Pub Date : 2014-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.870048
V. Kimpouni, P. Mbou, E. Apani, M. Motom
Abstract Set as a reserve in 1938 by the general governor of French Equatorial Africa (AEF), the Patte d’Oie forest covered originally 240 ha of which deforestation now isolates three statements for a total area of 95 ha, thus less than 39% of the original area. Originally a perish-urban forest, it has now become intra-urban, and shelters three statements of natural forests, administrative buildings, plantations of Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp., an arboretum dedicated to the wet dense forests of the Congo Basin, the sporting and university installations and a zoological park. The Patte d’Oie forest and the four others which completely disappeared (the Tsiémé, the Corniche, the Glacière and the Tchad) from urban space, these four forest statements have not been the object of an in-depth study. Before this study, the phytoecological data on the three forest statements were partial and generalized from studies carried on less than 1000 m2. Moreover, they do not make any difference between the natural forest and the plantations. The floristic inventory of the forest statements reveals pauciflorous ecosystems (with 79.5 ± 5.5 species per statement) compared to the wet dense forests of the Congo Basin. The floristic composition is sub-identic in the three statements forest and it is dominated by the Guineo-Congolese species (30 to 37.8%), in particular those belonging to the endemism sub-centre of the Low-Guinean (22 to 24%). The predominance of the sarcochores indicates that the principal mode of dissemination is the sarcochory (zoochory). However, the proportion of the anemochores dominated by pterochores (6 to 19%) and the good representativeness of heliophilous species are obvious signals of the disturbance of these ecosystems. The relative diversity of the families varies from 0.5 to 19.4% in the forest statements; the most represented are Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Dioscoreaceae. The relative frequency of taxa varies between 0.5 and 2.7%, whereas the relative density varies from 0.03 to 37.6%. The most abundant species are Rothmannia octomera, Rhabdophyllum arnoldianum, Markhamia tomentosa, Caloncoba welwitschii and Chaetocarpus africanus. Within this flora, the phanerophytes are dominating over the geophytes and the chamephytes. Finally, from a phytoecological standpoint, the three stands fall within the same ecological group. The analysis of the underwood flora reveals that only introduced species are represented by large trees, whereas the indigenous woody flora is represented by the shrubby species (Bosqueiopsis gilletii, Dracaena arborea, Voacanga chalotiana, Strychnos variabilis, Millettia eetveldeana and Markhamia tomentosa). The relative frequencies and the densities indicate that, except for Markhamia tomentosa, all the ligneous species characterising these ecosystems are disseminated. The consequence, induced by this space distribution of the ligneous species, is an insufficient installation of sowings, thus a poor natural re
{"title":"Étude floristique des îlots forestiers naturels de la Patte d’Oie de Brazzaville, Congo","authors":"V. Kimpouni, P. Mbou, E. Apani, M. Motom","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.870048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.870048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Set as a reserve in 1938 by the general governor of French Equatorial Africa (AEF), the Patte d’Oie forest covered originally 240 ha of which deforestation now isolates three statements for a total area of 95 ha, thus less than 39% of the original area. Originally a perish-urban forest, it has now become intra-urban, and shelters three statements of natural forests, administrative buildings, plantations of Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp., an arboretum dedicated to the wet dense forests of the Congo Basin, the sporting and university installations and a zoological park. The Patte d’Oie forest and the four others which completely disappeared (the Tsiémé, the Corniche, the Glacière and the Tchad) from urban space, these four forest statements have not been the object of an in-depth study. Before this study, the phytoecological data on the three forest statements were partial and generalized from studies carried on less than 1000 m2. Moreover, they do not make any difference between the natural forest and the plantations. The floristic inventory of the forest statements reveals pauciflorous ecosystems (with 79.5 ± 5.5 species per statement) compared to the wet dense forests of the Congo Basin. The floristic composition is sub-identic in the three statements forest and it is dominated by the Guineo-Congolese species (30 to 37.8%), in particular those belonging to the endemism sub-centre of the Low-Guinean (22 to 24%). The predominance of the sarcochores indicates that the