Additive manufacturing最新文献_第6页

Cross-scale mechanisms of anisotropy in 3D-printed Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) 3d打印超高性能混凝土（UHPC）各向异性的跨尺度机制

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105014

Hui Zhang , Jie Wu , Bo-Tao Huang , Rena C. Yu , Ming Xia , Jay G. Sanjayan , Yu-Jie Huang

Integrating Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) into 3D printing (3DP-UHPC) offers a rebar-free reinforcement solution, yet the effect of fibre fraction on micro/meso-structural and mechanical properties remains poorly understood. This study bridges this gap through a multi-scale framework combining DIC, X-ray CT, and in-situ micro-loading to elucidate the interrelations among processing, structure, and performance. Results show that fibre volume fraction significantly affects fracture anisotropy through its impact on interfacial quality, pore morphology, and fibre alignment. Elongated pores are mainly distributed along interlayer and interstrip interfaces, but extrusion-induced “de-airing” enhances matrix densification, reducing porosity below that of cast UHPC. Steel fibres align along the print path, constrained by layer height, with dominant orientations between 60^° and 90^°. A novel compression-interlock strip-stacking strategy further improves interlayer compactness by eliminating macro-pores. These improvements lead to superior compressive strength compared to prior reports, attributed to enhanced fibre orientation and matrix density. The study provides a quantitative basis for understanding mechanical anisotropy in 3DP-UHPC and proposes design strategies to optimise fibre distribution, pore architecture, and layer integration, delivering valuable cross-scale insights for tailored material design and enhanced printing control.

将超高性能混凝土（UHPC）集成到3D打印（3D -UHPC）中提供了一种无钢筋的加固解决方案，但纤维含量对微/细观结构和机械性能的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究通过结合DIC、x射线CT和原位微加载的多尺度框架来弥补这一空白，以阐明加工、结构和性能之间的相互关系。结果表明，纤维体积分数通过影响界面质量、孔隙形态和纤维取向显著影响裂缝的各向异性。拉长孔隙主要分布在层间和带间界面，但挤压引起的“去气”增强了基体致密化，使孔隙率低于铸态UHPC。钢纤维沿着打印路径排列，受层高度的限制，主导方向在60°和90°之间。一种新型的压缩-互锁条带叠加策略通过消除大孔隙进一步提高层间致密性。与之前的报道相比，这些改进带来了更高的抗压强度，这要归功于纤维取向和基体密度的增强。该研究为了解3d - uhpc的力学各向异性提供了定量基础，并提出了优化纤维分布、孔隙结构和层集成的设计策略，为定制材料设计和增强打印控制提供了有价值的跨尺度见解。

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引用次数: 0

Grain inclination design in metal additive manufacturing: Insights into growth mechanism from driving force decomposition 金属增材制造中的晶粒倾角设计：从驱动力分解看生长机制

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105040

Peng Wang , Yuping Zhu , Jingjing Liang , Junying Yang , Yizhou Zhou , Lei Shi , Liming Lei , Xiaofeng Sun , Jinguo Li

In-situ manipulation of the grain growth direction is a fundamental yet unsolved challenge in metal additive manufacturing technology, which restricts the advancement of superimposed design of internal microstructure and macroscopic shape requirements. Herein, the "inclined grains" were successfully fabricated in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using geometrical-dependent process parameters for the first time. Subsequently, the multi-physics model combined with a "single crystal seeding" experiment was employed to uncover the underlying driving force mechanism. Our study reveals a series of occurrences: an asymmetric temperature and flow coupling field was created in the building region during the layer-wise printing process. Further, the field acting in each direction influences the crystallographic orientation of inclined grains and their respective populations. Most intriguingly, a unique competitive growth mechanism is hidden within the inclined microstructure, which has eluded documentation in prior additive manufacturing research. Based on these heuristic results in driving force decomposition, a scientific concept was proposed to guide the inclined grain design in three dimensions. For practical use, the criteria and suggestions were elucidated for use in process design to tailor different inclination angles. This work delivers deep insights into the design of inclined grains and contributes to new grades of component superposition design in L-PBF.

