Pub Date : 2020-09-11DOI: 10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-010
Jurica Baranašić, Anita Mihalak, I. Gruic‐Sovulj, N. Bauer, Jasmina Rokov-Plavec
Plants, as sessile organisms, have evolved intricate mechanisms to adapt to various environmental changes and challenges. Because various types of stress trigger significant decrease in global translation rates we examined the stress-related expression of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), enzymes that participate in the first step of protein biosynthesis. We have analyzed promoters of genes encoding cytosolic seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS), cytosolic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) and cytosolic cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CysRS) in Arabidopsis thaliana L., and examined SerRS, AspRS and CysRS gene expression in seedlings exposed to different abiotic stressors. Although global translation levels are repressed by stress, our results show that plant aaRSs expression is not decreased by osmotic, salt and heavy metal/cadmium stress. Moreover, during exposure to stress conditions we detected increased AspRS and CysRS transcript levels. SerRS gene expression did not change in stress conditions although participation of SerRS in stress response could be regulated at the protein level. Expression of the examined aaRS genes under stress correlated well with the length of their predicted promoters and the number of available binding sites for the stress related transcription factors. It thus appears that during stress it is important to keep steady state levels of aaRSs for translation of specific stress-related mRNAs and furthermore to rapidly continue with translation when stress conditions cease. Importantly, increased levels of plant aaRSs during stress may serve as a pool of aaRS proteins that can participate directly in stress responses through their noncanonical activities.
{"title":"Expression of genes\u0000for selected plant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in the abiotic stress","authors":"Jurica Baranašić, Anita Mihalak, I. Gruic‐Sovulj, N. Bauer, Jasmina Rokov-Plavec","doi":"10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-010","url":null,"abstract":"Plants, as sessile organisms, have evolved intricate mechanisms to adapt\u0000to various environmental changes and challenges. Because various types of stress trigger significant decrease in global translation rates we examined the stress-related expression of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), enzymes that participate in the first step of protein biosynthesis. We have analyzed promoters of genes encoding cytosolic seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS), cytosolic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) and cytosolic cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CysRS) in Arabidopsis thaliana L., and examined SerRS, AspRS and CysRS gene expression in seedlings exposed to different abiotic stressors. Although global translation levels are repressed by stress, our results show that plant aaRSs expression is not decreased by osmotic, salt and heavy metal/cadmium stress. Moreover, during exposure to stress conditions we detected increased AspRS and CysRS transcript levels. SerRS gene expression did not change in stress conditions although participation of\u0000SerRS in stress response could be regulated at the protein level. Expression of the examined aaRS genes under stress correlated well with the length of their predicted promoters and the number of available binding sites for the stress related transcription factors. It thus appears that during stress it is important to keep steady state levels of aaRSs for translation of specific stress-related mRNAs and furthermore to rapidly continue with translation when stress conditions cease. Importantly, increased levels of plant aaRSs during stress may serve as a pool of aaRS proteins that can participate directly in stress\u0000responses through their noncanonical activities.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49376389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2020-015
D. Kremer, I. Košir, T. Potočnik, Nikolina Rogulj, Karla Načinović, M. Randić, R. Grubešić, S. Srečec
As a contribution to chemotaxonomic relations, a quantitative analysis of bioactive phenolic compounds was carried out for the first time in Drypis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa and D. spinosa subsp. jacquiniana Murb. et Wettst. ex Murb. in Croatia. Total polyphenols (TP), tannins (T) and total flavonoids (TF) were determined in samples of leaves, stems, and roots using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods. For the subsp. spinosa, the highest content of TF was in leaves (0.09%), as was the highest amount of TP (2.36%) and T (1.12%). In the subsp. jacquiniana, the highest contents of TF (0.10%), TP (1.96%), and T (0.88%) were measured in stems. Coumaric, ferulic and rosmarinic acid were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis in both subspecies. Quercetin and sinapic acid were identified only in subsp. spinosa, while rutin and naringenin were found only in subsp. jacquiniana. Among them, ferulic acid was identified only in flowers of both subspecies. The results of this study represent a useful basis for further research of phytochemical and eventually phytotherapeutic potential of D. spinosa.
