Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2022-004
D. Stešević, Đ. Milanović, Milica Stanišić-Vujačić, U. Šilc
Floristic investigations on the eastern part of Adriatic coast in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina led to the discovery of three glasswort taxa new for the area: Arthrocaulon macrostachyum (Moric.) Piirainen et G. Kadereit and Salicornia procumbens Sm. subsp. procumbens and S. perennis Mill. All three taxa were recorded in the abandoned basins of Tivat Saline in Montenegro, while S. perennis was also found in the Klek Peninsula in Bosnia and Hercegovina. According to the IUCN criteria, the status of the newly reported taxa was classified as “critically endangered” (CR) in both countries.
对黑山和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那亚得里亚海海岸东部的植物区系调查发现了该地区新的三个玻璃草分类群：Arthrocaulon macrostachyum（Moric.）Piirainen et G.Kadereit和Saliconia procumbens Sm.subsp。平菇和S.perennis Mill。这三个分类群都被记录在黑山的蒂瓦特盐水废弃盆地中，而S.perennis也被发现在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的克莱克半岛。根据国际自然保护联盟的标准，新报告的分类群在两国都被列为“极度濒危”（CR）。
{"title":"New records of Salicornia s.l. in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"D. Stešević, Đ. Milanović, Milica Stanišić-Vujačić, U. Šilc","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2022-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2022-004","url":null,"abstract":"Floristic investigations on the eastern part of Adriatic coast in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina led to the discovery of three glasswort taxa new for the area: Arthrocaulon macrostachyum (Moric.) Piirainen et G. Kadereit and Salicornia procumbens Sm. subsp. procumbens\u0000and S. perennis Mill. All three taxa were recorded in the abandoned basins of Tivat Saline in Montenegro, while S. perennis was also found in the Klek Peninsula in Bosnia and Hercegovina. According to the IUCN criteria, the status of the newly reported taxa was classified as “critically endangered” (CR) in both countries.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49386633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-028
M. Gavrilović, P. Janaćković
In this study, the micromorphology of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the endemic Centaurea glaberrima Tausch subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek (Asteraceae), using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is presented for the first time. Uniseriate whip-like non-glandular and biseriate glandular trichomes are found on the surface of all aboveground parts (stem, leaves, peduncles, involucral bract). On the adaxial leaf epidermis ribbed thickenings (striation pattern) of outer periclinal cell walls, slightly curved anticlinal cell walls and anomocytic stomata are noticed. Rugose abaxial surface with thorny protuberances of the involucral bract is documented. Corolla is glabrous with longitudinally parallel epidermal cells with distinct straight outline. Isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolporate microechinate pollen grains are seen. Short stylar hairs, without cuticular striations, are present along the outer sides of the style, while the inner sides (abaxial surface) constitute the papillate stigmatic surface. Microcharacters found in cypsela are as follows: slightly ribbed body; rotund base; lateral and concave insertion; short, unicellular curly acute trichomes; smooth epidermis; fine-sulcate ornamentation; rod shaped epidermal cells with short, obtuse end walls and straight anticlinal walls; poorly developed minutely dentate pericarp rim; and dimorphic pappus with bristles of different length and morphology, with pinnules restricted to the margins of the bristles. The results obtained contribute to knowledge about the micromorphology of the studied endemic species and provide features for its better identification. The taxonomic significance of the analyzed characters is discussed. Some well defined microcharacters of the studied species might have taxonomic value