principal mode of dissemination is the sarcochory (zoochory). However, the proportion of the anemochores dominated by pterochores (6 to 19%) and the good representativeness of heliophilous species are obvious signals of the disturbance of these ecosystems. The relative diversity of the families varies from 0.5 to 19.4% in the forest statements; the most represented are Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Dioscoreaceae. The relative frequency of taxa varies between 0.5 and 2.7%, whereas the relative density varies from 0.03 to 37.6%. The most abundant species are Rothmannia octomera, Rhabdophyllum arnoldianum, Markhamia tomentosa, Caloncoba welwitschii and Chaetocarpus africanus. Within this flora, the phanerophytes are dominating over the geophytes and the chamephytes. Finally, from a phytoecological standpoint, the three stands fall within the same ecological group. The analysis of the underwood flora reveals that only introduced species are represented by large trees, whereas the indigenous woody flora is represented by the shrubby species (Bosqueiopsis gilletii, Dracaena arborea, Voacanga chalotiana, Strychnos variabilis, Millettia eetveldeana and Markhamia tomentosa). The relative frequencies and the densities indicate that, except for Markhamia tomentosa, all the ligneous species characterising these ecosystems are disseminated. The consequence, induced by this space distribution of the ligneous species, is an insufficient installation of sowings, thus a poor natural re","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"63 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.870048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.893627
K. Akpagana, K. Aktas, C. Bayar, S. Arous, S. Baudino, Alexander Bobrov, A. Décendit, V. Ségalen, A. Ebihara, F. Jullien, Claire Kever, Zakia Khanam, A. Korte, G. Mendel, E. Lambert, V. Corre, M. V. Leal-Costa, A. Mehrabian
Koffi Akpagana, University of Lome, Togo Kamuran Aktaṣ, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Turkey Salma Arous, ISBST, Tunisia Sylvie Baudino, Saint-Etienne University, France Eduardo Biondi, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy Frédéric Bioret, Western Brittany University, Brest, France Alexander Bobrov, I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Russian Federation Borok, Nekouz Distr., Yarostavl Reg. Yves Brostaux, Liège University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT), Liège, Belgium Salvo Brullo Università di Catania, Italy Giuseppe Brundu, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy Jean-Claude Caissard, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne France Clément Carré, INRA-SAGA, Auzeville France Gabriele Casazza, Università di Genova, Italy Lourdes Chamorro, University of Barcelona, Spain Michel Chauvet, INRA, Montpellier, France Laure Civeyrel, Ecolab, Toulouse, France Katia Comte, Museum Nationale d’histoire naturelle de Paris (MNHN), Paris, France Joël Crèche, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France Bruno De Foucault, Société botanique de France, Roullens, France Alain Decendit, Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, France Jean Louis Devineau, CNRS, Orléans France Romeo Di Pietro, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy Marie-Françoise Diot, Société botanique de France, Périgueux, France Elisabeth Dodinet, Société Botanique de France, Saint-Laurent d’Olt, France Noelle Dorion, INH, INH, Angers, France Charles Doumenge, CIRAD, Montpellier France Atsushi Ebihara, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan Claude Edelin CNRS, Montpellier University, France Walid Elfalleh, Arid Land Institute Medenine, Tunisia Olivier Faure, Saint-Etienne University, France Jack B. Fisher, University of British Columbia, Canada Guillaume Fried, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montpellier, France Thierry Gauquelin, Institut méditerranéen d’écologie et de paléoécologie, Marseille, France Laurène Gay INRA, AMAP, Montpellier, France Rodolfo Gentili, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy Gianpietro Giusso Del Galdo, Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy Sabine Greulich, François Rabelais University, Tours, France Hervé Gryta, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, France Riccardo Guarino, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy Muhammad Iqbal, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India Dr. Sonali Jana, Postdoctoral fellow at Gyeongsang National University, South Korea Marc Jullien, INRA, Versailles, France