本文首次对干皮(Drypis spinosa L. subsp)中生物活性酚类化合物进行了定量分析，为化学分类关系的研究做出贡献。刺骨草和刺骨草亚种。jacquiniana Murb。et Wettst。Murb交货。在克罗地亚。采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定其叶、茎、根中总多酚(TP)、单宁(T)和总黄酮(TF)的含量。对于subsp。叶片中TF含量最高(0.09%)，TP含量最高(2.36%)，T含量最高(1.12%)。在潜水艇里。其中，叶黄素(TF)、总磷(TP)和总磷(T)含量以茎部最高，分别为0.10%、1.96%和0.88%。用高效液相色谱法对两个亚种中香豆酸、阿魏酸和迷迭香酸进行了鉴定和定量。槲皮素和辛酸仅在亚种中被鉴定出来。芦丁和柚皮素仅存在于人参中。jacquiniana。其中，阿魏酸仅在两个亚种的花中被鉴定出来。本研究结果为进一步研究棘叶草的植物化学和最终的植物治疗潜力提供了有益的基础。
{"title":"Phenolic compounds in two subspecies of Drypis spinosa L. (Caryophyllaceae) in Croatia","authors":"D. Kremer, I. Košir, T. Potočnik, Nikolina Rogulj, Karla Načinović, M. Randić, R. Grubešić, S. Srečec","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2020-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-015","url":null,"abstract":"As a contribution to chemotaxonomic relations, a quantitative analysis of bioactive phenolic compounds was carried out for the first time in Drypis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa and D. spinosa subsp. jacquiniana Murb.\u0000et Wettst. ex Murb. in Croatia. Total polyphenols (TP), tannins (T) and\u0000total flavonoids (TF) were determined in samples of leaves, stems, and roots using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods. For the subsp. spinosa, the highest content of TF was in leaves (0.09%), as was the highest amount of TP (2.36%) and T (1.12%). In the subsp. jacquiniana, the highest contents of TF (0.10%), TP (1.96%), and T (0.88%) were measured in stems. Coumaric, ferulic and rosmarinic acid were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis in both subspecies. Quercetin and sinapic acid were identified only in subsp. spinosa, while rutin and naringenin were found only in subsp. jacquiniana. Among them, ferulic acid was identified only in flowers of both subspecies. The results of this study\u0000represent a useful basis for further research of phytochemical and eventually phytotherapeutic potential of D. spinosa.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.37427/botcro-2020-015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48003921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2020-031
Zammit Gabrielle, Schembri Sarah, Fenech Mark
Phototrophic biofilm and microbial mat communities grow along the rocky coastline of the Maltese islands. This research involved studying phototrophs from the mediolittoral and supralittoral zones over a two-year period and seasonal changes were observed. Attachment of pioneer microorganisms to the porous eroded limestone bedrock was facilitated via a gelatinous matrix composed of exopolymeric substances (EPS). In submerged areas, such as undisturbed rock pools, these progressively formed green or brown compact biofilms, some of which thickened over the spring to form microbial mats via the production of more extensive EPS layers. Microbial mats gradually attained a lighter colouration due to the presence of ultraviolet (UV) screening pigments. In full summer, they were observed to shrink, detach from the exposed substrate, harden and progressively calcify. Biofilm microorganisms survived the harsh summer months in sheltered areas. The major biofilm formers were filamentous non-heterocytous cyanobacteria belonging to the Leptolyngbyaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae and Oscillatoriaceae. Their sheaths were thick, lamellated and often confluent. A higher biodiversity of phototrophs was observed in late autumn and winter, when tufts of heterocytous Calothrix sp. grew on thin compact biofilms of Nodosilinea sp., Toxifilum sp. and Phormidesmis spp., while Lyngbya spp. trichomes were surrounded by thick brown sheaths. Germlings of green and brown macroalgal species belonging to Ulva, Cladophora and Sphacelaria were embedded in biofilms and microbial mats and gradually grew to form extensive macroalgal covers submerged in rock pools. Erythrotrichia sp. filaments colonised the mediolittoral zone and were confined to areas that were exposed to wave action and submerged intermittently. Over the summer, macroalgal coverage diminished and microalgal biofilms and microbial mats prevailed in rock pools.
