Metals and Materials International最新文献_第5页

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Based Superalloy Fabricated by Pulsed-Mode Arc-Based Additive Manufacturing Technology 基于脉冲模式电弧的增材制造技术制造的镍基超合金的微观结构和力学性能

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01674-0

R. Madesh, K. Gokul Kumar

The additive manufacturing technique has emerged as a prominent primary manufacturing technique on a global scale. Technological advances in the metal additive manufacturing process have made it a potentially revolutionary novel method to manufacture complicated structures in aerospace, energy, and construction industries. In the present study, Hastelloy C-22 thin-wall part was developed using a mechanized pulsed mode wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. The microstructural and mechanical strength characterization of the additively developed thin-wall part was investigated in the cross and transverse sections. The metallographic structure investigation of both sections revealed the existence of equiaxed, cellular, and elongated dendrites in the top, middle, and bottom regions, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) assessment revealed a increases in the concentration of Mo in the inter-dendritic regions of the thin-wall section, in contrast to the dendritic core regions. The pulsed mode process uses an increased cooling rate, which reduces elemental segregation, encourages a improved microstructure, and enhances better mechanical performance. In the electron-backscattered diffraction analysis, the mean grain size is 139.29 µm in the cross-section and 109.30 µm in the transverse section. The volume proportion of higher-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) is more significant than that of lower-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), increasing mechanical characteristics. The maximum Vickers microhardness values are attained in the transverse section, with measurements of 311 HV, 304 HV, and 300 HV at the top, middle, and bottom, respectively. Similarly, the mechanical strength also increased in the top region of the transverse section, with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 745 MPa ± 2.80. The fluctuation in mechanical strength can be related to the presence of microstructural heterogeneity. The present research examines the correlation between the microstructural and mechanical properties of a Hastelloy C-22 developed by robust wire arc additive manufactured.

Graphical Abstract

增材制造技术已成为全球范围内一种重要的初级制造技术。金属增材制造工艺的技术进步使其成为航空航天、能源和建筑行业制造复杂结构的潜在革命性新方法。在本研究中，使用机械化脉冲模式线弧快速成型制造（WAAM）工艺开发了哈氏合金 C-22 薄壁零件。在横截面和横截面上研究了添加剂开发的薄壁零件的微观结构和机械强度特征。对这两个截面的金相结构研究发现，在顶部、中部和底部区域分别存在等轴枝晶、蜂窝状枝晶和细长枝晶。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与能量色散光谱（EDS）评估显示，薄壁切片树枝状突起间区域的钼浓度有所增加，与树枝状突起核心区域形成鲜明对比。脉冲模式工艺提高了冷却速度，从而减少了元素偏析，改善了微观结构，提高了机械性能。在电子背散射衍射分析中，横截面上的平均晶粒大小为 139.29 微米，横截面上的平均晶粒大小为 109.30 微米。高角度晶界（HAGB）的体积比例比低角度晶界（LAGB）的体积比例更大，从而提高了机械性能。横截面上的维氏硬度值最大，顶部、中部和底部的维氏硬度值分别为 311 HV、304 HV 和 300 HV。同样，横截面顶部区域的机械强度也有所提高，极限抗拉强度（UTS）为 745 兆帕（± 2.80）。机械强度的波动可能与微结构异质性的存在有关。本研究探讨了鲁棒线弧添加剂制造的哈氏合金 C-22 的微观结构与机械性能之间的相关性。图文摘要

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Variation Ambient System on Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Al Alloy to Mg Alloy by the Addition of Nanoparticles and Interlayer 通过添加纳米粒子和夹层实现铝合金与镁合金的异种摩擦搅拌焊接时环境系统变化的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01670-4

Amin Abdollahzadeh, Behrouz Bagheri Vanani, Hamidreza Koohdar, Hamid Reza Jafarian

