Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s12540-023-01620-6
Ruyue Tang, Jing Zhang, Bingcheng Li, Quan Dong
The poor ductility of magnesium (Mg) alloys at room temperature restricts its large-scale usage in industry. In this work, we design low-alloying Mg-3Li−xEr(x = 0.2, 0.8 wt%) alloys with high ductility. Quasi-in-situ electron back-scatter diffraction observation, combined with slip trace analysis and in-grain misorientation axes analysis, was carried out to systematically characterize the microstructural evolution and slip deformation mode during the tensile deformation of the Mg-3Li-xEr alloys. The results showed that the synergy effect of solute Li and Er dramatically reduces the critical resolved shear stress ratios between non-basal and basal slip, thus contributing to the activation of considerable non-basal dislocations. Additionally, Er microalloying increases the frequency of grain boundaries with misorientation angles (θs) being in the range of 75 < θs < 90°, enhancing intergranular coordination ability by activating more basal-slip-induced prismatic < a > slips.
Graphical abstract
镁（Mg）合金在室温下的延展性较差，限制了其在工业中的大规模应用。在这项研究中，我们设计了具有高延展性的低合金 Mg-3Li-xEr（x = 0.2，0.8 wt%）合金。通过准原位电子反向散射衍射观测，结合滑移轨迹分析和晶粒内错向轴分析，系统地表征了 Mg-3Li-xEr 合金拉伸变形过程中的微观结构演变和滑移变形模式。结果表明，溶质 Li 和 Er 的协同效应显著降低了非基底滑移和基底滑移之间的临界分辨剪应力比，从而促进了大量非基底位错的激活。此外，Er微合金化增加了晶界错向角（θs）在75 < θs < 90°范围内的频率，通过激活更多基底滑移诱发的棱柱位错来提高晶间协调能力。
{"title":"Developing a High Ductility Mg Alloy Via Non-basal Slips and Intergranular Coordination Induced by Li and Er Addition","authors":"Ruyue Tang, Jing Zhang, Bingcheng Li, Quan Dong","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01620-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01620-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The poor ductility of magnesium (Mg) alloys at room temperature restricts its large-scale usage in industry. In this work, we design low-alloying Mg-3Li−<i>x</i>Er(<i>x</i> = 0.2, 0.8 wt%) alloys with high ductility. Quasi-in-situ electron back-scatter diffraction observation, combined with slip trace analysis and in-grain misorientation axes analysis, was carried out to systematically characterize the microstructural evolution and slip deformation mode during the tensile deformation of the Mg-3Li-<i>x</i>Er alloys. The results showed that the synergy effect of solute Li and Er dramatically reduces the critical resolved shear stress ratios between non-basal and basal slip, thus contributing to the activation of considerable non-basal dislocations. Additionally, Er microalloying increases the frequency of grain boundaries with misorientation angles (<i>θ</i><sub>s</sub>) being in the range of 75 < θ<i>s</i> < 90°, enhancing intergranular coordination ability by activating more basal-slip-induced prismatic < a > slips.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"1849 - 1863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s12540-023-01623-3
Elina Akbarzadeh, Koray Yurtışık, C. Hakan Gür, Tohid Saeid, Reza Tavangar
This study investigates the influence of the shielding gas composition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured duplex stainless steel. The choice of shielding gas influences the quality and performance of these steels in various industries. Three shielding gases, namely Ar, Ar + 2wt%O2 (Ar–O), and Ar + 2wt%N2 (Ar–N) were used for the deposition of walls with 2209 duplex stainless steel wire. Extensive microstructural analysis and mechanical property evaluations were performed. Based on microscopic observations, the walls produced under different gases exhibited varying inclusion levels, primarily composed of silicon-rich oxide inclusions, with the Ar–O sample exhibiting the highest inclusion concentration at 1.5 vol%. Moreover, the microstructure of all samples consisted of ferrite and austenite phases with different austenite morphologies, with intergranular austenite dominating in the Ar–O sample. In three samples, different degrees of preferred orientation were found in both the ferrite and austenite phases. In this regard, the Ar and Ar–O samples had the strongest and weakest texture, respectively, owing to the influence of inclusions on the formation of a random texture. The microhardness mapping revealed the highest hardness of 250 HV in the Ar–N sample and the lowest hardness of 220 Hv in the Ar–O sample. Nitrogen's strengthening effect on austenite in the Ar–N sample and the higher austenite content in the Ar–O sample were believed to be responsible for these variations. Nanohardness indentations confirmed the lower hardness of austenite compared to ferrite, corroborating the overall lower hardness observed in the Ar–O sample. The Ar–N sample exhibited the highest tensile strength and yield strength of 826 and 539 MPa, respectively in the horizontal direction, which is consistent with the observed hardness results. On the other hand, the Ar sample exhibited the highest elongation of all samples at 39%, which is consistent with its lower inclusion content.
