Metals and Materials International最新文献_第8页

Effect of a New Preheating Treatment Method on Microstructure and Texture Evolution of VW134A Alloy during Hot Compression Deformation 一种新的预热处理方法对VW134A合金热压缩变形过程中组织和织构演变的影响

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01969-w

Liang Liu, Zhimin Zhang, Jie Zheng, Yong Xue

In this paper, we propose a novel preheating treatment (short-time annealing + aging) to generate a reticulated structure comprising long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) and β’ phases. The evolution of secondary phases, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms, and texture development during hot compression were systematically investigated. Results indicate that β’ phase dissolution and stacking fault formation in deformed grains at the initial deformation stage effectively hindered dislocation motion. DRX initiated at triple junctions, while dynamic precipitation was absent at grain boundaries, suggesting that DRX precedes dynamic precipitation rather than occurring concurrently. Grain refinement in pre-aged (S0) samples primarily resulted from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). In contrast, pre-annealed (T1) and pre-annealed-aged (ST1) samples exhibited grain refinement through discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX), PSN, and kink band nucleation. The abnormal texture was attributed to deformed grains with < 0001 > orientation perpendicular to the compression direction (CD) and lamellar LPSO phase alignment perpendicular to CD, which induced slight kinking. Suppressed DRX was linked to reduced intragranular dislocation density. This work establishes a microstructure-property optimization strategy by controlling lamellar LPSO phase orientation, offering critical insights for designing high-strength and ductile Mg-RE alloys.

Graphical Abstract

在本文中，我们提出了一种新的预热处理（短时间退火+时效），以产生由长周期堆积有序（LPSO）和β′相组成的网状结构。系统地研究了热压缩过程中二次相的演变、动态再结晶（DRX）机制和织构的发展。结果表明：变形初期晶粒中β′相的溶解和层错的形成有效地阻碍了位错的运动；DRX发生在三联结处，而晶界处没有动态沉淀，表明DRX发生在动态沉淀之前，而不是同时发生。预时效（S0）样品的晶粒细化主要是由连续动态再结晶（CDRX）和粒子激发形核（PSN）引起的。相比之下，预退火（T1）和预退火时效（ST1）样品通过不连续动态再结晶（DDRX）、PSN和扭带形核表现出晶粒细化。异常织构是由于晶粒变形，取向垂直于压缩方向（CD），层状LPSO相取向垂直于压缩方向（CD），引起轻微扭结。DRX抑制与晶内脱位密度降低有关。本研究通过控制层状LPSO相取向建立了一种微结构性能优化策略，为设计高强度和延展性Mg-RE合金提供了重要见解。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Gold Ions on Nanohardness and Various Characteristics of G-metal Alloy Surface 金离子对g金属合金表面纳米硬度及各种特性的影响

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01954-3

Qaneeta Younas, Khurram Siraj, Thomas Osipowicz, Samia Naeem, Yakai Zhao, Cheng Cheh Tan, Shazia Bashir, Tanveer Ashraf, Saba Mushtaq, Muhammad Shahzad Abdul Rahim, Muhammad Mustafa Dastageer, Breara Muhammad Hussain

Mechanically polished Gun-metal (G-metal) alloy specimens were irradiated using a 2 MeV Au⁺ beam of Pelletron Linear Accelerator. The range of Au⁺ fluence was 5 × 10¹¹ to 1 × 10¹⁴ Au⁺/cm². XRD patterns revealed the crystallographic peaks of Cu, Zn, and Sn. Harris analysis demonstrated that the Au⁺ fluence strongly influenced the preference of crystal plane alignment. The structural attributes like crystallite size, strain, etc. change as the Au⁺ fluence varies. Due to the low depth of ion-induced defects region, the estimation of ion irradiated material surface hardening is difficult. So, the technique of nanoindentation used in this work proves helpful for estimating the surface hardness of ion irradiated material. The surface hardness of specimens varied with the Au⁺ fluence and indentation depth. A significant increase in surface roughness, nanoindentation surface hardness, and elastic modulus values was observed at 5 × 10¹³ Au⁺/cm² irradiation. Moreover, the surface hardness improves with decreasing crystallite size, reflecting the Hall-Petch relation. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) were used for elemental analysis of specimens before and after Au⁺ irradiation.