In the current study, conventional and underwater friction stir welded aluminum–magnesium joints to decrease heat input and control the formation and morphological properties of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMC) were investigated. The joining was incorporated by Zn interlayer and TiC nanoparticles to the interface of joints by providing a novel groove design on the adjacent side of magnesium to hinder nanoparticle dissipation during the welding process. The implemented rotation speeds were varied within 850–950 rpm under a constant traverse speed of 45 mm/min to achieve optimized joining parameters and sound joints with acceptable metallurgical bonding and mechanical interlocking. It was found that the changing of heat input plays the most significant effect on microstructure evolution, wettability, nanoparticle distribution, and IMC formation (Al₃Mg₂ and Al₁₂Mg₁₇). The joined sample produced at 950 rpm and 45 mm/min underwater friction stir welding (UWFSW) process reached the best microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. It was shown that the TiC particles play a significant role in the microstructure modification and enhanced mechanical properties of weld samples while the Zn foil interlayer plays a vital on avoiding the formation of Al-Mg IMC phases. Mg-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn IMCs, residual Zn, Al and Mg solid solution were observed as the most common phases in the boarded interfaces instead of the formation of the hard and brittle Al-Mg IMCs. The refinement microstructure, presence of thin IMCs, uniform distribution of nanoparticles, and controlled heat input in the stir zone (SZ) were shown as the fundamental reasons for a noticeable improvement in the mechanical properties of dissimilar weld samples by UWFSW. Also, brittle fracture mode was detected for most joint samples, while relative ductile fracture mode was also observed.

Graphical Abstract

本研究调查了传统和水下搅拌摩擦焊接铝镁接头，以减少热输入并控制脆性金属间化合物（IMC）的形成和形态特性。通过在镁的相邻一侧提供新颖的凹槽设计，在接合处的界面上加入 Zn 夹层和 TiC 纳米颗粒，以阻碍焊接过程中纳米颗粒的散失。在 45 毫米/分钟的恒定横移速度下，实施的旋转速度在 850-950 转/分钟范围内变化，以获得最佳的连接参数和具有可接受的冶金结合和机械互锁的完好接头。研究发现，热输入的变化对微观结构演变、润湿性、纳米颗粒分布和 IMC 形成（Al3Mg2 和 Al12Mg17）的影响最大。在 950 转/分、45 毫米/分的水下搅拌摩擦焊（UWFSW）工艺下生产的接合样品达到了最佳的微观结构演化和机械性能。结果表明，TiC 颗粒在焊接样品的微观结构改变和机械性能提高方面发挥了重要作用，而 Zn 箔夹层在避免形成 Al-Mg IMC 相方面发挥了重要作用。镁锌和镁铝锌 IMC、残余锌、铝和镁固溶体是板状界面中最常见的相，而不是形成硬脆的铝镁 IMC。细化的微观结构、薄 IMC 的存在、纳米颗粒的均匀分布以及搅拌区（SZ）内受控的热量输入，都是 UWFSW 显著改善异种焊接样品机械性能的根本原因。此外，在大多数接头样品中发现了脆性断裂模式，同时也观察到了相对的韧性断裂模式。

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引用次数: 0

Orientation Dependent Quasi-isentropic Tensile Behaviors of Body-Centered Cubic Tungsten Through Molecular Dynamics 通过分子动力学分析体心立方钨的定向依赖性各向同性拉伸行为

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01673-1

Yanchun Leng, Ziyi Li, Wensheng Liu, Yunzhu Ma, C. P. Liang

In this study, dynamic mechanical response and the corresponding atomic mechanisms of single-crystal tungsten under extreme strain rates (10⁹ s⁻¹) are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that crystal orientation plays an important role in the stress–strain relationship. The critical stresses for the beginning of plastic deformation are 59.4, 48.0, and 25.2 GPa for quasi-isentropic tensile loading along [111], [110], and [100] crystal orientations, respectively. The atomic behavior during plastic deformation suggests that [100] and [110] experience stress relaxation through phase transitions, while not in the [111] tensile direction. During spallation, sub-grain boundaries formed at twin junction in the [100] and [110] directions serve as nucleation sites for voids. The void grows in a planar way (along the twin) after generation, while stops growing at another misoriented twin junction. In the [111] tensile test, spallation occurs in the stress-concentration area, and finishes in a very short time interval with huge void coalescence. Our findings not only provide atomic insights into the anisotropic mechanical behaviors during spallation of tungsten under high strain rates, but also shed lights on the colorful plastic deformation behaviors from laser-shock experimental observation.

