Metals and Materials International最新文献_第6页

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Gd-Al Alloys: Influence of Initial Second-Phase Morphology Before Extrusion 挤压镁-钆-铝合金的微观结构和机械性能：挤压前初始第二相形态的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01665-1

Chao Wang, Zhening Yang, Guangxiao Ren, Hongxia Wang, Anguo Zhang, Kai Wang, Jin Wang, Lifei Wang, Kwang Seon Shin

The effect of the second-phase morphology on dynamic recrystallisation in a Mg–9Gd–0.8Al alloy during hot extrusion was investigated at a temperature of 400 ℃. Microstructure analysis of the as-cast Mg–9Gd–0.8Al alloy revealed a predominant composition comprising an α-Mg matrix, a petal-like (Mg,Al)₃Gd phase, and a lamellar Mg₅Gd phase along the grain boundary, along with a small proportion of a square Al₂Gd phase within the grain. Upon subjecting the alloy to a solid-solution treatment at 540 ℃, the lamellar phase underwent precipitation, eventually dissolving into the matrix as the treatment time increased. The recrystallisation volume fraction of the alloy showed a positive correlation with the solution time following hot extrusion at 400 ℃. The mechanical properties of the extruded alloy were tested, and the results revealed that the as-cast extruded alloy had the highest tensile strength of 317 MPa among the tested samples, mainly owing to its bimodal structure. Moreover, the broken (Mg,Al)₃Gd phase initiated particle-stimulated nucleation. Here, the extruded alloy subjected to 10 h of solution treatment exhibited the highest yield strength of 240 MPa. The increased yield strength was attributed to the presence of the broken (Mg,Al)₃Gd phase and the dispersion of lamellar (Mg,Al)₂Gd phases at the recrystallised grain boundaries. Notably, the alloy extruded with a treated solution for 50 h exhibited the most favourable plasticity compared to the others, achieving an elongation of 29.7%. These results underscore the significance of the study in understanding the relationship between the second-phase morphology and alloy behaviour after hot extrusion.

Graphical Abstract

在 400 ℃ 的热挤压过程中，研究了第二相形态对 Mg-9Gd-0.8Al 合金动态再结晶的影响。对铸态 Mg-9Gd-0.8Al 合金的微观结构分析表明，其主要成分包括α-镁基体、花瓣状（Mg,Al）3Gd 相、沿晶界的片状 Mg5Gd 相，以及晶粒内一小部分方形 Al2Gd 相。在 540 ℃ 下对合金进行固溶处理后，片状相发生沉淀，并随着处理时间的延长最终溶解到基体中。合金的再结晶体积分数与 400 ℃ 热挤压后的固溶时间呈正相关。对挤压合金的力学性能进行了测试，结果表明，在所有测试样品中，铸造挤压合金的抗拉强度最高，达到 317 兆帕，这主要归功于其双峰结构。此外，断裂的（Mg,Al）3Gd 相引发了颗粒刺激成核。在这里，经过 10 小时固溶处理的挤压合金显示出 240 兆帕的最高屈服强度。屈服强度的提高归因于断裂的（Mg,Al)3Gd 相的存在以及片状（Mg,Al)2Gd 相在再结晶晶界的分散。值得注意的是，与其他合金相比，用处理过的溶液挤压 50 小时的合金表现出最有利的塑性，伸长率达到 29.7%。这些结果凸显了该研究在理解第二相形态与热挤压后合金行为之间关系方面的重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Thin Titanium Plates Jointed by Coaxial Laser-Plasma Hybrid Welding 同轴激光-等离子混合焊接钛薄板的微观结构、纹理和力学性能

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01659-z

Detao Cai, Ziyi Luo, Weiqing Liu, Shanguo Han, Cong Chen, Khaskin Vladyslav, Yi Zhang