Graphical Abstract

采用Pelletron直线加速器的2 MeV Au+束流辐照机械抛光的枪金属（g金属）合金试样。Au+含量范围为5 × 1011 ~ 1 × 1014 Au+/cm2。XRD图谱显示出Cu、Zn和Sn的结晶峰。Harris分析表明，Au+的影响强烈地影响了晶体平面取向的偏好。晶粒尺寸、应变等结构属性随Au+含量的变化而变化。由于离子诱导缺陷区的深度较低，离子辐照材料表面硬化的估计比较困难。因此，采用纳米压痕技术对离子辐照材料的表面硬度进行估算是有帮助的。试样表面硬度随Au+含量和压痕深度的变化而变化。在5 × 1013 Au+/cm2辐照下，表面粗糙度、纳米压痕表面硬度和弹性模量显著增加。表面硬度随晶粒尺寸的减小而增大，反映出Hall-Petch关系。采用能量色散x射线（EDX）和质子诱导x射线发射（PIXE）对Au+辐照前后的样品进行元素分析。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Comparative Study of Direct and Alternating Currents on the Microstructure Evolution of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4 V 直流电和交流电对增材制造ti - 6al - 4v微观组织演变的比较研究

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01957-0

Chang Liu, Shaojie Gu, Yasuhiro Kimura, Yang Ju, Yuhki Toku

Electric current treatment has recently emerged as a novel, ultrafast, and efficient post-processing technique for additively manufactured (AM) materials. However, the choice of current—whether direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC)—varies, and its specific influence on the microstructure remains unclear. Therefore, this study conducts the first comparative investigation of the effects of AC and DC on the microstructure of AM Ti-6Al-4V under the same energy conditions. The results indicate that AC and DC currents can enhance plasticity and reduce hardness by coarsening the α/α’ grains in AM Ti-6Al-4 V alloys, achieving a good balance between plasticity and strength. The primary difference between the two is their effect on the evolution of β phase grains during the current application. Based on finite element analysis, the athermal effect of DC is ~ 2.27 times that of AC due to its continuous unidirectional application. This result closely aligns with the experimental results, where the β grain migration velocity under DC conditions is about 2.25 times that of AC. This study provides guidance for applying electric current treatment to other AM materials and offers a reference for selecting optimal current types and strategies for processing dual- and multiphase materials.

Graphical Abstract

电流处理作为一种新型、超快速、高效的增材制造（AM）材料后处理技术，近年来逐渐兴起。然而，电流的选择是直流电（DC）还是交流电（AC）是不同的，其对微观结构的具体影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究首次对相同能量条件下交流和直流对AM Ti-6Al-4V微观结构的影响进行了对比研究。结果表明：交流和直流电流可以使AM ti - 6al - 4v合金的α/α′晶粒变粗，从而提高合金的塑性，降低合金的硬度，达到塑性与强度的良好平衡；两者的主要区别在于它们在当前应用过程中对β相晶粒演化的影响。基于有限元分析，直流电由于连续单向应用，其非热效应是交流的约2.27倍。实验结果表明，直流条件下β晶粒迁移速度约为交流条件下的2.25倍。该研究为电流处理在其他AM材料中的应用提供了指导，并为双相和多相材料加工中选择最佳电流类型和策略提供了参考。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure and Properties of WC-Co Reinforced H13 Steel Composites Prepared via Laser Powder Bed Fusion 激光粉末床熔合制备WC-Co增强H13钢复合材料的组织与性能

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01966-z

Chunli Cui, Qiaoyun Shen, Dongxiang Wang, Zhenhua Hao, Rulong Ma, Pei Wang, Yongchun Shu, Jilin He