晶粒生长方向的原位控制是金属增材制造技术中一个基本但尚未解决的难题，它制约了内部微观结构和宏观形状要求的叠加设计的推进。本文首次利用几何相关工艺参数在激光粉末床熔合（L-PBF）中成功制备了“倾斜晶粒”。随后，采用多物理场模型结合“单晶播种”实验，揭示了潜在的驱动机制。我们的研究揭示了一系列现象：在分层印刷过程中，在建筑区域产生了不对称的温度和流动耦合场。此外，在每个方向上作用的场影响倾斜晶粒的晶体取向及其各自的种群。最有趣的是，一种独特的竞争生长机制隐藏在倾斜的微观结构中，这在之前的增材制造研究中没有记录。基于这些驱动力分解的启发式结果，提出了一种科学的三维斜粒设计指导概念。在实际应用中，给出了工艺设计的准则和建议，以适应不同的倾角。这项工作为倾斜颗粒的设计提供了深刻的见解，并有助于L-PBF中组分叠加设计的新等级。

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引用次数: 0

Concurrent optimization of laser scanning path and structural topology for thermal distortion control in additive manufacturing 面向增材制造热变形控制的激光扫描路径与结构拓扑并行优化

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105046

Xiaoyu Huang , Yi Xiong , Mingdong Zhou

A systemic topology optimization approach is presented in this work to concurrent design parts, their supports, and laser scanning paths for powder bed metal additive manufacturing (AM), aiming to achieve controllable thermal distortion, optimized mechanical properties, and minimum material consumption. A novel density-based parametrization model is proposed to concurrently represent both structural topology and laser path with island scanning pattern. To avoid the recoater collision during the AM process, a thermal deformation constraint is developed based on inherent strain method, in which the structural type and laser scanning pattern related strains are calibrated and validated by AM experiments. Additionally, an overhang constraint and a two-field-based length scale control formulation are employed to further guarantee manufacturability. The proposed approach exhibits a desirable gain in design freedoms as well as reduction of supports consumption with improved mechanical performance of the optimized prototype, compared conventional to topology-only optimization. Besides, the concurrent optimization of structure topology and laser scanning path exhibits superior performance in thermal distortion control compared to sequential optimization.

本文提出了一种系统的拓扑优化方法，用于粉末床金属增材制造（AM）的零件、支架和激光扫描路径的并行设计，旨在实现可控的热变形、优化的机械性能和最小的材料消耗。提出了一种新的基于密度的参数化模型，可以同时表示结构拓扑和具有岛状扫描模式的激光路径。为了避免增材制造过程中的重拍器碰撞，提出了一种基于固有应变法的热变形约束方法，并通过增材制造实验对结构类型和激光扫描模式相关应变进行了标定和验证。此外，还采用了悬垂约束和基于两场的长度尺度控制公式来进一步保证可制造性。与传统的拓扑优化相比，所提出的方法在设计自由度上获得了理想的增益，并且通过改进优化原型的机械性能来减少支架消耗。此外，结构拓扑和激光扫描路径并行优化在热变形控制方面表现出优于顺序优化的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Crack-free nickel-copper (Monel K500/GRCop-42) interfaces formed under alternating build sequences via multi-material laser powder bed fusion 多材料激光粉末床熔接在交替构建顺序下形成无裂纹镍铜（Monel K500/GRCop-42）界面

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105037

Chonghao Wang , Yijun Wang , Haiyang Fan , Youqing Sun , Shoufeng Yang

Bimetallic nickel-copper systems are promising for aerospace components requiring combined strength and thermal conductivity, yet interfacial cracking during laser powder bed fusion remains a critical challenge. Based on recent studies indicating that nickel alloy compositional modification can alleviate interfacial issues, Monel K500 has shown particular potential given its high copper content and correspondingly low mixing enthalpy with copper alloys. However, the interfacial formation mechanism in Monel/copper systems warrants a thorough investigation. Therefore, this study specifically investigated the Monel K500/GRCop-42 interfacial characteristics fabricated via laser powder bed fusion. The high copper content and absence of low-miscibility elements of Monel K500 substantially reduces mixing enthalpy with CuCrNb, suppressing liquid-phase separation in molten pools while eliminating brittle intermetallic phase formation. These synergistic effects collectively enable crack-free interfaces, with alternating build sequences (NiCu→CuCrNb versus CuCrNb→NiCu) producing distinct interfacial morphologies. The NiCu/CuCrNb configuration forms planar boundaries with gradual composition gradients, whereas the reverse sequence develops zig-zag interfaces characterized by heterogeneous elemental mixing. Compositional heterogeneity disrupts epitaxial columnar growth across the interface, promoting near-equiaxed grain formation that enhances thermal stress accommodation capability within the interfacial region. Tensile tests reveal robust bonding as vertical specimens fracture exclusively in the CuCrNb region, while horizontal bimetals achieve approximately 30 % enhancements in both tensile strength and ductility compared to single-material CuCrNb.

