Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07157-2
Ling Shi, Anping Li, Yuying Xu, Hongping Yang, Guangming Yang
A novel thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) was utilized for the first time to electrochemically fabricate an ionic liquid (IL)-supported polythieno[3,2-b]thiophene (PTT) coating. This innovative coating serves as a new headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) material for the extraction of five phenolic compounds, which were subsequently determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The coating was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Experimental results confirmed that the ILs were successfully embedded within the polymer matrix, resulting in a well-defined three-dimensional mesoporous architecture. This unique architecture not only exhibited high thermal stability but also maintained a consistent extraction performance when used for the solid-phase microextraction of phenolic compounds. To optimize the extraction and detection performance, various experimental parameters were investigated, including the coating type, pH, salt concentration, extraction time, extraction temperature, stirring rate, desorption time, and temperature. Under the optimal conditions identified, the method exhibited low limits of detection ranging from 0.001 to 0.007 μg mL−1 and wide linearity in the concentration range 0.030 to 10.000 μg mL−1. Noteworthily, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of five phenols in actual water samples, achieving satisfactory recoveries between 90.5% and 110.5%.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A novel ionic-liquid-supported polythieno[3,2-b]thiophene coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of phenolic compounds from environmental water via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"Ling Shi, Anping Li, Yuying Xu, Hongping Yang, Guangming Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07157-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07157-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) was utilized for the first time to electrochemically fabricate an ionic liquid (IL)-supported polythieno[3,2-b]thiophene (PTT) coating. This innovative coating serves as a new headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) material for the extraction of five phenolic compounds, which were subsequently determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The coating was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Experimental results confirmed that the ILs were successfully embedded within the polymer matrix, resulting in a well-defined three-dimensional mesoporous architecture. This unique architecture not only exhibited high thermal stability but also maintained a consistent extraction performance when used for the solid-phase microextraction of phenolic compounds. To optimize the extraction and detection performance, various experimental parameters were investigated, including the coating type, pH, salt concentration, extraction time, extraction temperature, stirring rate, desorption time, and temperature. Under the optimal conditions identified, the method exhibited low limits of detection ranging from 0.001 to 0.007 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> and wide linearity in the concentration range 0.030 to 10.000 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>. Noteworthily, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of five phenols in actual water samples, achieving satisfactory recoveries between 90.5% and 110.5%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07064-6
Rui Li, Wenzhong Que, Haiyan Han, Honghui Shi, Rongfeng Wang, Bin Qiu
IL-17 (interleukin-17) is a common proinflammatory cytokine and can be adopted as an important biomarker for several diseases; it is thus very necessary to design an effective method for monitoring IL-17. Herein, by preparing silver nanoparticles/graphdiyne (Ag/GDY) with simple electroless deposition as the sensing platform and methylene blue/UiO-66-NH2 MOFs (MB/MOFs) as the signaling-amplifier, a highly efficient sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing (SLEI) platform was designed for IL-17 detection. The superior electrical property, easy preparation, large surface area, and high stability of Ag/GDY make it a desirable substrate to immobilize primary antibody of IL-17. Meanwhile, the unique structure of UiO-66-NH2 is beneficial to immobilize MB probe and secondary antibody. By optimizing experimental conditions, the MB current obtained at the as-designed SLEI platform increases along with IL-17 increase, and the related linearity is 1.0 pg mL−1–1.0 ng mL−1 coupled with a low detection limit of 0.3 pg mL−1. It is expected that the SLEI platform based on Ag/GDY and MB/MOFs shows some potential application for IL-17 detection.