{"title":"Phototrophic biofilms and microbial mats from the marine littoral of the central Mediterranean","authors":"Zammit Gabrielle, Schembri Sarah, Fenech Mark","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2020-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-031","url":null,"abstract":"Phototrophic biofilm and microbial mat communities grow along the rocky coastline of the Maltese islands. This research involved studying phototrophs from the mediolittoral and supralittoral zones over a two-year period and seasonal changes were observed. Attachment of pioneer microorganisms to the porous eroded limestone bedrock was facilitated via a gelatinous matrix composed of exopolymeric substances (EPS). In submerged areas, such as undisturbed rock pools, these progressively formed green or brown compact biofilms, some of which thickened over the spring to form microbial mats via the production of more extensive EPS layers. Microbial mats gradually attained a lighter colouration due to the presence of ultraviolet (UV) screening pigments. In full summer, they were observed to shrink, detach from the exposed substrate, harden and progressively calcify. Biofilm microorganisms survived the harsh summer months in sheltered areas. The major biofilm formers were filamentous non-heterocytous cyanobacteria belonging to the\u0000Leptolyngbyaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae and Oscillatoriaceae. Their sheaths\u0000were thick, lamellated and often confluent. A higher biodiversity of phototrophs was observed in late autumn and winter, when tufts of heterocytous Calothrix sp. grew on thin compact biofilms of Nodosilinea sp., Toxifilum sp. and Phormidesmis spp., while Lyngbya spp. trichomes were surrounded by thick brown sheaths. Germlings of green and brown macroalgal species belonging to Ulva, Cladophora and Sphacelaria were embedded in biofilms and microbial mats and gradually grew to form extensive macroalgal covers submerged in rock pools. Erythrotrichia sp. filaments colonised the mediolittoral zone and were confined to areas that were exposed to wave action and submerged intermittently. Over the summer, macroalgal coverage diminished and microalgal biofilms and microbial mats prevailed in rock pools.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70056286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-005
F. Figueiredo, J. S. Nóbrega, R. T. Fátima, T. I. Silva, R. G. Nascimento, Maria de Fátima de Queiroz Lopes, T. J. Dias, R. Bruno
Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses which affects the establishment and development crops. Hence, the search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity is essential. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the Central Composite Design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after irrigation with saline water started. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress on M. suaveolens plants.
{"title":"Plant development, gas exchanges and pigments of Mesosphaerum suaveolens submitted to osmoconditioning and saline stress","authors":"F. Figueiredo, J. S. Nóbrega, R. T. Fátima, T. I. Silva, R. G. Nascimento, Maria de Fátima de Queiroz Lopes, T. J. Dias, R. Bruno","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-005","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses which affects the establishment and development crops. Hence, the search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity is essential. The aim of the\u0000present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the Central\u0000Composite Design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine\u0000combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after irrigation with saline water started. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected\u0000the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress\u0000on M. suaveolens plants.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.37427/botcro-2021-005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44114192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-004
S. Jovanovic, M. Glišic
In the last two decades, the number of research articles focused on urban ecosystems in Europe has increased significantly. However, the cities investigated are very unevenly distributed, and most of the studies are focused on Central Europe. The aim of this analysis was to provide a realistic insight into the results of previous research into the urban flora and vegetation of Southeast Europe. The analysis covers a total of 149 articles, classified according to the topic and concept of research. The rates of exploration of urban flora and vegetation vary considerably across the countries of Southeast Europe. The floristic approach was the most common. Although some countries of Southeast Europe have a significant number of floristic studies (e.g. Serbia and Croatia with more than 20 each), their urban flora is still insufficiently explored compared to other European regions. Also, the use of different methodologies makes it impossible to compare results in an adequate way and draw relevant conclusions. Unlike the studies in most of Europe, with a broader spatial framework and uniform methodology, in Southeast Europe they usually referred to individual cities, specific habitats or certain parts of the cities. Hence, including Southeast Europe in large-scale studies would be beneficial.
