Microchimica Acta最新文献_第3页

A novel electrochemical sensor based on MIP technology for sensitive determination of cinacalcet hydrochloride in tablet dosage form and serum samples

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07152-7

Ipek Kucuk, Selenay Sadak, Selda Zengin Kurnalı, Sacide Altınöz, Bengi Uslu

Cinacalcet hydrochloride (CIN) is a calcium-sensing receptor agonist used to treat hypercalcemia in the parathyroid. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)–based sensor (CIN@MIP/GCE) was electropolymerized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the functional monomer o-phenylenediamine (o–PD) with a template molecule CIN on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The optimum performance of the MIP-based electrode for CIN detection was obtained with parameters of a 1:7 monomer ratio, a 15-min removal time, ethanol as a removal solution, and a 15-min rebinding time. The surface characterization of the CIN@MIP/GCE sensor was conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed for electrochemical characterization with [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻/⁴⁻ redox probe. AFM findings show that the MIP sensor with CIN-specific voids on the surface has a root-mean-square (RMS) value of 27.95, while the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) sensor without voids has a smoother surface formation and an RMS value of 21.30 nm. The analytical efficacy of the constructed sensor was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.17 × 10⁻¹², with a linear range of 1.0 × 10⁻¹²–1.0 × 10⁻¹¹ M. The reliability of the constructed sensor was determined using CIN detection in real samples as tablet dosage form and human serum, yielding recovery results of 100.19% and 101.82%, respectively. The selectivity investigation was performed against prevalent interference substances. The relative imprinting factor (IF) values of CIN impurities confirmed the selectivity of the CIN sensor.

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in microfluidic-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platforms for biomedical applications

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07135-8

Zaman Abdalhussein Ibadi Alaridhee, Mohammed B. Alqaraguly, Shoira Formanova, Rustamkhon Kuryazov, Morug Salih Mahdi, Waam Mohammed Taher, Mariem Alwan, Majid S. Jabir, Faeza H. Zankanah, Hasan Majdi, Mahmod Jasem Jawad, Atheer Khdyair Hamad, Khurshed Bozorov

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques seamlessly combine electrochemical and spectroscopic principles, offering a powerful platform for the detection of biomarkers and biological molecules in clinical and biomedical settings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microfluidic PEC probes, emphasizing their potential for ultrasensitive detection through enhanced light absorption and charge transfer processes. Key advantages of microfluidic PEC include real-time monitoring of biological processes, non-invasive detection, and the possibility of multiplexing when integrated with various quantification modalities. However, the practical implementation of PEC faces challenges such as bulky setup, matrix interference, and stability of PEC-active materials. Also, this paper discusses the intricate mechanisms of PEC sensing, highlighting the roles of nanomaterials in enhancing microfluidic PEC systems. Additionally, the limitations inherent in PEC material selection, including stability and bandgap engineering, are critically discussed. Solutions such as doping and the development of composite materials are proposed to address these issues. Through presented examples of PEC applications in biomedical fields, this review elucidates the future potential of PEC-based methods as reliable and effective tools for diagnostic applications. Additionally, this review proposes the most effective probes for future investigations to develop commercial devices.

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0

Aptamer-regulated colorimetric and electrochemical dual-mode sensor for the detection of uranyl ions utilizing AuNCs@COF composite 利用 AuNCs@COF 复合材料检测铀酰离子的色度和电化学双模式传感器

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07156-3

Zhijun Chen, Jinquan Liu, Wenyu Wang, Guoqing Qin, Siru Liu, Weilin Zhang, Changmin Peng, Yan Tan, Zhongran Dai, Deshuai Zhen, Le Li

Uranium is the core material for the development of the nuclear industry, but its irreversible radiation damage poses a significant threat to human health. In this context, an innovative dual-mode colorimetric and electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of uranyl ions (UO₂²⁺), utilizing a covalent organic framework@gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@COF) composite. The synthesis of AuNCs@COF was simple, and the incorporation of AuNCs imparted the composite with exceptional peroxidase-like catalytic activity and enhanced electrochemical properties. By regulating the adsorption and desorption of aptamers on the AuNCs@COF surface, both peroxidase-like activity and conductivity were modulated, enabling the detection of UO₂²⁺ utilizing colorimetric and electrochemical dual signals. Under optimal conditions, the sensor revealed a broad linear detection range and a low detection limit, with ranges of 1.36 × 10^–10—1.36 × 10^–5 mol/L for colorimetric detection and 5.0 × 10^–10—2.5 × 10^–5 mol/L for electrochemical detection, achieving detection limits for these two methods of 107 pmol/L and 347 pmol/L, respectively. Unlike other single-mode sensors for UO₂²⁺ detection, this dual-mode sensor demonstrated superior sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. Furthermore, the results of spiked recovery experiments in real water samples highlight the promising potential of this dual-mode sensor for environmental water monitoring applications.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical detection of S. typhimurium based on peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticle-doped CuZr-MOF nanozyme