Graphical abstract
{"title":"Sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing of IL-17 based on silver nanoparticles/graphdiyne and methylene blue/UiO-66-NH2","authors":"Rui Li, Wenzhong Que, Haiyan Han, Honghui Shi, Rongfeng Wang, Bin Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07064-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07064-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>IL-17 (interleukin-17) is a common proinflammatory cytokine and can be adopted as an important biomarker for several diseases; it is thus very necessary to design an effective method for monitoring IL-17. Herein, by preparing silver nanoparticles/graphdiyne (Ag/GDY) with simple electroless deposition as the sensing platform and methylene blue/UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> MOFs (MB/MOFs) as the signaling-amplifier, a highly efficient sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing (SLEI) platform was designed for IL-17 detection. The superior electrical property, easy preparation, large surface area, and high stability of Ag/GDY make it a desirable substrate to immobilize primary antibody of IL-17. Meanwhile, the unique structure of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> is beneficial to immobilize MB probe and secondary antibody. By optimizing experimental conditions, the MB current obtained at the as-designed SLEI platform increases along with IL-17 increase, and the related linearity is 1.0 pg mL<sup>−1</sup>–1.0 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> coupled with a low detection limit of 0.3 pg mL<sup>−1</sup>. It is expected that the SLEI platform based on Ag/GDY and MB/MOFs shows some potential application for IL-17 detection.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multifunctional nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention in the design of new SERS substrates. In this work, a metal-organic framework (MOF) modified with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and cysteine functionalized Fe3O4 (UiO-66-NH2/Fe3O4/Ag) was prepared as a SERS substrate (UFAs). The substrate combines the enrichment ability of UiO-66-NH2, the magnetic separation ability of Fe3O4, and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag NPs to achieve efficient detection of the target analyte. The results of adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption process of malachite green (MG) was mainly dominated by chemical adsorption. In addition, we further explored the detection mechanism of UFAs for MG. UFAs enriched cation analytes such as MG through π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction and performed SERS detection. The UFA SERS substrate exhibits good detection sensitivity for MG, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.35 × 10−10 M (at 1619 cm−1), and the SERS substrate has good uniformity and stability. The SERS substrate was applied to the detection of MG in aquaculture water. The recovery of MG in the sample was 91.2–105%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.76–6.06%. This high-performance UFA SERS substrate also has great potential for the detection of food and other environmental pollutants in practical applications.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of malachite green by multifunctional octahedron UiO- 66-NH2/Fe3O4/Ag SERS substrate","authors":"Xiaobo Ma, Fang Mi, Pengfei Geng, Guotong Chen, Shan Zhang, Zhiyuan Sun, Jian Sun, Peng Chen, Ming Guan","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07165-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07165-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multifunctional nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention in the design of new SERS substrates. In this work, a metal-organic framework (MOF) modified with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and cysteine functionalized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Ag) was prepared as a SERS substrate (UFAs). The substrate combines the enrichment ability of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>, the magnetic separation ability of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag NPs to achieve efficient detection of the target analyte. The results of adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption process of malachite green (MG) was mainly dominated by chemical adsorption. In addition, we further explored the detection mechanism of UFAs for MG. UFAs enriched cation analytes such as MG through π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction and performed SERS detection. The UFA SERS substrate exhibits good detection sensitivity for MG, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.35 × 10<sup>−10</sup> M (at 1619 cm<sup>−1</sup>), and the SERS substrate has good uniformity and stability. The SERS substrate was applied to the detection of MG in aquaculture water. The recovery of MG in the sample was 91.2–105%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.76–6.06%. This high-performance UFA SERS substrate also has great potential for the detection of food and other environmental pollutants in practical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07160-7