{"title":"Influence of Shielding Gas on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Elina Akbarzadeh, Koray Yurtışık, C. Hakan Gür, Tohid Saeid, Reza Tavangar","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01623-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01623-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of the shielding gas composition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured duplex stainless steel. The choice of shielding gas influences the quality and performance of these steels in various industries. Three shielding gases, namely Ar, Ar + 2wt%O<sub>2</sub> (Ar–O), and Ar + 2wt%N<sub>2</sub> (Ar–N) were used for the deposition of walls with 2209 duplex stainless steel wire. Extensive microstructural analysis and mechanical property evaluations were performed. Based on microscopic observations, the walls produced under different gases exhibited varying inclusion levels, primarily composed of silicon-rich oxide inclusions, with the Ar–O sample exhibiting the highest inclusion concentration at 1.5 vol%. Moreover, the microstructure of all samples consisted of ferrite and austenite phases with different austenite morphologies, with intergranular austenite dominating in the Ar–O sample. In three samples, different degrees of preferred orientation were found in both the ferrite and austenite phases. In this regard, the Ar and Ar–O samples had the strongest and weakest texture, respectively, owing to the influence of inclusions on the formation of a random texture. The microhardness mapping revealed the highest hardness of 250 HV in the Ar–N sample and the lowest hardness of 220 Hv in the Ar–O sample. Nitrogen's strengthening effect on austenite in the Ar–N sample and the higher austenite content in the Ar–O sample were believed to be responsible for these variations. Nanohardness indentations confirmed the lower hardness of austenite compared to ferrite, corroborating the overall lower hardness observed in the Ar–O sample. The Ar–N sample exhibited the highest tensile strength and yield strength of 826 and 539 MPa, respectively in the horizontal direction, which is consistent with the observed hardness results. On the other hand, the Ar sample exhibited the highest elongation of all samples at 39%, which is consistent with its lower inclusion content.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"1977 - 1996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01628-6
Shuwei Zhou, Bing Yang, Shoune Xiao, Guangwu Yang, Tao Zhu
Interpretable machine learning (ML) has become a popular tool in the field of science and engineering. This research proposed a domain knowledge combined with ML method to increase interpretability while ensuring the accuracy of ML models and verifies the generality of the ML approach in fatigue crack growth (FCG) modelling. LZ50 steel single edge notch tension (SENT) specimens were tested for short crack (SC) growth rate and microstructure characterization under various R-controls. Based on the test results, the SC growth process was divided into 3 stages: microstructural short crack (0–145 μm), physical short crack (145–1000 μm), and long crack (1000 μm–fracture). Following the analysis of 8 semi-empirical FSCG rate equations with different driving forces, 6 impact variables that may affect the FCG rate characteristics were identified. Random forest and Pearson correlation analysis were used to investigate the influence of each feature on the FCG rate and the relationships among the features. The main influential features for the short crack symbolic regression (SCSR) model were found to be |ΔK–ΔKat|, Δγxy, |a–at|, and eα(1−R). After considering these 4 input features, the predicted FSCG rate equation generated by the SR model has a concise mathematical structure. Finally, an elastic net multiple linear regression method was proposed to determine the parameters of the predicted equation, while retaining the physical characteristics of each parameter. The SCSR model for SC demonstrated good prediction performance on various metallic materials.
