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Magnetically Actuated Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nano‐Robots for Targeted Treatment 用于靶向治疗的磁驱动活性氧清除纳米机器人
Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202200061
Yongzheng Zhao, Hao Xiong, Yanhong Li, Wei Gao, Chen Hua, Jianrong Wu, C. Fan, Xiaojun Cai, Yuanyi Zheng
Magnetic micro/nanorobots (MagRobots) with unparalleled advantages, including remote mobility, high reconfigurability and programmability, lack of fuel requirement, and versatility, can be manipulated under a magnetic field, which has attracted considerable research attention in the biomedicine. Magnetic materials, as the key components of MagRobots, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo to induce tissue/organ damage through Fenton/Fenton‐like reactions, which may hinder the clinical application of MagRobots. Here, the biologically active Prussian blue is generated on the surfaces of MagRobots via an in situ reaction to obtain magnetically actuated ROS‐scavenging nano‐robots (ROSrobots). The generated Prussian blue blocks ROS production and endows the MagRobots with additional functionalities, markedly expanding their potential medical applications. Under the action of a magnetic field, the reconfigurable ROSrobots realize multimode transformation, locomotion, and manipulation in complex environments. Importantly, a simple control method is proposed to achieve movement in 3D geometries to allow the completion of tasks in a complex environment. Furthermore, the osteoarthritis (OA) rat model was employed for proof of concept. Notably, under the guidance of ultrasound imaging, ROSrobots can be accurately injected into the articular cavity to actively target the treatment of OA. This research may further promote the clinical application of MagRobots.
磁性微纳米机器人(MagRobots)具有远程移动性、高可重构性和可编程性、不需要燃料、多功能性等无可比拟的优点,在生物医学领域备受关注。磁性材料作为MagRobots的关键部件,在体内产生活性氧(ROS),通过Fenton/Fenton样反应诱导组织/器官损伤,这可能会阻碍MagRobots的临床应用。在这里,生物活性普鲁士蓝通过原位反应在MagRobots表面产生,以获得磁驱动的ROS清除纳米机器人(ROSrobots)。生成的普鲁士蓝阻断ROS的产生,并赋予MagRobots额外的功能,显著扩大其潜在的医疗应用。可重构ros机器人在磁场作用下,可在复杂环境中实现多模式变换、运动和操作。重要的是,提出了一种简单的控制方法来实现三维几何形状的运动,以便在复杂的环境中完成任务。此外,采用骨关节炎(OA)大鼠模型进行概念验证。值得注意的是,在超声成像的指导下,ROSrobots可以精确地注入关节腔,主动靶向治疗OA。本研究可进一步促进MagRobots的临床应用。
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引用次数: 8
Dark‐Mode Human–Machine Communication Realized by Persistent Luminescence and Deep Learning 基于持续发光和深度学习的暗模式人机通信
Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202200036
Suman Timilsina, Hoonjae Shin, K. Sohn, Ji Sik Kim
Increasing ubiquitous collaborative intelligence between humans and machines requires human–machine communication (HMC) that is more human and less machine‐like to accomplish given tasks. Although speech signals are considered the best modes of communication in HMC, background noise often interferes with these signals. Therefore, research focused on integrating lip‐reading technology into HMC has gained significant attention. However, lip‐reading functions effectively only in well‐lit environments. In contrast, HMC may occur daily in dark environments owing to potential energy shortages, increased exploration in darkness, nighttime emergencies, etc. Herein, a possible method for HMC in the dark mode is presented, which is realized based on deep learning motion patterns of persistent luminescence (PL) of the skin surrounding the lips. An ultrasoft PL–polymer composite patch is used to record the motion pattern of the skin during speech in the dark. It is found that visual geometric group network (VGGNET‐5) and residual neural network (ResNet‐34) could predict spoken words in darkness with test accuracies of 98.5% and 98.75%, respectively. Furthermore, these models could effectively distinguish similar‐sounding words such as “around” and “ground.” Dark‐mode communication can allow a wide range of people, including disabled people with limited dexterity and voice tremors, to communicate with artificial intelligence machines.
