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Analytical Analysis of the Effects of the Porosity Distribution on Liquid–Water Management in the Cathode of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell 多孔分布对聚合物电解质膜燃料电池阴极液水管理影响的分析
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10134-8
Faycel Khemili, Mustapha Najjari

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology has been receiving more attention recently and can play a more expanded role in space missions with low gravity or microgravity. The liquid water generation in the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) increases the resistance to oxygen flow toward the catalyst layer. Water flooding inside the GDL can affect the PEMFC performance especially at higher current densities. Therefore, a good understanding of the effect of liquid water amount in the GDL is crucial to water management and, subsequently, to the performance of the fuel cell. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of the microstructure characteristics of the GDL on the water flooding and liquid water distribution inside the GDL. A one-dimensional theoretical model has been developed. Results indicate that the porosity gradient has a significant effect on the liquid water saturation and the performance of the PEM fuel cell.

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)技术最近受到越来越多的关注,在低重力或微重力的太空任务中可以发挥更大的作用。质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的气体扩散层(GDL)中产生的液态水增加了氧气流向催化剂层的阻力。GDL 内的水浸会影响 PEMFC 的性能,尤其是在电流密度较高的情况下。因此,充分了解 GDL 中液态水量的影响对于水管理以及燃料电池的性能至关重要。本研究旨在探讨 GDL 的微观结构特征对 GDL 内部水浸和液态水分布的影响。研究建立了一个一维理论模型。结果表明,孔隙率梯度对液态水饱和度和 PEM 燃料电池的性能有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Ventilated Cavity through Thermal Vibration-Induced Convection: Under Microgravity and Terrestrial Conditions 探索通过热振动诱导对流增强通风空腔中的传热:微重力和地面条件下
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10132-w
V. Navaneethakrishnan, M. Muthtamilselvan

An integration of both passive and active techniques to enhance the heat exchange has emerged as a promising research area over the past few decades. Our present investigation focuses on the heat exchange due to thermal convection in a square cavity driven by a channel, utilizing ternary hybrid nanofluid. The governing equations were derived from the averaged formulations describing thermal vibrational convection, illustrated using the vorticity of the mean velocity and stream functions relevant to both the mean and fluctuating flows. The influence of vibration on the system is quantified using a dimensionless vibration factor, denoted as Gershuni number (Gs), which is proportional to the ratio of the mean vibrational buoyancy force to the product of momentum and thermal diffusivities. All computations were conducted with fixed values of the Prandtl number (Pr = 6.1) and Reynolds number (Re = 100). The influence of physical parameters, including the Grashof number ((10^3 le Gr le 10^6) ), Gershuni number ((10^3 le Gs le 10^6)), and volume fraction of nanomaterials ((0% le Phi le 4%)), particularly under two scenarios: microgravity ((Gr= 0)) and terrestrial conditions, on the streamlines for both the mean and fluctuating flows, isotherms, and mean Nusselt number are discussed graphically. Numerical results indicate that an increase of Grashof number boosts heat exchange by 250% under buoyancy effects. Elevating nanomaterial volume fractions enhances thermal conductivity, increasing heat exchange by 30%. However, heightened thermal vibration reduces heat exchange.

在过去几十年中,将被动和主动技术相结合以增强热交换已成为一个前景广阔的研究领域。我们目前的研究重点是利用三元混合纳米流体,研究由通道驱动的方形空腔中热对流引起的热交换。治理方程由描述热振动对流的平均公式导出,并使用平均速度的涡度以及与平均流和波动流相关的流函数进行说明。振动对系统的影响通过一个无量纲振动因子(表示为格舒尼数(Gs))来量化,该因子与平均振动浮力与动量和热扩散乘积之比成正比。所有计算都是在普朗特数(Pr = 6.1)和雷诺数(Re = 100)固定值的情况下进行的。物理参数的影响包括格拉肖夫数((10^3 le Gr le 10^6))、格舒尼数((10^3 le Gs le 10^6))和纳米材料的体积分数((0% le Phi le 4%)),特别是在两种情况下:图解讨论了微重力((Gr= 0) )和陆地条件对平均流和波动流的流线、等温线和平均努塞尔特数的影响。数值结果表明,在浮力效应下,格拉肖夫数的增加可将热交换提高 250%。提高纳米材料的体积分数可增强导热性,使热交换增加 30%。然而,热振动的增加会降低热交换。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Simulated Microgravity on Artificial Single Cell Membrane Mechanics 模拟微重力对人工单细胞膜力学的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10133-9
R. G. Asuwin Prabu, Anagha Manohar, S. Narendran, Anisha Kabir, Swathi Sudhakar

