Roel J. H. Raak, Simon J. A. Houben, A. Schenning, Dirk J. Broer
plane continuously in a preprogrammed pattern with a frequency and amplitude of choice, without any obvious signs of fatigue. Thanks to the versatility of this cilia platform, a wide range of applications such as transporting loads in confined spaces, self-cleaning surfaces, haptics, or energy generation is foreseen. Plus, Au target, 30 s, 40 mA). Characterizations : Optical as well as polarized optical microscopy was performed on a Leica DM6000M, in some cases equipped with a 600/10 nm bandpass filter (Melles Griot 03 FIV 018) to prevent isomerization of the azobenzene derivative by the microscope light. Thermal actuation was performed by heating the sample on a hotplate (Linkam TMS94). Photoactuation was performed by illuminating the sample with 365 nm (M365LP1, Thorlabs) and 455 nm (M455L4, Thorlabs) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at a 50 ° angle from below (with respect to the sample stage). Scanning electron microscopy was performed on a SEM Quanta 3D FEG (FEI), prior to characterization, cilia were coated with a thin layer of gold. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed on a TA Q2000, cycling from 0 to 100 ° C at 5 ° C min − 1 three times, and the second cooling cycle was used for characterization. DMA was performed a TA Q800, heating from 0 to 100 ° C at 3 ° C min − 1 . UV–visible spectroscopy was performed on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. Image and Statistical Analyses : The image and statistical analyses, using ImageJ, at the basis of some of the results presented in this paper are further outlined in the Supporting Information.
{"title":"Patterned and Collective Motion of Densely Packed Tapered Multiresponsive Liquid Crystal Cilia (Adv. Mater. Technol. 8/2022)","authors":"Roel J. H. Raak, Simon J. A. Houben, A. Schenning, Dirk J. Broer","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101619","url":null,"abstract":"plane continuously in a preprogrammed pattern with a frequency and amplitude of choice, without any obvious signs of fatigue. Thanks to the versatility of this cilia platform, a wide range of applications such as transporting loads in confined spaces, self-cleaning surfaces, haptics, or energy generation is foreseen. Plus, Au target, 30 s, 40 mA). Characterizations : Optical as well as polarized optical microscopy was performed on a Leica DM6000M, in some cases equipped with a 600/10 nm bandpass filter (Melles Griot 03 FIV 018) to prevent isomerization of the azobenzene derivative by the microscope light. Thermal actuation was performed by heating the sample on a hotplate (Linkam TMS94). Photoactuation was performed by illuminating the sample with 365 nm (M365LP1, Thorlabs) and 455 nm (M455L4, Thorlabs) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at a 50 ° angle from below (with respect to the sample stage). Scanning electron microscopy was performed on a SEM Quanta 3D FEG (FEI), prior to characterization, cilia were coated with a thin layer of gold. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed on a TA Q2000, cycling from 0 to 100 ° C at 5 ° C min − 1 three times, and the second cooling cycle was used for characterization. DMA was performed a TA Q800, heating from 0 to 100 ° C at 3 ° C min − 1 . UV–visible spectroscopy was performed on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. Image and Statistical Analyses : The image and statistical analyses, using ImageJ, at the basis of some of the results presented in this paper are further outlined in the Supporting Information.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86405874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflammatory biomarkers are modulated during the course of any infectious disease, and currently, there is no wearable technology that enables patient management through noninvasive monitoring of these markers. This work is the first demonstration of the discovery and quantification of interferon‐inducible protein (IP‐10) and tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), two key prognostic markers of infection in human sweat. The levels of IP‐10 and TRAIL in sweat are quantified, validated, and confirmed using a standard reference method through preclinical human subject studies. Additionally, simultaneous and continuous detection of IP‐10, TRAIL, and C‐reactive protein (CRP), for infection monitoring in sweat using a wearable SWEATSENSER device is demonstrated. The SWEATSENSER is ultrasensitive with a limit of detection of 1 pg mL−1 (IP‐10 and TRAIL), 0.2 ng mL−1 (CRP) with a wide dynamic range. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrates good agreement between SWEATSENSER and standard reference methods through human subject studies. Serum to sweat relationship demonstrates the potential of the SWEATSENSER to track infection etiology.
