Metals and Materials International最新文献

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Microstructure Evolution and Dynamic Precipitation in Age-Hardened AA 6082 Under Cryogenic Helical Channel Angular Pressing

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01810-w

Min He, Duanhu Shi, Wei Song, Xiaolei Xia, Yan Dong

A cryogenic helical channel angular pressing (cryo-HCAP) process is proposed to fabricate bulk ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy, providing their shear and torsion deformation, accumulating more plastic strain, and keeping billets in the channel to achieve constant temperatures via dry ice and/or liquid nitrogen refrigerants. The microstructure evolution and dynamic precipitation for age-hardened AA 6082 alloy via cryogenic HCAP were investigated using electron backscattered diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry experiments based on the steady experimental temperature. The serrated shear mechanism was introduced to reveal the increase of high-angle grain boundaries and the formation of fine equiaxed grains at cryogenic HCAP. Moreover, the additional nucleating spots and the energy for precipitation were brought by severe plastic deformation, that promoted the dynamic precipitation of Guinier–Preston (GP) zones and partial β″ phase, while the precipitation of β″ phase is suppressed by cryogenic temperatures. Consequently, the comprehensive effects of HCAP and cryogenic temperature yielded refined and equiaxed grains, promoting GP zones and partial β″ phase dynamic precipitation. Compared to those specimens without HCAP, there were less dynamic precipitation on β′ and β phase in the HCAPed ones after heating because the early dynamic precipitation phases have occupied the nucleating spots, requiring higher peak temperatures and more activation energy than were available.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Ti Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al0.2CoCrFeNi2Tix High-Entropy Alloys

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01803-9

Fan Yang, Wenqing Fu, Menglu Jian, Qiannan Hu, Min Liu, Guangshi Li, Zhanyong Wang, Fangjie Li, Qin Shen

Two high entropy alloys (HEAs) with composition of Al_0.2CoCrFeNi₂Ti_x (x = 0.2, 0.4) were prepared through cold rolling and heat treatment to attained favorable mechanical properties and their microstructures were characterized to illustrate the strengthening mechanisms. The results found that the Ti0.4 alloy had high strength (1.34 GPa) via fine grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening, while the existed larger and rod-shaped L1₂ phase caused its limited ductility (10.3%). The Ti0.2 alloy has high strength and plasticity and was superior to the conventional alloys, which was mainly attributed to the nano-sized L1₂ precipitation. The new HEAs are the potential materials to satisfy the needs of contemporary engineering applications and provides reference ideas for designing multi-element metal materials for future applications.

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0

Failure Behavior of Steel-Polymer-Steel Multi-Material Clad: Mechanical Performance and Microstructure Evolution

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01804-8

Zaigham Saeed Toor, Jihye Kwon, Rae Eon Kim, Yeon Taek Choi, Gang Hee Gu, Min-Hong Seo, Kyung-Hwan Chung, Renhao Wu, Hyoung Seop Kim

This study presents an integrated approach, combining numerical, and experimental methods, to investigate the mechanical performance of low-carbon steel and polyketone composite plates. Fabricated via hot pressing, these multi-material clad plates were subjected to forming, uniaxial tensile, peel, and lap-shear tests to assess both bulk and interfacial mechanical properties. Detailed microstructural analyses provided insights into the behavior of the interfaces under mechanical stress. Numerical simulations paralleled experimental work, setting a foundation for future studies to explore different configurations and interfacial conditions of such multi-material systems. Integration of a polymer layer significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the clad, showing an 8.21% increase in specific strength over traditional metallic clads and underscoring potential performance benefits for structural applications. Issues such as delamination and debonding during forming were identified as areas for improvement. The strong correlation between simulation results and experimental data confirms the model’s reliability, making a significant contribution to the development of steel-based clad composites. This research provides crucial insights for the application of steel-polymer composites in sectors such as electric vehicle manufacturing and related structural uses.

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Secondary γ’ Precipitate on the High-Temperature Creep Properties of DD6 Alloy 二次γ'沉淀对 DD6 合金高温蠕变特性的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01801-x

Xiaopeng Li, Shan Yu, Yao Huang, Yuqi Wang, Hexin Zhang, Chengzhi Zhao

The article elucidates the precipitation behavior of the secondary γ’ precipitates and its influence mechanism on the creep properties of DD6 alloy during creep at 1100 ℃ / 137 MPa, employing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The alloy exhibits an N-type raft structure under varying creep times, with a mismatch between the γ and γ’ phases ranging from − 0.06% to − 0.59%. A significant amount of secondary γ’ precipitates, predominantly spherical or cubic in shape, is dispersed in the matrix, with sizes decreasing gradually from the center of the γ matrix channel to the γ/γ’ interface, and randomly distributed in the matrix channels. Dislocations are discretely distributed in the γ matrix channel, which, upon encountering the secondary γ’ precipitates, impedes their movement, leading to the transformation of the initially dense dislocation network into an irregular one. Moreover, numerous small secondary γ’ precipitates particles can absorb dislocations. Approximately every 170 to 1628 atomic spacings of the secondary γ’ precipitates can accommodate a misfit caused by an edge dislocation. The widespread presence of secondary γ’ precipitates in the γ matrix effectively disrupts dislocation networks, significantly shortening the creep life of the alloy.