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07163-4

Xiaodong Cao, Chenlu Zhang, Yunan Xu, Wei Wang, Huiying Hu, Keji Chen, Jing Yang, Shudong He, Hanju Sun, Yongkang Ye

An electrochemical biosensor using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-doped bimetallic-organic framework (BMOF) with enhanced peroxidase-like activity was constructed to detect Salmonella Typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The BMOF of CuZr-MOF was synthesized via a two-step method and used as carrier to in situ immobilize AuNPs. Due to the stability of Zr-MOF, the good electrocatalytic ability of Cu (II), and the synergetic effects of AuNPs, Cu (II) and Zr (IV), the prepared AuNPs@CuZr-MOF nanozyme showed improved stability and catalytic activity to H₂O₂ oxidation. The oxidation reaction was found to be a surface-controlled process of electron transfer and a pH-dependent electron transfer process of oxidation reaction involving two electrons. Further, AuNPs@CuZr-MOF was biofunctionalized with signal DNA probe, forming sDNA-AuNPs@CuZr-MOF nanotags. The biosensing platform was constructed on a glassy carbon electrode modified sequentially with electrodeposited AuNPs, capture DNA probe (cDNA), and BSA. Finally, a sandwich-type detection structure was formed by hybridization reactions between cDNA and target invA gene of S. typhimurium, as well as between invA gene and the sDNA of sDNA@AuNPs@CuZr-MOF nanotags. Under optimized experimental conditions, the biosensor achieved a linear range of 1 × 10⁻¹⁶ to 1 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ for the target invA gene with a detection limit (LOD) of 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁷ mol L⁻¹ using differential pulse voltammetry measurement (DPV). It was successfully applied to the direct and quantitative detection of invA gene segments in total DNA extracts of S. typhimurium, showing a linear range from 3.5 to 3.5 × 10⁶ CFU mL⁻¹ and a LOD of 0.82 CFU mL⁻¹. The fabricated biosensor exhibited good selectivity, reproducibility, and storage stability, enabling its use for the detection of invA gene segments in contaminated milk, with recoveries between 95.9% and 103.1%.

Graphical Abstract

利用掺杂金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的双金属有机框架（BMOF）构建了一种电化学生物传感器，该传感器具有增强的过氧化物酶样活性，可用于检测鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（S. typhimurium）。CuZr-MOF 的 BMOF 通过两步法合成，并用作原位固定 AuNPs 的载体。由于 Zr-MOF 的稳定性、Cu (II) 的良好电催化能力以及 AuNPs、Cu (II) 和 Zr (IV) 的协同作用，制备的 AuNPs@CuZr-MOF 纳米酶表现出更高的稳定性和对 H2O2 氧化的催化活性。研究发现，该氧化反应是一个由表面控制的电子传递过程，也是一个由两个电子参与的、依赖于 pH 值的氧化反应电子传递过程。此外，将 AuNPs@CuZr-MOF 与信号 DNA 探针进行生物功能化，形成了 sDNA-AuNPs@CuZr-MOF 纳米标签。该生物传感平台是在依次用电沉积 AuNPs、捕获 DNA 探针（cDNA）和 BSA 修饰的玻璃碳电极上构建的。最后，cDNA 与鼠伤寒杆菌的目标 invA 基因杂交，以及 invA 基因与 sDNA@AuNPs@CuZr-MOF 纳米标签的 sDNA 杂交，形成了夹心型检测结构。在优化的实验条件下，该生物传感器对目标 invA 基因的线性范围为 1 × 10-16 至 1 × 10-8 mol L-1，检测限（LOD）为 6.2 × 10-17 mol L-1。该方法成功地应用于伤寒杆菌总 DNA 提取物中 invA 基因片段的直接定量检测，其线性范围为 3.5 至 3.5 × 106 CFU mL-1，检测限为 0.82 CFU mL-1。制备的生物传感器具有良好的选择性、再现性和储存稳定性，可用于检测受污染牛奶中的 invA 基因片段，回收率在 95.9% 至 103.1% 之间。