{"title":"Novel Approach to Track the Lifecycle of Inflammation from Chemokine Expression to Inflammatory Proteins in Sweat Using Electrochemical Biosensor","authors":"Badrinath Jagannath, Madhavi Pali, Kai-Chun Lin, Devangsingh Sankhala, Pejman Naraghi, S. Muthukumar, Shalini Prasad","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101356","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory biomarkers are modulated during the course of any infectious disease, and currently, there is no wearable technology that enables patient management through noninvasive monitoring of these markers. This work is the first demonstration of the discovery and quantification of interferon‐inducible protein (IP‐10) and tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), two key prognostic markers of infection in human sweat. The levels of IP‐10 and TRAIL in sweat are quantified, validated, and confirmed using a standard reference method through preclinical human subject studies. Additionally, simultaneous and continuous detection of IP‐10, TRAIL, and C‐reactive protein (CRP), for infection monitoring in sweat using a wearable SWEATSENSER device is demonstrated. The SWEATSENSER is ultrasensitive with a limit of detection of 1 pg mL−1 (IP‐10 and TRAIL), 0.2 ng mL−1 (CRP) with a wide dynamic range. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrates good agreement between SWEATSENSER and standard reference methods through human subject studies. Serum to sweat relationship demonstrates the potential of the SWEATSENSER to track infection etiology.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88972920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuedong Yu, Wei Zhu, Jie Zhou, Zhanpeng Guo, Yutong Liu, Yuan Deng
Thermoelectric generators (TEG) serve as excellent passive wearable sensors for monitoring human body heat. However, a micro‐TEG (μTEG) with chip‐level size, rapid response, and high and stable responsivity is desired for real‐time and full‐time respiration monitoring to predict and diagnose breath‐related diseases. In this study, a thin‐film compact μTEG is elaborately designed by combining an ultrathin vertical structure for rapid heat conduction and a horizontal high‐integration density for transient response and a high filling rate. The device integrated with 28‐pair micro thermoelectric (TE) legs is fabricated on an aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate, which is patterned using ultrafast laser direct writing with embedded bottom contacts and TE legs. This unique design of the proposed μTEG provides a rapid response of 8 ms and chip‐level size of 1.9 mm × 2.7 mm × 400 μm for easy wearability. Additionally, application scenarios of real‐time respiration monitoring are demonstrated by mounting the μTEG under the nostril and near the mouth. The recorded airflow signals are displayed precisely with distinct features separating the nose and mouth breathing. Thus, the study presents a subtle and wearable respiration sensor for real‐time and full‐time human physiological signal acquisition.
热电发电机(TEG)是监测人体热量的优秀被动可穿戴传感器。然而，微TEG (μTEG)具有芯片级大小、快速响应、高且稳定的响应性，用于实时和全天候呼吸监测，以预测和诊断呼吸相关疾病。在这项研究中，我们精心设计了一种薄膜致密体μTEG，它结合了超薄的垂直结构以实现快速热传导和水平高积分密度以实现瞬态响应和高填充率。集成了28对微热电(TE)支腿的器件是在氮化铝(AlN)衬底上制造的，该衬底使用嵌入底部触点和TE支腿的超快激光直接写入进行图图化。这种独特的μTEG设计提供了8 ms的快速响应和1.9 mm × 2.7 mm × 400 μm的芯片级尺寸，易于磨损。此外，通过将μTEG安装在鼻孔下方和口腔附近，演示了实时呼吸监测的应用场景。记录的气流信号精确显示，具有区分口鼻呼吸的明显特征。因此，该研究提出了一种精细的可穿戴呼吸传感器，用于实时和全天候的人体生理信号采集。
{"title":"Wearable Respiration Sensor for Continuous Healthcare Monitoring Using a Micro‐Thermoelectric Generator with Rapid Response Time and Chip‐Level Design","authors":"Yuedong Yu, Wei Zhu, Jie Zhou, Zhanpeng Guo, Yutong Liu, Yuan Deng","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101416","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric generators (TEG) serve as excellent passive wearable sensors for monitoring human body heat. However, a micro‐TEG (μTEG) with chip‐level size, rapid response, and high and stable responsivity is desired for real‐time and full‐time respiration monitoring to predict and diagnose breath‐related diseases. In this study, a thin‐film compact μTEG is elaborately designed by combining an ultrathin vertical structure for rapid heat conduction and a horizontal high‐integration density for transient response and a high filling rate. The device integrated with 28‐pair micro thermoelectric (TE) legs is fabricated on an aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate, which is patterned using ultrafast laser direct writing with embedded bottom contacts and TE legs. This unique design of the proposed μTEG provides a rapid response of 8 ms and chip‐level size of 1.9 mm × 2.7 mm × 400 μm for easy wearability. Additionally, application scenarios of real‐time respiration monitoring are demonstrated by mounting the μTEG under the nostril and near the mouth. The recorded airflow signals are displayed precisely with distinct features separating the nose and mouth breathing. Thus, the study presents a subtle and wearable respiration sensor for real‐time and full‐time human physiological signal acquisition.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82346265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hüseyin Ersoy, M. Baumann, L. Barelli, A. Ottaviano, L. Trombetti, M. Weil, S. Passerini