The coaxial laser-plasma hybrid welding provides a novel method for the composition of two heat sources and achieves gently transitional butt joints with wider upper surfaces. The influence of hybrid welding parameters on the weld appearance and composite plasma behaviors had been proved with a significant composite heat source effect previously; the effect of microstructure on its mechanical properties has been investigated and explored in this paper. Finite element computation based on temperature field simulation is conducted to shed more light on the heat distribution characteristics of this novel hybrid welding method. The temperature in the hybrid-dominated region is much higher than that in the laser-dominated region. The tensile strength of the hybrid welded joints is higher than the standard requirement of base metal, and fractured at the base metal with an obvious necking, indicating as ductile fracture. The nanohardness results show the hardness rank order of the weld zone, heat-affected zone and base metal. It is revealed that the grain refinement of acicular α' martensite and fine α_g particles, the increase of distribution of the geometric necessary dislocations and the large angle grain boundary proportion in the weld zone contribute to an increase in hardness, tensile strength of the hybrid welded joint of Ti–6Al–4V. It also discloses the reason why the tensile fracture location is on the base metal. This work provides a theoretical and practical basis for the application of thin titanium alloy welding, especially at high welding speed.

Graphical Abstract

同轴激光-等离子混合焊接为两种热源的组合提供了一种新方法，并实现了上表面较宽的平缓过渡对接接头。混合焊接参数对焊缝外观和复合等离子体行为的影响已得到证实，复合热源效应显著；本文研究并探讨了微观结构对其力学性能的影响。基于温度场模拟的有限元计算进一步揭示了这种新型混合焊接方法的热分布特征。混合焊接区域的温度远高于激光焊接区域。混合焊接接头的抗拉强度高于母材的标准要求，并且在母材断裂时有明显的缩颈现象，表明是韧性断裂。纳米硬度结果显示了焊接区、热影响区和母材的硬度等级顺序。结果表明，针状α'马氏体和细αg颗粒的晶粒细化、几何必要位错分布的增加以及焊接区大角度晶界比例的增加有助于提高 Ti-6Al-4V 混合焊接接头的硬度和抗拉强度。它还揭示了拉伸断裂位置在母材上的原因。这项工作为薄钛合金焊接，尤其是高速焊接的应用提供了理论和实践依据。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of Grain Refinement Induced by Mn Element in Wire Arc Addition Manufacturing Al-Mg Alloy 线弧添加制造铝镁合金过程中锰元素诱导晶粒细化的机理

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01664-2

Dun Miao, Jingyu Zhao, Xiang Cai, Zan Wang, Jian Zhou, Feng Xue

Two different Mn contents of Al-Mg-Mn alloy wires were employed for preparing wire arc addition manufacturing (WAAM) samples. The compositions of the as-deposited samples were Al-8.55Mg-0.39Mn and Al-8.67Mg-1.26Mn. During the wire additive manufacturing process, both Mg and Mn elements underwent significant volatilization. With the addition of Mn, the primary phases present included Al₈(FeMn)₅, Al₉(FeMn)₄, Al₁₁(FeMn)₄, and Mn atoms dissolved in the matrix. The addition of Mn significantly inhibited pore formation during the additive manufacturing process and refined the grain structure of the alloy. With an increase in Mn content, the average grain size in the deposited intermediate zone decreased from 72 μm to 37 μm. This grain refinement occurred through the process of repetitive melting and deposition in additive manufacturing. In the initial stages of solidification, the Al₈(FeMn)₅ phase preferentially precipitated from the liquid phase, forming irregular clustered structures but not serving as nucleation sites. The initially coarse columnar grains in the topmost layer after a single deposition transformed into fine equiaxed grain structures after multiple overlays. Additionally, the addition of Mn significantly improved the mechanical properties of the aged structure. The optimum mechanical properties were achieved after aging treatment at 470 °C for 6 h, with tensile strength, yield strength, and fracture elongation of 377 MPa, 202 MPa, and 29.2%, respectively. The improvement in mechanical properties after aging treatment primarily resulted from the precipitation strengthening effect of the Al₆Mn precipitate phase and the elimination of the intergranular Al₃Mg₂ segregation phase. The sizes of the Al₈(FeMn)₅, Al₉(FeMn)₄, and Al₁₁(FeMn)₄ phases did not undergo significant changes during the aging process.