The feeble wear resistance of H13 steel processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) significantly affect its service life. In this work, the densification behaviour, microstructural evolution and wear resistance of LPBF processed WC-Co reinforced H13 steels is investigated with focus on the effect of WC-Co content. The results reveal that the microstructure of H13 changes from cellular structure to columnar coexistence structure with the addition of WC-Co. Meanwhile, the addition of WC-Co refines the grains and induces massive dislocations in the H13 matrix. Due to the in-situ reaction between WC-Co particles and H13 steel, a (W, M)C₂ (M = Co, Cr, Mn, V) gradient interface layer is formed between WC-Co and H13, which effectively enhances the interface bonding and ameliorates the density of the sample. With increasing WC-Co content, the interface layer become finer and more uniform while exhibiting a corresponding increase in Vickers hardness. When the content of WC-Co is 3%, the Vickers hardness reaches the maximum of 846.8 HV. Wear test reveal that 3%WC-Co/H13 exhibited the lowest values of friction coefficient (0.59) and wear rate (0.77 × 10^− 7 mm³/Nm). This is attributed to the (W, M)C₂ interface layer can act as a buffer to slow down the wear of the grinding ball on the sample. Besides, the high hardness WC-Co particles play a role of pinning the skeleton, which enhances the strength of the friction surface, improves the wear resistance of the composite sample. Moreover, the underlying wear mechanisms of printed samples are compared and discussed.

Graphic Abstract

激光粉末床熔接H13钢的耐磨性差，严重影响其使用寿命。本文研究了LPBF加工的WC-Co增强H13钢的致密化行为、显微组织演变和耐磨性，重点研究了WC-Co含量的影响。结果表明：随着WC-Co的加入，H13的微观结构由胞状结构转变为柱状共存结构；同时，WC-Co的加入使晶粒细化，在H13基体中产生大量位错。由于WC-Co颗粒与H13钢的原位反应，WC-Co与H13之间形成了（W， M）C2 （M = Co, Cr, Mn， V）梯度界面层，有效增强了界面结合，改善了试样的密度。随着WC-Co含量的增加，界面层变得更细、更均匀，维氏硬度也相应提高。当WC-Co含量为3%时，合金的维氏硬度达到最大值846.8 HV。磨损试验表明，3%WC-Co/H13的摩擦系数和磨损率最低，分别为0.59和0.77 × 10−7 mm3/Nm。这是由于（W， M）C2界面层可以起到缓冲作用，减缓磨球对试样的磨损。同时，高硬度WC-Co颗粒起到固定骨架的作用，增强了摩擦表面的强度，提高了复合材料样品的耐磨性。此外，还对印刷样品的潜在磨损机理进行了比较和讨论。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Additive Processes for Biodegradable Mg Alloys: A Review 可生物降解镁合金添加剂工艺研究进展

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01961-4

Mustafa Umar, Shanmugasundaram Jayasathyakawin, Abraham Maria Jackson, Ganesan Balaji, Paulraj Sathiya

The materials based on magnesium (Mg) have a distinctive feature of being biodegradable in the bodies of humans and other animals. Surgical bioimplants made of Mg-based alloys are a significant alternative for traumatology and orthopaedic treatments as they are biodegradable, intrinsically biocompatible, and have a density comparable to bone. As a result, the combination of bioimplant design and application-specific manufacturing procedures made possible by additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising manufacturing approach in use today. However, this method encounters a slew of distinctive challenges brought on by the attributes of Mg-based alloys, including their lower vaporization temperature, higher combustion potential and strong chemical reactivity. This review provides a thorough analysis of various additive manufacturing methods, including laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM), electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM), and wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), employed in the production of biomedical implants using Mg-based alloys. It also explores the mechanical properties, microstructure, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of these implants, along with various post-AM treatments. The potential and extensiveness of Mg-based products are explored and emphasized, and limitations and concerns related to AM processes were identified from the prospects of bioimplant design, characteristics, and applications.