事务Akpagana,多哥洛美大学,Kamuran Aktaṣ,Celal BayarÜniversitesi Salma Arous, ISBST土耳其、突尼斯、金色Sylvie Baudino,法国圣艾蒂安大学,爱德华多·马尔凯理工大学、意大利安科纳frederic Bioret,法国西布列塔尼大学、布雷斯特、亚历山大·Bobrov . D . RAS Papanin生物学of Waters公司技术研究所、俄罗斯联合会Borok Nekouz Distr Yarostavl Reg。Gembloux Yves Brostaux, liege大学Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT)外,比利时列日,朱塞佩·Brundu裸露卡塔尼亚大学,意大利,意大利让-克洛德·Caissard, universita degli Studi di萨萨里大学让·莫内(Jean Monnet),克莱门特法国圣艾蒂安carre, INRA-SAGA Auzeville France Gabriele Casazza、热那亚大学、意大利Lourdes查莫罗,西班牙巴塞罗那大学米歇尔·肖韦INRA、蒙彼利埃、法国Laure Civeyrel, Ecolab、图卢兹、法国l37孔德和,chevassus de Paris (MNHN历史国家博物馆),法国巴黎大学、法国乔ël托儿所、çido Rabelais、图尔、法国兴业银行(societe botanique de France)布鲁诺·德福柯,Roullens、法国波尔多阿兰·维克多·Segalen Decendit, 2、大学、法国Jean Louis Devineau CNRS、法国奥尔良罗密欧·皮埃特罗,智慧University of罗马,意大利Marie-Françoise 2004, societe botanique de France Périgueux、法国兴业银行(societe botanique de France)伊丽莎白·Dodinet d’Olt圣罗兰,法国Noelle Dorion INH INH、愤怒、法国蒙彼利埃查尔斯·Doumenge CIRAD,法国Atsushi Ebihara,东京国立博物馆自然和科学,日本克劳德·Edelin CNRS、法国蒙彼利埃大学,瓦利德·Elfalleh - Land Institute Medenine、突尼斯、奥利维尔·福尔,法国圣艾蒂安大学,杰克·B . Fisher)、大学(University of British Columbia、加拿大纪尧姆Fried Centre de更好pour la Gestion des Populations,法国蒙彼利埃,Thierry Gauquelin,Institut institumi mediterraneen d’écologie et de paléoécologie,法国马赛,同性恋Laurène INRA鲁道夫,阿德里安,法国蒙彼利埃,善良,universita degli Studi di Pavia,意大利Gianpietro Giusso Galdo, universita degli Studi di卡塔尼亚的法国、意大利Sabine Greulichçido Rabelais大学、图尔、法国埃尔韦Gryta、法国图卢兹第三大学Paul Sabatier,里卡多·缅甸、universita degli Studi di巴勒莫,意大利Muhammad Iqbal Hamdard大学,新德里,印度个人Jana,博士韩国南部尚尚国立大学博士后研究员，英拉，凡尔赛，法国
{"title":"List of Reviewers","authors":"K. Akpagana, K. Aktas, C. Bayar, S. Arous, S. Baudino, Alexander Bobrov, A. Décendit, V. Ségalen, A. Ebihara, F. Jullien, Claire Kever, Zakia Khanam, A. Korte, G. Mendel, E. Lambert, V. Corre, M. V. Leal-Costa, A. Mehrabian","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.893627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.893627","url":null,"abstract":"Koffi Akpagana, University of Lome, Togo Kamuran Aktaṣ, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Turkey Salma Arous, ISBST, Tunisia Sylvie Baudino, Saint-Etienne University, France Eduardo Biondi, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy Frédéric Bioret, Western Brittany University, Brest, France Alexander Bobrov, I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Russian Federation Borok, Nekouz Distr., Yarostavl Reg. Yves Brostaux, Liège University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT), Liège, Belgium Salvo Brullo Università di Catania, Italy Giuseppe Brundu, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy Jean-Claude Caissard, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne France Clément Carré, INRA-SAGA, Auzeville France Gabriele Casazza, Università di Genova, Italy Lourdes Chamorro, University of Barcelona, Spain Michel Chauvet, INRA, Montpellier, France Laure Civeyrel, Ecolab, Toulouse, France Katia Comte, Museum Nationale d’histoire naturelle de Paris (MNHN), Paris, France Joël Crèche, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France Bruno De Foucault, Société botanique de France, Roullens, France Alain Decendit, Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, France Jean Louis Devineau, CNRS, Orléans France Romeo Di Pietro, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy Marie-Françoise Diot, Société botanique de France, Périgueux, France Elisabeth Dodinet, Société Botanique de France, Saint-Laurent d’Olt, France Noelle Dorion, INH, INH, Angers, France Charles Doumenge, CIRAD, Montpellier France Atsushi Ebihara, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan Claude Edelin CNRS, Montpellier University, France Walid Elfalleh, Arid Land Institute Medenine, Tunisia Olivier Faure, Saint-Etienne University, France Jack B. Fisher, University of British Columbia, Canada Guillaume Fried, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montpellier, France Thierry Gauquelin, Institut méditerranéen d’écologie et de paléoécologie, Marseille, France Laurène Gay INRA, AMAP, Montpellier, France Rodolfo Gentili, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy Gianpietro Giusso Del Galdo, Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy Sabine Greulich, François Rabelais University, Tours, France Hervé Gryta, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, France Riccardo Guarino, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy Muhammad Iqbal, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India Dr. Sonali Jana, Postdoctoral fellow at Gyeongsang National University, South Korea Marc Jullien, INRA, Versailles, France","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"7 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.893627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.864998
M. Adiko, S. Bouttier, Timothée Aboua Okpekon, Sylvie Lambert, L. Aké-Assi, B. Kablan, P. Champy
