Conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for flexible electronics owing to their exceptional flexibility, resistance to deformation, and high conductivity. However, there is a critical need to develop hydrogels that can withstand extremely low temperatures while exhibiting good mechanical properties. In this study, carboxyl‐modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gel matrix, dimethylsulfoxide and water as a mixed solvent solution, and graphene oxide (GO) assembled polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires are used to prepare a new type of antifreeze conductive organohydrogel (PGOPPy). The PGOPPy organohydrogel demonstrates outstanding antifreeze properties, retaining its flexibility at temperatures as low as −75 °C. It exhibits a fracture strength of 0.80 MPa and an elongation at break of 436% at room temperature. Remarkably, after being stored at room temperature for 15 days, the diameter of the PGOPPy organohydrogel changes only by 4%. Moreover, PGOPPy shows high electrical conductivity, up to 1.07 S m−1, and exhibits variable conductivity in response to mechanical deformation, with a stable response over cyclic deformations, allowing its use as a sensor to monitor body movements. Results demonstrate that the developed material is very promising as an effective sensor technology for use in extremely cold environments. Moreover, this work provides a general method for preparing antifreeze organhydrogels using water and dimethylsulfoxide as mixed solvents.
导电水凝胶具有优异的柔韧性、抗变形性和高导电性，因此在柔性电子器件方面具有巨大的潜力。然而，目前亟需开发既能承受极低温度，又能表现出良好机械性能的水凝胶。本研究以羧基改性聚乙烯醇（PVA）为凝胶基质，以二甲基亚砜和水为混合溶剂溶液，采用氧化石墨烯（GO）组装聚吡咯（PPy）纳米线制备了一种新型防冻导电有机水凝胶（PGOPPy）。PGOPPy 有机水凝胶具有出色的防冻性能，在低至 -75 °C 的温度下仍能保持柔韧性。它在室温下的断裂强度为 0.80 兆帕，断裂伸长率为 436%。值得注意的是，在室温下存放 15 天后，PGOPPy 有机水凝胶的直径变化仅为 4%。此外，PGOPPy 还具有很高的导电性（高达 1.07 S m-1），并且在机械变形时具有可变的导电性，在循环变形时具有稳定的响应，因此可用作监测身体运动的传感器。研究结果表明，所开发的材料作为一种有效的传感器技术，在极寒环境中的应用前景非常广阔。此外，这项研究还提供了一种使用水和二甲基亚砜作为混合溶剂制备防冻有机水凝胶的通用方法。
{"title":"Antifreeze Polyvinyl Alcohol Organohydrogel Sensors Containing Polypyrrole Nanowires Self‐Assembled onto Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets with High Electrical Conductivity and Improved Mechanical Properties","authors":"Pengcheng Yang, Junwei Bai, Federico Olivieri, Chiara Santillo, Rachele Castaldo, Gennaro Gentile, Junhua Zhang, Marino Lavorgna, Giovanna G. Buonocore","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400970","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for flexible electronics owing to their exceptional flexibility, resistance to deformation, and high conductivity. However, there is a critical need to develop hydrogels that can withstand extremely low temperatures while exhibiting good mechanical properties. In this study, carboxyl‐modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gel matrix, dimethylsulfoxide and water as a mixed solvent solution, and graphene oxide (GO) assembled polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires are used to prepare a new type of antifreeze conductive organohydrogel (PGOPPy). The PGOPPy organohydrogel demonstrates outstanding antifreeze properties, retaining its flexibility at temperatures as low as −75 °C. It exhibits a fracture strength of 0.80 MPa and an elongation at break of 436% at room temperature. Remarkably, after being stored at room temperature for 15 days, the diameter of the PGOPPy organohydrogel changes only by 4%. Moreover, PGOPPy shows high electrical conductivity, up to 1.07 S m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, and exhibits variable conductivity in response to mechanical deformation, with a stable response over cyclic deformations, allowing its use as a sensor to monitor body movements. Results demonstrate that the developed material is very promising as an effective sensor technology for use in extremely cold environments. Moreover, this work provides a general method for preparing antifreeze organhydrogels using water and dimethylsulfoxide as mixed solvents.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingxi Huang, Rongzhi Zhao, Lianze Ji, Jiachang Ruan, Xuefeng Zhang
Although the conversion of propagating waves into surface waves is anticipated to introduce a novel degree of freedom for radar stealth materials, the manipulation of wavelength and traveling direction of surface waves at small phase gradients remains unclear. Here the aforementioned conversion is demonstrated utilizing a metamaterial composed of carbonyl iron powders, where the momentum mismatch is compensated by the material and the phase gradient index of the aligned meta−atoms. Surface waves are generated in the direction of the phase gradient within a phase span of 180°. The metamaterials with 5−level metastructure (5x:1x) generate surface waves with two wavelengths, and get the ξ/k0 value (ratio of the phase gradient index to the wave vectors of propagating wave) of 7.5 and 4.32, respectively. Furthermore, the dual phase gradient metastructure possesses the capability to alter the trajectory of the leaky microwave, converting it into a waveform resembling that of a vortex, while simultaneously preserving the integrity of surface waves. The sample achieves an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.67–7.96 and 20.19–21.10 GHz with an optimal absorption peak of −40.77 dB at 6.87 GHz. Present study develops a novel mechanism to improve the radar stealth properties of microwave absorption materials.