Graphical Abstract

基于镁（Mg）的材料具有在人类和其他动物体内可生物降解的显著特征。由镁基合金制成的外科生物植入物是创伤学和骨科治疗的重要替代材料，因为它们具有可生物降解、内在生物相容性和与骨相当的密度。因此，生物植入物设计和增材制造（AM）实现的特定应用制造程序的结合是目前使用的一种有前途的制造方法。然而，这种方法遇到了一系列独特的挑战，这些挑战来自于镁基合金的特性，包括较低的蒸发温度、较高的燃烧势和强的化学反应性。本文综述了各种增材制造方法，包括基于激光的增材制造（LAM），电子束增材制造（EBAM）和线弧增材制造（WAAM），用于生产使用镁基合金的生物医学植入物。它还探讨了这些植入物的机械性能，微观结构，生物降解性和生物相容性，以及各种am后处理。探讨和强调了镁基产品的潜力和广泛性，并从生物植入物设计、特征和应用的前景中确定了与增材制造工艺相关的限制和问题。图形抽象

{"title":"Additive Processes for Biodegradable Mg Alloys: A Review","authors":"Mustafa Umar, Shanmugasundaram Jayasathyakawin, Abraham Maria Jackson, Ganesan Balaji, Paulraj Sathiya","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01961-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01961-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The materials based on magnesium (Mg) have a distinctive feature of being biodegradable in the bodies of humans and other animals. Surgical bioimplants made of Mg-based alloys are a significant alternative for traumatology and orthopaedic treatments as they are biodegradable, intrinsically biocompatible, and have a density comparable to bone. As a result, the combination of bioimplant design and application-specific manufacturing procedures made possible by additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising manufacturing approach in use today. However, this method encounters a slew of distinctive challenges brought on by the attributes of Mg-based alloys, including their lower vaporization temperature, higher combustion potential and strong chemical reactivity. This review provides a thorough analysis of various additive manufacturing methods, including laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM), electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM), and wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), employed in the production of biomedical implants using Mg-based alloys. It also explores the mechanical properties, microstructure, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of these implants, along with various post-AM treatments. The potential and extensiveness of Mg-based products are explored and emphasized, and limitations and concerns related to AM processes were identified from the prospects of bioimplant design, characteristics, and applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 12","pages":"3475 - 3505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Deposition Parameters on the Building rate, In-Situ Formation of Austenite and Tensile Properties of SAF 2507 SDSS Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition 沉积参数对定向能沉积SAF 2507 SDSS形成速率、原位奥氏体形成及拉伸性能的影响

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01953-4

Pavel Salvetr, Josef Hodek, Matouš Uhlík, Pavel Novák, Jaromír Dlouhý, Michal Brázda

Industry applications of duplex stainless steels require a two-phase microstructure with a nearly balanced austenite-ferrite content to achieve good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. The most widespread additive manufacturing method such as laser powder bed fusion provides nearly fully ferritic microstructures due to the very high cooling rate, and the post-processing heat treatment must be performed. In contrast, other additive manufacturing methods, such as directed deposition methods, reach lower cooling rates and enable to obtain an equal ferrite–austenite ratio directly in the microstructure of the as-built state. In this work, the super duplex stainless steel SAF 2507 was deposited by directed energy deposition. The process parameters, namely, the laser power, laser beam spot, and powder feed rate, were varied to investigate the impact of the energy area density on the microstructure and tensile properties. A decrease in the energy area density caused an increase in the austenite content of 48 vol% and a numerical simulation of the sample temperature distribution inside the block during deposition, explaining the relationship between the amount of in situ formed austenite and the deposition parameters, was provided. Simultaneously, the deposition rate increased by more than five times. In contrast, the samples deposited at a higher building rate are characterized by greater porosity and lower elongation values in the vertical direction. The effect of the deposition parameters on the yield strength is low.

Graphical Abstract

双相不锈钢的工业应用要求两相组织具有接近平衡的奥氏体-铁素体含量，以获得良好的机械性能和良好的耐腐蚀性。最广泛的增材制造方法，如激光粉末床熔合，由于非常高的冷却速度，提供了几乎完全铁素体的微观结构，并且必须进行后处理热处理。相比之下，其他增材制造方法，如定向沉积方法，可以达到更低的冷却速度，并能够在构建状态的微观结构中直接获得相同的铁素体-奥氏体比。采用定向能沉积法沉积了超级双相不锈钢SAF 2507。通过改变激光功率、激光束光斑和粉末进料速度等工艺参数，研究能量区密度对微观组织和拉伸性能的影响。能量区密度的降低导致奥氏体含量增加了48 vol%，并对沉积过程中试样内部的温度分布进行了数值模拟，解释了原位形成奥氏体的数量与沉积参数之间的关系。同时，沉积速率提高了5倍以上。相反，以较高的构建速率沉积的样品在垂直方向上具有较大的孔隙率和较低的延伸率。沉积参数对屈服强度的影响较小。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Selection of Process Parameters and its Effect on Bead Geometry, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructure of Inconel 825 Fabricated Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing 电弧增材制造Inconel 825工艺参数的选择及其对焊缝几何形状、力学性能和显微组织的影响