Zhaojing Yuan, Long Yu, Wenyuan Jiang, Xin Li, Zhiqing Wen, Xiangyang Hao, Mingtai Sun, Suhua Wang
A simple and effective metal–organic coordination polymer, EuIn@MOCPs, which enables the rapid and selective detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) among tetracycline antibiotics was successfully synthesized. Unlike the previously reported rare-earth-doped metal–organic complexes, this probe not only exhibits the common 617-nm characteristic peak in response to OTC but also uniquely generates uncommon peak shifts at 591 nm and 652 nm, allowing it to specifically recognize OTC among tetracycline antibiotics. We found that the response of the probe and OTC had a linear relationship with a detection limit as low as 42.3 nM within the 0–90-μM concentration range using multi-peak ratio fluorescence testing. Finally, the rich color change from blue to red in fluorescence makes this probe an excellent candidate for the development of high-performance visual fluorescent test strips. This achievement provides an effective approach for fluorescent probes to recognize structurally similar contaminants.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A rare multi-emission metal–organic complex fluorescent probe for direct oxytetracycline recognition","authors":"Zhaojing Yuan, Long Yu, Wenyuan Jiang, Xin Li, Zhiqing Wen, Xiangyang Hao, Mingtai Sun, Suhua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07160-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07160-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple and effective metal–organic coordination polymer, EuIn@MOCPs, which enables the rapid and selective detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) among tetracycline antibiotics was successfully synthesized. Unlike the previously reported rare-earth-doped metal–organic complexes, this probe not only exhibits the common 617-nm characteristic peak in response to OTC but also uniquely generates uncommon peak shifts at 591 nm and 652 nm, allowing it to specifically recognize OTC among tetracycline antibiotics. We found that the response of the probe and OTC had a linear relationship with a detection limit as low as 42.3 nM within the 0–90-μM concentration range using multi-peak ratio fluorescence testing. Finally, the rich color change from blue to red in fluorescence makes this probe an excellent candidate for the development of high-performance visual fluorescent test strips. This achievement provides an effective approach for fluorescent probes to recognize structurally similar contaminants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07162-5
Xue Chen, Chenyang Wang, Mao Li, Dexiu Zhang, Yinmao Wei
Developing adsorbents capable of extracting rare earth element (REE) in harsh acidic solution is a challenging issue in the recycle of REE from secondary resources. In this work, porous polystyrene resin was facile modified with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine followed by methylenebis(phosphonic dichloride) to create a polydentate phosphonate-functionalized adsorbent for this purpose. The adsorption properties of four REE ions (Ce3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, and Dy3+) were investigated in terms of affinity constants, selectivity, and recovery. The adsorption mechanism of adsorbent for REE ions is regarded as the strong chelation interaction provided by the phosphonate ligand, which was verified by the experiments of acid and salt effects, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. By using the diluted digest solution of a permanent magnet as model of strong acidic sample (1 mol/L HCl), the batch adsorption method generates high recovery ranging from 58.1 to 100% toward five REE ions (Y3+, Ce3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, and Dy3+), while the simulated continuous column bed enhances their total contents from 35.4% in the original digest solution to 88.9% in the eluent. In conclusion, the adsorbent indicates an excellent extraction ability in harsh acidic solution, and the recycle of REE using this adsorbent can predictably reduce alkali consumption to neutralize digest solution of secondary resources and improve greenness in manufacture.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Preparation of polydentate phosphonate-functionalized adsorbent for selective extraction of rare earth ions in harsh acidic solution","authors":"Xue Chen, Chenyang Wang, Mao Li, Dexiu Zhang, Yinmao Wei","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07162-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07162-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing adsorbents capable of extracting rare earth element (REE) in harsh acidic solution is a challenging issue in the recycle of REE from secondary resources. In this work, porous polystyrene resin was facile modified with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine followed by methylenebis(phosphonic dichloride) to create a polydentate phosphonate-functionalized adsorbent for this purpose. The adsorption properties of