Graphical Abstract

采用两种不同锰含量的铝镁锰合金丝制备了线弧加成制造（WAAM）样品。沉积样品的成分分别为 Al-8.55Mg-0.39Mn 和 Al-8.67Mg-1.26Mn。在线材添加制造过程中，镁和锰元素都发生了大量挥发。添加锰后，主要存在的相包括 Al8(FeMn)5、Al9(FeMn)4、Al11(FeMn)4 以及溶解在基体中的锰原子。锰的加入极大地抑制了添加制造过程中孔隙的形成，并完善了合金的晶粒结构。随着锰含量的增加，沉积中间区的平均晶粒大小从 72 μm 减小到 37 μm。这种晶粒细化是通过增材制造中的重复熔化和沉积过程实现的。在凝固的初始阶段，Al8(FeMn)5 相优先从液相中析出，形成不规则的团状结构，但不作为成核点。单层沉积后，最上层最初的粗柱状晶粒在多次叠加后转变为细小的等轴晶粒结构。此外，锰的添加还显著改善了老化结构的机械性能。在 470 °C 下时效处理 6 小时后，拉伸强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率分别为 377 兆帕、202 兆帕和 29.2%，达到了最佳机械性能。时效处理后机械性能的改善主要来自于 Al6Mn 沉淀相的沉淀强化作用和晶间 Al3Mg2 偏析相的消除。在时效处理过程中，Al8(FeMn)5、Al9(FeMn)4 和 Al11(FeMn)4 相的尺寸没有发生显著变化。

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引用次数: 0

Synergetic Effect of Sc Micro-alloying and Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Casting in 7A36 Aluminum Alloy with Enhanced Mechanical and Corrosion Properties 7A36 铝合金中 Sc 微合金化和低频电磁铸造的协同效应可提高机械和腐蚀性能

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01662-4

Lingfei Yang, Fang Yu, Chengcheng Chen, Yajun Xu, Zhaoxi Song, Jianzhong Cui, Xiangjie Wang

This study aims to investigate the combined effect of Sc micro-alloying and applying low-frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) on precipitation behavior, mechanical and corrosion properties of 7A36 aluminum alloy. The results indicate that when compared to the T6 state, the two-stage over-aging (T73) treatment causes the transformation of the grain interior η′ phases into coarser η′ and η phases and leads to a more distinct appearance of precipitate free zone (PFZ). The addition of Sc results in the discontinuous and coarser formation of grain boundary precipitates (GBPs), and the Al₃(Sc, Zr) phase particles contributes to the increased strength of 7A36 aluminum alloy. LFEC promotes the finer second phase and a finer distribution of grain interior precipitates, and dislocation movement bypasses a shorter distance and less energy is consumed, thus strength is decreased slightly. Meanwhile, the wider PFZ and the greater distribution spacing of the coarse GBPs contribute to a smaller intergranular fracture tendency, that's improve elongation of T6 and T73 alloys by 56.4% and 22.5% respectively, and contribute to improve corrosion resistance by blocking of intergranular corrosion channels. Based on the precipitation evolution, the synergy mechanism of Sc micro-alloying and LFEC processing is put forward in this paper.

Graphic Abstract

本研究旨在探讨 Sc 微合金化和应用低频电磁铸造 (LFEC) 对 7A36 铝合金的析出行为、机械性能和腐蚀性能的综合影响。结果表明，与 T6 状态相比，两阶段超时效（T73）处理会使晶粒内部的 η′ 相转变为更粗的η′ 和 η 相，并导致出现更明显的无沉淀区（PFZ）。添加 Sc 会导致晶界析出物 (GBP) 的不连续和更粗大的形成，而 Al3（Sc，Zr）相颗粒有助于提高 7A36 铝合金的强度。LFEC 促使第二相更细，晶粒内部析出物分布更细，位错运动绕过的距离更短，消耗的能量更少，因此强度略有下降。同时，更宽的 PFZ 和更大的粗 GBP 分布间距有助于降低晶间断裂倾向，使 T6 和 T73 合金的伸长率分别提高了 56.4% 和 22.5%，并通过阻塞晶间腐蚀通道提高了耐腐蚀性。本文基于析出演化过程，提出了 Sc 微合金化与 LFEC 加工的协同机理。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Rare Earth La on Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of A356 Aluminum Alloy 稀土 La 对 A356 铝合金微观结构、硬度和耐腐蚀性的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01654-4