Graphical Abstract
可解释的机器学习（ML）已成为科学和工程领域的流行工具。本研究提出了一种领域知识与 ML 相结合的方法，以提高可解释性，同时确保 ML 模型的准确性，并验证了 ML 方法在疲劳裂纹生长（FCG）建模中的通用性。在不同的 R 控制下，对 LZ50 钢单边缺口拉伸（SENT）试样进行了短裂纹（SC）生长率和微观结构特征测试。根据测试结果，将短裂纹的生长过程分为 3 个阶段：微观结构短裂纹（0-145 μm）、物理短裂纹（145-1000 μm）和长裂纹（1000 μm-断裂）。在对不同驱动力的 8 个半经验 FSCG 速率方程进行分析后，确定了可能影响 FCG 速率特征的 6 个影响变量。采用随机森林和皮尔逊相关分析法研究了各特征对 FCG 率的影响以及各特征之间的关系。结果发现，对短裂缝符号回归（SCSR）模型有影响的主要特征是|ΔK-ΔKat|、Δγxy、|a-at|和eα(1-R)。考虑了这 4 个输入特征后，SR 模型生成的预测 FSCG 率方程具有简明的数学结构。最后，提出了一种弹性网多元线性回归方法来确定预测方程的参数，同时保留了每个参数的物理特性。用于 SC 的 SCSR 模型在各种金属材料上都表现出了良好的预测性能。
{"title":"Interpretable Machine Learning Method for Modelling Fatigue Short Crack Growth Behaviour","authors":"Shuwei Zhou, Bing Yang, Shoune Xiao, Guangwu Yang, Tao Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01628-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01628-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interpretable machine learning (ML) has become a popular tool in the field of science and engineering. This research proposed a domain knowledge combined with ML method to increase interpretability while ensuring the accuracy of ML models and verifies the generality of the ML approach in fatigue crack growth (FCG) modelling. LZ50 steel single edge notch tension (SENT) specimens were tested for short crack (SC) growth rate and microstructure characterization under various <i>R</i>-controls. Based on the test results, the SC growth process was divided into 3 stages: microstructural short crack (0–145 μm), physical short crack (145–1000 μm), and long crack (1000 μm–fracture). Following the analysis of 8 semi-empirical FSCG rate equations with different driving forces, 6 impact variables that may affect the FCG rate characteristics were identified. Random forest and Pearson correlation analysis were used to investigate the influence of each feature on the FCG rate and the relationships among the features. The main influential features for the short crack symbolic regression (SCSR) model were found to be |Δ<i>K</i>–Δ<i>K</i><sub><i>a</i>t</sub>|, Δ<i>γ</i><sub><i>xy</i></sub>, |<i>a</i>–<i>a</i><sub>t</sub>|, and <i>e</i><sup><i>α</i>(1−<i>R</i>)</sup>. After considering these 4 input features, the predicted FSCG rate equation generated by the SR model has a concise mathematical structure. Finally, an elastic net multiple linear regression method was proposed to determine the parameters of the predicted equation, while retaining the physical characteristics of each parameter. The SCSR model for SC demonstrated good prediction performance on various metallic materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"1944 - 1964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1007/s12540-023-01622-4
K. P. Shinde, P. K. Chaturvedi, J. S. Oh, J. N. Park, K. Choi, D. Shin, J. Oh, S. Yi, K. Ku, S. Lee, C. H. Chung, Woo Yoon Park, Joon Sik Park
Zirconium based amorphous alloys are suitable for biomedical applications because of their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In this study, Zr48Cu36Al9Ag7 amorphous alloy was fabricated by arc melting and ingot converted into the plate-shaped amorphous alloy by the suction method in a water cooled copper mold. Scalpels of the amorphous alloy were fabricated by using the polishing method. The X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the amorphous nature of the Zr48Cu36Al9Ag7 alloy. Elemental confirmation of the amorphous alloy was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The hardness of amorphous alloy was compared with a commercial stainless steel scalpel. The observed corrosion potentials of the stainless steel scalpel and Zr48Cu36Al9Ag7 amorphous scalpel were − 0.6 V and − 0.4 V, respectively which confirms that the corrosion resistance of the amorphous alloy is better than stainless steel. The biomedical application of the Zr48Cu36Al9Ag7 amorphous alloy scalpel is supported by a comparative study that examined in vitro cytotoxicity, cell viability, and wound healing tests and compared it with the standard stainless steel scalpel.