越来越多的人与机器之间无处不在的协作智能要求人机通信(HMC)更人性化,更少机器化来完成给定的任务。虽然语音信号被认为是HMC中最好的通信方式,但背景噪声经常干扰这些信号。因此,将唇读技术融入HMC的研究得到了广泛的关注。然而,唇读只有在光线充足的环境下才能有效发挥作用。相比之下,HMC可能每天都在黑暗环境中发生,因为潜在的能源短缺、在黑暗中探险的增加、夜间突发事件等。在此基础上,提出了一种基于深度学习唇周皮肤持续发光(PL)运动模式的暗模式下HMC的实现方法。一个超软的pl -聚合物复合贴片被用来记录在黑暗中说话时皮肤的运动模式。研究发现,视觉几何群网络(VGGNET‐5)和残差神经网络(ResNet‐34)在黑暗环境下预测言语的准确率分别为98.5%和98.75%。此外,这些模型可以有效地区分发音相似的单词,如“around”和“ground”。暗模式通信可以让很多人与人工智能机器进行交流,包括手脚不灵活和声音颤抖的残疾人。
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引用次数: 2
Multioperation Mode Ferroelectric Channel Devices for Memory and Computation 用于存储和计算的多操作模式铁电通道器件
Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202100198
Yibo Sun, Shuiyuan Wang, Xiaozhang Chen, Zhenhan Zhang, Peng Zhou
The traditional von Neumann architecture separates memory from the central processing unit (CPU), resulting in aggravated data transfer bottlenecks between the CPU and memory during a data volume surge. Emerging technologies, such as in‐memory computing (IMC), provide a new way to overcome the limitations due to the separation of memory and computation. However, existing IMC efforts are generally limited to a single (gate‐control or drain‐control) mode of operation to achieve functionality. Herein, a 2D ferroelectric channel device that enables the feasibility of multioperation modes is proposed. In addition, rich functionalities, such as logic, nonvolatile memory, and neuromimetic plasticity modulation, by switching the operating modes are realized. A device that facilitates multimodal operations and a promising technical solution for further development of burgeoning computing architecture is provided.
传统的冯·诺伊曼架构将内存与中央处理器(CPU)分开,导致在数据量激增时CPU和内存之间的数据传输瓶颈加剧。新兴技术,如内存计算(IMC),为克服内存和计算分离所带来的限制提供了一种新的方法。然而,现有的IMC工作通常局限于单一(门控或漏控)操作模式来实现功能。本文提出了一种能够实现多工作模式的二维铁电通道器件。此外,通过切换操作模式实现了丰富的功能,如逻辑、非易失性存储器和模拟神经可塑性调制。提供了一种促进多模式操作的设备,并为新兴计算体系结构的进一步发展提供了一种有前途的技术解决方案。
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引用次数: 2
Programmable Light‐Driven Liquid Crystal Elastomer Kirigami with Controlled Molecular Orientations 控制分子取向的可编程光驱动液晶弹性体Kirigami
Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202100233
Juan Chen, Andrew Scott Johnson, Jada Weber, Oluwafemi Isaac Akomolafe, Jinghua Jiang, C. Peng
Programmable soft materials have shown applications in artificial muscles, soft robotics, flexible electronics, and biomedicines due to their adaptive structural transformations. As an ordered soft material, directional shape changes of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) can be easily achieved via external stimuli thanks to its anisotropic elasticity. However, harnessing the interplay between molecular ordering, geometry, and shape morphing in this anisotropic material to create programmable and complex shape changes remains a challenge. Here, by integrating the concepts of kirigami or Chinese paper cutting “JianZhi” in the light‐actuated LCE encoded with controlled molecular orientations, various complex 3D shape morphing behaviors are demonstrated. Versatile combinations of fundamental shape changes such as bending, folding, twisting, and rolling are enabled by fine‐tuning the molecular orientations and geometries in the monolithic LCE kirigami. Furthermore, various functions such as fluttering of the Chinese crane bird “QianZhiHe,” arbitrary directional locomotion in the annulus and linear locomotion in the complex Chinese character are also realized. These complex, fast‐response, untethered, remote, reversible, and programmable shape morphologies actuated in a monolith of LCE kirigami will open opportunities in soft robotics and smart materials.