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引用次数: 0

Homogeneous electrochemiluminescence sensor based on novel Ru-MOF nanosheets for highly sensitive and efficient detection of glutathione without immobilization

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07115-y

Xin Wang, Zhaojiang Yin, Binghui Li, Huiting Hu, Hao Fan, Hanfeng Cui, Jing Zhang

Glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant, plays a crucial role in maintaining redox balance and other essential physiological functions in the body. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology holds great potential for GSH detection due to its excellent performance. However, most existing ECL probes rely on heterodyne detection, where the probe must be immobilized on the electrode surface. This approach not only limits detection to the solid–liquid interface, thereby affecting identification efficiency, but also risks probe detachment or reduced activity due to instability during the immobilization process, which in turn compromises sensitivity and accuracy. These limitations make heterodyne detection challenging in practical applications, highlighting the need for improvements and innovation. In this study, we synthesized a water-soluble ECL probe using tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium (Ru(dcbpy)₃²⁺)-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (RuMOFNSs), enabling efficient and reliable GSH detection under homogeneous conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that the probe exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity across a concentration range from 10 mM to 10 pM, with a detection limit as low as 0.57 pM, and was able to achieve a rapid response within 5 min. In addition, the sensor showed excellent performance in analysis of real human serum samples. In this study, an ultrasensitive ECL sensing system for GSH detection based on MOF materials is proposed for the first time and provides an effective method for the monitoring of diseases related to GSH levels in the clinic.

Graphical abstract

谷胱甘肽（GSH）是一种关键的抗氧化剂，在维持体内氧化还原平衡和其他基本生理功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。电化学发光（ECL）技术因其卓越的性能而在 GSH 检测方面具有巨大潜力。然而，现有的大多数 ECL 探针都依赖于外差法检测，即探针必须固定在电极表面。这种方法不仅将检测范围限制在固液界面，从而影响识别效率，而且在固定过程中由于不稳定性还可能导致探针脱落或活性降低，进而影响灵敏度和准确性。这些局限性使得外差法检测在实际应用中面临挑战，凸显了改进和创新的必要性。在本研究中，我们利用三(2,2′-联吡啶)钌（Ru(dcbpy)₃2⁺）功能化金属有机框架（RuMOFNSs）合成了一种水溶性 ECL 探针，可在均相条件下高效、可靠地检测 GSH。实验结果表明，该探针在 10 mM 至 10 pM 的浓度范围内表现出优异的灵敏度和选择性，检测限低至 0.57 pM，并能在 5 分钟内实现快速反应。此外，该传感器在分析真实人体血清样本时表现出卓越的性能。该研究首次提出了一种基于MOF材料的超灵敏GSH检测ECL传感系统，为临床上监测与GSH水平相关的疾病提供了一种有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

CHA-based microarray with Cas12a universal readout for multiple microRNA detection

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07049-5

Mingkun Liu, Lei Yan, Zhixiong Lin, Dianming Wu, Bin Qiu, Shangeng Weng

Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR), a congenital condition characterized by the absence of nerve cells in the intestinal wall, often requires early and accurate diagnosis for optimal patient outcomes. In this study, we developed a novel and ultrasensitive biosensing strategy for the detection of HSCR-related microRNAs (miRNAs) by integrating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with CRISPR-Cas12a technology. A two-stage process consists of array recognition, and a universal readout is designed. In the first stage, target miRNAs are recognized and amplified on a solid-phase microarray, while in the second stage, the accumulated conversion chains which are not related to target sequences, activate Cas12a, leading to the cleavage of reporter DNA and the generation of a fluorescence signal spatially separated from the first stage. The proposed method was validated for the comprehensive detection of HSCR-related miRNAs and demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. This work represents a significant advancement in miRNA diagnostics and holds potential for broader clinical applications.