{"title":"Fabrication and In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation of Zr48Cu36Al9Ag7 Amorphous Alloy Scalpel","authors":"K. P. Shinde, P. K. Chaturvedi, J. S. Oh, J. N. Park, K. Choi, D. Shin, J. Oh, S. Yi, K. Ku, S. Lee, C. H. Chung, Woo Yoon Park, Joon Sik Park","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01622-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01622-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zirconium based amorphous alloys are suitable for biomedical applications because of their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In this study, Zr<sub>48</sub>Cu<sub>36</sub>Al<sub>9</sub>Ag<sub>7</sub> amorphous alloy was fabricated by arc melting and ingot converted into the plate-shaped amorphous alloy by the suction method in a water cooled copper mold. Scalpels of the amorphous alloy were fabricated by using the polishing method. The X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the amorphous nature of the Zr<sub>48</sub>Cu<sub>36</sub>Al<sub>9</sub>Ag<sub>7</sub> alloy. Elemental confirmation of the amorphous alloy was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The hardness of amorphous alloy was compared with a commercial stainless steel scalpel. The observed corrosion potentials of the stainless steel scalpel and Zr<sub>48</sub>Cu<sub>36</sub>Al<sub>9</sub>Ag<sub>7</sub> amorphous scalpel were − 0.6 V and − 0.4 V, respectively which confirms that the corrosion resistance of the amorphous alloy is better than stainless steel. The biomedical application of the Zr<sub>48</sub>Cu<sub>36</sub>Al<sub>9</sub>Ag<sub>7</sub> amorphous alloy scalpel is supported by a comparative study that examined in vitro cytotoxicity, cell viability, and wound healing tests and compared it with the standard stainless steel scalpel.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"1794 - 1804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1007/s12540-023-01616-2
Kun Liu, Hao Wang, Jie Li, Shaoning Geng, Zhiwei Chen, Artem Okulov
Magnesium alloys, which are the lightest structural alloys and have a density that is around one-fourth that of steel, present tremendous potential for increasing the energy efficiency of the automobile and aerospace industries. Research on welding magnesium alloys has also increased rapidly as can be seen from journal publications. However, during the welding process, magnesium alloys are highly susceptible to solidification cracking, which prevents their usage in safety–critical applications. The article summarizes and reviews the research progress on solidification cracking of magnesium alloys during welding. The metallurgical and mechanical factors influencing solidification cracking of magnesium alloys are the primary areas of focus in this work. Models and methods for predicting solidification cracking susceptibility of magnesium alloys during welding was developed. More interesting findings on the liquid backfilling to heal cracks and effect of weld pool on solidification cracking were pointed out. The remedies to reduce solidification cracking during welding magnesium alloys were also reviewed so as to achieve high-quality welding and widen the application of magnesium alloys.