可编程软材料由于其自适应结构转换,在人造肌肉、软机器人、柔性电子和生物医学等领域都有应用。液晶弹性体(lcd elastomer, LCE)是一种有序的软质材料,由于其各向异性的弹性特性,可以很容易地在外界刺激下实现定向形状变化。然而,在这种各向异性材料中利用分子有序、几何形状和形状变形之间的相互作用来创建可编程和复杂的形状变化仍然是一个挑战。在这里,通过将中国剪纸“剑枝”的概念整合到具有控制分子取向的光驱动LCE编码中,展示了各种复杂的3D形状变形行为。通过微调单片LCE kirigami中的分子取向和几何形状,可以实现弯曲、折叠、扭曲和滚动等基本形状变化的多种组合。此外,还实现了鹤“千之鹤”的振翅、在环内的任意方向运动、复杂汉字的线性运动等多种功能。这些复杂、快速响应、不受束缚、远程、可逆和可编程的形状形态在LCE kirigami的整体中被驱动,将为软机器人和智能材料带来机遇。
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引用次数: 7
Magnetic Mobile Microrobots for Upstream and Downstream Navigation in Biofluids with Variable Flow Rate 用于可变流量生物流体上下游导航的磁性移动微型机器人
Pub Date : 2022-03-06 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202100266
Zehao Wu, Yuting Zhang, Nana Ai, Haoran Chen, Wei Ge, Qingsong Xu
Magnetic mobile microrobots navigating biofluids with both upstream and downstream locomotion provide a promising solution to targeted drug delivery for precision medicine. However, the biofluid environment in blood vessels is complicated due to variations in flow rate and direction. It is still unknown how to make magnetic microrobots resist the variable flow rate in biofluids with both upstream and downstream locomotion. Herein, magnetic microrobots with various shapes and sizes have been controlled to navigate diverse biofluids under different flow rates and directions. Simulation and experimental studies have been conducted to analyze the influences of microrobot size and shape on translational velocity in confined microchannels filled with biofluids. A strategy is proposed to choose the optimized parameters of rotating magnetic field actuation for precise delivery of microrobots in a microfluidic chip, which contains a complex biofluid environment with variable flow rate and direction. The results are validated using various microrobots navigating the microfluidic chip and the yolks of zebrafish larvae in vivo. This work provides a guideline for selecting desirable microrobot dimensions and magnetic field actuation parameters for controllable navigation of magnetic mobile microrobots in complex biofluid flows.
磁性移动微型机器人在生物流体中进行上游和下游运动,为精准医疗的靶向药物递送提供了一个有前途的解决方案。然而,由于血流速率和方向的变化,血管内的生物流体环境是复杂的。如何使磁性微型机器人能够抵抗生物流体中上下游运动的可变流速,目前尚不清楚。在此,磁性微机器人具有不同的形状和大小,已被控制以不同的流速和方向在不同的生物流体中航行。通过仿真和实验研究,分析了微机器人尺寸和形状对充满生物流体的密闭微通道中移动速度的影响。针对微流控芯片中具有可变流速和方向的复杂生物流体环境,提出了一种选择旋转磁场驱动参数的策略,以实现微机器人在微流控芯片中的精确递送。利用各种微型机器人导航微流控芯片和斑马鱼幼虫的蛋黄在体内验证了结果。该研究为在复杂生物流体流动中选择合适的微机器人尺寸和磁场驱动参数,实现磁性移动微机器人的可控导航提供了指导。
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引用次数: 19
An Individually Controlled Multitined Expandable Electrode Using Active Cannula‐Based Shape Morphing for On‐Demand Conformal Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions 一种单独控制的多层可扩展电极,使用基于主动套管的形状变形,用于按需共形射频消融病变
Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202100262
Zhiping Chai, L. Lyu, Menghao Pu, Xianwen Chen, Jiaqi Zhu, Huageng Liang, Han Ding, Zhigang Wu
Being minimally invasive and highly effective, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used for small‐sized malignant tumor treatment. However, in clinical practice, a large number of tumors are found in irregular shape, while the current RFA devices are hard to control the morphologic appearance of RFA lesions on demand, which usually ends up with unnecessarily excessive tissue ablation and subsequently often brings irreversible damage to the organs’ functions. Herein, active cannulas for each of the individually controlled subelectrodes to achieve an on‐demand shape morphing and thus conformal RFA lesion are introduced. The target shape as well as the length of inserted subelectrodes can be precisely controlled by tuning the active stylets and cannulas. What's more, owing to independent movement and energy control of each subelectrodes, the electrode is shown to be not only efficient enough to accomplish accurate trajectory control to target tissue in a single insertion, but also adaptive enough to ablate target tissues with diverse morphologic appearances and locations. On‐demand conformal ablation of target tissue is demonstrated as well under the guidance of ultrasound imaging with the device. Potentially, the RFA electrode is a promising minimally invasive treatment of malignant tumors in future clinical practice. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found at: https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.164019293.38729522.