{"title":"Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae)","authors":"M. Gavrilović, P. Janaćković","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-028","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the micromorphology of the vegetative\u0000and reproductive structures of the endemic Centaurea\u0000glaberrima Tausch subsp. divergens\u0000(Vis.) Hayek (Asteraceae), using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is\u0000presented for the first time. Uniseriate whip-like non-glandular and biseriate\u0000glandular trichomes are found on the surface of all aboveground parts (stem,\u0000leaves, peduncles, involucral bract). On the adaxial leaf epidermis ribbed\u0000thickenings (striation pattern) of outer periclinal cell walls, slightly curved\u0000anticlinal cell walls and anomocytic stomata are noticed. Rugose abaxial\u0000surface with thorny protuberances of the involucral bract is documented.\u0000Corolla is glabrous with longitudinally parallel epidermal cells with distinct\u0000straight outline. Isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolporate microechinate\u0000pollen grains are seen. Short stylar hairs, without cuticular striations, are\u0000present along the outer sides of the style, while the inner sides (abaxial\u0000surface) constitute the papillate stigmatic surface. Microcharacters found in\u0000cypsela are as follows: slightly ribbed body; rotund base; lateral and concave\u0000insertion; short, unicellular curly acute trichomes; smooth epidermis;\u0000fine-sulcate ornamentation; rod shaped epidermal cells with short, obtuse end\u0000walls and straight anticlinal walls; poorly developed minutely dentate pericarp\u0000rim; and dimorphic pappus with bristles of different length and morphology, with pinnules\u0000restricted to the margins of the bristles. The results obtained contribute to\u0000knowledge about the micromorphology of the studied endemic species and provide\u0000features for its better identification. The taxonomic significance of the analyzed\u0000characters is discussed. Some well defined microcharacters of the studied\u0000species might have taxonomic value","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45655699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-026
A. Butiuc-Keul, A. Coste, H. Budahn, F. Dunemann, A. Farkas, D. Postolache, E. Klocke
Hypericum perforatum, H. umbellatum, H. maculatum, and H. hircinum accessions originating from botanical gardens across Europe were examined by flow cytometry and molecular markers. 2C DNA content of 17 Hypericum perforatum accessions (Hp) and the H. perforatum cultivar Topaz amounted to between 1.56 pg and 1.62 pg. In four Hp accessions some individual plants were found with a DNA content corresponding to 6Cx (2.34 - 2.39 pg). All plants of accession Hp8 showed a DNA content of 6Cx (2.41 pg). In root tips of Hp plants with an average DNA amount of 1.58 pg, 32 chromosomes were detected, corresponding to 2n = 4x. This is the first ploidy and/or DNA content report for H. umbellatum, H. maculatum and H. hircinum. H. umbellatum and H. maculatum, each contained 0.76 pg DNA and 16 chromosomes were counted. The 2C DNA content of H. hircinum was 1.00 pg with the best metaphase plate revealing 32 chromosomes. Additionally, a combined marker analysis, based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), was conducted to gain a better understanding of diversity especially within the accessions of H. perforatum. A total of 27 (11 ISSR and 16 SRAP) primer combinations were screened, showing 699 bands, of which 661 were polymorphic. UPGMA clustering revealed that accessions from the same geographic area tended to be more closely related, while H. maculatum was grouped separately from all H. perforatum accessions. Both methods have shown similar sensitivities in detecting the genetic diversity of the analyzed genotypes. Our results may be useful for Hypericum breeding programs and the development of effective conservation strategies.