{"title":"Anti−Reflection Metamaterials with Phase Gradient Index Generate Surface Waves for Radar Stealth in the Microwave Regime","authors":"Lingxi Huang, Rongzhi Zhao, Lianze Ji, Jiachang Ruan, Xuefeng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400276","url":null,"abstract":"Although the conversion of propagating waves into surface waves is anticipated to introduce a novel degree of freedom for radar stealth materials, the manipulation of wavelength and traveling direction of surface waves at small phase gradients remains unclear. Here the aforementioned conversion is demonstrated utilizing a metamaterial composed of carbonyl iron powders, where the momentum mismatch is compensated by the material and the phase gradient index of the aligned meta−atoms. Surface waves are generated in the direction of the phase gradient within a phase span of 180°. The metamaterials with 5−level metastructure (5x:1x) generate surface waves with two wavelengths, and get the <jats:italic>ξ/k<jats:sub>0</jats:sub></jats:italic> value (ratio of the phase gradient index to the wave vectors of propagating wave) of 7.5 and 4.32, respectively. Furthermore, the dual phase gradient metastructure possesses the capability to alter the trajectory of the leaky microwave, converting it into a waveform resembling that of a vortex, while simultaneously preserving the integrity of surface waves. The sample achieves an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.67–7.96 and 20.19–21.10 GHz with an optimal absorption peak of −40.77 dB at 6.87 GHz. Present study develops a novel mechanism to improve the radar stealth properties of microwave absorption materials.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) is widely used in flexible electronics, optics, and green synthesis due to its excellent conductivity, flexibility, and self‐healing capabilities. However, LM's inherent fluidity and high surface tension greatly limit their practical applications. Therefore, there is a strong demand for developing LM composites that are easy to control and exhibit outstanding performance when used flexibly. In this work, the LM hydrothermal rheological modification method is proposed to synthesize Ga‐coated carbon microparticles, and the highly miscible rheological modification of LM is realized by mixing LM and Ga‐coated carbon microparticles. Including carbon microparticles in the LM improves the mechanical strength of the composite, thereby overcoming the limitation of the LM that has a low mechanical strength. By controlling the volume fraction of carbon microparticles in LM, electrical conductivity is increased by 30% and thermal conductivity by more than 2.0 times that of pure LM. In addition, the fundamental interfacial wetting behavior is demonstrated at the interface of LM and Ga2O3, and the rheological modification mechanism of LM is explained by carbon particles. This work presents a novel method for preparing high‐performance polymer materials and discusses their broad potential applications in thermal interface materials, wireless energy transfer, and flexible electronics.