Graphical Abstract

本研究利用分子动力学模拟研究了单晶钨在极端应变速率（109 s-1）下的动态机械响应和相应的原子机制。结果表明，晶体取向在应力-应变关系中起着重要作用。对于沿 [111]、[110] 和 [100] 晶向的准各向同性拉伸加载，塑性变形开始时的临界应力分别为 59.4、48.0 和 25.2 GPa。塑性变形期间的原子行为表明，[100]和[110]通过相变经历了应力松弛，而[111]拉伸方向则没有。在剥落过程中，[100]和[110]方向孪晶交界处形成的亚晶界是空隙的成核点。空洞在生成后以平面方式（沿孪晶方向）生长，而在另一个方向错误的孪晶交界处停止生长。在[111]拉伸试验中，剥落发生在应力集中区域，并在很短的时间间隔内以巨大的空洞凝聚结束。我们的发现不仅从原子角度揭示了钨在高应变速率下各向异性的剥落力学行为，还从激光冲击实验观察中揭示了丰富多彩的塑性变形行为。图文摘要

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the High Temperature Tensile Strength of Fe36Ni36Cr10Mo1Al17 Alloy by Substituting Al with Si 用硅替代铝提高 Fe36Ni36Cr10Mo1Al17 合金的高温抗拉强度

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01676-y

Xiaoming Liu, Jianbin Wang, Yuhao Jia, Xindang He, Zhijun Wang, Feng He, Junjie Li, Jincheng Wang

By substituting Al with Si element, the Fe₃₆Ni₃₆Cr₁₀Mo₁Al_17−XSi_X (X = 0, 1, 2 and 4) alloys were prepared and their mechanical properties were tested at high temperature ranging from 600 to 800 °C. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the 4 alloys showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing when tested at 700 °C. All the alloys with Si added showed enhanced strength and elongation compared with the alloy without Si addition. Fe₃₆Ni₃₆Cr₁₀Mo₁Al₁₅Si₂ exhibited the highest yield strength of 516 MPa, ultimate strength of 570 MPa, and elongation of 13.1% at 700 °C. The 2% Si addition increases the ultimate strength by 102 MPa compared with Si0 alloy (468 MPa), which is attributed to the strengthened boundaries with addition of Si element. Moreover, the yield strength and ultimate strength of the Fe₃₆Ni₃₆Cr₁₀Mo₁Al₁₅Si₂ alloy represented a decreasing trend while elongation showed an increasing trend as temperature increased from 600 to 800 °C. The rapid reduction of the strength and increase of the elongation was originated from the rapid softening of the B2 phase at 800 °C compared with that of FCC phase.

Graphical abstract

通过用硅元素替代铝元素，制备出了 Fe36Ni36Cr10Mo1Al17-XSiX（X = 0、1、2 和 4）合金，并在 600 至 800 °C 高温条件下测试了它们的机械性能。在 700 °C 高温下进行测试时，4 种合金的屈服强度和极限抗拉强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势。与未添加硅的合金相比，所有添加了硅的合金的强度和伸长率都有所提高。Fe36Ni36Cr10Mo1Al15Si2 在 700 ℃ 时的屈服强度最高，为 516 兆帕，极限强度为 570 兆帕，伸长率为 13.1%。与 Si0 合金（468 兆帕）相比，添加 2% 的 Si 可使极限强度提高 102 兆帕，这归因于添加 Si 元素后边界得到了强化。此外，随着温度从 600 ℃升至 800 ℃，Fe36Ni36Cr10Mo1Al15Si2 合金的屈服强度和极限强度呈下降趋势，而伸长率则呈上升趋势。强度的快速降低和伸长率的快速增加是由于与 FCC 相相比，B2 相在 800 ℃ 时快速软化。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Machine Stiffness on the Portevin–Le Chatelier Effect of Ti-12Mo Alloy Based on a Modified McCormick Constitutive Model 基于修正的麦考密克构造模型的机器刚度对 Ti-12Mo 合金波特文-勒夏特列效应的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01669-x

Shiyuan Luo, Liang Xiao, Jun Jiang, Jia Li, Liangcai Zeng

An improved 3D FE model, considering machine stiffness effect and strain dependent parameters in an embedded modified McCormick’s constitutive model, is developed to numerically investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the PLC effect in Ti-12Mo alloy tensile tests. The material parameters of the modified McCormick’s model are calibrated in details, and the simulated results are compared with experiment and literature ones. Then, the influence of machine stiffness on the spatiotemporal behaviors of the PLC effect in Ti-12Mo alloy are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the improved FE model has a higher simulation accuracy in term of stress drop frequency. Moreover, the average stress drop magnitude decreases and the number of stress drops increases with the increase of machine stiffness, which are mainly owing to the decrease of aging time. Furthermore, the PLC band width decreases as increasing machine stiffness, which is attributed to the decrease of driving force for band nucleation. Besides, the continuous and hopping propagations of the PLC band are observed, and the propagation continuity obviously increases as increasing machine stiffness, which is mainly related to the increase of spatial coupling force.