{"title":"A Review on Factors Influencing Solidification Cracking of Magnesium Alloys During Welding","authors":"Kun Liu, Hao Wang, Jie Li, Shaoning Geng, Zhiwei Chen, Artem Okulov","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01616-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01616-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnesium alloys, which are the lightest structural alloys and have a density that is around one-fourth that of steel, present tremendous potential for increasing the energy efficiency of the automobile and aerospace industries. Research on welding magnesium alloys has also increased rapidly as can be seen from journal publications. However, during the welding process, magnesium alloys are highly susceptible to solidification cracking, which prevents their usage in safety–critical applications. The article summarizes and reviews the research progress on solidification cracking of magnesium alloys during welding. The metallurgical and mechanical factors influencing solidification cracking of magnesium alloys are the primary areas of focus in this work. Models and methods for predicting solidification cracking susceptibility of magnesium alloys during welding was developed. More interesting findings on the liquid backfilling to heal cracks and effect of weld pool on solidification cracking were pointed out. The remedies to reduce solidification cracking during welding magnesium alloys were also reviewed so as to achieve high-quality welding and widen the application of magnesium alloys.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"1723 - 1742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139760670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceramics and metals are both common materials applied in various industries, due to their unique characteristics in terms of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Recently, ceramic–metal components with the attractive and excellent performance have gained popularity, and have been extensively exploited in aerospace, microelectronics and medical. However, conventional ceramic/metal joining methods, such as brazing, diffusion welding and friction welding, often lead to problems involving thermal residual stresses and impaired joint strength owing to mismatches in thermal expansion and interfacial bonding nature. Laser technique with the benefits of high precision, energy concentration and fast processing plays an increasingly prominent role in the joining of ceramics to metals. This review investigates the applications and limitations of brazing, diffusion welding and friction welding for the joining of ceramic to metal. Comprehensive analysis in the progress of research on continuous-wave laser joining, laser-assisted joining and pulsed laser joining of ceramic to metal is critically reviewed. The effects of laser parameters on the quality of joint are studied. Chemical properties, phase diagram, microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of metal/ceramic joints are systematically discussed, and some observations are reported. Finally, the article provides an overview on potential future strategies for laser joining of ceramics to metals, offering a creative thought for the fabrication of metal–ceramic composite structures. Therefore, this work can serve as the basis for the research of laser joining ceramics and metals.
{"title":"Laser Applications in Ceramic and Metal Joining: A Review","authors":"Zhanyong Zhao, Shamini Janasekaran, Go Tze Fong, Walisijiang Tayier, Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01618-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01618-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ceramics and metals are both common materials applied in various industries, due to their unique characteristics in terms of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Recently, ceramic–metal components with the attractive and excellent performance have gained popularity, and have been extensively exploited in aerospace, microelectronics and medical. However, conventional ceramic/metal joining methods, such as brazing, diffusion welding and friction welding, often lead to problems involving thermal residual stresses and impaired joint strength owing to mismatches in thermal expansion and interfacial bonding nature. Laser technique with the benefits of high precision, energy concentration and fast processing plays an increasingly prominent role in the joining of ceramics to metals. This review investigates the applications and limitations of brazing, diffusion welding and friction welding for the joining of ceramic to metal. Comprehensive analysis in the progress of research on continuous-wave laser joining, laser-assisted joining and pulsed laser joining of ceramic to metal is critically reviewed. The effects of laser parameters on the quality of joint are studied. Chemical properties, phase diagram, microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of metal/ceramic joints are systematically discussed, and some observations are reported. Finally, the article provides an overview on potential future strategies for laser joining of ceramics to metals, offering a creative thought for the fabrication of metal–ceramic composite structures. Therefore, this work can serve as the basis for the research of laser joining ceramics and metals.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"1743 - 1782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139760701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1007/s12540-023-01619-z
Shahin Ahmad, Alankar Alankar, Vilas Tathavadkar, K. Narasimhan
The flow behavior of the AA5052 alloy in a fully annealed state was analyzed across a range of temperatures: 25, 100, 200, and 300 °C, and five strain rates: 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 s−1. The flow curved depicted an inverse sensitivity with test temperature however, very little positive sensitivity was observed for strain rate at higher temperatures. Notably, type-B serrations were noted at temperatures below 100 °C and lower strain rates of 0.01 s−1. To quantify the flow behavior, three distinct prediction models were utilized: artificial neural network (ANN), Johnson–Cook (J–C) and Modified Arrhenius (M-A) model, where ANN model demonstrated notably enhanced prediction accuracy with Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE) of 1.77%, as compared 3.42% and 4.26% for J–C and M-A models, respectively. Furthermore, structure-property correlation was established by conducting electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis on identical tensile samples subjected to a strain of 17% under varying test conditions. The Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) was found to be higher (0.84°) at 0.01 s−1 strain rate as compared to 0.001 s−1 (0.74°) confirming the occurrence of dynamic recovery at lower strain rate. However, the maximum average Grain Orientation Spread (GOS) was found to be 3.6° at 300 °C and 0.001 s−1 strain rate confirming the absence of recrystallization at any of the test conditions due to the low strain level.