Graphical abstract

赫氏肠病（HSCR）是一种以肠壁神经细胞缺失为特征的先天性疾病，通常需要早期准确诊断才能获得最佳疗效。在这项研究中，我们将催化发夹组装（CHA）与 CRISPR-Cas12a 技术相结合，开发出一种新型超灵敏生物传感策略，用于检测与 HSCR 相关的 microRNA（miRNA）。该方法包括阵列识别和通用读出两个阶段。在第一阶段，目标 miRNA 在固相芯片上被识别和扩增；在第二阶段，积累的与目标序列无关的转换链激活 Cas12a，导致报告 DNA 断裂，产生与第一阶段在空间上分离的荧光信号。所提出的方法经验证可用于全面检测与 HSCR 相关的 miRNA，并表现出较高的灵敏度和特异性。这项工作代表了 miRNA 诊断领域的重大进展，具有更广泛的临床应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A G-quadruplex-based method to detect ClO− in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of stress-induced hypertension by self-complementary DNA probe

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07080-6

Haisheng Liu, Hongyu Wang, Chao Zhang, Meng Wang, Qian Liu, Yaru Zhao, Jiaxing Yu, Guihong Zhao, Ming Zhang

A G-quadruplex-based fluorescent biosensor is introduced that employs a self-complementary DNA probe for detection of hypochlorite ions (ClO⁻) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of rats afflicted with stress-induced hypertension (SIH). The biosensor capitalizes on the interaction between Thioflavin T (ThT) and guanine-rich DNA sequences, exhibiting exceptional sensitivity, specificity, and swift detection capabilities for ClO⁻. Through optimization of the detection parameters, we achieved a minimal detection threshold of 0.0486 μM and a rapid reaction time of 5 min. The biosensor’s high selectivity for ClO⁻ was confirmed by its lack of response to other reactive oxygen species (ROS). When applied to SIH rat models, the biosensor revealed markedly elevated ClO⁻ levels in the RVLM of SIH rats versus control rats, implicating ClO⁻ in the disease’s pathophysiology. This label-free, G-quadruplex-based biosensor represents a significant advancement in the detection of ClO⁻, offering a highly sensitive and specific tool for monitoring reactive oxygen species in biological systems. This study not only deepens our comprehension of SIH but also offers a potent diagnostic and monitoring tool for ROS-related diseases, with implications for therapeutic intervention and disease management.

Graphical Abstract

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引用次数: 0

Porous covalent architecture-involved luminescent smart hydrogel with target-responsive framework for signal-amplified inspection of aflatoxin B1

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07145-6

Tong Zhai, Yu-Di Shen, Miao Yu, Jing-Min Liu, Shuo Wang

Robust detection techniques combined with functional micro-/nano-entities can be an ideal solution for food-safety risk treatment related to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In this work, a porous covalent architecture-involved luminescent smart hydrogel with dynamic cross-linking and target-responsive framework was prepared for specific determination of AFB1 with remarkable sensitivity. Different from the existing hydrogel probe, the introduction of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enhanced the hydrophobicity of hydrogel, enabling the selective capture of AFB1 with improved affinity while excluding large matrix molecules, thus creating an anti-interference detection environment. Additionally, the pH-responsive carbon dots (CDs) embedded in the smart hydrogel contributed to a dual signal amplification, induced by deconstruction of hydrogel to release the CDs and urease-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction to increase the pH, when the AFB1 presented. In view of this signal amplification and trace enrichment strategy, this smart hydrogel can achieve robust determination of AFB1 with a detection limit of 0.03 µM as well as good specificity. The method was validated using real-world samples, demonstrating excellent accuracy and precision compared to standard HPLC methods. This work not only advances the field of AFB1 detection but also provides a versatile and cost-effective platform that can be adapted for the detection of other toxins and biomolecules, addressing global food safety and environmental monitoring challenges.

Graphical abstract

强大的检测技术与功能性微/纳米实体相结合，可以成为处理黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）相关食品安全风险的理想解决方案。本研究制备了一种具有动态交联和目标响应框架的多孔共价结构发光智能水凝胶，用于特异性检测 AFB1，灵敏度极高。与现有的水凝胶探针不同的是，共价有机框架（COFs）的引入增强了水凝胶的疏水性，从而在排除大基质分子的同时，以更高的亲和力选择性地捕获 AFB1，创造了一个抗干扰的检测环境。此外，当 AFB1 出现时，嵌入智能水凝胶中的 pH 响应碳点（CD）会通过解构水凝胶释放 CD 和脲酶催化水解反应提高 pH 值来实现双重信号放大。鉴于这种信号放大和痕量富集策略，这种智能水凝胶可实现对 AFB1 的稳健测定，检测限为 0.03 µM，并具有良好的特异性。该方法使用实际样品进行了验证，与标准的高效液相色谱法相比，具有极佳的准确性和精密度。这项工作不仅推动了 AFB1 检测领域的发展，还提供了一个多功能、高性价比的平台，可用于检测其他毒素和生物大分子，从而应对全球食品安全和环境监测方面的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Monolithic capillary electrochromatographic system based on gold nanoparticles and chitosan chiral molecularly imprinted polymers for enantioseparation of metolachlor and separation of structural analogs