双金属镍铜系统对于航空航天部件来说是很有前途的，需要综合强度和导热性，但在激光粉末床熔化过程中，界面开裂仍然是一个关键的挑战。最近的研究表明，镍合金的成分改性可以缓解界面问题，Monel K500由于其高铜含量和相应的低混合焓而显示出特别的潜力。然而，蒙乃尔/铜体系的界面形成机制值得深入研究。因此，本研究专门研究了激光粉末床熔合制备的Monel K500/GRCop-42的界面特性。Monel K500的高铜含量和不含低混相元素大大降低了与CuCrNb的混合焓，抑制了熔池中的液相分离，同时消除了脆性金属间相的形成。这些协同效应共同使界面无裂纹，交替构建序列（NiCu→CuCrNb vs CuCrNb→NiCu）产生不同的界面形态。NiCu/CuCrNb结构形成了具有渐变组成梯度的平面边界，而相反的结构则形成了具有非均质元素混合特征的锯齿形界面。成分的非均质性破坏了界面上外延柱的生长，促进了近等轴晶粒的形成，增强了界面区域内的热应力调节能力。拉伸测试表明，垂直试样只在CuCrNb区域断裂，而水平双金属与单一材料CuCrNb相比，拉伸强度和延展性都提高了约30 %。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring strength and ductility in Ti-5553/Ti-42Nb layered heterostructures produced by laser powder bed fusion 激光粉末床熔合制备Ti-5553/Ti-42Nb层状异质结构的裁剪强度和延展性

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105033

João Felipe Queiroz Rodrigues , Márcio Sangali , Gilberto Vicente Prandi , Matheus Valentim , Leticia Falcão Starck , Kaio Niitsu Campo , Juliano Soyama , Rubens Caram

The fabrication of heterogeneous structures represents a versatile approach to tailoring the strength vs. ductility relationship. In this work, a layered heterostructure based on different Ti alloys was produced by laser powder bed fusion, consisting of alternating layers of a strong heat-treatable alloy (Ti-5553) and a more ductile, tougher material (Ti-42Nb). The results indicate that the layers were dense and retained their nominal composition with good dimensional precision. The material alternation disrupted continuous epitaxial growth across macro-layers, reducing crystallographic texture intensity and overall anisotropy. The solution treatment followed by aging could significantly alter the strength of the layered heterostructure without causing delamination. Stiffness could be tuned, from approximately 65 GPa after solution treatment to approximately 94 GPa after aging at 500 °C. In its as-built state, the heterostructure exhibited an excellent combination of properties, with an ultimate tensile strength of around 800 MPa and an elongation of over 10 %. Fracture analysis revealed that microvoid coalescence was the primary failure mechanism in both alloy layers. Thermodynamic calculations and diffusion simulations clarified α-phase precipitation and interlayer oxygen diffusion effects, which influence the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution. These results provide valuable insight and practical guidelines for designing multi-material metallic additive manufacturing components with tunable mechanical properties.

异质结构的制造代表了一种剪裁强度与延性关系的通用方法。在这项工作中，通过激光粉末床熔合产生了基于不同Ti合金的层状异质结构，由强热处理合金（Ti-5553）和更韧性，更坚韧的材料（Ti- 42nb）交替层组成。结果表明，所制备的膜层致密且保持了其标称成分，具有良好的尺寸精度。材料的交替破坏了宏观层间的连续外延生长，降低了晶体织构强度和整体各向异性。固溶后时效处理可以显著改变层状异质组织的强度，但不会引起分层。硬度可以调整，从固溶处理后的约65 GPa到500°C时效后的约94 GPa。在其构建状态下，异质结构表现出优异的综合性能，其极限拉伸强度约为800 MPa，伸长率超过10 %。断口分析表明，微孔洞聚结是两层合金的主要破坏机制。热力学计算和扩散模拟表明α相析出和层间氧扩散效应影响了合金的力学性能和微观组织演变。这些结果为设计具有可调力学性能的多材料金属增材制造部件提供了有价值的见解和实用指南。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-wavelength digital-light projection for precise spatial-temporal photochemical reaction-kinetics control 双波长数字光投影精确的时空光化学反应动力学控制