{"title":"Investigation of Tensile Flow Behavior of Al–Mg Alloy at Warm Temperature: Constitutive Modelling and Microstructural Evolution","authors":"Shahin Ahmad, Alankar Alankar, Vilas Tathavadkar, K. Narasimhan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01619-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01619-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The flow behavior of the AA5052 alloy in a fully annealed state was analyzed across a range of temperatures: 25, 100, 200, and 300 °C, and five strain rates: 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 s<sup>−1</sup>. The flow curved depicted an inverse sensitivity with test temperature however, very little positive sensitivity was observed for strain rate at higher temperatures. Notably, type-B serrations were noted at temperatures below 100 °C and lower strain rates of 0.01 s<sup>−1</sup>. To quantify the flow behavior, three distinct prediction models were utilized: artificial neural network (ANN), Johnson–Cook (J–C) and Modified Arrhenius (M-A) model, where ANN model demonstrated notably enhanced prediction accuracy with Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE) of 1.77%, as compared 3.42% and 4.26% for J–C and M-A models, respectively. Furthermore, structure-property correlation was established by conducting electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis on identical tensile samples subjected to a strain of 17% under varying test conditions. The Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) was found to be higher (0.84°) at 0.01 s<sup>−1</sup> strain rate as compared to 0.001 s<sup>−1</sup> (0.74°) confirming the occurrence of dynamic recovery at lower strain rate. However, the maximum average Grain Orientation Spread (GOS) was found to be 3.6° at 300 °C and 0.001 s<sup>−1</sup> strain rate confirming the absence of recrystallization at any of the test conditions due to the low strain level.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"1831 - 1848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139760772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1007/s12540-023-01615-3
Xiu Ye, Xiaojin Miao, Xiaojie Shi, Meiping Wu
Adding appropriate amount of copper to titanium alloy can improve the wear resistance, biological corrosion resistance and antimicrobial properties of titanium-based human implants. In this work, the effect of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process parameters (volumetric energy density, VED) on the forming quality and tribo-corrosion of Ti–4wt%Cu (Ti–4Cu) alloy was systematically investigated. The results revealed that the relative density and untreated surface roughness of the Ti–4Cu alloy fabricated by LPBF can reach 99.9% and 11.5 μm, respectively. The microstructure of Ti–4Cu at different volumetric energy densities alloy was mainly composed of acicular α-Ti phase and a small amount of Ti2Cu. In addition, the tribo-corrosion results confirmed that friction and corrosion are mutually promoting processes. Under the impact of the corrosion medium, Ti–4Cu alloy formed a loose and rough oxide film, which could be easily removed in the sliding friction process, thus accelerating the wear process, and the constant exposure of fresh surface caused by wear also accelerated the corrosion process. The volume wear rates under pure friction and tribo-corrosion conditions of the Ti–4Cu samples fabricated at VED of 66.67 J/mm3 were 1.03 * 10−6 mm2/N and 1.25 * 10−6 mm2/N, respectively. This work highlights the importance of VED on the microstructure and tribo-corrosion properties of LPBF-fabricated Ti–4Cu alloys, which is of great significance for broadening the medical applications of Ti–Cu alloys.