The study of cell membrane structures under microgravity is crucial for understanding the inherent physiological and adaptive mechanisms relevant to overcoming challenges in human space travel and gaining deeper insight into the membrane-protein interactions at reduced gravity. However, the membrane dynamics under microgravity conditions is not unraveled yet. Moreover, the complexity of cells poses significant challenges when investigating the effects of microgravity on individual components, including cell membranes. Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) serve as valuable cell-mimicking models and act as artificial cells, providing insights into the biophysics of membrane architecture. Herein, we have elucidated the membrane dynamics of artificial cells under simulated microgravity conditions. GUVs were synthesized in the size range of 20 ± 2.1 μm and their morphological changes were examined under simulated microgravity conditions using a random positioning machine. We observed that the well-defined spherical GUVs were transfigured and deformed into elongated structures under microgravity conditions. The membrane fluidity of GUVs increased sevenfold under microgravity conditions compared to GUVs under normal gravity conditions at 48 h. It is also noted that there is a reduction in the membrane microviscosity. The study sheds light on the membrane mechanics under microgravity conditions and contributes valuable insights to the broader understanding of membrane responses to microgravity and its implications for space exploration and biomedical applications.

研究微重力条件下的细胞膜结构对于了解与克服人类太空旅行挑战相关的内在生理和适应机制以及深入了解重力降低条件下的膜蛋白相互作用至关重要。然而,微重力条件下的膜动力学尚未被揭示。此外,细胞的复杂性给研究微重力对包括细胞膜在内的单个成分的影响带来了巨大挑战。巨型单拉美拉尔泡(GUVs)是一种有价值的细胞模拟模型,可充当人造细胞,为研究膜结构的生物物理学提供见解。在这里,我们阐明了人造细胞在模拟微重力条件下的膜动力学。我们合成了尺寸范围为 20 ± 2.1 μm 的 GUV,并使用随机定位机在模拟微重力条件下检测了它们的形态变化。我们观察到,在微重力条件下,轮廓分明的球形 GUV 发生了变形,变成了拉长的结构。与正常重力条件下的 GUV 相比,微重力条件下 GUV 的膜流动性在 48 小时内增加了七倍。该研究揭示了微重力条件下的膜力学,为更广泛地了解膜对微重力的反应及其对太空探索和生物医学应用的影响提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Microgravity on Cerebrovascular Complications: Exploring Molecular Manifestation and Promising Countermeasures 微重力对脑血管并发症的影响:探索分子表现和可行对策
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10131-x
Pankaj Neje, Brijesh Taksande, Milind Umekar, Shubhada Mangrulkar

With NASA and other space agencies planning for longer-duration spaceflights, such as missions to Mars, and the rise in space tourism, it is crucial to comprehend the impact of the space environment on human health. However, there is a lack of information on how spaceflight impacts cerebrovascular health. The absence of gravitational force negatively affected various physiological functions in astronauts, especially posing risks to the cerebrovascular system. Exposure to microgravity leads to fluid changes that impact cardiac function, arterial pressure, and cerebrovascular structural changes that may be the cause of cognitive impairment. Numerous experiments have simulated microgravity to study the damage caused by prolonged spaceflight and reported similar findings. Understanding the effect of simulated microgravity on cerebrovascular structure and function has important implications for cerebrovascular health on Earth and in space. Simulated microgravity has been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction, altering nitric oxide (NO) synthesis pathways and increasing oxidative stress. Dysregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin system, NADPH oxidases, K+ Channels, and L-type Ca2+ Channels contributes to vascular dysfunction, while mitochondrial complexes expression and Ca2+ concentration exacerbate oxidative stress. This knowledge is essential for creating effective countermeasures to protect astronaut health during extended space missions. Therapeutic interventions targeting mitochondrial ROS and NADPH oxidases showed promise in mitigating these effects. This review article delves into the significant challenges posed by extended spaceflight, focusing on the cerebrovascular systems. It also provides a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms associated with microgravity-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction and potential therapeutic interventions, paving the way for safer and more effective space travel.

