the wx and sh1 mutations depending on the air temperature during the ripening period","authors":"D. Tymchuk","doi":"10.5586/aa/169047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/169047","url":null,"abstract":"In three-year experiments, we studied the effect of air temperature during grain ripening on the content of palmitic acid glycerides in the oils of corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines of common type as well as inbred lines - carriers of sh1 and wx mutations of the endosperm structure. The material for the research was presented by 10 unrelated lines of each type, which were grown in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The analysis of the fatty acid composition of the oil was carried out with the Peisker gas-chromatographic method. The evaluation of the genotype: environment interactions was carried out using the Eberhard-Russell method. It has been established that the lines – carriers of sh1 and wx mutations differ from the lines of common type in a higher level of palmitate content, and one of the probable causes for this may be the spatial linkage of the mutant sh1 and wx genes with the palmitate-coding locus of chromosome 9. Palmitate content in unrelated lines of each type varied depending on the genotype of the line and the norm of its response to temperature fluctuations during grain maturation. Some lines showed a significant range of palmitate content variability under different temperature regimes of the ripening period, while other lines had a fairly stable level of the trait under the same conditions. Lines with a stably elevated content of palmitate under contrasting temperature growing conditions were identified.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea buckthorn is becoming an increasingly popular medicinal plant. This plant material contains many nutrients and bioactive substances used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Compounds found in the organs of this plant have antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, but, despite these features, sea buckthorn is affected by many pathogens. As shown by studies on the health and presence of pathogenic fungi on the aboveground organs of this plant, no obligatory pathogens and Basidiomycota fungi were found in 2019. The mycological analysis of the aboveground organs, i.e. leaves, fruits, and shoots, showed that Alternaria alternata was the most frequent species of fungi isolated from all examined organs. Moreover, the Monilinia fructigena and Botrytis cinerea species were often isolated from fruits and Cladosporium cladosporioides fungus was found on leaves. Numerous isolates of the pathogenic Fusarium sporotrichiodes fungus and single isolates of Phomopsis spp., i.e. fungi causing gangrene and drying out of the bark of shoots and the bark of many fruit plant species, and Nigrospora oryzae causing leaf blotch of herbaceous plants and fruit trees were obtained from the examined organs of the sea buckthorn. The mycological analysis revealed no species of the genus Verticillium, universally recognized as the most dangerous to this plant.
{"title":"Fungi inhabiting aboveground organs of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in organic farming","authors":"E. Zalewska, G. Zawiślak, E. Król","doi":"10.5586/aa/168497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/168497","url":null,"abstract":"Sea buckthorn is becoming an increasingly popular medicinal plant. This plant material contains many nutrients and bioactive substances used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Compounds found in the organs of this plant have antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, but, despite these features, sea buckthorn is affected by many pathogens. As shown by studies on the health and presence of pathogenic fungi on the aboveground organs of this plant, no obligatory pathogens and Basidiomycota fungi were found in 2019. The mycological analysis of the aboveground organs, i.e. leaves, fruits, and shoots, showed that Alternaria alternata was the most frequent species of fungi isolated from all examined organs. Moreover, the Monilinia fructigena and Botrytis cinerea species were often isolated from fruits and Cladosporium cladosporioides fungus was found on leaves. Numerous isolates of the pathogenic Fusarium sporotrichiodes fungus and single isolates of Phomopsis spp., i.e. fungi causing gangrene and drying out of the bark of shoots and the bark of many fruit plant species, and Nigrospora oryzae causing leaf blotch of herbaceous plants and fruit trees were obtained from the examined organs of the sea buckthorn. The mycological analysis revealed no species of the genus Verticillium, universally recognized as the most dangerous to this plant.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassane Makhlouf, Charbel A. Mouawad, Nidal Thabit Shaban, Joelle Aad, Linda Sassine, Hala Samaha
The need for an agricultural system in the Mediterranean countries consuming fewer chemicals and respecting the environment becomes a pressing element. The use of natural beneficial microorganisms that enhance soil fertility could be a promising solution. Lebanese Beneficial Microorganisms (LBM) were extracted and evaluated for their capacity of promoting plant growth. Two combinations of LBM were compared to chemical fertilizers: alone (treatment B) or with an organic fertilizer (treatment A). Under field conditions, significant positive effects on height, leaf biomass, and fruit production were obtained starting from day 15 for both tested crops. Treatment A was the most efficient in enhancement of different growth parameters. Hence, Capsicum annuum shoots were 44.4% longer with 99.5% and 51.2% increase in the number of leaves and flowers per plant, respectively. Fruit yield increased over the control by 31.7% in C. annuum and 37.5% in Solanum lycopersicum. However, treatment B exhibited the highest significant values of root length and weight in S. lycopersicum. This study highlights the efficiency of both LBM combinations in the total absence of chemical fertilizers and the increase in their outcome by the addition of organic products. The use of native microbial consortia represents a novel strategy for the development of biofertilizers.