{"title":"Influence of Volumetric Energy Density on Microstructure Evolution and Tribo-Corrosion Properties of LPBF-Fabricated Ti–4Cu alloy","authors":"Xiu Ye, Xiaojin Miao, Xiaojie Shi, Meiping Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01615-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01615-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adding appropriate amount of copper to titanium alloy can improve the wear resistance, biological corrosion resistance and antimicrobial properties of titanium-based human implants. In this work, the effect of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process parameters (volumetric energy density, VED) on the forming quality and tribo-corrosion of Ti–4wt%Cu (Ti–4Cu) alloy was systematically investigated. The results revealed that the relative density and untreated surface roughness of the Ti–4Cu alloy fabricated by LPBF can reach 99.9% and 11.5 μm, respectively. The microstructure of Ti–4Cu at different volumetric energy densities alloy was mainly composed of acicular α-Ti phase and a small amount of Ti<sub>2</sub>Cu. In addition, the tribo-corrosion results confirmed that friction and corrosion are mutually promoting processes. Under the impact of the corrosion medium, Ti–4Cu alloy formed a loose and rough oxide film, which could be easily removed in the sliding friction process, thus accelerating the wear process, and the constant exposure of fresh surface caused by wear also accelerated the corrosion process. The volume wear rates under pure friction and tribo-corrosion conditions of the Ti–4Cu samples fabricated at VED of 66.67 J/mm<sup>3</sup> were 1.03 * 10<sup>−6</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/N and 1.25 * 10<sup>−6</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/N, respectively. This work highlights the importance of VED on the microstructure and tribo-corrosion properties of LPBF-fabricated Ti–4Cu alloys, which is of great significance for broadening the medical applications of Ti–Cu alloys.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"2023 - 2037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139760960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of varying solution temperatures on the microstructure, texture, and anisotropic behavior of mechanical properties in TA10 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni). Solution treatment gradually transforms the microstructure of the titanium alloy plate from an elongated α phase to a nearly equiaxial phase and subsequently to a Widmanstatten microstructure. Concurrently, the texture intensity and type undergo significant alterations. The anisotropy of mechanical properties in the plate with a T-type texture ({0001}⊥ND) is notably higher than that in the plate with a nearly B-type texture ({0001}//ND), owing to differing slip system initiation difficulties. In particular, the anisotropy of the titanium alloy plate is not solely dependent on texture intensity and is also intricately linked to the texture type and distribution. Specifically, the prismatic texture {10 (overline{1 }) 0} < 11 (overline{2 }) 0 > plays a central role in influencing tensile strength and yield strength anisotropy, while the directionality of the α phase primarily contributes to elongation anisotropy.
