3 Biotech最新文献

Nature's evolutionary mastery has perfected design over the years, yielding organisms superbly adapted to their surroundings. This research delves into the promising domain of bio-inspired designs, poised to revolutionize mechanical engineering. Leveraging insights drawn from prior conversations, we categorize innovations influenced by life on land, in water, and through the air, emphasizing their pivotal contributions to mechanical properties. Our comprehensive review reveals a wealth of bio-inspired designs that have already made substantial inroads in mechanical engineering. From avian-inspired lightweight yet robust materials to hydrodynamically optimized forms borrowed from marine creatures, these innovations hold immense potential for enhancing mechanical systems. In conclusion, this study underscores the transformative potential of bio-inspired designs, offering improved mechanical characteristics and the promise of sustainability and efficiency across a broad spectrum of applications. This research envisions a future where bio-inspired designs shape the mechanical landscape, fostering a more harmonious coexistence between human technology and the natural world.

Understanding the genetic diversity of crops is of fundamental importance for the efficient use and improvement of germplasm resources. Different molecular genotyping systems have been implemented for population structure and phylogenetic relationships analyses, among which, microsatellites (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers have been the most widely used. This study reports the efficacy of SNPs detected via double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and SSRs analyzed via capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-resolution melting (HRM) in tomato. In total, 21,020 high-quality SNPs, 20 CE-SSRs, and 17 HRM-SSR markers were assayed in a panel of 72 accessions that included a diversified set of landraces, long-shelf-life cultivars and heirlooms with different origins and fruit typology. The results showed how the population structure analysis was consistent using the three genotyping methods, although SNPs were more efficient in distinguishing cultivar types and in measuring the degree of accessions' similarity. Compared to CE-SSR, the analysis of microsatellites via HRM yielded a slightly higher number of alleles (98 vs. 96). HRM-SSR demonstrated a distinction between European and non-European germplasm, better resolving the collection's diversity and being more consistent with SNP data. Phylogenetic trees drawn with independent marker data, detected specific groups of accessions showing robust clusters, highlighting how heirlooms were less heterogeneous than landraces. In addition, the fixation index (F _ST ) revealed a high genetic differentiation between heirlooms and long-shelf-life cultivars, with SNP and SSR-HRM data emphasizing the distinction between cherry and plum types and CE-SSR data between cherry and oxheart types. In all instances, a greater molecular variance was found within the different considered biological statuses, provenances, and typologies rather than among them. This work presents the first attempt to compare the three tomato genotyping techniques in tomato. Findings highlighted how the markers used are complementary for genetic diversity analysis, with SNPs providing better insight and HRM-SSR as a viable alternative to capillary electrophoresis to dissect the genetic structure.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04141-0.

Micropropagation is an important tool for the propagation for recalcitrant species, like Eucalyptus cloeziana. This is a first reported about a complete study of the E. cloeziana, it includes the vegetative rescue protocol of mature trees, its micropropagation up to the implementation of a mini-garden and clonal micro-garden and evaluation of adventitious rooting of their propagules. The in vitro rejuvenation of E. cloeziana genotypes (03, 05, 06, 13 and 15), over 21 successive subcultures, was evaluated by comparing minicutting and microcutting techniques and the efficiency of this biotechnological tool for cloning of the mature trees. The results provide evidence of the in vitro rejuvenation occurring in the mature E. cloeziana trees during micropropagation, leading to increases in the multiplication ratios of the microstumps of three genotypes (03, 05 and 15). The survival and callogenesis percentages of the mini and microcuttings of E. cloeziana were higher than 80% upon exiting of the greenhouse (30-days old) in the three cutting times. The results suggesting that factors beyond tissue maturity influence the adventitious rooting of the E. cloeziana because minicuttings and microcuttings of the 05 and 13 elite genotypes exhibited rooting percentages lower than 20%. These findings provided a theoretical basis for realizing the micropropagation of the epicormic shoots of the mature trees and, subsequently, its in vitro rejuvenation by axillary bud proliferation.