four REE ions (Ce<sup>3+</sup>, Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup>, and Dy<sup>3+</sup>) were investigated in terms of affinity constants, selectivity, and recovery. The adsorption mechanism of adsorbent for REE ions is regarded as the strong chelation interaction provided by the phosphonate ligand, which was verified by the experiments of acid and salt effects, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. By using the diluted digest solution of a permanent magnet as model of strong acidic sample (1 mol/L HCl), the batch adsorption method generates high recovery ranging from 58.1 to 100% toward five REE ions (Y<sup>3+</sup>, Ce<sup>3+</sup>, Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup>, and Dy<sup>3+</sup>), while the simulated continuous column bed enhances their total contents from 35.4% in the original digest solution to 88.9% in the eluent. In conclusion, the adsorbent indicates an excellent extraction ability in harsh acidic solution, and the recycle of REE using this adsorbent can predictably reduce alkali consumption to neutralize digest solution of secondary resources and improve greenness in manufacture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrochemical sensors are at the forefront of analytical technology, offering remarkable sensitivity and rapid response for detecting a wide range of chemical and biological compounds. Herein, a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) is engineered and combined with graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) to demonstrate exceptional electrochemical performance toward the anti-cancer drug flutamide. A simple solvothermal method is used to synthesize MOF and GCN. These materials are then used as precursors to synthesize the MOF@GCN nanocomposite via a sonication method. The formation of the nanocomposite is confirmed using various characterization techniques like UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, TGA, SEM, and TEM. The electrochemical characterization is performed using EIS, and the electrochemical measurements are conducted using CV and LSV. The results obtained from the electrochemical parameters indicate good operational stability, high sensitivity, reliability, and excellent electrochemical conductivity. The LSV curves show linearity over a wide range of flutamide concentration levels (10 to 180 nM), a limit of detection of 17.56 nM, a limit of quantification of 53.23 nM, and an optimal sensitivity of 22.89 µA µM−1 cm−2. This electrical response of the sensor is attributed to the abundance of active sites, accelerated diffusion, and low rate of recombination. The real sample analysis conducted in biofluids and environmental samples also demonstrate good recovery for the flutamide analyte. The theoretical results obtained from the computational DFT analysis on the analyte are also in good agreement with the experimental results. In a wider perspective, the development of this electrochemical sensor promises significant advancements in health monitoring and environmental protection.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Synergistic innovation: MOF@GCN hybrid for electrochemical detection of flutamide—bridging experimental, computational, and real-world applications","authors":"Sirisha Subbareddy, Arehalli Shivamurthy Santhosh, Sahana Kamanna Metry, Kumar Venkatesan, Manickam Selvaraj, Srujan Basavapura Ravikumar, Sandeep Shadakshari","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07164-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07164-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical sensors are at the forefront of analytical technology, offering remarkable sensitivity and rapid response for detecting a wide range of chemical and biological compounds. Herein, a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) is engineered and combined with graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) to demonstrate exceptional electrochemical performance toward the anti-cancer drug flutamide. A simple solvothermal method is used to synthesize MOF and GCN. These materials are then used as precursors to synthesize the MOF@GCN nanocomposite via a sonication method. The formation of the nanocomposite is confirmed using various characterization techniques like UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, TGA, SEM, and TEM. The electrochemical characterization is performed using EIS, and the electrochemical measurements are conducted using CV and LSV. The results obtained from the electrochemical parameters indicate good operational stability, high sensitivity, reliability, and excellent electrochemical conductivity. The LSV curves show linearity over a wide range of flutamide concentration levels (10 to 180 nM), a limit of detection of 17.56 nM, a limit of quantification of 53.23 nM, and an optimal sensitivity of 22.89 µA µM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. This electrical response of the sensor is attributed to the abundance of active sites, accelerated diffusion, and low rate of recombination. The real sample analysis conducted in biofluids and environmental samples also demonstrate good recovery for the flutamide analyte. The theoretical results obtained from the computational DFT analysis on the analyte are also in good agreement with the experimental results. In a wider perspective, the development of this electrochemical sensor promises significant advancements in health monitoring and environmental protection.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07146-5