Résumé Une enquête ethnobotanique semi-dirigée, focalisée sur le traitement traditionnel des ophtalmies, a été menée auprès de 17 vendeuses de plantes médicinales, issues d’ethnies diverses, installées sur les marchés d’Adjamé et d’Abobo, communes du District d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Les pathologies oculaires prises en charge sont notamment les conjonctivites telles que le koko ou l’apollo. Les vendeuses citent chacune, en moyenne, l’emploi de cinq plantes utilisées dans ces affections. 44 drogues végétales issues de 36 plantes appartenant à 26 familles botaniques ont été recensées et identifiées. Leur emploi se fait à l’état sec ou frais, sous forme de décoction ou de jus exprimé, pour instillation ou bain oculaire et parfois lavage du visage. Les espèces les plus citées sont Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana (Melastomataceae) et Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. (Crassulaceae). Les plantes ont été récoltées et l’activité antibactérienne d’extraits aqueux et méthanoliques préparés à partir des drogues végétales sèches a été évaluée vis-à-vis de six espèces bactériennes couramment responsables d’infections oculaires. Les résultats de ce criblage ne montrent pas de corrélation avec la fréquence de citation des espèces.
{"title":"Phytothérapie traditionnelle des conjonctivites en milieu urbain ivoirien : enquête sur les deux marchés aux plantes médicinales d’Abidjan","authors":"M. Adiko, S. Bouttier, Timothée Aboua Okpekon, Sylvie Lambert, L. Aké-Assi, B. Kablan, P. Champy","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.864998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.864998","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Une enquête ethnobotanique semi-dirigée, focalisée sur le traitement traditionnel des ophtalmies, a été menée auprès de 17 vendeuses de plantes médicinales, issues d’ethnies diverses, installées sur les marchés d’Adjamé et d’Abobo, communes du District d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Les pathologies oculaires prises en charge sont notamment les conjonctivites telles que le koko ou l’apollo. Les vendeuses citent chacune, en moyenne, l’emploi de cinq plantes utilisées dans ces affections. 44 drogues végétales issues de 36 plantes appartenant à 26 familles botaniques ont été recensées et identifiées. Leur emploi se fait à l’état sec ou frais, sous forme de décoction ou de jus exprimé, pour instillation ou bain oculaire et parfois lavage du visage. Les espèces les plus citées sont Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana (Melastomataceae) et Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. (Crassulaceae). Les plantes ont été récoltées et l’activité antibactérienne d’extraits aqueux et méthanoliques préparés à partir des drogues végétales sèches a été évaluée vis-à-vis de six espèces bactériennes couramment responsables d’infections oculaires. Les résultats de ce criblage ne montrent pas de corrélation avec la fréquence de citation des espèces.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"33 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.864998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.846874
A. Cornille, P. Gladieux, T. Giraud
Abstract Despite its economic, cultural and historical importance, few studies have investigated the evolutionary history of the domesticated apple (Malus domestica) as well as those of its wild relatives. Using new population genetic approaches (approximate Bayesian computation) with microsatellites and nuclear sequences, this thesis aimed to unravel, at different evolutionary scales (phylogeography, speciation, domestication), the natural and artificial diversification processes at play in the Malus genus. Research focused on the four wild apple species distributed across Eurasia [Malus orientalis (Caucasus), Malus sieversii (Central Asia), Malus sylvestris (Europe) and Malus baccata (Siberia)] and on the single domesticated apple species in the genus, Malus domestica. The thesis was divided into four parts: (1) domestication history of the cultivated apple, from its origin in Central Asia to Europe, (2) post-glacial recolonization history of the European crabapple (M. sylvestris), (3) the history of speciation among the five Malus species, (4) crop-to-wild gene flow and dispersal capacities of the closest wild relative species (M. sylvestris, M. sieversii and M. orientalis). By investigating artificial diversification, we found evidence of unique processes of domestication in this fruit tree, with no bottleneck and with extensive post-domestication introgressions by a wild species (M. sylvestris) other than the ancestral progenitor (M. sieversii). Natural diversification patterns (phylogeography, speciation and population structure) revealed large effective population sizes, high dispersal capacities and weak spatial genetic structures. This thesis also revealed high levels of interspecific hybridizations, and a particularly high level of crop-to-wild gene flow in Europe and Central Asia. This study extended our knowledge of population structures for the wild species that contributed to the cultivated apple genome, as well as the extent of hybridization rates. This work is essential for the conservation of wild apple populations, the maintenance of the integrity of wild species facing fragmentation and future breeding programmes concerning the domesticated apple.