Graphical Abstract

在嵌入式改进麦考密克构成模型中考虑了机器刚度效应和应变相关参数，开发了一种改进的三维有限元模型，用于数值研究钛-12Mo 合金拉伸试验中 PLC 效应的时空特征。详细标定了修正麦考密克模型的材料参数，并将模拟结果与实验和文献结果进行了比较。然后，定量分析了机器刚度对 Ti-12Mo 合金 PLC 效应时空行为的影响。结果表明，改进后的 FE 模型在应力下降频率方面具有更高的模拟精度。此外，随着机器刚度的增加，平均应力滴幅度减小，应力滴数量增加，这主要是由于时效时间的缩短。此外，PLC 带宽随着机器刚度的增加而减小，这是由于带核形成的驱动力减小所致。此外，还观察到 PLC 带的连续和跳跃传播，传播连续性随着机器刚度的增加而明显增加，这主要与空间耦合力的增加有关。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the Impact of Friction Stir Processing on the Hydrogen Embrittlement in AA6082-T6 Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloy 研究摩擦搅拌加工对 AA6082-T6 热处理铝合金氢脆的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01668-y

Ioannis G. Papantoniou, Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański, Beata Leszczyńska-Madej, Dimitrios E. Manolakos

This study investigates the impact of friction stir processing (FSP) on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in AA6082-T6 heat-treatable aluminum alloy. The effects of different number of FSP passes and different hydrogen cathodic charging (HCC) conditions on the material’s response to HE are examined through comprehensive mechanical testing, microhardness analysis, and microstructural characterization. The results revealed that FSP leads to a decrease in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and microhardness, accompanied by an increase in energy absorption. The introduction of hydrogen through HCC significantly reduces mechanical properties, particularly in non-FSPed specimens. Notably, specimens with 8 FSP passes exhibit an interesting behavior with a slight increase in energy absorption and microhardness values after HCC. Microstructural analysis shows that FSP refines the microstructure, resulting in enhanced resistance to hydrogen-induced blistering effects. These findings contribute to the understanding of hydrogen embrittlement in FSPed aluminum alloys, providing insights for developing surface-modified materials suited for hydrogen-rich applications.

Graphical Abstract

本研究探讨了摩擦搅拌加工（FSP）对 AA6082-T6 热处理铝合金氢脆（HE）的影响。通过综合机械测试、显微硬度分析和显微结构表征，研究了不同的 FSP 次数和不同的阴极充氢 (HCC) 条件对材料氢脆响应的影响。结果表明，FSP 导致屈服强度、极限拉伸强度和显微硬度下降，同时能量吸收增加。通过 HCC 引入氢会大大降低机械性能，特别是在非 FSP 试样中。值得注意的是，经过 8 次 FSP 处理的试样表现出一种有趣的行为，即在 HCC 之后能量吸收和显微硬度值略有增加。微观结构分析表明，FSP 精炼了微观结构，从而增强了抗氢致起泡效应的能力。这些发现有助于理解 FSP 铝合金中的氢脆，为开发适合富氢应用的表面改性材料提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystals in SLM-printed Ti64 Alloy Treated by Laser Shock Peening and Plasma Nitriding 通过激光冲击强化和等离子氮化处理的 SLM 印刷 Ti64 合金中纳米晶体的热稳定性

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01671-3

Jun Wang, Bo He, Caiyan Liu, Liang Lan, Shuang Gao, Yonghua Rong

This study focuses on the effect of a plasma nitriding (PN) process on the thermal stability of nanocrystalline on the surface of Ti-6Al-4 V (Ti64) titanium alloy, which is printed by selective laser melting (SLM) and subsequently treated by laser shock peening (LSP). The microstructure evolution of SLM-Ti64 titanium alloy treated sequentially by LSP and PN at different annealing temperatures was observed by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the average size of SLM-Ti64 alloy treated by LSP is 49.7 nm, even at 600 °C nanocrystals maintain thermal stability, which is attributed to the strong hinder effect of high-density dislocations on grain boundary migration. The microstructural characterization indicates that the nitrided layer is mainly composed of nanostructured TiN phase by PN at 600 °C, and the thermal stability of nanocrystals was further increased to 700 °C compared without nitriding, which is attributed to dispersed nanoscale TiN precipitates hindering the migration of grain boundaries by Zener pinning effect. Our work provides a method of preventing nanocrystalline coarsening in Ti64 alloy by PN.