{"title":"An analysis of research into urban flora and vegetation in Southeast Europe","authors":"S. Jovanovic, M. Glišic","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-004","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, the number of research articles focused on urban ecosystems in Europe has increased significantly. However, the cities investigated are very unevenly distributed, and most of the studies are focused on Central Europe. The aim of this analysis was to provide a realistic insight into the results of previous research into the urban flora and vegetation of Southeast Europe. The analysis covers a\u0000total of 149 articles, classified according to the topic and concept of\u0000research. The rates of exploration of urban flora and vegetation vary considerably across the countries of Southeast Europe. The floristic approach was the most common. Although some countries of Southeast Europe have a significant number of floristic studies (e.g. Serbia and Croatia with more than 20 each), their urban flora is still insufficiently explored compared to other European regions. Also, the use of different methodologies makes it impossible to compare results in\u0000an adequate way and draw relevant conclusions. Unlike the studies in most of Europe, with a broader spatial framework and uniform methodology, in Southeast Europe they usually referred to individual cities, specific habitats or certain parts of the cities. Hence, including Southeast Europe in large-scale studies would be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.37427/botcro-2021-004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43517653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-003
M. Rat, S. Bogdanović
Ornithogalum sibthorpii (Asparagaceae) is an early flowering species, with populations scattered across the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey. It inhabits rocky places and clearings, open habitats, parks and marginal parts of wetlands. Based on the known distribution, habitat preferences and literature records for the Balkan Peninsula, it was hypothesised that this species might be distributed in Croatia as well. To confirm this, herbarium material was revised, and field investigations were organized. The first report confirmed that O. sibthorpii is widespread along the eastern Adriatic coast, reaching the inland Dinaric region too. To present the currently known localities in Croatia, a distribution map is provided. Detailed morphological and leaf anatomy descriptions are given. Morphological affinities with similar species, O. excapum and O. refractum, are also briefly discussed, and an identification key is given. All Croatian populations of O. sibthorpii proved to be diploids with chromosome number 2n = 18.
{"title":"Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greuter (Asparagaceae), a species overlooked in Croatia","authors":"M. Rat, S. Bogdanović","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-003","url":null,"abstract":"Ornithogalum sibthorpii (Asparagaceae) is an early flowering species, with populations scattered across the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey. It inhabits rocky places and clearings, open habitats, parks and marginal parts of wetlands. Based on the known distribution, habitat preferences and literature records for the Balkan Peninsula, it was hypothesised that this species might be distributed in Croatia as well. To confirm this, herbarium material was revised, and field investigations were organized. The first report confirmed that O. sibthorpii is widespread along the eastern Adriatic coast, reaching the inland Dinaric region too. To present the currently known localities in Croatia, a distribution map is provided. Detailed morphological and leaf anatomy descriptions are given. Morphological affinities with similar species, O. excapum and O. refractum, are also briefly discussed, and an identification key is given. All Croatian populations of O. sibthorpii proved to be diploids with chromosome number 2n = 18.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-002
Ana Terlević, Jacob Koopman, H. Więcław, I. Rešetnik, S. Bogdanović
The occurrence of Carex phyllostachys (Cyperaceae) in the Croatian flora is documented here for the first time. This rare Euro-Caucasian species was found in June 2019 in deciduous sub-Mediterranean Quercus pubescens-Carpinus orientalis forests on Mt Mosor in central Dalmatia. This record represents the north-western distribution limit of this species. The habitat and ecology of C. phyllostachys in the Croatian flora is presented, and morphological similarities with allied species (C. distachya and C. illegitima) are discussed. An identification key for Carex species belonging to the subgenus Indocarex in Croatia is provided.
{"title":"Carex phyllostachys (Cyperaceae), a new species in Croatia","authors":"Ana Terlević, Jacob Koopman, H. Więcław, I. Rešetnik, S. Bogdanović","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-002","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of Carex phyllostachys (Cyperaceae) in the Croatian flora\u0000is documented here for the first time. This rare Euro-Caucasian species\u0000was found in June 2019 in deciduous sub-Mediterranean Quercus pubescens-Carpinus orientalis forests on Mt Mosor in central Dalmatia. This record represents the north-western distribution limit of this species. The habitat and ecology of C. phyllostachys in the Croatian flora is presented, and morphological similarities with allied species (C. distachya and C. illegitima) are discussed. An identification key for Carex species belonging to the subgenus Indocarex in Croatia is provided.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.37427/botcro-2021-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-008
T. Raycheva, K. Stoyanov, S. Naimov, Elena Apostolova-Kuzova
Crocus adamioides Kernd. et Pasche, as it is currently known, was originally treated as C. biflorus Mill. subsp. adamii B. Mathew in the flora of Bulgaria by Mathew (1982) and verified by Rukšāns (2017). The taxon was afterwards described as a separate species (Kerndorff et al. 2012), the holotype being collected in Kırklareli Province, European Turkey. The species was for the first time mapped in two floristic regions of Bulgaria. The diagnostic characters based on the general morphology and leaf anatomy were defined from the natural populations of the species and compared to the type specimen and relevant data from the literature. The phylogenetic position of the species was clarified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS: ITS1 + 5.SsrDNA + ITS2) and comparison of the obtained sequence with those annotated in NCBI. A phylogenetic tree was built using Bayesian phylogeny. Results have shown the highest degree of phylogenetic similarity with C. adamioides from Turkey. The closest relative C. ranjeloviciorum Kernd., Pasche, Harpke et Raca remains in the proximity. Our morphological, anatomical and molecular analyses have revealed that the Bulgarian population shows a peculiar combination of characters specific to C. adamioides.