{"title":"News of the Société Botanique de France","authors":"A. Cornille, P. Gladieux, T. Giraud","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.846874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.846874","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite its economic, cultural and historical importance, few studies have investigated the evolutionary history of the domesticated apple (Malus domestica) as well as those of its wild relatives. Using new population genetic approaches (approximate Bayesian computation) with microsatellites and nuclear sequences, this thesis aimed to unravel, at different evolutionary scales (phylogeography, speciation, domestication), the natural and artificial diversification processes at play in the Malus genus. Research focused on the four wild apple species distributed across Eurasia [Malus orientalis (Caucasus), Malus sieversii (Central Asia), Malus sylvestris (Europe) and Malus baccata (Siberia)] and on the single domesticated apple species in the genus, Malus domestica. The thesis was divided into four parts: (1) domestication history of the cultivated apple, from its origin in Central Asia to Europe, (2) post-glacial recolonization history of the European crabapple (M. sylvestris), (3) the history of speciation among the five Malus species, (4) crop-to-wild gene flow and dispersal capacities of the closest wild relative species (M. sylvestris, M. sieversii and M. orientalis). By investigating artificial diversification, we found evidence of unique processes of domestication in this fruit tree, with no bottleneck and with extensive post-domestication introgressions by a wild species (M. sylvestris) other than the ancestral progenitor (M. sieversii). Natural diversification patterns (phylogeography, speciation and population structure) revealed large effective population sizes, high dispersal capacities and weak spatial genetic structures. This thesis also revealed high levels of interspecific hybridizations, and a particularly high level of crop-to-wild gene flow in Europe and Central Asia. This study extended our knowledge of population structures for the wild species that contributed to the cultivated apple genome, as well as the extent of hybridization rates. This work is essential for the conservation of wild apple populations, the maintenance of the integrity of wild species facing fragmentation and future breeding programmes concerning the domesticated apple.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"11 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.846874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-12DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.830073
G. Chomicki
Abstract Rhizome morphology of 18 Zingiberales species growing in situ in lowland Ecuadorian rainforest (Payamino) covering six of the eight families of the order is presented. Phenetic and morphological analyses reveal two strategies that vary starkly in their mode of construction and geometry. Furthermore, parsimony-based character evolution in a resolved phylogenetic framework identifies convergent evolution of these strategies. The two strategies uncovered by the phenetic and morphological analyses are correlated with branching localization and timing: species showing delayed, non-positional–preferential branching exhibit poorly predictable, non-geometric rhizomes whereas species exhibiting immediate branching occurring at specific internodes display predictable, highly geometric rhizome morphologies. Hence, the control of two simple developmental parameters defines two distinct modes of construction in basitonically branched, rhizomatous plants. Multiple switches in the state of these characters during the evolution of Zingiberales resulted in diversification and convergence of rhizome morphologies in the order.