Raúl Sancho-García, Fernando Navarro-Villoslada, Fernando Pradanas-González, Henri O. Arola, Bettina Glahn-Martínez, Tarja K. Nevanen, Elena Benito-Peña
Consumption of edible insects is common in non-Western countries of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. However, their consumption has significantly increased in Europe in recent years thanks to their remarkable nutritional properties. Edible insects provide a valuable source of high-quality proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. Nevertheless, the absence of global regulatory guidelines poses a risk associated with their consumption due to the potential presence of pathogens and contaminants, such as mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds produced by fungi and represent a major threat to food and feed safety. Our approach integrates advanced nanobiotechnology to develop fluorescent antibodies by conjugating a recombinant superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) with a single-chain antibody (scFv). This fusion allows for precise detection of the immune complex formed between the HT-2 toxin and a biotinylated anti-HT-2 antibody. Additionally, we employed advanced computational tools, including AlphaFold and MOE, to deepen our understanding of the binding interactions present in the immune complex, confirming the strong interaction between the Fab/HT-2 toxin immunocomplex and the scFv antibody fragment, in contrast to the weaker binding observed with the Fab/T-2 toxin and the scFv. The method demonstrates high sensitivity, with an EC50 of 10.3 ± 0.6 ng mL−1, a dynamic range of 3.4 ± 0.1 to 31 ± 3 ng mL−1, a limit of detection of 0.43 ng mL−1, and a limit of quantification of 1.2 ng mL−1 in buffer solution. The assay exhibited excellent precision, with a reproducibility of 4% and no cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins. Application to contaminated cricket flour yielded recoveries between 91 and 133%, with coefficients of variation from 6 to 13%. These results indicate that the developed immunoassay is highly sensitive, selective, and reliable for detecting HT-2 toxin in food matrices, providing a promising tool for mycotoxin screening in food safety.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Biotechnology-enhanced immunoassay for accurate determination of HT-2 toxin in edible insect samples","authors":"Raúl Sancho-García, Fernando Navarro-Villoslada, Fernando Pradanas-González, Henri O. Arola, Bettina Glahn-Martínez, Tarja K. Nevanen, Elena Benito-Peña","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07146-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07146-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consumption of edible insects is common in non-Western countries of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. However, their consumption has significantly increased in Europe in recent years thanks to their remarkable nutritional properties. Edible insects provide a valuable source of high-quality proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. Nevertheless, the absence of global regulatory guidelines poses a risk associated with their consumption due to the potential presence of pathogens and contaminants, such as mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds produced by fungi and represent a major threat to food and feed safety. Our approach integrates advanced nanobiotechnology to develop fluorescent antibodies by conjugating a recombinant superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) with a single-chain antibody (scFv). This fusion allows for precise detection of the immune complex formed between the HT-2 toxin and a biotinylated anti-HT-2 antibody. Additionally, we employed advanced computational tools, including AlphaFold and MOE, to deepen our understanding of the binding interactions present in the immune complex, confirming the strong interaction between the Fab/HT-2 toxin immunocomplex and the scFv antibody fragment, in contrast to the weaker binding observed with the Fab/T-2 toxin and the scFv. The method demonstrates high sensitivity, with an EC<sub>50</sub> of 10.3 ± 0.6 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, a dynamic range of 3.4 ± 0.1 to 31 ± 3 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, a limit of detection of 0.43 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, and a limit of quantification of 1.2 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> in buffer solution. The assay exhibited excellent precision, with a reproducibility of 4% and no cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins. Application to contaminated cricket flour yielded recoveries between 91 and 133%, with coefficients of variation from 6 to 13%. These results indicate that the developed immunoassay is highly sensitive, selective, and reliable for detecting HT-2 toxin in food matrices, providing a promising tool for mycotoxin screening in food safety.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07161-6