射频消融术(RFA)具有微创和高效的特点,被广泛应用于小型恶性肿瘤的治疗。然而,在临床实践中,大量肿瘤呈不规则形状,而目前的RFA设备难以按需控制RFA病变的形态外观,往往导致不必要的过度组织消融,并对器官功能带来不可逆的损害。本文介绍了用于每个单独控制的亚电极的主动套管,以实现按需形状变形,从而实现适形RFA病变。目标的形状以及插入的亚电极的长度可以通过调整活动针和套管来精确控制。此外,由于每个亚电极的独立运动和能量控制,电极不仅具有足够的效率,可以在一次插入中实现对目标组织的精确轨迹控制,而且具有足够的适应性,可以消融具有不同形态外观和位置的目标组织。在该设备的超声成像指导下,也演示了对目标组织的按需适形消融。在未来的临床实践中,RFA电极是一种很有前途的恶性肿瘤微创治疗方法。文章的交互式预印本可在https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.164019293.38729522上找到。
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引用次数: 2
Dimensions of Smart Additive Manufacturing 智能增材制造的维度
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202100240
Keith A. Brown, Grace X. Gu
Additive manufacturing (AM) has matured in parallel with advances in computation. This is not a coincidence as taking advantage of the structural freedom afforded by AM requires detailed calculations and an ability to design and process complex structures in three dimensions. However, the ability to program AM systems is not the only way in which computation, and more recently machine learning, have impacted AM as a field. In fact, recent years have seen a number of innovations in AM that have endowed the process with varying degrees of ‘intelligence’ in distinct ways. While many of these are connected, several of these approaches to smart AM are wholly distinct in that they advance different aspects of the state-of-the-art. Our goal in this editorial is to highlight three such dimensions of intelligence in AM and connect them to articles in this special issue of Advanced Intelligent Systems that discuss innovations along these dimensions. These dimensions include advances in the materials and structures produced by AM to make them smarter or more functional, advances in processing to produce better and more reliable products, and advances in using AM as an ecosystem that is more agile and capable than traditional manufacturing (Figure 1).
增材制造(AM)随着计算技术的进步而成熟。这并非巧合,因为利用增材制造提供的结构自由度需要详细的计算以及在三维空间中设计和加工复杂结构的能力。然而,对AM系统进行编程的能力并不是计算和最近的机器学习对AM领域产生影响的唯一方式。事实上,近年来在AM领域出现了许多创新,这些创新以不同的方式赋予了该过程不同程度的“智能”。虽然其中许多是相互关联的,但智能AM的一些方法是完全不同的,因为它们推进了最先进技术的不同方面。我们这篇社论的目标是强调增材制造中智能的三个维度,并将它们与本期《高级智能系统》特刊中讨论这些维度创新的文章联系起来。这些方面包括增材制造生产的材料和结构的进步,使其更智能或更功能,加工的进步,以生产更好、更可靠的产品,以及使用增材制造作为一个比传统制造更灵活、更有能力的生态系统的进步(图1)。
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引用次数: 2
Strengthening the Sustainability of Additive Manufacturing through Data‐Driven Approaches and Workforce Development 通过数据驱动方法和劳动力发展加强增材制造的可持续性
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202100069
Tianjiao Li, J. Yeo
The additive manufacturing (AM) industry is rapidly developing and expanding, thereby becoming an important and integral component of the digital revolution in manufacturing practices. While the engineering aspects of AM are under intensive research, there still remain many chances to strengthen the sustainability of additive manufacturing (SAM). Cogently increasing the AM community's attention to SAM is vital for developing the AM industry sustainably from the bottom up. The digital nature of AM provides new opportunities for acquiring, storing, and utilizing data to strengthen SAM through data‐driven approaches. Herein, spotlight on SAM is shone upon and it is placed on a more concrete footing. The corresponding advances in data‐driven methods that can strengthen SAM are featured, such as optimizing designs for AM, reducing material waste, and developing databases. How the AM workforce can be developed and grown as a collaboration between the industry, government, and academia to extensively harness the full potential of AM as well as mitigate its adversarial social impact is discussed. Finally, several critical digital techniques that have the potential to further strengthen SAM in the factory of the future, including hybrid manufacturing, Internet of Things, and machine learning and artificial intelligence, are highlighted.