{"title":"Liquid Metal Hydrothermal Rheological Modification Method for High Performance Gallium‐Coated Carbon Microparticle Composites","authors":"Xiao‐Ping Zhou, Zheng Luo, Dong‐Xu Yang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400737","url":null,"abstract":"Gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) is widely used in flexible electronics, optics, and green synthesis due to its excellent conductivity, flexibility, and self‐healing capabilities. However, LM's inherent fluidity and high surface tension greatly limit their practical applications. Therefore, there is a strong demand for developing LM composites that are easy to control and exhibit outstanding performance when used flexibly. In this work, the LM hydrothermal rheological modification method is proposed to synthesize Ga‐coated carbon microparticles, and the highly miscible rheological modification of LM is realized by mixing LM and Ga‐coated carbon microparticles. Including carbon microparticles in the LM improves the mechanical strength of the composite, thereby overcoming the limitation of the LM that has a low mechanical strength. By controlling the volume fraction of carbon microparticles in LM, electrical conductivity is increased by 30% and thermal conductivity by more than 2.0 times that of pure LM. In addition, the fundamental interfacial wetting behavior is demonstrated at the interface of LM and Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3,</jats:sub> and the rheological modification mechanism of LM is explained by carbon particles. This work presents a novel method for preparing high‐performance polymer materials and discusses their broad potential applications in thermal interface materials, wireless energy transfer, and flexible electronics.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina del Real Mata, Sripadh Guptha Yedire, Mahsa Jalali, Roozbeh Siavash Moakhar, Tamer AbdElFatah, Jashandeep Kaur, Ziwei He, Sara Mahshid
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an essential molecule to various physiological processes and is commonly used for the detection and monitoring of glucose and cell viability. Furthermore, it is identified as a signal of oncogenic growth due to its widespread presence within the cancer cell environment. However, the low concentrations of H2O2 released by cancer cells' metabolism challenge current detection methods' capabilities and their practicality for translation to clinical applications. Colorimetric assays with simple readouts are a promising solution, provided that their sensitivity and rapidity in detecting H2O2 improve. Here, a plasmonic enhanced nanopatterned platform is proposed coupled with an Amplex Red assay to monitor the color change of H2O2 released from cancer cells. The nanopatterned platform embedded into a multiplexed microfluidic device enhances the kinetics of the reaction ≈7 times. This approach has reached a limit of detection of 1 pm when tested in breast (MCF‐7) and prostate (PC‐3) cancer media. The collected color images are processed and analyzed by a machine learning algorithm that categorizes them into “high” or “low‐to‐no” concentrations of H2O2 with 91% accuracy. This study is a step toward developing a device for highly sensitive H2O2 detection that is easily adaptable, user‐friendly, portable, and automated.
{"title":"AI‐Assisted Plasmonic Enhanced Colorimetric Fluidic Device for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection from Cancer Cells","authors":"Carolina del Real Mata, Sripadh Guptha Yedire, Mahsa Jalali, Roozbeh Siavash Moakhar, Tamer AbdElFatah, Jashandeep Kaur, Ziwei He, Sara Mahshid","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400633","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is an essential molecule to various physiological processes and is commonly used for the detection and monitoring of glucose and cell viability. Furthermore, it is identified as a signal of oncogenic growth due to its widespread presence within the cancer cell environment. However, the low concentrations of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2 </jats:sub>released by cancer cells' metabolism challenge current detection methods' capabilities and their practicality for translation to clinical applications. Colorimetric assays with simple readouts are a promising solution, provided that their sensitivity and rapidity in detecting H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> improve. Here, a plasmonic enhanced nanopatterned platform is proposed coupled with an Amplex Red assay to monitor the color change of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> released from cancer cells. The nanopatterned platform embedded into a multiplexed microfluidic device enhances the kinetics of the reaction ≈7 times. This approach has reached a limit of detection of 1 p<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> when tested in breast (MCF‐7) and prostate (PC‐3) cancer media. The collected color images are processed and analyzed by a machine learning algorithm that categorizes them into “high” or “low‐to‐no” concentrations of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2 </jats:sub>with 91% accuracy. This study is a step toward developing a device for highly sensitive H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2 </jats:sub>detection that is easily adaptable, user‐friendly, portable, and automated.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceramic-on-ceramic joints are notorious for their inherent brittleness, posing challenges for high-performance applications. To address this, a novel approach is proposed to enhance the involvement of filler metals during fracture. This study investigates the controlled initiation and propagation of cracks in Al2O3–Al2O3 joints through a strategic combination of laser pre-cracking, laser patterning, and laser active brazing techniques. By introducing pre-cracking and African daisy-like patterning, crack propagation dynamics are altered, with cracks initially confined within pre-crack regions before navigating through pattern intrusions. Additionally, laser active brazing effectively managed titanium diffusion, optimizing interface strength control. Evaluation via SEVNB tests demonstrated a significant enhancement in fracture toughness, achieving maximal 25.6 ± 4.6 MPa·m0.5 compared to ≈3–5 MPa·m0.5 for alumina ribbons. This integrated approach offers precise control over fracture paths, thereby augmenting the performance of ceramic-on-ceramic joints, and holds promise for advancing their applications in demanding environments.