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0

Compressive Properties and Fracture Behaviours of Ti/Al Interpenetrating Phase Composites with Additive-Manufactured Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Porous Structures

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01797-4

Zhou Li, Haotian Mo, Jiahao Tian, Junhao Li, Shiqi Xia, Xianshi Jia, Libo Zhou, Yao Lu

The triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) structure is regarded as a highly promising artificial design, but the performance of composites constructed using this structure remains unexplored. Two porosity levels of Ti/Al interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) were fabricated by infiltrating ZL102-Al melt into additive-manufactured TC4-Ti scaffolds with the TPMS porous in this study. The combination of the two-phase alloys exhibits structural integrity at the interfacial region, as evidenced by microscopic surfaces observed in uncompressed IPCs. Quasi-static compression tests were performed to demonstrate that the Young’s modulus, yield stress and maximum compressive stress of IPCs exhibit significant enhancement when compared to the individual TPMS scaffolds, due to the supporting and strengthening effect of the filling phase. In the compression process of IPCs, defects emerge initially at the interface between the ZL102 phase and TC4 phase, triggering the fracture and slip of the ZL102 phase, eventually propagating to involve fracture in the TC4 phase. The deformation behaviours obtained from numerical simulation were combined to support these experimental phenomena. The results show that the corresponding stress concentration region is the central region of the spiral surface, the maximum stress concentration region of the ZL102 phase is the same as that of the TC4 phase, and the ZL102 phase effectively shares part of the loading. The Ti/Al IPCs achieve equivalent load-bearing capacity through a simplified interpenetration process and the utilisation of lighter materials.

Graphical Abstract

三重周期性最小表面（TPMS）结构被认为是一种非常有前途的人工设计，但使用这种结构构建的复合材料的性能仍有待探索。在本研究中，通过将 ZL102-Al 熔体渗入添加剂制造的具有 TPMS 多孔性的 TC4-Ti 支架，制造出了两种孔隙度的 Ti/Al 互穿相复合材料（IPC）。从未压缩的 IPC 中观察到的微观表面可以证明，两相合金的组合在界面区域表现出结构完整性。准静态压缩试验表明，与单独的 TPMS 支架相比，由于填充相的支撑和强化作用，IPC 的杨氏模量、屈服应力和最大压缩应力都有显著提高。在 IPC 的压缩过程中，缺陷最初出现在 ZL102 相和 TC4 相之间的界面上，引发 ZL102 相的断裂和滑移，最终扩展到 TC4 相的断裂。数值模拟得到的变形行为与这些实验现象相结合。结果表明，相应的应力集中区域是螺旋面的中心区域，ZL102 相的最大应力集中区域与 TC4 相的最大应力集中区域相同，ZL102 相有效地分担了部分载荷。通过简化穿插过程和使用更轻的材料，钛/铝 IPC 达到了同等的承载能力。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural and Textural Evolution of a Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe Alloy Tube During Cold Pilger Rolling 冷皮尔格轧制过程中 Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe 合金管的微结构和纹理演变

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01799-2

Xufeng Wang, Jun Zhou, Yuanzhuo Liu, Linjiang Chai, Yue Liu, Haiqin Zhang, Haiming Liu, Bin Tang, Xiangyi Xue, Jinshan Li

In this study, a cold-pilgered Zr alloy tube with the composition of Zr-1.0 wt%Sn-1.0 wt%Nb-0.3 wt%Fe was investigated. During the cold pilgering, the tube developed distinct microstructural and textural features at different positions (with varying internal/external diameters and wall thicknesses) due to their specific stress states and deformation amount. Microstructural and textural evolution during cold pilgering were analyzed by characterizing specimens (S0-S4) cut from typical tube positions mainly using electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Transmission electron microscopy was also utilized to reveal typical precipitates in the un-pilgered specimen (S0). Results indicate that at low/medium strains, there exist non-deformation grains with hard orientations in the pilgered tube specimens, leading to heterogeneous microstructures. With increasing strains, the tube specimens show continuously reduced grain sizes and increased kernel average misorientations along with higher fractions of low angle boundaries, resulting in enhanced microstructural homogeneity. During the pilgering, the texture of Zr-1.0Sn-1.0Nb-0.3Fe alloy tube gradually transforms from initial c//TD to c//RD, which changes back to the c//TD at high strains (>∼ 60%). In the meantime, the < 10–10>//AD component is initially weakened slightly but then significantly enhanced, while there is an opposite trend for that of the < 11–20>//AD component. According to the analysis of in-grain misorientation axes, the textural evolution during the pilgering results from the coordination of multiple slip systems and the pyramidal slip can be substantially activated at a high strain.