{"title":"Evaluation of the growth promoting effect of native microbial community under field conditions","authors":"Hassane Makhlouf, Charbel A. Mouawad, Nidal Thabit Shaban, Joelle Aad, Linda Sassine, Hala Samaha","doi":"10.5586/aa/168485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/168485","url":null,"abstract":"The need for an agricultural system in the Mediterranean countries consuming fewer chemicals and respecting the environment becomes a pressing element. The use of natural beneficial microorganisms that enhance soil fertility could be a promising solution. Lebanese Beneficial Microorganisms (LBM) were extracted and evaluated for their capacity of promoting plant growth. Two combinations of LBM were compared to chemical fertilizers: alone (treatment B) or with an organic fertilizer (treatment A). Under field conditions, significant positive effects on height, leaf biomass, and fruit production were obtained starting from day 15 for both tested crops. Treatment A was the most efficient in enhancement of different growth parameters. Hence, Capsicum annuum shoots were 44.4% longer with 99.5% and 51.2% increase in the number of leaves and flowers per plant, respectively. Fruit yield increased over the control by 31.7% in C. annuum and 37.5% in Solanum lycopersicum. However, treatment B exhibited the highest significant values of root length and weight in S. lycopersicum. This study highlights the efficiency of both LBM combinations in the total absence of chemical fertilizers and the increase in their outcome by the addition of organic products. The use of native microbial consortia represents a novel strategy for the development of biofertilizers.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46913812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel combination of widely used commercial histochemical reagents, Mayer’s mucicarmine and Lugol’s reagent, was applied to survey anatomical analysis of various plant organs: Euphorbia splendens stem, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petiole, Homalocladium platycladum stem base, Phalaenopsis sp. aerial root, Rhipsalis sp. stem, Schoenoplectus lacustris stem base, and Urtica dioica stem primary structure. The staining resulted in red coloration of non-lignified cell walls and mucilage, yellow coloration of lignified cell walls and protein-rich components of the protoplasts, and dark staining of starch. The method was found to be cheap, easy, fast, and informative, and thus widely applicable in both teaching and research.
{"title":"Easy, fast, cheap, informative, and pretty – staining of plant sections with Mayer’s mucicarmine and Lugol’s reagent","authors":"Barbara Łotocka","doi":"10.5586/aa.767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.767","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A novel combination of widely used commercial histochemical reagents, Mayer’s mucicarmine and Lugol’s reagent, was applied to survey anatomical analysis of various plant organs: Euphorbia splendens stem, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petiole, Homalocladium platycladum stem base, Phalaenopsis sp. aerial root, Rhipsalis sp. stem, Schoenoplectus lacustris stem base, and Urtica dioica stem primary structure. The staining resulted in red coloration of non-lignified cell walls and mucilage, yellow coloration of lignified cell walls and protein-rich components of the protoplasts, and dark staining of starch. The method was found to be cheap, easy, fast, and informative, and thus widely applicable in both teaching and research.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49548625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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