{"title":"Toughening Ceramic Joints through Strategic Fracture Path Control","authors":"Jian Feng, Marion Herrmann, Antonio Hurtado","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400535","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic-on-ceramic joints are notorious for their inherent brittleness, posing challenges for high-performance applications. To address this, a novel approach is proposed to enhance the involvement of filler metals during fracture. This study investigates the controlled initiation and propagation of cracks in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> joints through a strategic combination of laser pre-cracking, laser patterning, and laser active brazing techniques. By introducing pre-cracking and African daisy-like patterning, crack propagation dynamics are altered, with cracks initially confined within pre-crack regions before navigating through pattern intrusions. Additionally, laser active brazing effectively managed titanium diffusion, optimizing interface strength control. Evaluation via SEVNB tests demonstrated a significant enhancement in fracture toughness, achieving maximal 25.6 ± 4.6 MPa·m<sup>0.5</sup> compared to ≈3–5 MPa·m<sup>0.5</sup> for alumina ribbons. This integrated approach offers precise control over fracture paths, thereby augmenting the performance of ceramic-on-ceramic joints, and holds promise for advancing their applications in demanding environments.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
4H‐SiC is a key enabler for realizing integrated electronics operating in harsh environments, which exhibit very high temperatures. Through advances in 4H‐SiC process technology, different sensor and circuit types have been demonstrated to operate stable at temperatures as high as 800 °C, paving the way toward harsh‐environment immune smart sensors. In this work, for the first time the operation of ion‐implanted 4H‐SiC Hall sensors realized in a wafer scale Bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS technology is demonstrated at a wide operation temperature range spanning room temperature up to 500 °C in addition to short‐term operation up to 600 °C. The temperature‐dependent sensor characteristics of 15–22 samples are evaluated in terms of sensitivity and noise. The small inter‐device variations reflect the stability of the used process for very high temperature Hall sensors. The noise‐limited detectivity is further evaluated, revealing a best value of 950 nT/ and a mean detectivity of 1 µT/ at 500 °C. This is the best value reported up to date for very high temperature Hall sensors, besides being the first demonstration of ion‐implanted wide‐bandgap Hall sensors. Overall, the results reflect the potential of the demonstrated Hall sensors for the next generation of integrated magnetic field sensors in harsh environments.
{"title":"Very High Temperature Hall Sensors in a Wafer‐Scale 4H‐SiC Technology","authors":"Hesham Okeil, Tobias Erlbacher, Gerhard Wachutka","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400046","url":null,"abstract":"4H‐SiC is a key enabler for realizing integrated electronics operating in harsh environments, which exhibit very high temperatures. Through advances in 4H‐SiC process technology, different sensor and circuit types have been demonstrated to operate stable at temperatures as high as 800 °C, paving the way toward harsh‐environment immune smart sensors. In this work, for the first time the operation of ion‐implanted 4H‐SiC Hall sensors realized in a wafer scale Bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS technology is demonstrated at a wide operation temperature range spanning room temperature up to 500 °C in addition to short‐term operation up to 600 °C. The temperature‐dependent sensor characteristics of 15–22 samples are evaluated in terms of sensitivity and noise. The small inter‐device variations reflect the stability of the used process for very high temperature Hall sensors. The noise‐limited detectivity is further evaluated, revealing a best value of 950 nT/ and a mean detectivity of 1 µT/ at 500 °C. This is the best value reported up to date for very high temperature Hall sensors, besides being the first demonstration of ion‐implanted wide‐bandgap Hall sensors. Overall, the results reflect the potential of the demonstrated Hall sensors for the next generation of integrated magnetic field sensors in harsh environments.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted tremendous interest as one of the early cancer diagnostic markers. The major obstacle preventing EV‐based liquid biopsy is the efficient collection of EVs from the complex body fluid environment. This paper introduces a nanorod‐integrated microfluidic chip capable of immunoaffinity‐isolating EVs. Periodic silicon nanorod arrays in zigzag channels are prepared by nanosphere lithography. Nanorod sidewalls provide larger binding sites for antibodies, and their close interspacing to the EV sizes improves the binding probability. The fluid simulation results show that the significant increase in isolation efficiency also comes from the liquid perturbation enhanced by the particular nanorod arrangement. Under optimal operating conditions, plasma samples from patients (n = 14) with different types of cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma) to the chip for EV isolation is applied. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the expression level of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in isolated EVs is then quantified using droplet digital PCR, showing good diagnostic performance in cancer detection.