{"title":"Analysis of Hypericum accessions by DNA fingerprinting and flow cytometry","authors":"A. Butiuc-Keul, A. Coste, H. Budahn, F. Dunemann, A. Farkas, D. Postolache, E. Klocke","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-026","url":null,"abstract":"Hypericum perforatum, H. umbellatum, H. maculatum, and H. hircinum accessions originating from botanical gardens across Europe were examined by flow cytometry and molecular markers. 2C DNA content of 17 Hypericum perforatum accessions (Hp) and the H. perforatum cultivar Topaz amounted to between 1.56 pg and 1.62 pg. In four Hp accessions some individual plants were found with a DNA content corresponding to 6Cx (2.34 - 2.39 pg). All plants of accession Hp8 showed a DNA content of 6Cx (2.41 pg). In root tips of Hp plants with an average DNA amount of 1.58 pg, 32 chromosomes were detected, corresponding to 2n = 4x. This\u0000is the first ploidy and/or DNA content report for H. umbellatum, H. maculatum and H. hircinum. H. umbellatum and H. maculatum, each contained 0.76 pg DNA and 16 chromosomes were counted. The 2C DNA content of H. hircinum was 1.00 pg with the best metaphase plate revealing 32 chromosomes. Additionally, a combined marker analysis, based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), was conducted to gain a better understanding of diversity especially within the accessions of H. perforatum. A total of 27 (11 ISSR and 16 SRAP) primer combinations were\u0000screened, showing 699 bands, of which 661 were polymorphic. UPGMA clustering revealed that accessions from the same geographic area tended\u0000to be more closely related, while H. maculatum was grouped separately from all H. perforatum accessions. Both methods have shown similar sensitivities in detecting the genetic diversity of the analyzed genotypes. Our results may be useful for Hypericum breeding programs and\u0000the development of effective conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42718713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2022-001
Toshik Iarley da Silva, Marlon Gomes Dias, J. A. Saraiva Grossi, Wellington Souto Ribeiro, Paulo José de Moraes, Fernanda Ferreira de Araújo, José Geraldo Barbosa
The salinity of the soil and irrigation water is one of the great challenges of agriculture. Salinity can have harmful effects on physiological processes and plant growth, including Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae). The application of phytohormones can be a strategy to mitigate these effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and polyamine as attenuators of salt stress in T. majus. Three levels of salt stress were used: 0 mM NaCl (no stress), 50 mM NaCl (moderate stress) and 100 mM NaCl (severe stress). Four phytohormones and a control treatment were used: control (deionized water), jasmonic acid (200 µM), salicylic acid (2 mM), cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine – 10 µM) and polyamine (spermine – 1 mM). Growth and gas exchange parameters were evaluated. Applied in conditions of moderate salt stress, all the phytohormones were efficient in improving plant height and leaf area (except salicylic acid); cytokinin and polyamine improved the number of flowers as well as gs, A and iCE; jasmonic acid improved the stem dry mass and total dry mass. In relation to severe salt stress, applications of jasmonic acid and polyamine were efficient in improving plant height; cytokinin improved leaf dry mass as well as gs, A, E, WUE, iWUE and iCE. The application of cytokinin, polyamine and jasmonic acid can be used to mitigate moderate salt stress in T. majus.
土壤和灌溉用水的盐度是农业面临的巨大挑战之一。盐度会对植物的生理过程和生长产生有害的影响，其中包括Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae)。植物激素的应用可能是减轻这些影响的一种策略。本研究旨在探讨茉莉酸、水杨酸、细胞分裂素和多胺作为盐胁迫衰减剂的应用价值。采用0 mM NaCl(无胁迫)、50 mM NaCl(中度胁迫)和100 mM NaCl(重度胁迫)三个盐胁迫水平。采用四种植物激素和对照处理:对照(去离子水)、茉莉酸(200µM)、水杨酸(2 mM)、细胞分裂素(6-苄基氨基嘌呤- 10µM)和多胺(精胺- 1 mM)。对生长和气体交换参数进行了评价。在中等盐胁迫条件下，除水杨酸外，其余激素均能有效提高植株高度和叶面积;细胞分裂素和多胺提高了花数，提高了gs、A和iCE;茉莉酸提高了茎干质量和总干质量。在重度盐胁迫下，施用茉莉酸和多胺能有效提高株高;细胞分裂素提高了叶片干质量、gs、A、E、WUE、iWUE和iCE。细胞分裂素、多胺和茉莉酸的应用可以缓解大叶参的中度盐胁迫。
{"title":"Application of phytohormones as attenuators of salt stress in Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae)","authors":"Toshik Iarley da Silva, Marlon Gomes Dias, J. A. Saraiva Grossi, Wellington Souto Ribeiro, Paulo José de Moraes, Fernanda Ferreira de Araújo, José Geraldo Barbosa","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2022-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2022-001","url":null,"abstract":"The salinity of the soil and irrigation water is one of the great challenges of agriculture. Salinity can have harmful effects on physiological processes and plant growth, including Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae). The application of phytohormones can be a strategy to mitigate these effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and polyamine as\u0000attenuators of salt stress in T. majus. Three levels of salt stress were used: 0 mM NaCl (no stress), 50 mM NaCl (moderate stress) and 100 mM NaCl (severe stress). Four phytohormones and a control treatment were\u0000used: control (deionized water), jasmonic acid (200 µM), salicylic acid\u0000(2 mM), cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine – 10 µM) and polyamine (spermine\u0000– 1 mM). Growth and gas exchange parameters were evaluated. Applied in conditions of moderate salt stress, all the phytohormones were efficient\u0000in improving plant height and leaf area (except salicylic acid); cytokinin and polyamine improved the number of flowers as well as gs, A and iCE; jasmonic acid improved the stem dry mass and total dry mass. In\u0000relation to severe salt stress, applications of jasmonic acid and polyamine were efficient in improving plant height; cytokinin improved leaf dry mass as well as gs, A, E, WUE, iWUE and iCE. The application of\u0000cytokinin, polyamine and jasmonic acid can be used to mitigate moderate\u0000salt stress in T. majus.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44975913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-015