Over the years, nanotechnology has gained popularity as a viable solution to address gene and drug delivery challenges over conventional methods. Extensive research has been conducted on nanosystems that consist of organic/inorganic materials, drugs, and its biocompatibility become the primary goal of improving drug delivery. Various surface modification methods help focus targeted and controlled drug release, further enabling multidrug delivery also. This newer technology ensures the stability of drugs that can unravel the mechanisms involved in cellular processes of disease development and its management. Tailored medication delivery provides benefits such as therapy, controlled release, and reduced adverse effects, which are especially important for controlling illnesses like cancer. However, multifunctional nanocarriers that possess high viscoelasticity, extended circulation half-life, biocompatibility, and biodegradability face some challenges and limitations too in human bodies. To produce a consistent therapeutic platform based on complex three-dimensional nanoparticles, careful design and engineering, thorough orthogonal analysis methods, and reproducible scale-up and manufacturing processes will be required in the future. Safety and effectiveness of nano-based drug delivery should be thoroughly investigated in preclinical and clinical trials, especially when considering biodistribution, targeting specific areas, and potential immunological toxicities. Overall, the current review article explores the advancements in nanotechnology, specific to nanomaterial-enabled drug delivery systems, carrier fabrication techniques and modifications, disease management, clinical research, applications, limitations, and future challenges. The work portrays how nanomedicine distribution affects healthcare with an emphasis on the developments in drug delivery techniques.

Boosting the immune system has become a crucial aspect in the global battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar infections to protect oneself against symptoms, especially in the prevention of viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. The importance of conducting more studies to create successful herbal formulations as infection prevention measures is emphasized in this review, which looks at the function of immune-boosting nutrients, medicinal plants, and herbal treatments. We reviewed and analyzed 207 studies published from 1946 to the present using reputable databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI. The review examined 115 plant species in total and identified 12 key nutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, and zinc, while noting that four plant families, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Acanthaceae, show potential against respiratory infections like influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV. To lower the risk of infection, it is recommended to consume nutritious meals that have immune-modulating qualities. Information on the bioactive components of medicinal herbs, spices, and plants that have been effective in treating respiratory viral infections and related conditions is compiled in this review, which highlights phytoactive substances with antibacterial and antiviral activity as effective modulators to lower the risk of infections. Furthermore, it is highlighted that ancient knowledge systems, like Ayurveda and Naturopathy, should be integrated to help develop new herbal formulations. To improve immunity and lessen vulnerability to serious respiratory infections, the results highlight the need for including immune-modulating foods and plant-based medicines into everyday routines.

A metagenomic library consisting of 15,000 clones was constructed from the mangrove sediment. An antimicrobially active clone from the metagenomic library PS49 was identified by function- based screening. This paper presents the results of the biochemical characterization and metagenomic library screening of the marine-derived antibiotic, 8-demethoxy-10-deoxysteffimycin. Plasmid libraries were constructed, and clones were produced using a metagenomic approach. Out of 15,000 clones, 81 clones were screened for antimicrobial activity, and five potential clones were selected. The activity of one clone was characterized and named as PS49. The bioactive compounds from the selected clone were checked for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. The clone PS49 was tested against various pathogens including bacteria and fungi and it showed inhibitory effects against all the tested pathogens. The antimicrobially active fractions were then crystallized and subjected to spectroscopic analysis such as FTIR, NMR and LC-MS analysis. The substance from clone PS49 has finally been recognized, and the compound from clone PS49 has been identified as 8-demethoxy-10-deoxysteffimycin. The substances isolated from the PS49 clone exhibited strong anticancer activity against skin cancer-cell lines SK-MEL2. The compounds showed a reduction in cell viability with an increase in the compound concentration. The compounds obtained from clone PS49 showed an IC₅₀ value of 85 µg/ml.

This study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which Xihuang Pill induces pyroptosis in glioma cells via the regulation of miR-21-5p. Human glioma cell lines U-87 and LN-229 were used as experimental models to assess the effects of Xihuang Pill on glioma pyroptosis. Cells were incubated with Xihuang Pill extract at concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 µg/mL for 24 h, alongside transfection with miR-21-5p mimic, an overexpression vector for STAT3, or incubation with 50 µg/mL of the STAT3 activator Colivelin for 4 h. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and expression levels of p-STAT3/STAT3 and pyroptosis-related proteins were determined by Western Blot. Additionally, cleaved caspase-1 was assessed by immunofluorescence, miR-21-5p expression by qRT-PCR, and STAT3 binding to the miR-21-5p promoter region by ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results showed that Xihuang Pill significantly reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as NLRP3, IL-1β, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N, while reducing p-STAT3/STAT3 and miR-21-5p levels (P < 0.05). Xihuang Pill inhibited STAT3 activation, which modulated miR-21-5p expression by binding to its promoter region. Co-transfection with miR-21-5p mimic reversed the effect of Xihuang Pill on glioma pyroptosis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Xihuang Pill promotes glioma cell pyroptosis through the STAT3/miR-21-5p pathway.

