National Academy Science Letters最新文献

The objective of this ongoing research is to present a study that investigates the impact of global warming on the pattern of rainfall. The biggest shift is the change in rainfall from consistent, moderate rain throughout the monsoon season to heavy, intermittent rain interspersed with extended dry spells. In recent decades, there has been climate change in India’s monsoon rainfall patterns. The biggest distinction is that the monsoon season no longer features consistent moderate rainfall but rather torrential rainfall interspersed with extended dry intervals. This trend has continued to play out even during this year, which one are aware of. There has been both regional rainfall insufficiency and flooding this season, despite the fact that the average rainfall across India is relatively normal. One need immediate action since these catastrophic conditions are only going to get worse as global warming continues at its current rate. The authors conducted this study in every district and village of Himachal Pradesh because of the devastation that has been caused by global warming.

The red-eared slider turtle, a highly sought-after pet globally, has become one of the most problematic invasive species, originating from the Mississippi River basin in North America. With millions exported worldwide, it has invaded numerous countries, posing threats to native ecosystems due to its aggressive behaviour and competition. Recent observations in India indicate its presence in natural habitats, raising concerns. In February 2024, a live red-eared slider was discovered near the Sunderban Biosphere Reserve, marking the first known instance in an estuarine environment, highlighting its adaptability. While its effects are well-documented in many countries, research on this issue in India is somewhat limited. Native turtle species, particularly those in the Gangetic basin, face threats from various factors, including the growing ornamental pet trade, which worsens the situation due to consumer ignorance. Implementing effective control measures is crucial for maintaining sustainable biodiversity and preventing the spread of red-eared sliders.

The creation of novel materials has grown tremendously, but the main issue is that they are exceedingly challenging to manufacture. So, it is essential to implement certain new machining techniques. Due to its capacity to create detailed, complex forms and to work with hard materials, (EDM) is a nontraditional and widely used machining technique to make machine dies, machine punches, and various press tools.

Copper, brass, and graphite were employed as the three distinct electrode materials in the experiment along with dielectric fluid.L9 orthogonal array has been selected using the taguchi technique, and three levels are taken for each of the variables. The set of tests that were planned in an orthogonal array have been carried out. Experimental results were examined analytically and visuallyThe optimal values of MRR were calculated. Experimental findings revealed that, brass electrodes with greater surface polish had lower current values (18 A) and longer pulse-on periods (65 S) than copper electrodes with the highest MRR (30 A) and pulse-on values (50 S).

This article introduces a novel technology called “AEIN” that has been suggested for the unique identification of individual pigs based on their auricular vein pattern. The aim is to address the limitations of conventional identification methods, which are known for their unreliability, inaccuracy, and susceptibility to manipulation, while also promoting the concept of intelligent livestock management. The ear images of pigs were obtained from a certified farm, processed according to established protocols, and subjected to feature extraction to create templates for subsequent matching within the same class and across different classes using various distance metrics such as Euclidean, Manhattan, Minkowski, and Hamming distances. Specifically, the points of branching in the vein pattern were utilized as features for template creation. By carefully analyzing each distance metric, a threshold level was established, with the average distance set at 20 for Manhattan distance and 40 for Minkowski, Euclidean, and Hamming distances, respectively. If the calculated matching distance falls below the threshold, the pig is successfully identified; otherwise, it is considered a different individual. The Euclidean distance metric demonstrated the highest accuracy in identification among all four metrics in the conducted experiments. A total of 54 pigs were included in the study, revealing that the “AEIN” technology achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 98.18% when employing the Euclidean distance metric.

Environmental sustainability and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions are paramount concerns on a global scale. Incorporating RHA in concrete addresses both environmental issues and agricultural waste disposal, simultaneously reducing CO₂ emissions. Additionally, rapid construction growth has led to excessive RS mining, damaging ecosystems and raising costs, making M-sand a viable alternative. This study evaluates the impact of RHA and VS M-sand as partial replacements for OPC and RS in concrete. RHA content ranged from 0 to 25% and VS M-sand up to 50%. Optimal strength and durability were achieved with 15% RHA and 50% VS M-sand. RHA (0–15%) enhanced strength and sulphate resistance, but performance declined beyond 15% content. SEM analysis revealed a dense CSH gel structure in the 15% RHA and 50% VS M-sand mix. This research underscores the potential of RHA and VS M-sand as sustainable alternatives in concrete production, promoting environmental preservation and resource management.

This article presents a self-supervised approach implementing an unsupervised clustering algorithm to analyze the intrinsic vascular pattern in near-infrared (NIR) light. The framework includes NIR intrinsic vascular image acquisition, pattern detection, ML multiscale filtering, feature extraction, recognition, identification, and matching based on a linear regression model to detect an optional variable worth dependent on a free factor. The approach uses ordinal NIR vein print portrayal, and the self-learning methodology achieved a 97.50% accuracy score for identifying intrinsic vascular patterns in unsupervised learning issues.

This letter looks at the effects of mobility and diversity. The transmitter is mobile in this scenario, while the receivers are diverse. The mobile transmitter will induce a doppler effect on the signal being sent. The receiver antennae will be able to estimate the doppler effects and remove them. It will then leverage the multiple antennae to improve the reception of the signal. Doing both improves the packet detection rate in a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) scenario. When multiple mobile transmitters are used, the packet detection rate in a low SNR environment was poor.