Zijian Cheng, Hong Yan, Shuqing Zhang, Xiuliang Zou, Chuanliang Cao

The effects of rare earth La on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of A356 aluminum alloy were investigated by optical microscopys, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results showed that with the addition of rare earth La, the microstructure was refined, and both Si phases and β-Al₅FeSi phases were transformed from long needle-like to short rod-like. The optimal microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were obtained when 0.6 wt% La was added. Compared with A356 aluminum alloy (88.36 HV), the hardness of A356 aluminum alloy modified with 0.6 wt% La (106.83 HV) was increased by 20.1%. The results of the immersion corrosion test and electrochemical experiments showed that the corrosion current density of A356 aluminum alloy modified with 0.6 wt% La (132.51 μA cm⁻²) was 24.8% lower than that of the matrix (176.24 μA cm⁻²), and the polarization resistance (668.56 Ω cm²) was 235.2% higher than that of the matrix (199.47 Ω cm²). This may be because the addition of rare earth La significantly reduced the cathode phases grain size in the corrosion micro-battery as well as the formation of intermetallic compounds containing rare earth La, leading to a decrease in the reaction rate of the cathode during corrosion.

Graphical Abstract

通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散光谱和 X 射线衍射研究了稀土 La 对 A356 铝合金微观结构、硬度和耐腐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明，添加稀土 La 后，铝合金的微观结构得到细化，Si 相和β-Al5FeSi 相均由长针状转变为短棒状。当添加 0.6 wt% La 时，合金获得了最佳的微观结构和机械性能。与 A356 铝合金（88.36 HV）相比，添加 0.6 wt% La 改性的 A356 铝合金的硬度（106.83 HV）提高了 20.1%。浸泡腐蚀试验和电化学实验结果表明，用 0.6 wt% La 改性的 A356 铝合金的腐蚀电流密度（132.51 μA cm-2）比基体（176.24 μA cm-2）低 24.8%，极化电阻（668.56 Ω cm2）比基体（199.47 Ω cm2）高 235.2%。这可能是因为稀土 La 的加入大大减小了腐蚀微电池中阴极相的晶粒尺寸，同时形成了含有稀土 La 的金属间化合物，导致阴极在腐蚀过程中的反应速率降低。

{"title":"Effect of Rare Earth La on Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of A356 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Zijian Cheng, Hong Yan, Shuqing Zhang, Xiuliang Zou, Chuanliang Cao","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01654-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01654-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of rare earth La on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of A356 aluminum alloy were investigated by optical microscopys, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results showed that with the addition of rare earth La, the microstructure was refined, and both Si phases and β-Al<sub>5</sub>FeSi phases were transformed from long needle-like to short rod-like. The optimal microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were obtained when 0.6 wt% La was added. Compared with A356 aluminum alloy (88.36 HV), the hardness of A356 aluminum alloy modified with 0.6 wt% La (106.83 HV) was increased by 20.1%. The results of the immersion corrosion test and electrochemical experiments showed that the corrosion current density of A356 aluminum alloy modified with 0.6 wt% La (132.51 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>) was 24.8% lower than that of the matrix (176.24 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>), and the polarization resistance (668.56 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>) was 235.2% higher than that of the matrix (199.47 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>). This may be because the addition of rare earth La significantly reduced the cathode phases grain size in the corrosion micro-battery as well as the formation of intermetallic compounds containing rare earth La, leading to a decrease in the reaction rate of the cathode during corrosion.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 9","pages":"2490 - 2502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of YSZ Particle Size and Content on Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of (CoCrFeNiAl)1−x(YSZ)x High Entropy Alloy Composites YSZ 粒径和含量对 (CoCrFeNiAl)1-x(YSZ)x 高熵合金复合材料显微结构、力学和摩擦学性能的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01656-2