Graphical Abstract

随着美国国家航空航天局(NASA)和其他太空机构计划进行更长时间的太空飞行,如火星任务,以及太空旅游的兴起,了解太空环境对人类健康的影响至关重要。然而,目前还缺乏有关太空飞行如何影响脑血管健康的信息。缺乏重力会对宇航员的各种生理功能产生负面影响,尤其是对脑血管系统构成风险。暴露在微重力环境中会导致体液变化,从而影响心脏功能、动脉压力和脑血管结构变化,而这些变化可能是导致认知障碍的原因。许多实验模拟微重力来研究长期太空飞行造成的损害,并报告了类似的发现。了解模拟微重力对脑血管结构和功能的影响对地球和太空中的脑血管健康具有重要意义。模拟微重力已被证明会诱发内皮功能障碍,改变一氧化氮(NO)合成途径并增加氧化应激。肾素-血管紧张素系统、NADPH 氧化酶、K+ 通道和 L 型 Ca2+ 通道的失调会导致血管功能障碍,而线粒体复合物的表达和 Ca2+ 浓度会加剧氧化应激。这些知识对于制定有效对策以保护宇航员在长期太空任务中的健康至关重要。针对线粒体 ROS 和 NADPH 氧化酶的治疗干预有望减轻这些影响。这篇综述文章深入探讨了长时间太空飞行带来的重大挑战,重点关注脑血管系统。文章还全面介绍了与微重力引起的脑血管功能障碍相关的分子机制和潜在的治疗干预措施,为更安全、更有效的太空旅行铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Heat Flux and Bubble Dynamics on Mixed Wetting Surfaces 混合润湿表面上的临界热通量和气泡动力学
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10130-y
Xueli Wang, Quan Gao, Pengju Zhang, Jianfu Zhao, Na Xu, Yonghai Zhang

To study the effect of micro-structured surface with wedge-shaped channel on pool boiling heat transfer performance of FC-72, four kinds of mixed wettability surfaces with area ratio of the micro-pillar region to the smooth channel region of approximately 1:1 were fabricated in this study (the surfaces were denoted as the Multi tip surface, Multi star surface, Less tip surface and Less star surface). The experimental results indicated that the CHF increases with the increase of liquid subcooling. The structural surface parameters will affect the bubble dynamics behavior and thus affect CHF. The effect of capillary wick suction on the mixed wetting surface first increases and then decreases. The capillary wick suction plays a significant role in the increase of CHF, and the capillary wick force on the Less tip surface with the best heat transfer performance is the largest. The Zuber model is modified by combining three factors to propose a critical heat flux model suitable for mixed wetting surfaces. With the increase of heat flux, the bubble detachment frequency decreases, the bubble detachment diameter increases and the nucleation site density basically shows exponential growth. Bubbles in the micro-pillar array region will be driven to slip onto the smooth channel due to energy difference and the bubbles in smooth channels will also migrate in the direction of wider smooth channels under the action of Laplace force.