The realization of a fully decarbonized mobility and energy system requires the availability of carbon‐free electricity and fuels which can be ensured only by cost‐efficient and sustainable energy storage technologies. In line with this demand, a techno‐economic evaluation of aluminum as a cross‐sectoral renewable energy carrier is conducted. The assessment, based on a newly developed process, involves the wet combustion of Aluminum at 700 °C resulting in heat and hydrogen (H2) generation. The designed conversion plant enables the contemporaneous generation of electricity and on demand H2 (up to 4 MW and 46.8 kg h–1) with round‐trip efficiencies as high as 40.7% and full recycling of the Al2O3 waste. This study, assuming the carbon‐free production of Al and three different energy cost scenarios, proves the feasibility of the e‐fueling station business case. The overall energy conversion including fuel production (power‐to‐Al), utilization (Al‐to‐power and Al‐to‐H2), and recycling requires a capital investment of 5200 € per kW installed power without additional primary material demand. Hence, the estimated power‐to‐X cost for the Al‐based H2 is estimated in the range of 4.2–9.6 € kg–1 H2, while wind and solar power based green H2 production cost varies from 6.5 to 12.1 € kg–1 H2.
{"title":"Hybrid Energy Storage and Hydrogen Supply Based on Aluminum—a Multiservice Case for Electric Mobility and Energy Storage Services","authors":"Hüseyin Ersoy, M. Baumann, L. Barelli, A. Ottaviano, L. Trombetti, M. Weil, S. Passerini","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101400","url":null,"abstract":"The realization of a fully decarbonized mobility and energy system requires the availability of carbon‐free electricity and fuels which can be ensured only by cost‐efficient and sustainable energy storage technologies. In line with this demand, a techno‐economic evaluation of aluminum as a cross‐sectoral renewable energy carrier is conducted. The assessment, based on a newly developed process, involves the wet combustion of Aluminum at 700 °C resulting in heat and hydrogen (H2) generation. The designed conversion plant enables the contemporaneous generation of electricity and on demand H2 (up to 4 MW and 46.8 kg h–1) with round‐trip efficiencies as high as 40.7% and full recycling of the Al2O3 waste. This study, assuming the carbon‐free production of Al and three different energy cost scenarios, proves the feasibility of the e‐fueling station business case. The overall energy conversion including fuel production (power‐to‐Al), utilization (Al‐to‐power and Al‐to‐H2), and recycling requires a capital investment of 5200 € per kW installed power without additional primary material demand. Hence, the estimated power‐to‐X cost for the Al‐based H2 is estimated in the range of 4.2–9.6 € kg–1 H2, while wind and solar power based green H2 production cost varies from 6.5 to 12.1 € kg–1 H2.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81844875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cong Zhao, Qingya Sun, Kun Hu, Fangming Li, Chenghang Lv, Qingsong Zhang, Min Wang
A kind of pollution known as electromagnetic interference (EMI), which results from ubiquitous usage of various electronic communication and military radar equipment, has received increasing attention recently. However, it is still a big challenge to obtain good EMI shielding in transparent and/or curved surfaces. In this paper, a light, ultrathin, transparent, and flexible EMI shielding film based on woven silver nanowire (Ag‐NW) 3D networks is successfully prepared via a room‐temperature template production method. For transparent application scenario, Ag‐NWs with 91% transmittance in visible range show ≈27 dB shielding efficiency. This sample shows ≈27 dB shielding efficiency, although with a low density of Ag‐NWs (≈0.0168 mg cm−2), which implies that this material has a cost‐effectiveness. Moreover, total shielding as high as ≈40 dB is obtained by using thickened Ag‐NW grids. The EMI has not changed remarkedly after bended 1200 times, which indicates the as‐prepared flexible film has a relative stability of the EMI performance. Considering the facile production technology, this material can be readily applied in transparent EMI shielding.