M. Ghanbariha, M. Farvizi, S. A. Ataie, A. Alizadeh Samiyan, T. Liskiewicz, H. S. Kim

High entropy alloy composites (HEACs) have recently been explored for use in industrial applications. This study investigates the impact of particle size (micro or nano) and content (5 and 10 wt%) of YSZ on the microstructure and tribological properties of AlCoCrFeNi. The samples were prepared using a combination of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. XRD results and Rietveld analysis reveal that HEACs with micro-sized YSZ have a higher BCC/FCC ratio. FESEM and EDS results confirmed the evolution of Al-rich regions in the vicinity of the reinforcements. Especially, in HEA-10NanoYSZ-sample, due to higher interfacial regions, a huge amount of Al-rich phase has been formed which yields the reduction of BCC phase content in this sample. Microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests show that the samples reinforced with microparticles demonstrate better performance compared to nanocomposite samples. For example, HEA-10MicroYSZ-sample exhibits the highest hardness (5.1 GPa) and the lowest wear characteristics (with a coefficient of friction of 0.8 and a wear rate of 4 × 10⁻⁴ mm³/N.m). This can be correlated to the higher hardness and BCC phase content, and grain boundary strengthening in the microcomposites.

Graphical Abstract

高熵合金复合材料（HEACs）最近已被探索用于工业应用。本研究探讨了 YSZ 的粒度（微米或纳米）和含量（5 和 10 wt%）对 AlCoCrFeNi 的微观结构和摩擦学特性的影响。样品的制备采用了机械合金化和火花等离子烧结相结合的方法。XRD 结果和 Rietveld 分析表明，含有微量 YSZ 的 HEAC 具有更高的 BCC/FCC 比。FESEM 和 EDS 结果证实了增强材料附近富铝区域的演变。特别是在 HEA-10NanoYSZ 样品中，由于界面区域较高，形成了大量富铝相，从而降低了该样品中 BCC 相的含量。显微硬度和针盘磨损测试表明，与纳米复合材料样品相比，使用微颗粒增强的样品具有更好的性能。例如，HEA-10MicroYSZ 样品具有最高的硬度（5.1 GPa）和最低的磨损特性（摩擦系数为 0.8，磨损率为 4 × 10-4 mm3/N.m）。这与微复合材料较高的硬度和 BCC 相含量以及晶界强化有关。

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引用次数: 0

Elastic Modulus Prediction from Indentation Using Machine Learning: Considering Tip Geometric Imperfection 利用机器学习从压痕中预测弹性模量：考虑尖端几何缺陷

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01666-0

Jong-hyoung Kim, Dong-Yeob Kim, Junsang Lee, Soon Woo Kwon, Jongheon Kim, Seung-Kyun Kang, Sungeun Hong, Young-Cheon Kim

Instrumented indentation technique provides a simple and quick means to investigate mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus near the material surface. However, accurately predicting plastic pileup/sink-in during indentation remains a hurdle in calibrating real contact depth, affecting precise material property evaluation, especially in metallic materials. This study utilizes machine learning on extensive finite element analysis (FEA) data to exclusively predict elastic modulus from indentation curves. Leveraging comprehensive FEA data from sharp and spherical indentations across diverse material properties, our neural network-based models showcase impressive accuracy, achieving approximately 0.65 and 1.72% Mean Absolute Percentage Error for spherical and sharp indentations, respectively. Furthermore, we address the impact of indenter geometry imperfections on prediction accuracy. Through data normalization and subsequent transfer learning, we effectively minimize the MAPE deviation in predicted elastic modulus between results obtained from perfect and imperfect indenters.