H. Eroğlu, M. Karaismailoğlu, S. M. Pinar, M. Fidan
This study presents the first in-depth evaluation of the morphological and anatomical characters, as well as their taxonomic importance, of the seeds of 36 taxa in subgenera Muscari, Leopoldia, Pseudomuscari and Botryanthus of the genus Muscari in Turkey, where 24 of the taxa are endemic. The results indicate that the taxa generally differ from each other in terms of seed shape and dimension. Seed dimensions vary between 1.66 mm and 3.21 mm in length, and between 1.12 mm and 2.63 mm in width. The seed surface ornamentation is grouped into nine forms: ruminate, reticulate, reticulate-areolate, reticulatefoveate, alveolate, scalariform, rugose, verrucate and areolate. The most common type is ruminate, while areolate, reticulate-foveate and scalariform ornamentation forms were found to be taxon-specific. Testa structures of the taxa examined consist in general of two different layers: the epidermis and the subepidermis in scleranchymatous or parenchymatous structures. The subepidermis may be absent in some of taxa. The structure and thickness of the epidermis and the subepidermis are very important characteristics that disclose interspecific relations among the examined taxa. We also provide a key for the identification of the studied taxa based on seed features.
{"title":"Seed micromorphology and anatomy of 36 Muscari (Asparagaceae) taxa from Turkey with notes on their systematic importance","authors":"H. Eroğlu, M. Karaismailoğlu, S. M. Pinar, M. Fidan","doi":"10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-015","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the first in-depth evaluation of the morphological and anatomical characters, as well as their taxonomic importance, of the seeds of 36 taxa in subgenera Muscari, Leopoldia, Pseudomuscari and Botryanthus of the genus Muscari in Turkey, where 24 of the taxa are endemic. The results indicate that the taxa generally differ from each other in terms of seed shape and dimension. Seed dimensions vary between 1.66 mm and 3.21 mm in length, and between 1.12 mm and 2.63 mm in width. The seed surface ornamentation is grouped into nine forms: ruminate, reticulate, reticulate-areolate, reticulatefoveate, alveolate, scalariform, rugose, verrucate and areolate. The most common type is ruminate, while areolate, reticulate-foveate and scalariform ornamentation forms were found to be taxon-specific. Testa structures of the taxa examined consist in general of two different layers: the epidermis and the subepidermis in scleranchymatous or parenchymatous structures. The subepidermis may be absent in some of taxa. The structure and thickness of the epidermis and the subepidermis are very important characteristics that disclose interspecific relations among the examined taxa. We also provide a key for the identification of the studied taxa based on seed features.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44094119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-016
Anita Dedić, D. Hafner, Anamarija Antunović, J. Kamberović, Svjetlana Stanić-Koštroman, M. Kelly
– The aims of this paper were to describe seasonal changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of diatom taxa and the potential application of benthic diatoms for ecological status evaluation. Diatom indices (IPS and TI) were calculated from data from three different locations along a longitudinal profile of the Bunica, a small karstic river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 147 taxa were recorded in 12 samples. The most common taxa were Meridion circulare (Greville) C.Agardh and Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère. Physical and chemical analyses showed low concentrations of nutrients, good oxygenation, typical pH for carbonate bed/origin and generally oligotrophic conditions and high ecological status. All sites had similar physico-chemical conditions and there were only few seasonal differences. Ordination of the diatom data showed that samples showed neither longitudinal nor seasonal patterns. Median value for IPS (16.8) and for TI (7.3) can be possible ‘‘expected’’ values for ecological status assessment for small karstic rivers in the Mediterranean region. We propose the use of the phytobenthos Intercalibration Common Metric (pICM - an index that combines the IPS and TI) as a national metric for countries developing WFD diatom methods at a late stage. One situation is described, and a solution, which is potentially transferable to other locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and also to other countries facing similar challenges.