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01967-y

Deepak Kumar Gupta, Rahul S. Mulik

This study investigates the influence of welding parameters, such as welding current, torch speed, and wire feed speed on the bead geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the WAAM-made Inconel 825. A detailed analysis, including hardness, toughness, tensile strength, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), was performed. The fabricated wall exhibited defect-free deposition with a primarily γ-phase (austenitic) matrix and equiaxed grains. Optimal parameters in pulse mode (98 A peak current, 79 A base current, 120 mm/min torch speed, and 540 mm/min wire feed speed) provide a hardness of 242 ± 6 HV, toughness of 129 ± 5 J, yield stress of 312 ± 5 Mpa, ultimate tensile stress of 598 ± 9 Mpa, and % elongation of 66 ± 3% throughout the wall, with a ductile fracture. The findings demonstrate almost isotropic mechanical behaviour, contributing to improved process control in WAAM of Inconel 825. WAAM-fabricated Inconel 825 exhibited ~ 42% higher hardness than the wrought Inconel.

Graphical Abstract

研究了焊接电流、焊枪速度、送丝速度等焊接参数对waam制备的Inconel 825焊缝几何形状、显微组织和力学性能的影响。对材料进行了详细的分析，包括硬度、韧性、抗拉强度、x射线衍射（XRD）、能量色散光谱（EDS）和电子背散射衍射（EBSD）。制备的壁面无缺陷沉积，主要为γ相（奥氏体）基体和等轴晶。脉冲模式下的最佳参数（峰值电流98 A，基电流79 A，火炬速度120 mm/min，送丝速度540 mm/min）提供的硬度为242±6 HV，韧性为129±5 J，屈服应力为312±5 Mpa，极限拉伸应力为598±9 Mpa，整个管壁伸长率为66±3%，具有韧性断裂。研究结果显示了几乎各向同性的力学行为，有助于改进Inconel 825的WAAM过程控制。waam制备的因科乃尔825的硬度比变形的因科乃尔高42%。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Study on the Micro-Mechanism of Ultrasonic Rolling Strengthening of Quenched 42CrMo Steel 淬火42CrMo钢超声轧制强化微观机理研究

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01959-y

Haojie Wang, Xiaoqiang Wang, Xiangyi Hu, Yingjian Tian

The ultrasonic rolling strengthening technique (URST) is a vital method for enhancing surface properties and extending the service life. The exploration strives to investigate micro-process of URST applied to quenched 42CrMo steel. Through ultrasonic rolling strengthening experiments and advanced microstructural analysis methods such as EBSD, the study systematically reveals role about URST associated mechanical behaviors. The results indicate that URST significantly refines surface grains, transforming grain boundaries with a steep misorientation into boundaries with slight misorientation, plus the proportion in low-angle grain increasing from 44.8 to 65.7%. Surface texture also evolves during the process, shifting from a dominant < 101 > orientation to < 111 > and < 001 > orientations, with < 001>-oriented grains becoming more prevalent. The dislocation density dramatically increases, with the maximum dislocation density rising from 18.97 × 10¹⁴/m² to 43.03 × 10¹⁴/m². Additionally, URST induces the formation of α-fiber and Goss textures while promoting dynamic recrystallization. The interplay between dynamic recrystallization and dislocation accumulation is identified as a key factor driving grain evolution and surface performance enhancement. The findings contribute in-depth micro-process of URST plus offer valuable guidance for refining the surface attributes of 42CrMo steel plus other materials.