Graphical Abstract

仪器压痕技术为研究材料表面附近的硬度和弹性模量等机械特性提供了一种简单快捷的方法。然而，准确预测压痕过程中的塑性堆积/沉入仍然是校准实际接触深度的一个障碍，会影响精确的材料属性评估，尤其是金属材料。本研究利用机器学习对大量有限元分析 (FEA) 数据进行分析，专门预测压痕曲线的弹性模量。利用尖锐压痕和球形压痕的综合有限元分析数据，我们基于神经网络的模型展示了令人印象深刻的准确性，球形压痕和尖锐压痕的平均绝对百分比误差分别达到约 0.65% 和 1.72%。此外，我们还解决了压头几何形状缺陷对预测精度的影响。通过数据归一化和随后的迁移学习，我们有效地最小化了完美压头和不完美压头预测结果之间的 MAPE 偏差。

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引用次数: 0

Study on Structural Variation of Sn–20% Pb Alloy Melt Subjected to Ultrasonic Vibration: An Electrical Characterization 受超声波振动影响的 Sn-20% Pb 合金熔体的结构变化研究：电特性分析

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01661-5

Zhaoyang Yin, Qichi Le, Weiyang Zhou, Liang Ren, Jianfeng Zhang, Qiyu Liao, Tong Wang

The electrical resistance variation of the Sn–20% Pb alloy melt subjected to ultrasonic vibration was investigated using four-electrode method. The modified energy band theory and cavitation dynamics simulation were employed to explain the experimental results. The ultrasonic vibration in the liquid disrupted the melt structure and enhanced the forced vibration of the atoms, resulting in a reversible liquid–liquid structural transformation and a sharp decrease in electrical resistance. The evolution of the optical microstructure suggested that the ultrasonic-induced refining and homogenizing effects of short-range ordered structures were time-sensitive. The numerical simulation of cavitation dynamics indicated that the structural variation was the substantial root for the electrical resistance change by ultrasonic irradiation, and the high energy required for the reversible structural variation was provided by the collapsing cavities.

Graphical Abstract

采用四电极法研究了锡-20% 铅合金熔体在超声波振动下的电阻变化。采用修正能带理论和空化动力学模拟来解释实验结果。液体中的超声波振动破坏了熔体结构，增强了原子的受迫振动，导致了可逆的液-液结构转变和电阻的急剧下降。光学微观结构的演变表明，超声波引起的短程有序结构的细化和均匀化效应具有时间敏感性。空化动力学数值模拟表明，结构变化是超声波辐照导致电阻变化的实质根源，而可逆结构变化所需的高能量则由塌陷空腔提供。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Silicide and α2 Phase on the Creep Behavior of TC25G Alloy at High Temperature 硅化物和 α2 相对 TC25G 合金高温蠕变行为的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01641-9

Zhuomeng Liu, Shewei Xin, Yongqing Zhao, Bohao Dang

TC25G alloy was heat treated at 950 °C/3 h, AC + 580 °C/6 h, AC and the bimodal structure with primary α phase + β transition structure was obtained. The creep properties of the alloy were tested in 550–600 °C/150–250 MPa. The results show that the precipitations of silicide and α₂ phase is accompanied by the creep process. α₂ phase plays a dispersion strengthening role in both the primary and steady-state creep stages. However, in the accelerated creep stage, the mechanism of α₂ phase and dislocation changes from cutting mechanism to bypassing mechanism, and the strengthening effect is weakened. Silicide inhibits grain boundary slip mainly in the primary creep stage, and inhibits dislocation slip in the steady-state and accelerated creep stages. At 550 °C, n = 1.6 and Q = 280–371 kJ/mol (150–250 MPa) indicate that the creep of the alloy is a self-diffusion process, and the creep deformation is mainly controlled by dislocation slip. At 570–600 °C, n = 3.2 indicates that the dislocation climb controls the creep deformation. Meanwhile, compared with Q = 274 kJ/mol at low stress (150 MPa), Q = 365 kJ/mol at the high stress (200–250 MPa) indicates that the second phase precipitation enhancement is enhanced.