Haloperidol, a conventional antipsychotic, was mixed with piperine in a ketamine-induced schizophrenia rat model to evaluate the interaction potential of this mixture through in-vitro and in-vivo analyses. Piperine, known for its CYP450 enzyme inhibitory effects, enhances the bioavailability of various drugs. Initial in-vitro assays using a high-throughput fluorometric method showed that the haloperidol-piperine mixture inhibited CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes, comparable to positive controls. In-vivo pharmacokinetic results revealed that piperine significantly increased haloperidol's plasma concentration and area under the curve while reducing clearance, indicating enhanced bioavailability. Pharmacodynamic assessments showed reductions in locomotor activity, immobility time, dopamine levels, and nitric oxide, with increased superoxide dismutase levels in the haloperidol-piperine group compared to haloperidol alone, reflecting enhanced therapeutic efficacy. These findings indicate that piperine can increase haloperidol exposure, potentially allowing for dose reduction and minimizing dose-related side effects. Limitations of this study include reliance on a rat model, which may not fully replicate human metabolism, and lack of long-term safety assessment. Future studies should explore the clinical applicability of this mixture in human trials, particularly focusing on safety, dosage optimization, and long-term effects. Additionally, understanding piperine's role in different metabolic pathways could guide the development of targeted bioavailability enhancers, improving efficacy for a range of CYP450-metabolized medications.

Xenobiotic compounds are artificial substances that are essential in our lives. These substances have a negative impact on the environment because they are long-lasting and biodegrade slowly or not at all in ecosystems. When xenobiotics leak into the ecosystem, they enter the food chain and negatively impact animals' and people's health across all trophic levels. Moreover, these pollutants have toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects on all living organisms. They can affect humans in ways such as brain and prostate gland abnormalities, abnormalities of children's behavior, skin disorders, liver issues, immune system impairment, and endocrine system distribution. Consequently, it is essential to remove harmful, non-biodegradable xenobiotics from the ecosystem. Degradation of these chemicals hence requires immediate attention and awareness. The physical-chemical methods for removing the pollutants are costly. Bioremediation is a concept that uses organisms to control the environment faster and with less labor. Bacterial laccase-mediated bioremediation offers inexpensive, environmentaly sustainable, and potential degradation mechanisms for different recalcitrant chemicals. At the high temperature, high pH, contact time, and concentration, bacterial laccase can degrade the xenobiotic compounds. After degradation, convert them into low-toxic, non-hazardous substances in the environment by oxidation, reduction, elimination, and ring-opening processes. The aspects of this review article are bacterial laccase-mediated xenobiotic compound degradation.

The intricate expression patterns and oncogenic attributes of COL11A1 across different cancer types remain largely elusive. This study used several public databases (TCGA, GTEx, and CCLE) to investigate the pan-cancer landscape of COL11A1 expression, its prognostic implications, interplay with the immune microenvironment, and enriched signaling cascades. Concurrently, western blot analyses were performed to verify COL11A1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines and clinical samples. In addition, COL11A1 knockout cell lines were generated to scrutinize the functional consequences of COL11AI expression on cancer cell behavior by use MTT, colony formation, and scratch wound healing assays. A comprehensive database investigation revealed that COL11A1 was upregulated in a majority of tumor tissues and its expression was highly correlated with a patient's prognosis. Notably, genetic alterations in COL11A1 predominantly occurred as mutations, while its DNA methylation status inversely mirrored gene expression levels across multiple promoter regions. Our findings suggest that COL11A1 helps to modulate the tumor immune landscape and potentially acts through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway to exert its oncogenic function. Western blot analyses further substantiated the specific upregulation of COL11A1 in LUAD cell lines and tissues, suggesting a close association with the EMT process. Ablation of COL11A1 in cancer cells significantly reduced their proliferative, clonogenic, and migratory abilities, underscoring the functional significance of COL11A1 in tumor cell behavior. Collectively, this research revealed the prevalent overexpression of COL11A1 in pan-cancer tissues, its profound prognostic and microenvironmental correlations, and the mechanistic underpinnings of its tumor-promoting effects as mediated via EMT signaling. Our findings suggest that COL11A1 could serve as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.