藏红花。et Pasche，正如目前所知，最初被视为C. biflorus Mill。无性系种群。adamii B. Mathew在保加利亚植物区系中的研究(Mathew, 1982)，并经Rukšāns(2017)验证。该分类群后来被描述为一个单独的物种(Kerndorff et al. 2012)，其全型标本收集于土耳其欧洲部分Kırklareli省。该物种首次在保加利亚的两个区系绘制。从该物种的自然居群中定义了基于一般形态和叶片解剖的诊断特征，并与模式标本和文献中的相关数据进行了比较。通过内部转录间隔区(ITS: ITS1 + 5)的测序，明确了该物种的系统发育位置。SsrDNA + ITS2)，并与NCBI中标注的序列进行比较。采用贝叶斯系统发育方法构建了系统发育树。结果表明，该品种与土耳其产的C. adamioides具有高度的系统发育相似性。最近的亲戚C. ranjeloviciorum Kernd。帕什，哈普克和拉卡仍然在附近。我们的形态学、解剖学和分子分析表明，保加利亚种群显示出一种特定于C. adamioides的特殊特征组合。
{"title":"Crocus adamioides (Iridaceae) in the Bulgarian flora","authors":"T. Raycheva, K. Stoyanov, S. Naimov, Elena Apostolova-Kuzova","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-008","url":null,"abstract":"Crocus adamioides Kernd. et Pasche, as it is currently known, was originally treated as C. biflorus Mill. subsp. adamii B. Mathew in the flora of Bulgaria by Mathew (1982) and verified by Rukšāns (2017). The taxon was afterwards described as a separate species (Kerndorff et al. 2012), the holotype being collected in Kırklareli Province, European Turkey. The species was for the first time mapped in two floristic regions of Bulgaria. The diagnostic characters based on the general morphology and leaf anatomy were defined from the natural populations of\u0000the species and compared to the type specimen and relevant data from the literature. The phylogenetic position of the species was clarified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS: ITS1 + 5.SsrDNA + ITS2) and comparison of the obtained sequence with those annotated in NCBI. A phylogenetic tree was built using Bayesian phylogeny. Results have shown the highest degree of phylogenetic similarity with C. adamioides from Turkey. The closest relative C. ranjeloviciorum Kernd., Pasche, Harpke et Raca remains in the proximity.\u0000Our morphological, anatomical and molecular analyses have revealed that\u0000the Bulgarian population shows a peculiar combination of characters specific to C. adamioides.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.37427/botcro-2021-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43058823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-006
M. Tekin, Şeyda Akdere
In this study, the root, stem, leaf midrib and leaf lamina anatomy and achene micromorphology of the Turkish critically endangered endemic Achillea sivasica were investigated for the first time. In this study, the root was found in late primary growth and in early secondary growth stage. It has a large cortex layer consisting of 12-16 cell rows beneath the periderm. Secretory ducts formed by 5-12 secretory cells embedded in the cortex and located near the vascular bundle were found at the root, which was in the early stage of secondary development. The stem was circular-pentagonal in cross-section. There was lamellar collenchyma beneath epidermis of pentagon corners, and cortex parenchyma between corners. Secretory ducts located near the phloem, between the cortex and endodermis on the interfascicular region, were also observed. An endodermis layer was evident and its cells have indentations and protrusions where they touch adjacent endodermis cells, which strengthens the connection between them. In addition, casparian strips were conspicuous in many endodermis cells. The leaf midrib area had a triangular cross section. There were secretory ducts, consisting of 4-5 secretory cells observed on both sides of the sclerenchymatous fibers that accompany the xylem. The leaf lamina was amphistomatic and stomata type was anomocytic. Mesophyll layer was equifacial. There was a large secretory duct and its diameter is bigger than the nearest main lamina vascular bundle. Achene shape of A. sivasica was lanceolate-oblong and its surface was ribbed and glabrous.