{"title":"Biodiversity and seasonal distribution of benthic diatom assemblages as an indicator of water quality of small karstic river in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Anita Dedić, D. Hafner, Anamarija Antunović, J. Kamberović, Svjetlana Stanić-Koštroman, M. Kelly","doi":"10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-016","url":null,"abstract":"– The aims of this paper were to describe seasonal changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of diatom taxa and the potential application of benthic diatoms for ecological status evaluation. Diatom indices (IPS and TI) were calculated from data from three different locations along a longitudinal profile of the Bunica, a small karstic river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 147 taxa were recorded in 12 samples. The most common taxa were Meridion circulare (Greville) C.Agardh and Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère. Physical and chemical analyses showed low concentrations of nutrients, good oxygenation, typical pH for carbonate bed/origin and generally oligotrophic conditions and high ecological status. All sites had similar physico-chemical conditions and there were only few seasonal differences. Ordination of the diatom data showed that samples showed neither longitudinal nor seasonal patterns. Median value for IPS (16.8) and for TI (7.3) can be possible ‘‘expected’’ values for ecological status assessment for small karstic rivers in the Mediterranean region. We propose the use of the phytobenthos Intercalibration Common Metric (pICM - an index that combines the IPS and TI) as a national metric for countries developing WFD diatom methods at a late stage. One situation is described, and a solution, which is potentially transferable to other locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and also to other countries facing similar challenges.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47127424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-014
K. Süveges, A. Molnár, A. Mesterházy, J. Budai, R. Fekete
– This paper reports the occurrence of a North American salt-tolerant taxon, Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M.Peterson et N.Snow in Hungary (Central-Europe). Two earlier Hungarian observations of D. fusca were known from 1915, near Győr (West Transdanubia), later the taxon was collected by Pénzes in 1958, in downtown Budatétény (central Hungary. Both observations seem to be occasional. Recently, the taxon has started spreading in Europe, mainly on rice paddy fields, with a serious invasion potential. In North America its appearance on ruderal habitats, as well as along roads and other linear infrastructures is a well known phenomenon. The Hungarian population was found near Cegléd (Central Hungary) on the roadside of the E40 primary main road in September 2018. In July 2019 more than one thousand (mostly vegetative) individuals were detected. The salt content of the habitat shows remarkable temporal and spatial variability. At one meter distance from the edge of the paved road soil salt content was higher in spring (after the winter de-icing regime), than in autumn. Salt concentration was highest in the vicinity of the road, and decreased with increasing distance from it. Germination tests revealed a significant negative effect of NaCl concentration on germination rates, but germination occurred even on extremely saline substrates with 1.5% NaCl concentration. Considering its biology and reproduction strategy, the further spread of Diplachne fusca is highly presumable.