Graphical Abstract

本研究的重点是等离子氮化（PN）工艺对 Ti-6Al-4 V（Ti64）钛合金表面纳米晶热稳定性的影响，该钛合金由选择性激光熔化（SLM）打印而成，随后经激光冲击强化（LSP）处理。通过 X 射线衍射、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了 SLM-Ti64 钛合金在不同退火温度下依次经 LSP 和 PN 处理后的微观结构演变。结果表明，经 LSP 处理的 SLM-Ti64 合金的平均尺寸为 49.7 nm，即使在 600 °C 下纳米晶体仍能保持热稳定性，这归因于高密度位错对晶界迁移的强烈阻碍作用。显微结构表征表明，600 ℃ 时氮化层主要由 PN 纳米结构 TiN 相组成，与未氮化相比，纳米晶体的热稳定性进一步提高到 700 ℃，这归因于分散的纳米级 TiN 沉淀通过齐纳针销效应阻碍了晶界迁移。我们的工作提供了一种通过 PN 防止 Ti64 合金中纳米晶粗化的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Laser Beam Oscillation Process on the Interlaminar Region of Inconel 625 Alloy Thin-Walled Structure Fabricated by Oscillating Laser Additive Manufacturing 激光束振荡过程对振荡激光快速成型技术制造的 Inconel 625 合金薄壁结构层间区域的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01660-6

Fuyuan Zhang, Yi Luo, Shuqing Yang, Yanrui Peng, Tao Yang, Juan Liu

In the multilayer thin-walled Inconel 625 alloy structures fabricated by the laser additive manufacturing (LAM) process, the poor plasticity of the interlaminar region often leads to structural fractures. In this paper, an oscillating LAM (O-LAM) technology using a transverse linear beam oscillation (LBO) process was proposed, and the effect of laser scanning speed on the forming accuracy, microstructure, crystallographic texture, and mechanical properties of interlaminar region was studied. The results show that the LBO process refined the grains and increased the number and length of high-angle grain boundaries in the interlaminar region. In addition, the LBO process with high laser scanning speed weakened the preferential orientation along the directions of laser scanning and deposition build-up. In particular, the dominant crystallographic textures of {(overline{1 }10)} <(overline{1 }overline{1 }1)> and {(overline{2 }21)} <(overline{1 }overline{1 }0)> in the interlaminar region were significantly reduced. The analysis of the Schmidt factor and the results of nano-indentation test show that the LBO process with high laser scanning speed reduced the stress concentration, and the elastic modulus and dislocation density in the interlaminar region. Therefore, the LBO process with high laser scanning speed can improve the plasticity and relieve the stress concentration of the interlaminar region, which is conducive to improving the overall mechanical properties of the Inconel 625 alloy multilayer thin-walled structure.

Graphical Abstract

在采用激光增材制造（LAM）工艺制造的多层薄壁 Inconel 625 合金结构中，层间区域的塑性较差往往会导致结构断裂。本文提出了一种采用横向线性光束振荡（LBO）工艺的振荡 LAM（O-LAM）技术，并研究了激光扫描速度对层间区域的成形精度、微观结构、晶体纹理和力学性能的影响。结果表明，LBO 工艺细化了晶粒，增加了层间区高角度晶界的数量和长度。此外，高激光扫描速度下的 LBO 工艺削弱了沿激光扫描和沉积堆积方向的优先取向。特别是，层间区域的{(overline{1 }10)} <(overline{1 }overline{1 }1)> 和{(overline{2 }21)} <(overline{1 }overline{1 }0)> 的主要晶体学纹理明显减少。对 Schmidt 因子和纳米压痕测试结果的分析表明，高激光扫描速度的 LBO 工艺降低了层间区域的应力集中、弹性模量和位错密度。因此，高激光扫描速度下的 LBO 工艺可以改善层间区域的塑性，缓解层间区域的应力集中，有利于提高 Inconel 625 合金多层薄壁结构的整体力学性能。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental Study of Dissimilar Double Pulse Resistance Spot Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel and Weathering Steel 奥氏体不锈钢和耐候钢异种双脉冲电阻点焊实验研究