为了研究带有楔形通道的微结构表面对 FC-72 的池沸腾传热性能的影响,本研究制作了四种混合润湿表面,微柱区与光滑通道区的面积比约为 1:1(分别为多尖表面、多星表面、少尖表面和少星表面)。实验结果表明,CHF 随液体过冷度的增加而增加。结构表面参数会影响气泡动力学行为,从而影响 CHF。毛细管吸力对混合润湿表面的影响先增大后减小。毛细管吸力对 CHF 的增加起着重要作用,传热性能最好的 Less tip 表面上的毛细管吸力最大。结合三个因素对 Zuber 模型进行了修正,提出了适合混合润湿表面的临界热通量模型。随着热通量的增加,气泡脱落频率降低,气泡脱落直径增大,成核点密度基本呈指数增长。在拉普拉斯力的作用下,微柱阵列区域的气泡会因能量差而滑向光滑通道,光滑通道中的气泡也会向更宽的光滑通道方向迁移。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Forced Convection on the Combustion Chemistry of PMMA Spheres in Microgravity 强制对流对微重力条件下 PMMA 球体燃烧化学性质的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10128-6
Tatyana Bolshova, Andrey Shmakov, Vladimir Shvartsberg

The influence of the forced convection rate on the chemical structure of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) flame in an oxidizer flow under microgravity conditions was studied using numerical modeling. Gas flow around a solid sphere was simulated using the full Navier–Stokes equations for a multicomponent mixture. A multistep chemical kinetic mechanism was considered in the gas phase. The heat transfer and radiation in both the condensed and gas phases were considered in the modeling. On the PMMA surface, the pyrolysis reaction leading to the transformation of fuel from the condensed phase to the gas phase is specified. The forced convection speed varied in the range from 3 to 20 cm/s. Analysis of CO2 concentration fields near the burning surface under microgravity conditions showed that the maximum CO2 concentration is observed in the downstream zone. The width of the flame zone and its chemical structure depend on the intensity of forced convection. The width of the flame against the flow decreases, and the maximum CO concentration increases as the forced convection rate increases. Analysis of the rates of fuel consumption reactions showed that at a low convection speed (vst=3 cm/s), the reaction with the H radical, which has the highest diffusion coefficient, plays a crucial role in MMA oxidation.

利用数值模型研究了微重力条件下氧化剂流中强制对流速率对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)火焰化学结构的影响。使用多组分混合物的全纳维-斯托克斯方程模拟了固体球体周围的气体流动。考虑了气相中的多步化学动力学机制。建模时考虑了凝结相和气相的传热和辐射。在 PMMA 表面,指定了导致燃料从凝结相转变为气相的热解反应。强制对流速度的变化范围为 3 至 20 厘米/秒。对微重力条件下燃烧表面附近二氧化碳浓度场的分析表明,下游区域的二氧化碳浓度最大。火焰区的宽度及其化学结构取决于强制对流的强度。随着强制对流速率的增加,逆流火焰宽度减小,最大 CO 浓度增加。对燃料消耗反应速率的分析表明,在低对流速度下(vst=3 cm/s),与扩散系数最大的 H 自由基的反应在 MMA 氧化中起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Interfacial Heat Transfer on Hydrothermal Wave Propagation of Nanofluid Thermocapillary Convection in Rectangular Cavity 界面传热对矩形腔中纳米流体热毛细管对流的水热波传播的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10129-5
Yanni Jiang, Cheng Dai, Xiaoming Zhou

For surface tension driven flow, interfacial heat transfer can alter the flow regime and its transition condition. This paper investigates the influence of interfacial heat transfer on critical transition and hydrothermal wave propagation of nanofluid thermocapillary convection for the first time, and three environment temperature conditions is considered, e.g. the cold-end temperature, the average temperature of the hot and cold-end, and a linear temperature distribution. The results indicate that, as nanoparticles volume fraction increases the critical Marangoni number decreases under various ambient temperature conditions, meanwhile, the fundamental frequency of the velocity oscillations exhibits a linear decrease, and the propagation angle and temperature fluctuation range of hydrothermal waves are decreased. Furthermore, for the three ambient temperature scenarios, the linear temperature distribution condition can amplify the propagation angle and temperature fluctuation range of hydrothermal waves. Consequently, the manipulation of both the nanoparticle volume fraction and ambient temperature condition provides a means to control the instability of nanofluid thermocapillary convection.