{"title":"Analysis of rhizome morphology of the Zingiberales in Payamino (Ecuador) reveals convergent evolution of two distinct architectural strategies","authors":"G. Chomicki","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.830073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.830073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rhizome morphology of 18 Zingiberales species growing in situ in lowland Ecuadorian rainforest (Payamino) covering six of the eight families of the order is presented. Phenetic and morphological analyses reveal two strategies that vary starkly in their mode of construction and geometry. Furthermore, parsimony-based character evolution in a resolved phylogenetic framework identifies convergent evolution of these strategies. The two strategies uncovered by the phenetic and morphological analyses are correlated with branching localization and timing: species showing delayed, non-positional–preferential branching exhibit poorly predictable, non-geometric rhizomes whereas species exhibiting immediate branching occurring at specific internodes display predictable, highly geometric rhizome morphologies. Hence, the control of two simple developmental parameters defines two distinct modes of construction in basitonically branched, rhizomatous plants. Multiple switches in the state of these characters during the evolution of Zingiberales resulted in diversification and convergence of rhizome morphologies in the order.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"239 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.830073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-12DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.835281
E. Matteucci, J. Nascimbene, S. E. Favero-Longo, D. Isocrono
Abstract Western Italian Alps (namely Piedmont and the Aosta Valley) are among the lichenologically best known regions of Italy with c.1200 species listed. However, despite the long temporal continuity of lichen studies, information is still geographically uneven and data on the occurrence and distribution of many species are missing. An opportunity to fill this gap is currently provided by ecological and applied studies that assess the response of lichen communities to environmental factors in terms of species richness and composition. This study reports species that are new or interesting records for the western Italian Alps or noteworthy mainly because of their conservation status provided by ecological and applied studies in Aosta Valley and Piedmont and by some recent floristic surveys. A list of 51 records referring to 47 species is reported and discussed; 20 species are new to the Aosta Valley, 17 are new to Piedmont and 11 species are reported for the first time in the Western Italian Alps, being new for both regions. More than 25% of the records derive from stonework biodeterioration studies providing noteworthy data due to substrata analysed. About 35% of records derive from both air pollution monitoring studies and research on lichen conservation in relation to forest management. Biomonitoring studies are based on robust sampling design that allows data to be compared across regions and time series, improving the information associated with floristic data. Research on epiphytic lichens in Italian forests, rapidly increasing in Italy in the last years, has contributed significant advances in lichen floristics in Italy and in modelling environmental factors that are relevant for lichen ecology and conservation.
{"title":"New and noteworthy lichens from the Western Italian Alps","authors":"E. Matteucci, J. Nascimbene, S. E. Favero-Longo, D. Isocrono","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.835281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.835281","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Western Italian Alps (namely Piedmont and the Aosta Valley) are among the lichenologically best known regions of Italy with c.1200 species listed. However, despite the long temporal continuity of lichen studies, information is still geographically uneven and data on the occurrence and distribution of many species are missing. An opportunity to fill this gap is currently provided by ecological and applied studies that assess the response of lichen communities to environmental factors in terms of species richness and composition. This study reports species that are new or interesting records for the western Italian Alps or noteworthy mainly because of their conservation status provided by ecological and applied studies in Aosta Valley and Piedmont and by some recent floristic surveys. A list of 51 records referring to 47 species is reported and discussed; 20 species are new to the Aosta Valley, 17 are new to Piedmont and 11 species are reported for the first time in the Western Italian Alps, being new for both regions. More than 25% of the records derive from stonework biodeterioration studies providing noteworthy data due to substrata analysed. About 35% of records derive from both air pollution monitoring studies and research on lichen conservation in relation to forest management. Biomonitoring studies are based on robust sampling design that allows data to be compared across regions and time series, improving the information associated with floristic data. Research on epiphytic lichens in Italian forests, rapidly increasing in Italy in the last years, has contributed significant advances in lichen floristics in Italy and in modelling environmental factors that are relevant for lichen ecology and conservation.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"261 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.835281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-12DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.830072
K. S. Rao, K. Rajput, Yoon Kim
Abstract The pattern of secondary growth and occurrence of laticifers was studied in the tap root of papaya (Carica papaya L., Caricaceae). The vascular cambium was differentiated, producing secondary phloem centrifugally and xylem centripetally. Phloem was composed of sieve tube members, companion cells, fibres and parenchyma, whereas the xylem was mainly thin-walled parenchyma tissue with lignified vessels embedded in it. The root vascular tissue was characterized by the occurrence of isolated, narrow, but thick-walled articulated laticiferous cells. Fusiform cambial cells produced laticiferous cells only in the centripetal direction, whereas ray cambial cells produced these cells both centripetally and centrifugally. Laticifers underwent intrusive tip growth and their maturation was marked by the disappearance of transverse septa. These cells appeared as narrow segmented cells close to the cambial zone whereas in the xylem they were isolated and elongated with sinuous or constricted walls. Radial growth, structure and distribution of laticifers in the root are discussed.