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105021

Taeseung Hwang, Kaiwen Hsiao

Controlling multi-wavelengths photochemical reactions with spatial-temporal precision at the micrometer length-scale is at the heart of engineering functionally graded materials. Dual-wavelength (445 nm and 349 nm) imaging projection system based DLP platform with < 200 nm projection resolution is developed. To understand dual-wavelength reaction-diffusion kinetics tunability, a wavelength-dependent photo-RAFT chemistry is employed. Orthogonally controlled, structural illumination of UV and blue patterns are developed with varying dual-wavelength projection distance, projection area ratio, and power ratio to control the competition between photopolymerization and photoinhibition at micrometer length scales (1–4

μ

m). A simulation model that combines laser optics and photo-RAFT based reaction-kinetics is developed to elucidate transient radical concentration and degree of conversion. A close agreement between simulation and experiment is obtained and prediction of printing resolution is achieved. Finally, a large-area (millimeter length scale) dual-wavelengths controlled printed micro-structured array is established that indicates the scalability of the dual-wavelength imaging projection system-based, nano-resolution DLP platform.

在微米长度尺度上以时空精度控制多波长光化学反应是工程功能梯度材料的核心。研制了基于<； 200 nm投影分辨率的DLP平台双波长（445 nm和349 nm）成像投影系统。为了理解双波长反应扩散动力学的可调性，采用了波长相关的光筏化学。在正交控制下，通过改变双波长投影距离、投影面积比和功率比来控制微米尺度（1-4 μm）光聚合和光抑制之间的竞争，形成UV和蓝色图案的结构照明。建立了一种结合激光光学和基于光筏反应动力学的模拟模型来解释瞬态自由基浓度和转化程度。仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好，实现了打印分辨率的预测。最后，建立了一个大面积（毫米长度尺度）双波长控制的印刷微结构阵列，表明了基于双波长成像投影系统的纳米分辨率DLP平台的可扩展性。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance electromagnetic micropumps fabricated via multi-material jetting additive manufacturing 采用多材料喷射增材制造技术制造高性能电磁微泵

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105038

Chen Lin , Xu Chen , Zeyu Wang , Xiaotong Guo , Michail E. Kiziroglou , Eric M. Yeatman

Micropumps serve as key sources of liquid propulsion in various microfluidic applications. High-performance with low fabrication complexity and cost is vital for disposable applications and mass production but remain challenging for electromagnetic reciprocating micropumps. Multi-material jetting (MMJ) 3D printing offers an opportunity owing to multi-material integration and high production efficiency while maintaining satisfactory resolution and surface quality for pump performance. However, there has been no previous demonstration of efficient fabrication of cost-effective liquid passive-valve electromagnetic micropumps based on MMJ 3D printing or other additive manufacturing techniques due to challenges in 3D model design and tailored fabrication workflow. This work proposes a new 3D model design to allow high-quality integration of soft and rigid elements and facilitate efficient assembly with good sealing based on a tailored fabrication workflow. Experimental optimization of micropumps is performed by comparing the performance of prototypes with varying chamber volume and membrane thickness. The devices are magnetically actuated wirelessly and exhibit a maximum flow rate and backpressure of 8.7 mL/min and 5.9 kPa at 1 W actuation power for a pump diaphragm diameter of 8 mm. Low material cost, estimated to be 1.1 £ per micropump, has been achieved. The membrane's viscoelastic behavior during operation is characterized. Flow rate stability tests show the coefficient of variation down to 6–11 % for an instant flow rate ranging from 4 to 7 mL/min, indicating feasibility in practical applications. These results suggest the great promise of MMJ 3D printing for low-cost, high-performance, miniature micropumps suitable for low-voltage disposable applications and mass production.