{"title":"Self‐Assembled Woven Ag‐Nanowire 3D Network Film for Ultrathin, Transparent, and Flexible Surface Electromagnetic Interference Shielding","authors":"Cong Zhao, Qingya Sun, Kun Hu, Fangming Li, Chenghang Lv, Qingsong Zhang, Min Wang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101540","url":null,"abstract":"A kind of pollution known as electromagnetic interference (EMI), which results from ubiquitous usage of various electronic communication and military radar equipment, has received increasing attention recently. However, it is still a big challenge to obtain good EMI shielding in transparent and/or curved surfaces. In this paper, a light, ultrathin, transparent, and flexible EMI shielding film based on woven silver nanowire (Ag‐NW) 3D networks is successfully prepared via a room‐temperature template production method. For transparent application scenario, Ag‐NWs with 91% transmittance in visible range show ≈27 dB shielding efficiency. This sample shows ≈27 dB shielding efficiency, although with a low density of Ag‐NWs (≈0.0168 mg cm−2), which implies that this material has a cost‐effectiveness. Moreover, total shielding as high as ≈40 dB is obtained by using thickened Ag‐NW grids. The EMI has not changed remarkedly after bended 1200 times, which indicates the as‐prepared flexible film has a relative stability of the EMI performance. Considering the facile production technology, this material can be readily applied in transparent EMI shielding.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73100927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. G. Say, I. Sahalianov, Robert Brooke, Ludovico Migliaccio, E. Głowacki, M. Berggren, M. Donahue, Isak Engquist
Ultrathin devices are rapidly developing for skin‐compatible medical applications and wearable electronics. Powering skin‐interfaced electronics requires thin and lightweight energy storage devices, where solution‐processing enables scalable fabrication. To attain such devices, a sequential deposition is employed to achieve all spray‐coated symmetric microsupercapacitors (μSCs) on ultrathin parylene C substrates, where both electrode and gel electrolyte are based on the cheap and abundant biopolymer, cellulose. The optimized spraying procedure allows an overall device thickness of ≈11 µm to be obtained with a 40% active material volume fraction and a resulting volumetric capacitance of 7 F cm−3. Long‐term operation capability (90% of capacitance retention after 104 cycles) and mechanical robustness are achieved (1000 cycles, capacitance retention of 98%) under extreme bending (rolling) conditions. Finite element analysis is utilized to simulate stresses and strains in real‐sized μSCs under different bending conditions. Moreover, an organic electrochromic display is printed and powered with two serially connected μ‐SCs as an example of a wearable, skin‐integrated, fully organic electronic application.