Chou-Yi Hsu, Prakash Kanjariya, I. A. Ariffin, Asha Rajiv, Aditya Kashyap, G. D. Anbarasi Jebaselvi, Satish Choudhury, Yashpal Yadav, P. Sankara Rao, Sanjeev Kumar Shah, Amrindra Pal
A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor design for point-of-care detection of different bacteria is presented. It consists of a SiO2 prism, metal (Ag), silicon carbide (SiC), 2D materials of zirconium nitride (ZrN), and a sensing medium. The proposed structure’s angular reflectivity is investigated using the transfer matrix method (TMM) following optimization of the Ag and SiC layer thicknesses. For the various types of bacteria such as Staphylococcus (S) aureus, faecalis 9790, aureus Duncan, and aureus 52A5, the maximal sensitivity of 327, 362.45, 301.46, and 269.87°/RIU is achieved with remarkable minimum reflectance (Rmin). According to simulation results, using a new class of 2D materials significantly improves the sensor performance over the conventional SPR configuration. Furthermore, the proposed SPR structure is presented with COMSOL Multiphysics to measure the electric field enhancement factor and intensity close to the ZrN material-sensing layer interface. Using the fabrication technologies to fabricate the proposed sensor as an SPR chip is worthwhile due to its real-time and label-free detection of malaria diseases.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Silicon carbide and zirconium nitride-based surface plasmon resonance sensors for detecting Serratia marcescens and Micrococcus lysodeikticus","authors":"Chou-Yi Hsu, Prakash Kanjariya, I. A. Ariffin, Asha Rajiv, Aditya Kashyap, G. D. Anbarasi Jebaselvi, Satish Choudhury, Yashpal Yadav, P. Sankara Rao, Sanjeev Kumar Shah, Amrindra Pal","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07161-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07161-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor design for point-of-care detection of different bacteria is presented. It consists of a SiO<sub>2</sub> prism, metal (Ag), silicon carbide (SiC), 2D materials of zirconium nitride (ZrN), and a sensing medium. The proposed structure’s angular reflectivity is investigated using the transfer matrix method (TMM) following optimization of the Ag and SiC layer thicknesses. For the various types of bacteria such as <i>Staphylococcus (S) aureus</i>, <i>faecalis 9790</i>, <i>aureus Duncan</i>, and <i>aureus 52A5</i>, the maximal sensitivity of 327, 362.45, 301.46, and 269.87°/RIU is achieved with remarkable minimum reflectance (<i>R</i><sub>min</sub>). According to simulation results, using a new class of 2D materials significantly improves the sensor performance over the conventional SPR configuration. Furthermore, the proposed SPR structure is presented with COMSOL Multiphysics to measure the electric field enhancement factor and intensity close to the ZrN material-sensing layer interface. Using the fabrication technologies to fabricate the proposed sensor as an SPR chip is worthwhile due to its real-time and label-free detection of malaria diseases. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07154-5
Yihao Zhang, Haoming Xing, Houwen Hu, Sineng Gao, Xinru Liu, Linfan Wang, Ting Zhang, Xuan Leng, Da Chen
The persistent existence of flavonoid medications and hazardous ion residues continue to be a concern. Herein, a novel 3D cascade nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) based sensing platform for specific detection of rutin and Al3+ has been developed, utilizing 3,3-diaminobenzidine and catechol as precursors through solvothermal way. The N-CDs exhibit a blue emission peak at 410 nm and a green emission peak at 518 nm. Upon the introduction of rutin, the signal value at 410 nm is significantly reduced by strong inner filter effect (IFE) and weak fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) while the signal value at 518 nm is marginally quenched by weak IFE. Then, with the addition of Al3+, the rutin-Al3+ complex formed causes the decrease of the signal value at 410 nm by strong FRET and weak IFE while the signal value at 518 nm is decreased by strong IFE. Correspondingly, based on the 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, a novel cascade fluorescent sensor is designed, which shows a good linear relationship with the concentration of rutin and Al3+ within the ranges 0.059–35 μM and 0.098–20 μM, featuring limits of detection (LOD) around 59 nM and 98 nM, respectively. In addition, a fluorescence sensing platform based on the lateral flow assay installation has been developed for portable and on-site detection of rutin and Al3+. This work not only broadens the application scope of CDs in sensing fields but also offers a highly effective approach for creating a superior fluorescent sensor to detect rutin and Al3+, ultimately enhancing capabilities in environmental monitoring.