增材制造(AM)行业正在迅速发展和扩大,从而成为制造实践中数字革命的重要组成部分。虽然增材制造的工程方面正在深入研究,但仍有许多机会加强增材制造(SAM)的可持续性。切实提高AM社区对SAM的关注对于AM行业自下而上的可持续发展至关重要。AM的数字特性为获取、存储和利用数据提供了新的机会,通过数据驱动的方法来加强SAM。在这里,对地对空导弹的关注被放在了一个更具体的基础上。数据驱动方法的相应进展可以加强SAM,如优化AM设计,减少材料浪费和开发数据库。讨论了如何通过行业、政府和学术界之间的合作,开发和发展增材制造劳动力,以广泛利用增材制造的全部潜力,并减轻其对社会的不利影响。最后,重点介绍了几种有可能进一步加强未来工厂SAM的关键数字技术,包括混合制造、物联网、机器学习和人工智能。
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引用次数: 7
Extrapolative Bayesian Optimization with Gaussian Process and Neural Network Ensemble Surrogate Models 高斯过程和神经网络集成代理模型的外推贝叶斯优化
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202170077
Y. Lim, Chee Koon Ng, U. S. Vaitesswar, K. Hippalgaonkar
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引用次数: 0
In Situ Nondestructive Fatigue‐Life Prediction of Additive Manufactured Parts by Establishing a Process–Defect–Property Relationship 建立工艺-缺陷-性能关系的增材制造零件原位无损疲劳寿命预测
Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000268
Seyyed Hadi Seifi, A. Yadollahi, Wenmeng Tian, H. Doude, V. H. Hammond, L. Bian
The presence of process‐induced internal defects (i.e., pores, microcracks, and lack‐of‐fusions) significantly deteriorates the structural durability of parts fabricated by additive manufacturing. However, traditional defects characterization techniques, such as X‐ray CT and ultrasonic scanning, are costly and time‐consuming. There is a research gap in the nondestructive evaluation of fatigue performance directly from the process signature of laser‐based additive manufacturing processes. Herein, a novel two‐phase modeling methodology is proposed for fatigue life prediction based on in situ monitoring of thermal history. Phase (I) includes a convolutional neural network designed to detect the relative size of the defects (i.e., small gas pores and large lack‐of‐fusions) by leveraging processed thermal images. Subsequently, a fatigue‐life prediction model is trained in Phase (II) by incorporating the defect characteristics extracted from Phase (I) to evaluate the fatigue performance. Estimating defect characteristics from the in situ thermal history facilitates the fatigue predicting process.
过程引起的内部缺陷(即孔隙、微裂纹和缺乏熔合)的存在会显著降低增材制造制造的部件的结构耐久性。然而,传统的缺陷表征技术,如X射线CT和超声波扫描,既昂贵又耗时。直接从激光增材制造工艺特征对疲劳性能进行无损评价的研究还存在空白。本文提出了一种新的基于热历史现场监测的疲劳寿命预测的两相建模方法。阶段(I)包括一个卷积神经网络,旨在通过利用处理过的热图像来检测缺陷的相对大小(即小气孔和大缺乏熔合物)。随后,在阶段(II)中,通过结合从阶段(I)中提取的缺陷特征来训练疲劳寿命预测模型,以评估疲劳性能。从原位热历史中估计缺陷特征有助于疲劳预测过程。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Advanced Intelligent Systems
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