肿瘤衍生的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 作为早期癌症诊断标志物之一，引起了人们的极大兴趣。阻碍基于 EV 的液体活检的主要障碍是如何从复杂的体液环境中有效收集 EV。本文介绍了一种能够免疫亲和性分离 EVs 的纳米棒集成微流控芯片。该芯片采用纳米光刻技术制备了人字形通道中的周期性硅纳米棒阵列。纳米棒侧壁为抗体提供了更大的结合位点，其与 EV 大小的紧密间隔提高了结合概率。流体模拟结果表明，隔离效率的显著提高还来自于特定纳米棒排列所增强的液体扰动。在最佳操作条件下，将来自不同类型癌症（肝细胞癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌）患者（n = 14）的血浆样本应用到芯片上进行 EV 分离。在这项概念验证研究中，利用液滴数字 PCR 对分离出的 EV 中表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 的表达水平进行了量化，结果表明该芯片在癌症检测方面具有良好的诊断性能。
{"title":"Si Nanorod Array Integrated Microfluidic Device for Enhanced Extracellular Vesicle Isolation","authors":"Hanyue Kang, Cheng Li, Wenfei Liu, Tongqing Yang, Liang Ma, Na Sun, Xiaobin Xu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400294","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted tremendous interest as one of the early cancer diagnostic markers. The major obstacle preventing EV‐based liquid biopsy is the efficient collection of EVs from the complex body fluid environment. This paper introduces a nanorod‐integrated microfluidic chip capable of immunoaffinity‐isolating EVs. Periodic silicon nanorod arrays in zigzag channels are prepared by nanosphere lithography. Nanorod sidewalls provide larger binding sites for antibodies, and their close interspacing to the EV sizes improves the binding probability. The fluid simulation results show that the significant increase in isolation efficiency also comes from the liquid perturbation enhanced by the particular nanorod arrangement. Under optimal operating conditions, plasma samples from patients (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 14) with different types of cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma) to the chip for EV isolation is applied. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the expression level of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in isolated EVs is then quantified using droplet digital PCR, showing good diagnostic performance in cancer detection.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Navid Sharif, Teymoor Ghanbari, Zahra Hosseini, Kourosh Shahbazi, Abbas Mehraban
High‐level voltage and extremely low current are the main characteristics of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs). Despite TENGs, their Integrated Energy Storage (IES) units like supercapacitors and battery units require low‐level voltage and a high amount of current for self‐charging power applications. Using proper materials with higher triboelectric charge density is the most common approach to enhance the output current of TENGs. However, this approach alone does not satisfy the requirement of the integrated energy storage units, in which a relatively low voltage along with a sufficiently high current is needed. Consequently, alternative approaches such as employing a power management circuitry have been proposed. This paper introduces a technique based on the texture of multiple TENGs with identical small surface areas to adapt the TENGs to their IESs, specifically tailored for wearable electronics. Some experiments are conducted to evaluate the merits and limitations of the proposed approach. The experimental and analytical results are thoroughly analyzed to show the capabilities and restrictions of the method.
高电平电压和极低电流是三电纳米发电机（TENGs）的主要特点。尽管采用了三电纳米发电机，但其集成储能（IES）单元（如超级电容器和电池单元）需要低电平电压和大电流才能实现自充电。使用具有较高三电荷密度的适当材料是提高 TENG 输出电流的最常见方法。然而，仅靠这种方法并不能满足集成储能装置的要求，因为集成储能装置需要相对较低的电压和足够大的电流。因此，人们提出了采用电源管理电路等替代方法。本文介绍了一种基于具有相同小表面积的多个 TENG 纹理的技术，使 TENG 与其 IES 相适应，特别适合可穿戴电子设备。本文进行了一些实验，以评估所提出方法的优点和局限性。对实验和分析结果进行了深入分析，以显示该方法的能力和局限性。
{"title":"Adaptation of Triboelectric Nanogenerators to the Integrated Energy Storages by a Textured Multi‐Segment Structure","authors":"Navid Sharif, Teymoor Ghanbari, Zahra Hosseini, Kourosh Shahbazi, Abbas Mehraban","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400579","url":null,"abstract":"High‐level voltage and extremely low current are the main characteristics of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs). Despite TENGs, their Integrated Energy Storage (IES) units like supercapacitors and battery units require low‐level voltage and a high amount of current for self‐charging power applications. Using proper materials with higher triboelectric charge density is the most common approach to enhance the output current of TENGs. However, this approach alone does not satisfy the requirement of the integrated energy storage units, in which a relatively low voltage along with a sufficiently high current is needed. Consequently, alternative approaches such as employing a power management circuitry have been proposed. This paper introduces a technique based on the texture of multiple TENGs with identical small surface areas to adapt the TENGs to their IESs, specifically tailored for wearable electronics. Some experiments are conducted to evaluate the merits and limitations of the proposed approach. The experimental and analytical results are thoroughly analyzed to show the capabilities and restrictions of the method.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric S. Chen, Alaleh Ahmadianshalchi, Sonja S. Sparks, Chuchu Chen, Aryan Deshwal, Janardhan R. Doppa, Kaiyan Qiu