{"title":"Emergence of a new salt-tolerant alien grass along roadsides? Occurrence of Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Poaceae) in Hungary","authors":"K. Süveges, A. Molnár, A. Mesterházy, J. Budai, R. Fekete","doi":"10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-014","url":null,"abstract":"– This paper reports the occurrence of a North American salt-tolerant taxon, Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M.Peterson et N.Snow in Hungary (Central-Europe). Two earlier Hungarian observations of D. fusca were known from 1915, near Győr (West Transdanubia), later the taxon was collected by Pénzes in 1958, in downtown Budatétény (central Hungary. Both observations seem to be occasional. Recently, the taxon has started spreading in Europe, mainly on rice paddy fields, with a serious invasion potential. In North America its appearance on ruderal habitats, as well as along roads and other linear infrastructures is a well known phenomenon. The Hungarian population was found near Cegléd (Central Hungary) on the roadside of the E40 primary main road in September 2018. In July 2019 more than one thousand (mostly vegetative) individuals were detected. The salt content of the habitat shows remarkable temporal and spatial variability. At one meter distance from the edge of the paved road soil salt content was higher in spring (after the winter de-icing regime), than in autumn. Salt concentration was highest in the vicinity of the road, and decreased with increasing distance from it. Germination tests revealed a significant negative effect of NaCl concentration on germination rates, but germination occurred even on extremely saline substrates with 1.5% NaCl concentration. Considering its biology and reproduction strategy, the further spread of Diplachne fusca is highly presumable.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45517206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-012
M. Ebadi, Rosa Eftekharian
– Senecio vulgaris L., an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae, is widely distributed in different regions of the world. There is no information on the intraspecific variations of the morphological and molecular features of this species. In the present investigation, we studied the morphological and genetic diversity of 81 accessions of S. vulgaris collected from 10 geographical populations. Eleven inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for the examination of genetic variations among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and G ST analyses revealed significant differences among the investigated populations. A significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was revealed by the Mantel test. However, reticulation analysis indicated the occurrence of gene flow among most of the populations studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that the number of capitula, length of the cauline leaf and plant height were the most variable morphological characters. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot revealed two groups of populations, according to molecular and morphological data. The results suggested the existence of possible intraspecific taxonomic ranks within this species.
{"title":"Morphological and genetic diversity of Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) in Iran","authors":"M. Ebadi, Rosa Eftekharian","doi":"10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-012","url":null,"abstract":"– Senecio vulgaris L., an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae, is widely distributed in different regions of the world. There is no information on the intraspecific variations of the morphological and molecular features of this species. In the present investigation, we studied the morphological and genetic diversity of 81 accessions of S. vulgaris collected from 10 geographical populations. Eleven inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for the examination of genetic variations among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and G ST analyses revealed significant differences among the investigated populations. A significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was revealed by the Mantel test. However, reticulation analysis indicated the occurrence of gene flow among most of the populations studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that the number of capitula, length of the cauline leaf and plant height were the most variable morphological characters. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot revealed two groups of populations, according to molecular and morphological data. The results suggested the existence of possible intraspecific taxonomic ranks within this species.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45086521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-013
Mahmoud O. Hassan, Howida Y. Mohamed, A. H. Aboellil
– Pruning Ficus trees in urban green spaces may lead to the accumulation and spread of their leaf litter on the understory vegetation. This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Ficus retusa L. leaf litter on the understory species in urban gardens. A field study showed that the plant cover and species richness of litter-affected plots were lower than those of litter-free areas. The litter-affected soils had substantially lower pH and higher electrical conductivity. In a greenhouse experiment, litter-affected soil significantly inhibited the emergence and growth of understory species selected for the purpose of this study: Melilotus indicus (L.) All. , Trifolium resupinatum L. and Amaranthus viridis L. Osmotic potentials equivalent to those of the litter-affected soils did not affect emergence or growth of these species. A spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the litter-affected soils contained larger amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. An HPLC analysis revealed that the litter-affected soils contained higher concentrations of free phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals. These results demonstrate that F . retusa leaf litter may reduce plant cover and species richness. The significant inhibition in both field and greenhouse experiments could be attributed to phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals released from the tree litter, as the osmotic potential of the litter had no effect on the understory species. The allelopathic potential of F. retusa leaf litter plays at least a partial role in reducing urban vegetation.