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07142-9

Ziyun Bu, Qiankang Si, Xiaolin Lu, Pei Wang, Dezhen Wu, Yingying Mei

A novel monolithic capillary column (AuNPs@CMIP(poly-Chitosan)@capillary) with hybridized chiral molecular imprinted polymers (CMIPs) as stationary phase was prepared using S-metolachlor (S-MET) as template, chitosan as functional monomer, glutaraldehyde as cross-linker, and aminated-gold nanoparticles (NH₂-AuNPs) as nanocarriers. The capillary electrochromatography (CEC) system constructed by AuNPs@CMIP(poly-Chitosan)@capillary achieved the efficient chiral separation of MET (resolution (Rs) = 9.83) as well as separation of its various structural analogs (Rs > 1.58). In addition, AuNPs@CMIP(poly-Chitosan)@capillary exhibits satisfactory reproducibility and stability. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of migration times and Rs for intra-day, inter-day, and inter-column were all less than 6.1%, and no significant decline in separation performance was observed after 21 days of storage. NH₂-AuNPs, with their large specific surface area and stable structure, can provide abundant binding sites and play a supporting role, reducing the deformation and collapse of CMIPs’ cavities, and further ensuring the structural stability and separation performance of the stationary phase. Finally, parameters such as imprinting factor and selectivity factor were calculated by adsorption experiments, and the CEC separation mechanism was discussed. The chitosan CMIPs-based capillary monolithic column developed in this work has rarely been reported and is an innovative attempt, providing a feasible and promising approach for the development of CEC chiral monolithic stationary phases.

Graphical abstract

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引用次数: 0

Innovations in graphene-based electrochemical biosensors in healthcare applications

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07141-w

Sudenur Ozbey, Gulsu Keles, Sevinc Kurbanoglu

The isolation of a single atomic layer of graphite, known as graphene, marked a fundamental moment that transformed the field of materials science. Graphene-based nanomaterials are recognized for their superior biocompatibility compared with many other types of nanomaterials. Moreover, one of the main reasons for the growing interest in graphene is its potential applications in emerging technologies. Its key characteristics, including high electrical conductivity, excellent intrinsic charge carrier mobility, optical transparency, substantial specific surface area, and remarkable mechanical flexibility, position it as an ideal candidate for applications in solar cells and touch screens. Its durability further establishes graphene as a strong contender for developing robust materials. To date, a variety of methods, such as traditional spectroscopic techniques and chromatographic approaches, have been developed for detecting biomolecules, drugs, and heavy metals. Electrochemical methods, known for their portability, selectivity, and impressive sensitivity, offer considerable convenience for both patients and professionals in point-of-care diagnostics. Recent advancements have significantly improved the capacity for rapid and accurate detection of analytes in trace amounts, providing substantial benefits in biosensor technology. Additionally, the integration of nanotechnology has markedly enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors, yielding significantly improved results. Innovations such as point-of-care, lab-on-a-chip, implantable devices, and wearable sensors are discussed in this review.

Graphical abstract

单原子层石墨（即石墨烯）的分离标志着改变材料科学领域的一个重要时刻。与许多其他类型的纳米材料相比，以石墨烯为基础的纳米材料因其优越的生物相容性而得到公认。此外，石墨烯在新兴技术中的潜在应用也是石墨烯日益受到关注的主要原因之一。石墨烯的主要特性包括高导电性、优异的本征电荷载流子迁移率、光学透明性、巨大的比表面积和显著的机械柔韧性，这些特性使其成为太阳能电池和触摸屏应用的理想候选材料。石墨烯的耐久性进一步使其成为开发坚固材料的有力竞争者。迄今为止，人们已经开发出多种方法来检测生物分子、药物和重金属，如传统的光谱技术和色谱法。电化学方法以其便携性、选择性和令人印象深刻的灵敏度而著称，为患者和专业人员提供了极大的便利。最近的进步大大提高了对痕量分析物进行快速准确检测的能力，为生物传感器技术带来了巨大的好处。此外，纳米技术的集成也显著提高了电化学传感器的灵敏度和选择性，从而大大改善了结果。本综述讨论了护理点、芯片实验室、植入式设备和可穿戴传感器等创新技术。

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引用次数: 0