The development of a general‐purpose machine learning algorithm capable of quickly identifying optimal 3D‐printing settings can save manufacturing time and cost, reduce labor intensity, and improve the quality of 3D‐printed objects. Existing methods have limitations which focus on overall performance or one specific aspect of 3D‐printing quality. Here, for addressing the limitations, a multi‐objective Bayesian Optimization (BO) approach which uses a general‐purpose algorithm to optimize the black‐box functions is demonstrated and identifies the optimal input parameters of direct ink writing for 3D‐printing different presurgical organ models with intricate geometry. The BO approach enhances the 3D‐printing efficiency to achieve the best possible printed object quality while simultaneously addressing the inherent trade‐offs from the process of pursuing ideal outcomes relevant to requirements from practitioners. The BO approach also enables us to effectively explore 3D‐printing inputs inclusive of layer height, nozzle travel speed, and dispensing pressure, as well as visualize the trade‐offs between each set of 3D‐printing inputs in terms of the output objectives which consist of time, porosity, and geometry precisions through the Pareto front.
{"title":"Machine Learning Enabled Design and Optimization for 3D‐Printing of High‐Fidelity Presurgical Organ Models","authors":"Eric S. Chen, Alaleh Ahmadianshalchi, Sonja S. Sparks, Chuchu Chen, Aryan Deshwal, Janardhan R. Doppa, Kaiyan Qiu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400037","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a general‐purpose machine learning algorithm capable of quickly identifying optimal 3D‐printing settings can save manufacturing time and cost, reduce labor intensity, and improve the quality of 3D‐printed objects. Existing methods have limitations which focus on overall performance or one specific aspect of 3D‐printing quality. Here, for addressing the limitations, a multi‐objective Bayesian Optimization (BO) approach which uses a general‐purpose algorithm to optimize the black‐box functions is demonstrated and identifies the optimal input parameters of direct ink writing for 3D‐printing different presurgical organ models with intricate geometry. The BO approach enhances the 3D‐printing efficiency to achieve the best possible printed object quality while simultaneously addressing the inherent trade‐offs from the process of pursuing ideal outcomes relevant to requirements from practitioners. The BO approach also enables us to effectively explore 3D‐printing inputs inclusive of layer height, nozzle travel speed, and dispensing pressure, as well as visualize the trade‐offs between each set of 3D‐printing inputs in terms of the output objectives which consist of time, porosity, and geometry precisions through the Pareto front.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconfigurable structures can perform multiple functions and are useful in confined environments with complicated access. To extend the complexity of configurations achievable with reconfigurable mechanisms, remotely reconfigurable mechanisms are explored. Magnetically responsive phase change materials are selected for actuation, and origami backbones as the structure. Modulating the mechanism's coupling and constraints, multiple configurations are achieved. Three functional aspects of in situ reconfiguration are demonstrated. First, selective attachment and actuation enable remote mechanisms to deploy and actuate. Second, reconfiguration that modifies the constraints allows for new kinematics even in confined environments. Third, the actuator can construct and change the configuration of an origami structure, allowing subsequent functions to emerge. Tetherless interface reconfiguration is demonstrated with an in situ needle puncture and escape room puzzle, which can benefit existing robotic applications in confined spaces.
{"title":"Tetherless Reconfigurations at Actuator‐Structure Interfaces","authors":"Bok Seng Yeow, Yang Yang, Hongliang Ren","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400707","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable structures can perform multiple functions and are useful in confined environments with complicated access. To extend the complexity of configurations achievable with reconfigurable mechanisms, remotely reconfigurable mechanisms are explored. Magnetically responsive phase change materials are selected for actuation, and origami backbones as the structure. Modulating the mechanism's coupling and constraints, multiple configurations are achieved. Three functional aspects of in situ reconfiguration are demonstrated. First, selective attachment and actuation enable remote mechanisms to deploy and actuate. Second, reconfiguration that modifies the constraints allows for new kinematics even in confined environments. Third, the actuator can construct and change the configuration of an origami structure, allowing subsequent functions to emerge. Tetherless interface reconfiguration is demonstrated with an in situ needle puncture and escape room puzzle, which can benefit existing robotic applications in confined spaces.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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