对于表面张力驱动的流动,界面传热会改变流动状态及其转换条件。本文首次研究了界面传热对纳米流体热毛细对流临界转换和热液波传播的影响,并考虑了三种环境温度条件,如冷端温度、冷热端平均温度和线性温度分布。结果表明,在各种环境温度条件下,随着纳米颗粒体积分数的增加,临界马兰戈尼数下降,同时速度振荡的基频呈线性下降,热液波的传播角度和温度波动范围减小。此外,在三种环境温度条件下,线性温度分布条件会放大热液波的传播角度和温度波动范围。因此,操纵纳米粒子体积分数和环境温度条件为控制纳米流体热毛细对流的不稳定性提供了一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Electro-Elastic Instability of Viscoelastic Fluid in a Microchannel with Obstacles Under Heterogeneous Surface Potential 带障碍物的微通道中粘弹性流体在异质表面电位下的电弹性不稳定性
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10127-7
Guofang Li, Xinhui Si, Botong Li, Jing Zhu, Limei Cao

In this paper, the Electro-elastic instability(EEI) of an Oldroyd-B fluids flow the microchannel with the obstacles and heterogenous surface charged is studied. The changes in fluid flow are presented by considering three different ranges of Weissenberg numbers(Wi), the expansion lengths (textrm{EL}), and the asymmetric potential distributions. Under the combined effects of heterogeneous surface potential and elastic stresses, not only the vortices but also lip vortices are generated near the obstacles. At lower Weissenberg numbers, the stable and symmetric flow field is observed. As Wi increases, it is worth noting that the flow field becomes unstable and chaotic due to the enhanced electro-elastic instability. But the asymmetry of the velocity diminishes as (Wi>10). In addition, the presence of different vortex dynamics is observed as the Wi varies, such as the lip vortices, angular vortices, and oscillating lip vortices. Further, the flow of fluid at different expansion ratios is investigated. With the decrease of expansion lengths (textrm{EL}), the backflow and asymmetry are reduced, the lip vortex disappears and then the angular vortex appears. Finally, by increasing the upper zeta potential ((zeta _{textrm{w}})) of the obstacles, the mixing efficiency is improved. The research results may be helpful to the electrodynamic transport of viscoelastic fluids in porous media and the analysis of micromixers for industrial applications.

本文研究了带障碍物和异质表面带电的奥尔德罗伊德-B流体在微通道中流动的电弹性不稳定性(EEI)。通过考虑三种不同范围的魏森伯格数(Wi)、膨胀长度(textrm{EL})和非对称势分布,展示了流体流动的变化。在异质表面势和弹性应力的共同作用下,障碍物附近不仅会产生漩涡,还会产生唇形漩涡。在较低的魏森堡数下,可以观察到稳定的对称流场。值得注意的是,随着 Wi 的增加,由于电弹性不稳定性增强,流场变得不稳定和混乱。但速度的不对称性随着 (Wi>10) 的增大而减小。此外,随着 Wi 的变化,还观察到不同的涡旋动力学,如唇涡、角涡和振荡唇涡。此外,还研究了不同膨胀比下的流体流动。随着膨胀长度 (textrm{EL})的减小,回流和不对称现象减少,唇涡消失,然后出现角涡。最后,通过增加障碍物的上zeta电位((zeta _{textrm{w}}),提高了混合效率。这些研究成果可能有助于粘弹性流体在多孔介质中的电动传输和工业应用中的微搅拌器分析。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Investigation of Composite Formation Flying Using Disturbance-Free Payloads 使用无干扰有效载荷进行复合编队飞行的实验研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10119-7
Zijun Xiong, Qing Li, Hongjie Yang, Lei Liu

Precise formation control is increasingly demanded in high-resolution remote sensing formations, gravitational detection interferometers and distributed space telescopes. One composite formation flying method using disturbance-free payloads was previously proposed to enhance formation accuracy and payload stability. This method divided satellite formation into coarse formation using conventional satellite buses and fine formation using precise payloads. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed formation method and the payload stability performance, this paper develops an experimental system using two air-floating satellite prototypes. First, the experimental design is proposed and the experimental system model is established. Second, the experimental prototype development and system architecture are described in detail. Finally, the composite formation flying effectiveness is further demonstrated by coarse and fine formation control experiments. The experiment results indicate that the composite formation flying method effectively improves the formation accuracy for distributed payloads and isolates microvibrations from satellite buses to enhance payload stability.