{"title":"Secondary growth and occurrence of laticifers in the root of papaya (Carica papaya L.)","authors":"K. S. Rao, K. Rajput, Yoon Kim","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.830072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.830072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pattern of secondary growth and occurrence of laticifers was studied in the tap root of papaya (Carica papaya L., Caricaceae). The vascular cambium was differentiated, producing secondary phloem centrifugally and xylem centripetally. Phloem was composed of sieve tube members, companion cells, fibres and parenchyma, whereas the xylem was mainly thin-walled parenchyma tissue with lignified vessels embedded in it. The root vascular tissue was characterized by the occurrence of isolated, narrow, but thick-walled articulated laticiferous cells. Fusiform cambial cells produced laticiferous cells only in the centripetal direction, whereas ray cambial cells produced these cells both centripetally and centrifugally. Laticifers underwent intrusive tip growth and their maturation was marked by the disappearance of transverse septa. These cells appeared as narrow segmented cells close to the cambial zone whereas in the xylem they were isolated and elongated with sinuous or constricted walls. Radial growth, structure and distribution of laticifers in the root are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"255 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.830072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-12DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.809316
C. Carré, F. Gamboa, B. Pujol, E. Manfredi
Abstract Genetic links among individuals are widely used to characterize the diversity of domesticated and natural populations and they also provide complementary information for statistical population summaries. We first discuss the measures used by geneticists based on genealogy and DNA data. The choice of metrics of genetic links should be coherent with the objectives: biodiversity or genotype–phenotype relationships. For the last objective, we evaluate by simulation the interest of genetic distances when the objective is the prediction of individual genetic values and phenotypes using kernel regression. A pseudo-distance based on correlations between marker genotypes of pairs of individual yields better predictions than other classical definition of distances.
{"title":"Genetic links among individuals: from genealogies to molecular markers","authors":"C. Carré, F. Gamboa, B. Pujol, E. Manfredi","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.809316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.809316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genetic links among individuals are widely used to characterize the diversity of domesticated and natural populations and they also provide complementary information for statistical population summaries. We first discuss the measures used by geneticists based on genealogy and DNA data. The choice of metrics of genetic links should be coherent with the objectives: biodiversity or genotype–phenotype relationships. For the last objective, we evaluate by simulation the interest of genetic distances when the objective is the prediction of individual genetic values and phenotypes using kernel regression. A pseudo-distance based on correlations between marker genotypes of pairs of individual yields better predictions than other classical definition of distances.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"221 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.809316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-12DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.799045
B. Pujol, J. Galaud
Abstract In adaptation studies, approaches in genomics investigate the genetic, cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in adaptation using model organisms. In study systems such as Arabidopsis, the demand is high to test for the effect of genes which polymorphism is known on the ability of plants to cope with adverse environmental conditions. In evolutionary ecology, understanding how selection and environmental heterogeneity shape the diversity of organisms is crucial. In that regard, tools to decipher how the architecture of standing genetic variation affects the evolutionary potential of plants to adapt are required. Quantitative genetics provide a range of statistical methods that could be used to study those questions but are generally neglected as a consequence of their scary name, as for example for the pedigree based random regression method used in our approach. Here, we provide a practical guide for researchers from multiple domains who would like to use such methods. We begin by providing an overview of some of the challenges in plant sciences, such as understanding the role of regulatory genes in adaptation that could gain from using such approach. We then illustrate the “how to” of the method by applying it to an imaginary example. We also provide a complete tutorial in the supplementary online material under the form of a protocol and data that can be used to train researchers and students by replicating entirely our approach. We conclude by highlighting the advantages and limits of such approach.