Graphical abstract
{"title":"Triggering cascade detection of rutin and Al3+ via 3D ratiometric fluorescent probe through lateral flow assay installation based on dual-emission carbon dots","authors":"Yihao Zhang, Haoming Xing, Houwen Hu, Sineng Gao, Xinru Liu, Linfan Wang, Ting Zhang, Xuan Leng, Da Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07154-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07154-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The persistent existence of flavonoid medications and hazardous ion residues continue to be a concern. Herein, a novel 3D cascade nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) based sensing platform for specific detection of rutin and Al<sup>3+</sup> has been developed, utilizing 3,3-diaminobenzidine and catechol as precursors through solvothermal way. The N-CDs exhibit a blue emission peak at 410 nm and a green emission peak at 518 nm. Upon the introduction of rutin, the signal value at 410 nm is significantly reduced by strong inner filter effect (IFE) and weak fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) while the signal value at 518 nm is marginally quenched by weak IFE. Then, with the addition of Al<sup>3+</sup>, the rutin-Al<sup>3+</sup> complex formed causes the decrease of the signal value at 410 nm by strong FRET and weak IFE while the signal value at 518 nm is decreased by strong IFE. Correspondingly, based on the 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, a novel cascade fluorescent sensor is designed, which shows a good linear relationship with the concentration of rutin and Al<sup>3+</sup> within the ranges 0.059–35 μM and 0.098–20 μM, featuring limits of detection (LOD) around 59 nM and 98 nM, respectively. In addition, a fluorescence sensing platform based on the lateral flow assay installation has been developed for portable and on-site detection of rutin and Al<sup>3+</sup>. This work not only broadens the application scope of CDs in sensing fields but also offers a highly effective approach for creating a superior fluorescent sensor to detect rutin and Al<sup>3+</sup>, ultimately enhancing capabilities in environmental monitoring.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Designing advanced photofunctional materials within the core of ionic liquids (ILs) has stimulated considerable attention within the scientific communities due to their impactful significance and physicochemical properties such as ionic nature, low melting point, non-volatility, and tunability without hampering their inherent photofunctionality. Herein, we have synthesized a photoluminescent IL, HTIL from 8-hydroxy pyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt [HPTS] and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([TTP]Cl) by simple ionic exchange reaction. Water-dispersible IL-based low-dimensional materials referred to as nHTIL were developed by a reprecipitation technique and validated using various spectroscopic and microscopic analyses methods. We have successfully demonstrated that neat HTIL could be used as a solvent-free fluorescent ink and checked its superiority as a security writing tool. A ratiometric cyanish to bluish fluorometric change is observed upon the addition of diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), a sarin mimic in the solution having detection and quantification limits within the µM range. Also, a portable and super handy paper-based test kit experiment has been illustrated and performed verifying DCP detection in the solid phase. A vapor strip–based experiment by nHTIL was conducted to explore the vapor phase detection of DCP. This report presents an innovative way to develop DCP-sensitive IL-based low-dimensional materials exhibiting remarkable properties compared to traditional ones for forensic and environmental monitoring.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A ratiometric ionic liquids-based micro-optode for instant and specific detection of nerve agent analog","authors":"Najmin Tohora, Sabbir Ahamed, Jyoti Chourasia, Upika Darnal, Subekchha Pradhan, Shraddha Rai, Shubham Lama, Sudhir Kumar Das","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07153-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07153-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Designing advanced photofunctional materials within the core of ionic liquids (ILs) has stimulated considerable attention within the scientific communities due to their impactful significance and physicochemical properties such as ionic nature, low melting point, non-volatility, and tunability without hampering their inherent photofunctionality. Herein, we have synthesized a photoluminescent IL, <b>HTIL</b> from 8-hydroxy pyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt [HPTS] and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([TTP]Cl) by simple ionic exchange reaction. Water-dispersible IL-based low-dimensional materials referred to as <b>nHTIL</b> were developed by a reprecipitation technique and validated using various spectroscopic and microscopic analyses methods. We have successfully demonstrated that neat <b>HTIL</b> could be used as a solvent-free fluorescent ink and checked its superiority as a security writing tool. A ratiometric cyanish to bluish fluorometric change is observed upon the addition of diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), a sarin mimic in the solution having detection and quantification limits within the µM range. Also, a portable and super handy paper-based test kit experiment has been illustrated and performed verifying DCP detection in the solid phase. A vapor strip–based experiment by <b>nHTIL</b> was conducted to explore the vapor phase detection of DCP. This report presents an innovative way to develop DCP-sensitive IL-based low-dimensional materials exhibiting remarkable properties compared to traditional ones for forensic and environmental monitoring.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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