Graphical Abstract
本研究探讨了不同固溶温度对 TA10（Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni）微观结构、纹理和机械性能各向异性行为的影响。固溶处理使钛合金板的微观结构从拉长的 α 相逐渐转变为近似等轴相，随后又转变为维德曼施塔特微观结构。与此同时，纹理强度和类型也发生了显著变化。具有 T 型纹理（{0001}⊥ND）的板材的力学性能各向异性明显高于具有近似 B 型纹理（{0001}//ND）的板材，原因是滑移系统的启动难度不同。特别是，钛合金板的各向异性不仅取决于纹理强度，还与纹理类型和分布密切相关。具体来说，棱柱纹理{10 (overline{1 }) 0} < 11 (overline{2 }) 0 >在影响抗拉强度和屈服强度各向异性方面起着核心作用，而α相的方向性主要对伸长各向异性起作用。
{"title":"Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure, Texture, and Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties in TA10 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni) Sheet","authors":"Qiansi Wang, Yongkun Li, Rongfeng Zhou, Zhaoqiang Li, Lingzhi Xie, Lingzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01606-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01606-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of varying solution temperatures on the microstructure, texture, and anisotropic behavior of mechanical properties in TA10 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni). Solution treatment gradually transforms the microstructure of the titanium alloy plate from an elongated α phase to a nearly equiaxial phase and subsequently to a Widmanstatten microstructure. Concurrently, the texture intensity and type undergo significant alterations. The anisotropy of mechanical properties in the plate with a T-type texture ({0001}⊥ND) is notably higher than that in the plate with a nearly B-type texture ({0001}//ND), owing to differing slip system initiation difficulties. In particular, the anisotropy of the titanium alloy plate is not solely dependent on texture intensity and is also intricately linked to the texture type and distribution. Specifically, the prismatic texture {10 <span>(overline{1 })</span> 0} < 11 <span>(overline{2 })</span> 0 > plays a central role in influencing tensile strength and yield strength anisotropy, while the directionality of the α phase primarily contributes to elongation anisotropy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 6","pages":"1459 - 1478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.1007/s12540-023-01612-6
Hafiz Muhammad Rehan Tariq, Umer Masood Chaudry, Chung-Soo Kim, Tea-Sung Jun
This study investigates the influence of calcium (Ca) on grain boundary migration in pure magnesium (Mg) during annealing. Pure Mg and Mg-0.5Ca alloy samples undergo compression and subsequent annealing at various temperatures to reveal that the presence of Ca impedes grain growth through solute drag effects and Zenner pinning induced by Mg2Ca particles. The segregation of Ca solute atoms at grain boundaries imposes solute drag, reducing boundary mobility, while Mg2Ca intermetallic particles also act as barrier to grain boundary migration. The research demonstrates weakened basal texture and smaller grain size in Mg-0.5Ca, attributed to particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). Twin boundaries (TBs) also influence grain growth kinetics, with dislocation effects limiting grain coarsening at lower annealing temperatures. As annealing temperature increases, dislocation annihilation occurs, enabling freer grain boundary migration. Vickers hardness test was employed which revealed increased hardness in Mg-0.5Ca alloy because of stress accumulations arising from obstacles hindering the movement of dislocations, which are generated by solute elements and second-phase particles. Conversely, the reduction in hardness values as annealing temperature rises in both materials indicates a heightened dislocation annihilation process due to static recovery occurring at elevated temperatures.
{"title":"Effect of Calcium on the Rate of Grain Boundary Migration in Pure Magnesium During Annealing","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Rehan Tariq, Umer Masood Chaudry, Chung-Soo Kim, Tea-Sung Jun","doi":"10.1007/s12540-023-01612-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-023-01612-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of calcium (Ca) on grain boundary migration in pure magnesium (Mg) during annealing. Pure Mg and Mg-0.5Ca alloy samples undergo compression and subsequent annealing at various temperatures to reveal that the presence of Ca impedes grain growth through solute drag effects and Zenner pinning induced by Mg<sub>2</sub>Ca particles. The segregation of Ca solute atoms at grain boundaries imposes solute drag, reducing boundary mobility, while Mg<sub>2</sub>Ca intermetallic particles also act as barrier to grain boundary migration. The research demonstrates weakened basal texture and smaller grain size in Mg-0.5Ca, attributed to particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). Twin boundaries (TBs) also influence grain growth kinetics, with dislocation effects limiting grain coarsening at lower annealing temperatures. As annealing temperature increases, dislocation annihilation occurs, enabling freer grain boundary migration. Vickers hardness test was employed which revealed increased hardness in Mg-0.5Ca alloy because of stress accumulations arising from obstacles hindering the movement of dislocations, which are generated by solute elements and second-phase particles. Conversely, the reduction in hardness values as annealing temperature rises in both materials indicates a heightened dislocation annihilation process due to static recovery occurring at elevated temperatures.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 7","pages":"2038 - 2043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140491281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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