Graphical Abstract

超声滚压强化技术是提高表面性能和延长使用寿命的重要手段。本课题旨在研究URST在淬火42CrMo钢上的微工艺。通过超声轧制强化实验和EBSD等先进的显微组织分析方法，系统揭示了URST相关力学行为的作用。结果表明：URST显著细化了表面晶粒，将取向偏差较大的晶界转变为取向偏差较小的晶界，且低角度晶界所占比例从44.8%增加到65.7%；在此过程中，表面织构也发生了变化，从主导的<； 101 >；取向转变为<； 111 >；和<； 001>；取向，其中<； 001>；取向晶粒更为普遍。位错密度急剧增大，最大位错密度从18.97 × 1014/m2上升到43.03 × 1014/m2。此外，URST诱导α-纤维织构和Goss织构的形成，同时促进动态再结晶。动态再结晶与位错积累之间的相互作用是驱动晶粒演化和表面性能增强的关键因素。研究结果对URST +微工艺的深入研究为细化42CrMo钢及其他材料的表面属性提供了有价值的指导。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Wear Performance and Magnetic Susceptibility of Ti-35Nb-15Zr (at%) Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion 激光粉末床熔合Ti-35Nb-15Zr （at%）合金的显微组织、力学性能、磨损性能和磁化率

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01958-z

Jun Zhou, Pengcheng Lv, Buwei Xiao, Yurong Wang, Ting Long, Xiaoyu Liang, Yu Long, Huidong Hou

The thermal history during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing is significantly influenced by variations in laser power and scanning speed, which can be optimised to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated components. Herein, we systematically examined the impact of laser power and scanning speed on the mechanical properties, wear performance, and magnetic susceptibility of a Ti35Nb15Zr (at%) alloy. The present findings reveal that increasing both the laser power and scanning speed leads to a more uniform distribution of coarse and fine grains within the alloy, an increase in the yield strength from 1241.46 to 1258.19 MPa, and an increase in the elongation from 6.81 to 7.87%. At a fixed scanning speed, augmenting the laser power results in an increase in the average grain size from 15.92 μm to 19.63 μm and a decrease in the content of unfused Nb from 0.63 to 0.154%, which results in an increase in the elongation of the samples from 6.81 to 8.36%, and an increase in the wear resistance by 28.96%. The presence of lack of fusion in the T3515 alloy leads to a decrease in the ductility, and additionally the elevated heat input strengthens the alignment of the < 001 > crystallographic texture, which increases the magnetic susceptibility of the alloy.

Graphical Abstract

激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）过程中的热历史受到激光功率和扫描速度的显著影响，可以通过优化热历史来改善加工部件的微观结构和力学性能。本文系统地研究了激光功率和扫描速度对Ti35Nb15Zr （at%）合金力学性能、磨损性能和磁化率的影响。结果表明：提高激光功率和扫描速度，合金内部粗晶粒和细晶粒分布更加均匀，屈服强度从1241.46 MPa提高到1258.19 MPa，延伸率从6.81提高到7.87%。在一定扫描速度下，增大激光功率，试样的平均晶粒尺寸从15.92 μm增大到19.63 μm，未熔Nb含量从0.63降低到0.154%，伸长率从6.81提高到8.36%，耐磨性提高28.96%。T3515合金中缺乏熔合的存在导致了塑性的降低，另外，增加的热输入强化了<； 001 >；晶构的排列，从而增加了合金的磁化率。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Gd Content on the Microstructure and Dynamic Impact Mechanical Behavior of Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloys Gd含量对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr挤压合金组织及动态冲击力学行为的影响