Graphical Abstract

本研究对成分为 Zr-1.0 wt%Sn-1.0 wt%Nb-0.3 wt%Fe 的冷拉锆合金管进行了研究。在冷拉过程中，由于其特定的应力状态和变形量，管材在不同位置（内径/外径和壁厚不同）形成了不同的微观结构和纹理特征。我们主要利用电子通道对比成像和电子反向散射衍射技术，对从典型管材位置切割的试样（S0-S4）进行了表征，从而分析了冷扎过程中的微观结构和纹理演变。此外，还利用透射电子显微镜揭示了未拉丝试样（S0）中的典型沉淀物。结果表明，在低/中应变下，有栅栏管试样中存在硬取向的非变形晶粒，从而形成异质微观结构。随着应变的增加，管状试样的晶粒大小不断减小，晶核平均错误取向不断增加，低角度边界的比例也越来越高，从而提高了微观结构的均匀性。在拉伸过程中，Zr-1.0Sn-1.0Nb-0.3Fe 合金管的纹理从最初的 c//TD 逐渐转变为 c//RD，在高应变（>∼ 60%）时又变回 c//TD。同时，< 10-10>//AD分量最初略有减弱，但随后明显增强，而< 11-20>//AD分量的趋势则相反。根据晶粒内错向轴的分析，拉伸过程中的纹理演变是多种滑移系统协调作用的结果，金字塔滑移在高应变时会被大幅激活。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Heterogeneous Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled FeCoCrNiMn High-Entropy Alloy 退火处理对冷轧铁钴铬镍锰高熵合金异质显微组织和性能的影响

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01795-6

Yong Hu, Tao Yang, Chunwang Pan, Lincheng Liu, Haitao Jiao

The cold rolling and annealing treatment were applied to the face-centered cubic FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA). The study investigated the heterogeneous microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMn HEA under different annealing temperatures and rolling reduction amounts. The results show that, when annealed at 600 ℃ − 700 ℃, it is beneficial for obtaining a heterogeneous microstructure composed of fine grains, deformed grains and precipitated phases. Due to the multiple strengthening mechanisms caused by the heterogeneous microstructure, the FeCoCrNiMn HEA exhibits excellent tensile properties, achieving a better balance of strength and plasticity. With a primary rolling and annealing treatment at 650 ℃ for 1 h, the recrystallization volume fraction is 50%, and the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are 730.66 MPa, 909.67 MPa and 23.60% respectively, indicating high strength and ductility. With the increase of the annealing temperature, the precipitation of Cr-rich σ phase becomes more evident, the maximum volume fraction of σ phase is 1.96%, and the yield strength is increase by 41.65 MPa due to precipitation strengthening. With the increase of the degree of recrystallization, a phenomenon of texture component weakening and texture randomization occurs, but the main rolling textures, such as P-type and B-type textures, are still retained.

Graphical Abstract

对面心立方铁钴铬镍锰高熵合金（HEA）进行了冷轧和退火处理。研究考察了不同退火温度和轧制减量下铁钴铬镍锰高熵合金的异质显微组织和力学性能。结果表明，在 600 ℃ - 700 ℃ 退火时，有利于获得由细小晶粒、变形晶粒和析出相组成的异质微观结构。由于异质微观结构带来的多重强化机制，铁铬镍锰 HEA 表现出优异的拉伸性能，在强度和塑性之间实现了更好的平衡。在 650 ℃ 下进行 1 小时的初轧和退火处理，再结晶体积分数为 50%，屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别为 730.66 MPa、909.67 MPa 和 23.60%，显示出较高的强度和延展性。随着退火温度的升高，富含铬的σ相析出更加明显，σ相的最大体积分数为 1.96%，由于析出强化，屈服强度提高了 41.65 MPa。随着再结晶程度的增加，出现了纹理成分弱化和纹理随机化的现象，但仍保留了主要的轧制纹理，如 P 型和 B 型纹理。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of Cu Particles with Porous Surface and Enhanced Sinter-Bondability between Cu Finishes by Physically In Situ Formation of Cu Nanoparticles Using Them 利用物理原位形成铜纳米颗粒的方法制造多孔表面铜颗粒并增强铜涂层之间的烧结结合力