{"title":"Allelopathic potential of Ficusretusa L. leaf litter on understory vegetation in urban gardens","authors":"Mahmoud O. Hassan, Howida Y. Mohamed, A. H. Aboellil","doi":"10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/BOTCRO-2021-013","url":null,"abstract":"– Pruning Ficus trees in urban green spaces may lead to the accumulation and spread of their leaf litter on the understory vegetation. This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Ficus retusa L. leaf litter on the understory species in urban gardens. A field study showed that the plant cover and species richness of litter-affected plots were lower than those of litter-free areas. The litter-affected soils had substantially lower pH and higher electrical conductivity. In a greenhouse experiment, litter-affected soil significantly inhibited the emergence and growth of understory species selected for the purpose of this study: Melilotus indicus (L.) All. , Trifolium resupinatum L. and Amaranthus viridis L. Osmotic potentials equivalent to those of the litter-affected soils did not affect emergence or growth of these species. A spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the litter-affected soils contained larger amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. An HPLC analysis revealed that the litter-affected soils contained higher concentrations of free phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals. These results demonstrate that F . retusa leaf litter may reduce plant cover and species richness. The significant inhibition in both field and greenhouse experiments could be attributed to phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals released from the tree litter, as the osmotic potential of the litter had no effect on the understory species. The allelopathic potential of F. retusa leaf litter plays at least a partial role in reducing urban vegetation.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2021-025
D. Iamonico
Habrosia (Sagineae, Caryophyllaceae) is a genus that includes only H. spinuliflora, a species occurring in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey (Irano-Turanian floristic chorological element). Based on the available molecular data published in 2011, Habrosia appears to be nested in a Minuartia-clade, which includes taxa currently recognized under the genus Sabulina. Consequently, Habrosia should be treated as a genus to be included in Sabulina. However, the molecular tree published in 2011 considered only 9 Sabulina members whereas, according to the current concept, Sabulina is a genus comprising about 65 species. Unfortunately, the molecular phylogeny including a larger Sabulina sample published in 2014 did not include H. spinuliflora and the taxonomic position of Habrosia remains, therefore, uncertain. With the aim of verifying the correct position of Habrosia in the tribe Sagineae with respect to its relationship to Sabulina, a comprehensive molecular investigation based on ITS sequences, linked to detailed morphological data, is presented. The results obtained revealed that Habrosia is not part of Sabulina. A detailed description of H. spinuliflora, its ecological preference, and a distribution map are provided. Eventually, the name Arenaria spinulifolia (basionym of H. spinuliflora) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at G (barcode G00212963).
{"title":"Habrosia (Caryophyllaceae) a monotypic genus endemic to Western Asia","authors":"D. Iamonico","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2021-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-025","url":null,"abstract":"Habrosia (Sagineae, Caryophyllaceae) is a genus that includes only H. spinuliflora, a species occurring in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey (Irano-Turanian floristic chorological element). Based on the available molecular data published in 2011, Habrosia appears to be nested in a Minuartia-clade, which includes taxa currently recognized under the genus Sabulina. Consequently, Habrosia should be treated as a genus to be included in Sabulina. However, the molecular tree published in 2011 considered only 9 Sabulina members whereas, according to the current concept, Sabulina is a genus comprising about 65 species. Unfortunately, the molecular phylogeny including a larger Sabulina sample published in 2014 did not include H. spinuliflora and the taxonomic position of Habrosia remains, therefore, uncertain. With the aim of verifying the correct position of Habrosia in the tribe Sagineae with respect to its relationship to Sabulina, a comprehensive molecular investigation based on ITS sequences, linked to detailed morphological data, is presented. The results obtained revealed that Habrosia is not part of Sabulina. A detailed description of H. spinuliflora, its ecological preference, and a distribution map are provided. Eventually, the name Arenaria spinulifolia (basionym of H. spinuliflora) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at G (barcode G00212963).","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44900821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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