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-025-01965-0

Xuezhao Wang, Ping Zhang, Xiaomin Jiang, Youqiang Wang

This study systematically investigates the dynamic mechanical response and microstructural evolution of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys under high-strain-rate conditions, focusing on the effects of varying Gd contents (6.5–8.5 wt%) and strain rate variations (1000–4000 s⁻¹) and using microscopic detection methods such as metallographic microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The dynamic mechanical properties of the alloys were analyzed under different strain rates using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing. The results reveal that as Gd content increases, the grain size of the alloy first decreases and then increases. The alloy with 7.5 wt% Gd exhibited the smallest and most uniform grains, averaging approximately 12.4 μm. In terms of dynamic impact performance, all alloys demonstrated strong mechanical properties. At 6.5 wt% Gd, the alloy achieved a compressive strength of 603 MPa at a strain rate of 4000 s⁻¹. Increasing Gd content to 7.5 wt% raised the compressive strength to 625 MPa, while further increasing Gd to 8.5 wt% resulted in a compressive strength of around 616 MPa. Across all Gd levels, fracture typically occurred along the 45° shear plane relative to the impact direction. Regarding deformation mechanisms, significant variations were observed depending on Gd content and strain rate. At lower strain rates, the number of twins first decreased and then increased with higher Gd content. At higher strain rates, slip and dynamic recrystallization became the dominant mechanisms. The 7.5 wt% Gd alloy exhibited the highest degree of dynamic recrystallization and the finest grain structure, resulting in the best overall dynamic impact performance. This research provides valuable theoretical and experimental insights for optimizing the design and performance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys under high-strain-rate conditions.

Graphic Abstract

本研究采用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱（EDS）等显微检测方法，系统研究了高应变速率条件下挤压Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的动态力学响应和微观组织演变，重点研究了Gd含量（6.5-8.5 wt%）和应变速率变化（1000-4000 s⁻(1)）的影响。采用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验分析了合金在不同应变速率下的动态力学性能。结果表明：随着Gd含量的增加，合金的晶粒尺寸先减小后增大；Gd浓度为7.5 wt%的合金晶粒最小，晶粒均匀，平均约为12.4 μm。在动态冲击性能方面，所有合金均表现出较强的力学性能。在6.5 wt% Gd下，合金的抗压强度达到603 MPa，应变速率为4000 s⁻¹。当Gd含量增加到7.5 wt%时，抗压强度达到625 MPa，当Gd含量进一步增加到8.5 wt%时，抗压强度约为616 MPa。在所有Gd水平面上，断裂通常发生在相对于冲击方向的45°剪切面上。在变形机制方面，Gd含量和应变速率的变化显著。在较低应变速率下，随着Gd含量的增加，孪晶数先减少后增加。在较高应变速率下，滑移和动态再结晶成为主要机制。7.5 wt% Gd合金动态再结晶程度最高，晶粒组织最细，整体动态冲击性能最好。该研究为Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金在高应变率条件下的优化设计和性能提供了有价值的理论和实验见解。图形抽象

{"title":"Influence of Gd Content on the Microstructure and Dynamic Impact Mechanical Behavior of Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloys","authors":"Xuezhao Wang, Ping Zhang, Xiaomin Jiang, Youqiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01965-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01965-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study systematically investigates the dynamic mechanical response and microstructural evolution of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys under high-strain-rate conditions, focusing on the effects of varying Gd contents (6.5–8.5 wt%) and strain rate variations (1000–4000 s⁻¹) and using microscopic detection methods such as metallographic microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The dynamic mechanical properties of the alloys were analyzed under different strain rates using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing. The results reveal that as Gd content increases, the grain size of the alloy first decreases and then increases. The alloy with 7.5 wt% Gd exhibited the smallest and most uniform grains, averaging approximately 12.4 μm. In terms of dynamic impact performance, all alloys demonstrated strong mechanical properties. At 6.5 wt% Gd, the alloy achieved a compressive strength of 603 MPa at a strain rate of 4000 s⁻¹. Increasing Gd content to 7.5 wt% raised the compressive strength to 625 MPa, while further increasing Gd to 8.5 wt% resulted in a compressive strength of around 616 MPa. Across all Gd levels, fracture typically occurred along the 45° shear plane relative to the impact direction. Regarding deformation mechanisms, significant variations were observed depending on Gd content and strain rate. At lower strain rates, the number of twins first decreased and then increased with higher Gd content. At higher strain rates, slip and dynamic recrystallization became the dominant mechanisms. The 7.5 wt% Gd alloy exhibited the highest degree of dynamic recrystallization and the finest grain structure, resulting in the best overall dynamic impact performance. This research provides valuable theoretical and experimental insights for optimizing the design and performance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys under high-strain-rate conditions.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 12","pages":"3592 - 3605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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