Graphical Abstract

TC25G 合金在 950 °C/3 h, AC + 580 °C/6 h, AC 下进行热处理，获得了主α相 + β过渡结构的双峰结构。在 550-600 °C/150-250 MPa 下测试了合金的蠕变性能。结果表明，硅化物和 α2 相的析出伴随着蠕变过程。在初级蠕变和稳态蠕变阶段，α2 相都起到了分散强化的作用。然而，在加速蠕变阶段，α2 相和位错的作用机理由切割机理变为绕射机理，强化作用减弱。硅化物主要在初级蠕变阶段抑制晶界滑移，在稳态和加速蠕变阶段抑制位错滑移。在 550 °C 时，n = 1.6 和 Q = 280-371 kJ/mol （150-250 MPa）表明合金的蠕变是一个自扩散过程，蠕变变形主要由位错滑移控制。在 570-600 °C 时，n = 3.2 表明位错攀升控制着蠕变变形。同时，与低应力（150 兆帕）时的 Q = 274 kJ/mol 相比，高应力（200-250 兆帕）时的 Q = 365 kJ/mol 表明第二相析出增强。

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引用次数: 0

Hot Corrosion and Oxidation Behavior of Pt–Aluminide and Pt–Rh–Aluminide Coatings Applied on Nickle-Base and Cobalt-Base Substrates 镍基和钴基基底上铂铝化物和铂铑铝化物涂层的热腐蚀和氧化行为

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01653-5

Atieh Koochaki-Abkenar, Ahmad Malekan, Mansoor Bozorg, Kourosh Nematipour

This case study compared the microstructure, hot corrosion, and isothermal oxidation behavior of two modified diffusion aluminide coatings on two substrates. The first coating was a platinum aluminide (Pt–aluminide) coating on a nickel-base Inconel 738LC alloy, while the second was a platinum–rhodium aluminide (Pt–Rh–aluminide) coating on a cobalt-base FSX-414 alloy. The coatings were created through electroplating with Pt and Rh, followed by diffusion heat treatment and above-pack aluminizing. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the substrate microstructure, coating morphology, and chemical composition were studied. The analysis revealed that both coatings consisted of a dual-phase, with PtAl₂ + β-(Ni-Pt)Al phases on the nickel-base substrate and PtAl₂ + CoAl phases on the cobalt-base substrate. Hot corrosion testing was conducted at 900 °C for 100 h in the presence of 75%Na₂SO₄ + 25%NaCl salts, while oxidation behavior was studied at 1050 °C for 200 h for both coatings. The study results showed that the Pt–Rh–aluminide coating on the cobalt-based substrate had better resistance to hot corrosion, while the Pt–aluminide coating on the nickel-based substrate had better oxidation resistance. The study also discussed the role of Pt, Rh, and substrate composition on the coatings’ hot corrosion and oxidation behavior. The morphology of oxide scales and corroded and oxidized coatings cross-sections were studied using SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis.

Graphical Abstract

本案例研究比较了两种基材上两种改性扩散铝涂层的微观结构、热腐蚀和等温氧化行为。第一种涂层是镍基 Inconel 738LC 合金上的铂铝化物（Pt-aluminide）涂层，第二种是钴基 FSX-414 合金上的铂铑铝化物（Pt-Rh-aluminide）涂层。这些涂层是通过电镀铂和铑，然后进行扩散热处理和包铝处理而形成的。利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、能量色散光谱 (EDS) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 对基体微观结构、涂层形态和化学成分进行了研究。分析表明，两种涂层都由双相组成，镍基底上有 PtAl2 + β-（Ni-Pt）Al 相，钴基底上有 PtAl2 + CoAl 相。在 75%Na2SO4 + 25%NaCl 盐存在下，在 900 °C 下进行了 100 小时的热腐蚀测试，同时在 1050 °C 下对两种涂层的氧化行为进行了 200 小时的研究。研究结果表明，钴基底上的铂-铑-铝涂层具有更好的抗热腐蚀性，而镍基底上的铂-铝涂层具有更好的抗氧化性。研究还讨论了 Pt、Rh 和基底成分对涂层热腐蚀和氧化行为的作用。使用 SEM、EDS 和 XRD 分析方法研究了氧化鳞片的形态以及腐蚀和氧化涂层的横截面。

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