{"title":"A practical guide to quantifying the effect of genes underlying adaptation in a mixed genomics and evolutionary ecology approach","authors":"B. Pujol, J. Galaud","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.799045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.799045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In adaptation studies, approaches in genomics investigate the genetic, cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in adaptation using model organisms. In study systems such as Arabidopsis, the demand is high to test for the effect of genes which polymorphism is known on the ability of plants to cope with adverse environmental conditions. In evolutionary ecology, understanding how selection and environmental heterogeneity shape the diversity of organisms is crucial. In that regard, tools to decipher how the architecture of standing genetic variation affects the evolutionary potential of plants to adapt are required. Quantitative genetics provide a range of statistical methods that could be used to study those questions but are generally neglected as a consequence of their scary name, as for example for the pedigree based random regression method used in our approach. Here, we provide a practical guide for researchers from multiple domains who would like to use such methods. We begin by providing an overview of some of the challenges in plant sciences, such as understanding the role of regulatory genes in adaptation that could gain from using such approach. We then illustrate the “how to” of the method by applying it to an imaginary example. We also provide a complete tutorial in the supplementary online material under the form of a protocol and data that can be used to train researchers and students by replicating entirely our approach. We conclude by highlighting the advantages and limits of such approach.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"197 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.799045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-12DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.822827
J. Gauzere, S. Oddou‐Muratorio, C. Pichot, F. Lefèvre, E. Klein
Abstract In plant quantitative genetic studies conducted ex situ, the large number of seeds produced per individual has promoted the use of open-pollinated progeny tests. In subsequent analyses, seeds collected on the same mother-plant are assumed to be half-sibs. The consequences of the departure from half-sib assumption in progeny tests have been investigated since the 1960s using simulation approaches and, more recently, using molecular-based experimental approaches. This review aims to synthesize the results and conclusions of these simulation and empirical studies. We focus on tree species, where controlled crosses are difficult to carry out experimentally and departures from half-sib assumptions occur frequently in natural populations. First, the average level of relatedness expected within maternal progeny for many tree populations is higher than that of half-sibs. This is the consequence of non-random mating resulting from the small number of effective pollen donors per female, unequal male reproductive success and/or selfing. As result, estimates of genetic variance and heritability for quantitative traits may be upward biased. Alternatively, inbreeding depression, dominance effects and the heterogeneity of the male gamete pool among females are often neglected, which may lead to underestimation of the heritability of traits. A correction based on the mean genetic relatedness between offspring and the relatedness between parents is often used to compensate those biases. However, such correction cannot accurately adjust the estimates in situations where variable levels of genetic relatedness among families, dominance effects or inbreeding depression exist within the progeny. An alternative and promising approach is the use of the “animal model” approach, which optimizes the use of molecular data and paternal information to estimate heritability more accurately.
{"title":"Biases in quantitative genetic analyses using open-pollinated progeny tests from natural tree populations","authors":"J. Gauzere, S. Oddou‐Muratorio, C. Pichot, F. Lefèvre, E. Klein","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.822827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.822827","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In plant quantitative genetic studies conducted ex situ, the large number of seeds produced per individual has promoted the use of open-pollinated progeny tests. In subsequent analyses, seeds collected on the same mother-plant are assumed to be half-sibs. The consequences of the departure from half-sib assumption in progeny tests have been investigated since the 1960s using simulation approaches and, more recently, using molecular-based experimental approaches. This review aims to synthesize the results and conclusions of these simulation and empirical studies. We focus on tree species, where controlled crosses are difficult to carry out experimentally and departures from half-sib assumptions occur frequently in natural populations. First, the average level of relatedness expected within maternal progeny for many tree populations is higher than that of half-sibs. This is the consequence of non-random mating resulting from the small number of effective pollen donors per female, unequal male reproductive success and/or selfing. As result, estimates of genetic variance and heritability for quantitative traits may be upward biased. Alternatively, inbreeding depression, dominance effects and the heterogeneity of the male gamete pool among females are often neglected, which may lead to underestimation of the heritability of traits. A correction based on the mean genetic relatedness between offspring and the relatedness between parents is often used to compensate those biases. However, such correction cannot accurately adjust the estimates in situations where variable levels of genetic relatedness among families, dominance effects or inbreeding depression exist within the progeny. An alternative and promising approach is the use of the “animal model” approach, which optimizes the use of molecular data and paternal information to estimate heritability more accurately.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"227 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.822827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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