{"title":"Anatomical investigations of the Turkish critically endangered species: Achillea sivasica Çelik et Akpulat (Asteraceae)","authors":"M. Tekin, Şeyda Akdere","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-006","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the root, stem, leaf midrib and leaf lamina anatomy and achene micromorphology of the Turkish critically endangered endemic Achillea sivasica were investigated for the first time. In this study, the root was found in late primary growth and in early secondary growth stage. It has a large cortex layer consisting of 12-16 cell rows beneath\u0000the periderm. Secretory ducts formed by 5-12 secretory cells embedded in the cortex and located near the vascular bundle were found at the root, which was in the early stage of secondary development. The stem was circular-pentagonal in cross-section. There was lamellar collenchyma\u0000beneath epidermis of pentagon corners, and cortex parenchyma between corners. Secretory ducts located near the phloem, between the cortex and\u0000endodermis on the interfascicular region, were also observed. An endodermis layer was evident and its cells have indentations and protrusions where they touch adjacent endodermis cells, which strengthens the connection between them. In addition, casparian strips were conspicuous in many endodermis cells. The leaf midrib area had a triangular cross section. There were secretory ducts, consisting of 4-5 secretory cells observed on both sides of the sclerenchymatous fibers that accompany the xylem. The leaf lamina was amphistomatic and stomata type was anomocytic. Mesophyll layer was equifacial. There was a large secretory duct and its diameter is bigger than the nearest main lamina vascular bundle. Achene shape of A. sivasica was lanceolate-oblong and its surface was ribbed and glabrous.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.37427/botcro-2021-006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-21DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2020-029
Renata Biba, P. Cvjetko, M. Tkalec, P. Štefanić, Jasenka Šabarić, Mirela Jukić, Sandra Šikić, B. Balen
Extensive commercialization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) raises the risk of their accumulation in the soil-plant system. Once released into the environment, AgNPs are prone to chemical transformations, which make it hard to determine whether their phytotoxic effects are purely NP-related or a consequence of released Ag+ ions. In this study the effects of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 μM AgNPs and AgNO3 on seed germination and early growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings were compared. Additionally, the effects on photosynthetic performance and pigment content were investigated. Germination rate and index values indicated delayed and slower germination in some AgNP treatments. Lower AgNP concentrations stimulated root growth, but induced a prominent reduction in fresh weight. By contrast, all AgNO3 concentrations inhibited root growth but only the higher ones decreased fresh weight. Obtained results imply that the observed AgNP toxicity could be ascribed to NP form and can be correlated with high AgNP stability in the solid medium. On the other hand, the majority of AgNP and AgNO3 treatments induced an increase in chlorophyll content that was accompanied by significantly lower values of relative electron transport rate and coefficient of photochemical quenching, implying an inhibition of the electron transport chain. A similar impact of AgNPs and AgNO3 on photosynthesis can be correlated with lower stability of AgNPs in a liquid medium, resulting in AgNP aggregation and dissolution of Ag+ ions.
{"title":"Silver nanoparticles affect germination and photosynthesis in tobacco seedlings","authors":"Renata Biba, P. Cvjetko, M. Tkalec, P. Štefanić, Jasenka Šabarić, Mirela Jukić, Sandra Šikić, B. Balen","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2020-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-029","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive commercialization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) raises the risk of their accumulation in the soil-plant system. Once released into the environment, AgNPs are prone to chemical transformations, which make\u0000it hard to determine whether their phytotoxic effects are purely NP-related or a consequence of released Ag+ ions. In this study the effects of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 μM AgNPs and AgNO3 on seed germination and early growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings\u0000were compared. Additionally, the effects on photosynthetic performance and pigment content were investigated. Germination rate and index values\u0000indicated delayed and slower germination in some AgNP treatments. Lower\u0000AgNP concentrations stimulated root growth, but induced a prominent reduction in fresh weight. By contrast, all AgNO3 concentrations inhibited root growth but only the higher ones decreased fresh weight. Obtained results imply that the observed AgNP toxicity could be ascribed\u0000to NP form and can be correlated with high AgNP stability in the solid medium. On the other hand, the majority of AgNP and AgNO3 treatments induced an increase in chlorophyll content that was accompanied by significantly lower values of relative electron transport rate and coefficient of photochemical quenching, implying an inhibition of the electron transport chain. A similar impact of AgNPs and AgNO3 on photosynthesis can be correlated with lower stability of AgNPs in a liquid medium, resulting in AgNP aggregation and dissolution of Ag+ ions.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.37427/botcro-2020-029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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