在各种微流体应用中，微泵是液体推进的关键来源。高性能、低制造复杂性和低成本对于一次性应用和大规模生产至关重要，但对于电磁往复微泵来说仍然是一个挑战。多材料喷射（MMJ） 3D打印提供了一个机会，因为多材料集成和高生产效率，同时保持令人满意的分辨率和表面质量的泵性能。然而，由于3D模型设计和定制制造工作流程的挑战，目前还没有基于MMJ 3D打印或其他增材制造技术高效制造具有成本效益的液体被动阀电磁微泵的演示。这项工作提出了一种新的3D模型设计，允许高质量的软硬元件集成，并促进基于定制制造工作流程的高效装配和良好的密封性。通过对比不同腔室体积和膜厚的原型泵的性能，对微泵进行了实验优化。该装置采用磁力无线驱动，在1 W驱动功率下，泵隔膜直径为8 mm时，最大流量和背压分别为8.7 mL/min和5.9 kPa。低材料成本，估计为1.1 £ 每微泵，已经实现。表征了膜在运行过程中的粘弹性行为。流量稳定性试验表明，瞬时流量为4 ~ 7 mL/min时，变异系数可达6-11 %，表明在实际应用中是可行的。这些结果表明，MMJ 3D打印在低成本、高性能、适用于低压一次性应用和大规模生产的微型微泵方面有着巨大的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Silane-based particle-matrix coupling in intumescent flame retardant systems for PBF-LB/P 膨胀型阻燃体系中基于硅烷的颗粒-基质耦合

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105039

Paul Roumeliotis , Samuel Schlicht , Rainer Detsch , Qaisar Nawaz , Aldo R. Boccaccini , Dietmar Drummer

Flame retardancy for samples manufactured in laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/P) is one of the major concerns to overcome for the application of the materials in environments with high safety standards. However, the trade-off between flame retardant and mechanical properties remains challenging. In this study, we demonstrate the enhancement of mechanical properties of an intumescent flame retardant (FR) system based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP), Pentaerythritol (PER) and manganese(II)-oxide (MnO) through chemically enhanced filler-matrix adhesion. We introduce the silane-based modifications of organic and inorganic flame retardant additives based on the aminosilane compounds APTES and TMSPED alongside the stable processing of surface-functionalized PA12-FR systems in PBF-LB/P.

Mechanical testing of the samples show an increase of tensile strength by 24 % and elongation at break by 58 %, showing a dependence on the applied energy density and the used aminosilane compound. Corresponding micrographs of fracture surfaces unveil the enhanced adhesion between additives and polymer matrix. Further investigation demonstrate no negative influence of the surface modification on crystallization behaviour, tested via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), or fire properties of the samples. Whilst limiting oxygen index (LOI) results remain unaffected by the aminosilane treatment, corresponding cone calorimeter results show a decline in total heat release (THR) by 10 %, which demonstrates enhanced full-fire burning characteristics.

激光粉末床熔合（PBF-LB/P）样品的阻燃性是该材料在高安全标准环境中应用时需要克服的主要问题之一。然而，阻燃性和机械性能之间的权衡仍然具有挑战性。在这项研究中，我们证明了一种基于聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）和氧化锰（MnO）的膨胀型阻燃剂（FR）体系的机械性能通过化学增强填料-基质的粘附性而增强。我们介绍了基于氨基硅烷化合物APTES和TMSPED的有机和无机阻燃添加剂的硅烷改性，以及PBF-LB/P中表面功能化PA12-FR体系的稳定加工。力学测试表明，试样的抗拉强度提高了24% %，断裂伸长率提高了58% %，这与所施加的能量密度和所使用的氨基硅烷化合物有关。相应的断裂面显微照片揭示了添加剂与聚合物基体之间增强的附着力。进一步的研究表明，通过x射线衍射（XRD）测试，表面改性对结晶行为或样品的燃烧性能没有负面影响。虽然极限氧指数（LOI）结果不受氨基硅烷处理的影响，但相应的锥量热计结果显示总放热（THR）下降了10 %，这表明全火燃烧特性得到了增强。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoprinting of compound eye-inspired NiO/ZnO heterostructure for enhanced UV-sensing performances 复合眼激发NiO/ZnO异质结构的纳米打印增强紫外传感性能