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01667-z

Xiqing Li, Wei Liu, Yutong Chen, Zhiguo Zhang, Peiwei Bao

The aim of this study is to prevent thermal cracking in the fusion zone of dissimilar resistance spot weld, which arises due to the electrical and thermal conductivity differences of austenitic steel and weathering steel. Therefore, dissimilar double pulse resistance spot welding experiments were carried out on 4-mm-thick 301LN austenitic stainless steel and 09CuPCrNi weathering steel sheets. The first low-current pulse was used for prewelding, and the second high-current pulse was used for weld generation under a high electrode force. Under these conditions, satisfactory welds that met the welding criterion without thermal cracks or central shrinkage cavities were obtained. In the fusion zone of the double pulse weld, the phases present were lath martensite, δ-ferrite, austenite and phosphorus-rich eutectic. There was a small amount of austenite in this zone, and the eutectic appeared at the grain boundaries. The failure mode of the double pulse weld was pull-out fracture. Finally, the load-bearing capacity of the double pulse weld was 35% greater than that of the single pulse weld.

Graphical Abstract

摘要本研究的目的是防止由于奥氏体钢和耐候钢的导电性和导热性不同而在异种电阻点焊熔合区产生热裂纹。因此，对 4 毫米厚的 301LN 奥氏体不锈钢和 09CuPCrNi 耐候钢板进行了异种双脉冲电阻点焊实验。第一个低电流脉冲用于预焊，第二个高电流脉冲用于在高电极力下产生焊缝。在这些条件下，获得了符合焊接标准、无热裂纹或中心收缩空洞的满意焊缝。在双脉冲焊缝的熔合区，存在的相为板条马氏体、δ-铁素体、奥氏体和富磷共晶。该区域存在少量奥氏体，共晶出现在晶界处。双脉冲焊缝的失效模式为拉出断裂。最后，双脉冲焊缝的承载能力比单脉冲焊缝高 35%。图表摘要

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Carbon Nanotubes and Nickel-Plated Carbon Nanotubes on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNiCu High Entropy Alloy 碳纳米管和镀镍碳纳米管对 AlCoCrFeNiCu 高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01639-3

Jiahao Lv, Jinghong Du, Rong Hu, Shengyang He, Jiaxing Chen, Chaoqian Qin, Zilong Wang, Yi Gou, Rongrong Zhang

High entropy alloys AlCoCrFeNiCuCNTs(x) and AlCoCrFeNiCu(Ni-CNTs(x) (x = 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.2 wt%) were prepared by powder metallurgy. The effects of CNTs and nickel-plated CNTs content x on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the high entropy alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM, FESEM, Raman spectrum, hardness tests and compression tests. The results showed that the dispersion of nickel-plated CNTs in the alloy powder was obviously better than that of CNTs, and a large number of agglomerates will appear when the amount of CNTs and nickel-plated CNTs were too much. The defect degree of the high entropy alloy powder with Ni-CNTs(x) was higher than that of the high entropy alloy powder with CNTs(x). The high entropy alloys blocks with CNTs and nickel-plated CNTs were both BCC + FCC two-phase solid solution structures, and the micromorphology were composed of dendritic grains. Both CNTs and nickel-plated CNTs in appropriate amount refined grains, and nickel-plated CNTs had better grains refining effect. The hardness, compressive strength and compressive plasticity of high entropy alloys blocks first increased and then decreased with the increase of CNTs and nickel-plated CNTs, and reached the best value when the content was 0.5 wt%.

Graphical Abstract

通过粉末冶金制备了高熵合金 AlCoCrFeNiCuCNTs(x) 和 AlCoCrFeNiCu(Ni-CNTs(x) (x = 0.2 wt%、0.5 wt%、0.8 wt%、1.0 wt%、1.2 wt%)。通过 XRD、SEM、FESEM、拉曼光谱、硬度测试和压缩试验研究了 CNTs 和镀镍 CNTs 含量 x 对高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明，镀镍 CNTs 在合金粉末中的分散性明显优于 CNTs，当 CNTs 和镀镍 CNTs 的含量过多时，会出现大量团聚体。含 Ni-CNTs(x) 的高熵合金粉的缺陷度高于含 CNTs(x) 的高熵合金粉。含有 CNTs 的高熵合金块和镀镍 CNTs 均为 BCC + FCC 两相固溶体结构，微观形貌由树枝状晶粒组成。适量的 CNT 和镀镍 CNT 都能细化晶粒，其中镀镍 CNT 的细化效果更好。随着 CNTs 和镀镍 CNTs 含量的增加，高熵合金块的硬度、抗压强度和抗压塑性先增大后减小，当含量为 0.5 wt% 时达到最佳值。

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