高分辨率遥感编队、引力探测干涉仪和分布式空间望远镜对精确编队控制的要求越来越高。以前曾提出过一种使用无干扰有效载荷的复合编队飞行方法,以提高编队精度和有效载荷的稳定性。该方法将卫星编队分为使用常规卫星总线的粗编队和使用精确有效载荷的细编队。为了验证所提编队方法的有效性和有效载荷的稳定性能,本文利用两个气浮卫星原型机开发了一个实验系统。首先,提出了实验设计并建立了实验系统模型。其次,详细介绍了实验原型的开发和系统结构。最后,通过粗编队和细编队控制实验进一步证明了复合编队飞行的有效性。实验结果表明,复合编队飞行方法有效提高了分布式有效载荷的编队精度,并隔离了卫星总线的微振动,增强了有效载荷的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in the Porous Media of an Additively Manufactured Evaporator of a Two-Phase Mechanically Pumped Loop for Space Applications 用于太空应用的两相机械泵环路添加式制造蒸发器多孔介质传热的数值和实验研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-024-10122-y
Luca Valdarno, Vijay K. Dhir, Benjamin Furst, Eric Sunada

Two-phase pumped cooling systems are applied when it is required to maintain a very stable temperature for heat dissipation in a system. A novel additively manufactured evaporator for two-phase thermal control was developed at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The Two-Phase Mechanically Pumped Loop (2PMPL) allows to manage the heat transfer with much wider breadth of control authority compared to capillary-based systems, while alleviating the system's sensitivity to pressure drops. The focus of this work is the understanding and capturing the micro-scale evaporation occurring in the porous structure of the evaporator. The Boiling and Phase Change Heat Transfer Laboratory at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) developed an all-encompassing numerical simulation tool to predict the operational thermal behavior of the evaporator considering the effect of the liquid-vapor interface at the wick-to-vapor boundary. The numerical model incorporated the behaviour of the liquid-vapor meniscus at particle level located along the evaporative boundary between the wick structure and the vapor chamber. The numerical model allowed to study the effect of different parameters, such as boundary conditions, geometry, wick and fluid properties. An experimental setup was built at UCLA in order to characterize the heat transfer within an additively manufactured porous sample fabricated at JPL and in particular its evaporative heat load under certain heat inputs. The experimental efforts served as validation for the numerical results and aided in the characterization of the transient phenomena, such as dry-out.

当需要在系统中保持非常稳定的散热温度时,就需要使用两相泵冷却系统。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)喷气推进实验室(JPL)开发了一种用于两相热控制的新型添加制造蒸发器。与基于毛细管的系统相比,两相机械泵环路(2PMPL)能够以更广泛的控制权限来管理热传递,同时减轻系统对压降的敏感性。这项工作的重点是了解和捕捉蒸发器多孔结构中发生的微尺度蒸发。加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的沸腾与相变传热实验室开发了一种全方位的数值模拟工具,用于预测蒸发器的运行热行为,其中考虑到了蒸发器边界上液体-蒸汽界面的影响。该数值模型包含了位于灯芯结构和蒸汽室之间的蒸发边界沿线的颗粒级液汽半月板的行为。数值模型可以研究不同参数的影响,如边界条件、几何形状、灯芯和流体特性。在加州大学洛杉矶分校建立了一个实验装置,以确定在 JPL 制造的加成制造多孔样品内的传热特性,特别是在特定热输入条件下的蒸发热负荷。实验结果对数值结果进行了验证,并有助于描述干涸等瞬态现象。
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引用次数: 0
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Microgravity Science and Technology
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