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01790-x

Byeong Jo Han, Jong-Hyun Lee

Cu particles with porous surface are fabricated and used as the paste fillers for rapid sintering. The particles are manufactured by the formation of Cu₅Zn₈ on the surface of the Cu particles, followed by dezincification. The porous structure formed on the surface of the Cu particles collapses owing to external compression during sinter bonding and the in situ formation of Cu nanodebris, thereby enhancing the sinter-bondability. The sinter bonding was performed under 10 MPa at 300 °C in air. Higher shear strength was measured for the paste containing Cu particles with a porous surface compared to the identical sized spherical Cu particles at all bonding times. In particular, a near-full-density bondline was formed after bonding for 3 min and the shear strength increased to 15.85 MPa. When bonding was maintained for 10 min, an excellent shear strength of 20.17 MPa was obtained.

Graphical Abstract

制造出表面多孔的铜颗粒，并将其用作快速烧结的浆状填料。这种颗粒是通过在铜颗粒表面形成 Cu5Zn8，然后进行脱锌处理而制成的。在烧结结合过程中，铜颗粒表面形成的多孔结构会因外部挤压而塌陷，并在原位形成铜纳米碎屑，从而提高了烧结结合能力。烧结结合是在 300 °C 的空气中，在 10 兆帕的压力下进行的。与相同大小的球形铜颗粒相比，含有多孔表面铜颗粒的浆料在所有粘结时间内都能测得更高的剪切强度。尤其是在粘结 3 分钟后，形成了接近全密度的粘结线，剪切强度增加到 15.85 兆帕。当粘合时间保持 10 分钟时，获得了 20.17 兆帕的出色剪切强度。

引用次数: 0

Correction: Research Status and Prospects of Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Joining Technology for Difficult-to-Weld High-Strength Alloys 更正：难焊高强度合金超声波振动辅助连接技术的研究现状与前景

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01802-w

Yue Zhang, JianBiao Peng, Ruitao Peng, JiaChuan Jiang, Bei Lei, ChangHui Liao, ChangYou Xu

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu-Mn Alloy Mechanically Alloyed with 5 wt% Zr After Multi-Directional Forging 多向锻造后机械合金化了 5 wt% Zr 的 Al-Cu-Mn 合金的显微组织和力学性能

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01800-y

A. S. Prosviryakov, A. I. Bazlov, M. S. Kishchik, A. V. Mikhaylovskaya

Zr-containing aluminum-based alloys and especially Al-Zr composites have high thermal resistance due to the formation of Al₃Zr dispersoids from supersaturated aluminum solid solution. The use of mechanical alloying can significantly increase the solubility of zirconium and improve the strength properties at elevated temperatures. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of multi-directional forging (MDF) on the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloy mechanically alloyed with 5 wt%Zr. Mechanical alloying was carried out by ball milling for 20 h at 300 rpm. The temperature of hot pressing and subsequent MDF operation was 400 °C. SEM, XRD and TEM were used to study the microstructure. In this work, it was shown that MDF leads to the formation of a poreless structure compared to hot pressing due to strain accumulation during hot deformation, as well as grain growth and microhardness reduction. At the same time, the highest compressive yield strength at 350 °C of 132 MPa was achieved after forging. The obtained material consisted of nanocrystalline aluminum matrix and secondary precipitates of Al₃Zr with cubic (L1₂) and tetragonal (D0₂₃) lattices as well as Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃ phase.

Graphical Abstract

含锆铝基合金，尤其是铝锆复合材料具有很高的耐热性，这是因为过饱和铝固溶体形成了 Al3Zr 分散体。使用机械合金可以显著提高锆的溶解度，改善高温下的强度性能。本研究旨在探讨多向锻造（MDF）对含 5 wt%Zr 的铝铜锰合金微观结构和性能的影响。机械合金化是通过球磨进行的，球磨时间为 20 小时，转速为 300 转/分。热压和随后的中密度纤维板操作温度为 400 ℃。使用 SEM、XRD 和 TEM 研究了微观结构。研究结果表明，与热压相比，中密度纤维板在热变形过程中由于应变积累以及晶粒长大和显微硬度降低而导致无孔结构的形成。同时，锻造后在 350 °C 时达到了 132 兆帕的最高压缩屈服强度。所获得的材料由纳米晶铝基体、具有立方（L12）和四方（D023）晶格的 Al3Zr 二次析出物以及 Al20Cu2Mn3 相组成。

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