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105043

Kai Li , Xuchen Yang , Fan Du , Jinbang Li , Dazhi Wang , Yang Lu

Bioinspired optical sensor design through biomimetic replication of dragonfly compound eye architectures demonstrates significant potential for developing advanced photodetection systems with enhanced angular resolution, adaptive motion tracking, and superior photon management capabilities. This work introduced a novel laser-integrated electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing pore formation methodology that enables precision fabrication of biomimetic NiO/ZnO heterojunction photodetectors featuring structurally graded porous architectures. This synergistic manufacturing approach achieves remarkable printing resolution spanning ∼80 nm to ∼80 μm, while dynamic laser processing creates hierarchical porosity that mimics natural optical systems. First-principles calculations combined with optoelectronic characterization reveal that the bioengineered heterostructure demonstrates exceptional performance metrics, including a high photocurrent density of 7.524 × 10⁻¹² A with a photocurrent-to-dark current ratio exceeding 50:1 under 600 μW·cm⁻² UV illumination. The device exhibits rapid response dynamics and outstanding cyclic stability. The printing processes and the performance of photoelectric sensors were predictive analyzed using machine learning. This manufacturing breakthrough enables precise spatial modulation of semiconductor band structures and three-dimensional (3D) carrier transport pathways unattainable through conventional fabrication techniques. The demonstrated strategy not only advances biomimetic optoelectronics but also establishes a new paradigm for designing multiscale functional architectures in energy harvesting and adaptive sensing technologies.

仿生复制蜻蜓复眼结构的仿生光学传感器设计，展示了开发具有增强角分辨率、自适应运动跟踪和优越光子管理能力的先进光探测系统的巨大潜力。这项工作介绍了一种新型的激光集成电流体动力射流（E-Jet）打印孔隙形成方法，该方法能够精确制造具有结构梯度多孔结构的仿生NiO/ZnO异质结光电探测器。这种协同制造方法实现了跨越~ 80 nm到~ 80 μm的卓越打印分辨率，而动态激光加工产生了模仿自然光学系统的分层孔隙。第一性原理计算结合光电特性表明，生物工程异质结构表现出优异的性能指标，包括在600 μW·cm−2紫外线照射下，光电流密度高达7.524 × 10−12 a，光电流与暗电流比超过50:1。该装置具有快速的响应动力学和出色的循环稳定性。利用机器学习对光电传感器的打印过程和性能进行了预测分析。这一制造突破使半导体带结构和三维（3D）载流子传输路径的精确空间调制成为可能，这是传统制造技术无法实现的。所展示的策略不仅推进了仿生光电子学，而且为设计能量收集和自适应传感技术中的多尺度功能架构建立了新的范例。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of aluminum evaporation for TiAl using electron optical imaging in an electron beam powder bed fusion system — A feasibility study 电子束粉末床熔合系统中电子光学成像检测TiAl铝蒸发的可行性研究

IF 11.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2025.105034

Timo Berger, Jakob Renner, Benjamin Wahlmann, Carolin Körner

Electron optical (ELO) imaging has emerged as a powerful in-situ monitoring technique for electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB). Until now, ELO imaging has been primarily used to analyze surface topography to detect defects such as porosity, cracks and bulging. However, the intensity of the ELO signal also depends on the composition of the material. In this work, element contrast is demonstrated by eliminating the influence of surface topography using a four-detector ELO system. The effectiveness of element contrast is demonstrated by monitoring alloy composition changes resulting from aluminum evaporation during the melting of squares on a titanium aluminide plate at room temperature. It is shown that the element contrast makes it feasible to extract the material-dependent ELO signal, even for highly bulged surfaces. Based on that, the method enables to detect changes in aluminum content due to evaporation, emphasizing the possible potential of a four-detector ELO system and the element contrast for in-situ aluminum evaporation detection for titanium aluminide alloys in PBF-EB.

电子光学成像（ELO）已成为电子束粉末床熔合（PBF-EB）的一种强有力的原位监测技术。到目前为止，ELO成像主要用于分析表面形貌，以检测气孔、裂缝和胀形等缺陷。然而，ELO信号的强度也取决于材料的组成。在这项工作中，通过使用四探测器ELO系统消除表面形貌的影响来证明元素对比。通过监测在室温下钛铝化板上方形熔化过程中铝蒸发引起的合金成分变化，证明了元素对比的有效性。结果表明，即使对于高度凸起的表面，元素对比也可以提取与材料相关的ELO信号。在此基础上，该方法能够检测由于蒸发引起的铝含量的变化，强调了四探测器ELO系统和元素对比在PBF-EB中铝化物钛合金铝蒸发原位检测中的可能潜力。

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引用次数: 0