超薄设备在皮肤兼容医疗应用和可穿戴电子产品方面正在迅速发展。为皮肤接口电子设备供电需要薄而轻的能量存储设备，其中解决方案处理可以实现可扩展的制造。为了获得这样的器件，采用顺序沉积方法在超薄聚对二甲苯基板上实现全喷涂对称微超级电容器(μSCs)，其中电极和凝胶电解质都是基于廉价且丰富的生物聚合物纤维素。优化的喷涂过程允许获得约11 μ m的总器件厚度，活性材料体积分数为40%，所得体积电容为7 F cm−3。在极端弯曲(滚动)条件下，实现了长期运行能力(104次循环后电容保持率90%)和机械稳健性(1000次循环，电容保持率98%)。利用有限元方法模拟了实际尺寸μ sc在不同弯曲条件下的应力和应变。此外，有机电致变色显示器的印刷和供电由两个串行连接的μ - sc作为可穿戴，皮肤集成，全有机电子应用的一个例子。
{"title":"Ultrathin Paper Microsupercapacitors for Electronic Skin Applications","authors":"M. G. Say, I. Sahalianov, Robert Brooke, Ludovico Migliaccio, E. Głowacki, M. Berggren, M. Donahue, Isak Engquist","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101420","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrathin devices are rapidly developing for skin‐compatible medical applications and wearable electronics. Powering skin‐interfaced electronics requires thin and lightweight energy storage devices, where solution‐processing enables scalable fabrication. To attain such devices, a sequential deposition is employed to achieve all spray‐coated symmetric microsupercapacitors (μSCs) on ultrathin parylene C substrates, where both electrode and gel electrolyte are based on the cheap and abundant biopolymer, cellulose. The optimized spraying procedure allows an overall device thickness of ≈11 µm to be obtained with a 40% active material volume fraction and a resulting volumetric capacitance of 7 F cm−3. Long‐term operation capability (90% of capacitance retention after 104 cycles) and mechanical robustness are achieved (1000 cycles, capacitance retention of 98%) under extreme bending (rolling) conditions. Finite element analysis is utilized to simulate stresses and strains in real‐sized μSCs under different bending conditions. Moreover, an organic electrochromic display is printed and powered with two serially connected μ‐SCs as an example of a wearable, skin‐integrated, fully organic electronic application.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78385385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100930 filters, revealed that a boost in ion selectivity can be achieved by engineering the ionic topology into an ionic nanochannel by adding an asymmetric element into both “chemistry” and “morphology” of the membranes.[1,2] This can be achieved by building an asymmetrical factor in membrane building blocks or during assembly. There is a need for research on how to assemble at scale ion-selective nanochannels into defect-free membrane-like morphologies with high packing density and long-term stability. Achieving this technological development will allow conversion to viable materials manufacturing and novel ion sensing systems or extraction processes. Our current understanding of ion transport based on electric double-layer overlapping, the dehydration of ions, ionic affinity difference, one-surface-charge-governed ion transport and higher mobility of target ions within nanochannels and membranes are not sufficient to explain new findings. Recent reports[3] identified that other contributory factors must be considered during ISM design such as Zig-Zag transport (twosurface-charge-governed transport because of spontaneous symmetry breaking of charge), different ionic velocity gradient (acceleration and deceleration behaviour of ions as a function of nanochannel dimensions, functional groups and asymmetry in morphology and chemistry), the effect of ice-like arrangements of water molecules on ion selectivity within the asymmetric nanoconfined areas, hydrated ion trapping phenomena, internal concentration polarization and accumulation of ions, orbital involvements of atoms of the nanoconfined areas, and gradual dehydration of ions within the asymmetric nanoconfined areas. The special section of ion-selective membranes covers both fundamental and practical topics that reflect the growing importance of the field over the years. To begin, Amiri et al. (2001308) reviewed recent reports on the design and development of ISMs to control proton transport within Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB). A variety of modification strategies were reviewed and an attempt was made to introduce a design platform for future work. Jovanović et al. (2001136) reviewed recent advances in the performance of separators in Li–S batteries and proposed guidelines for measurements with respect to key properties. Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are categorized as one of the traditional types of ISMs. Shehzad et al. (2001171) reviewed systematically four types IEMs: self-assembled nanochannels, solid-state nanostructures, artificial surface structures, and fillers-integrated nanostructures. Although mixed matrix membranes have been extensively used for gas separation and water purification, their application for ion separation is yet to be fully explored. The new family of 2D materials called MXenes have attracted significant attention within the membrane community. In a comprehensive review, Mozafari et al. (2001189) reviewed the current status and prospects
DOI: 10.1002 / admt。研究表明，通过在膜的“化学”和“形态”中添加不对称元素，将离子拓扑结构设计成离子纳米通道，可以提高离子选择性。[1,2]这可以通过在膜构建块中或在组装过程中构建不对称因子来实现。如何将离子选择纳米通道组装成无缺陷、高堆积密度和长期稳定性的膜状结构，是目前研究的热点。实现这一技术发展将允许转化为可行的材料制造和新型离子传感系统或提取工艺。我们目前对基于双电层重叠、离子脱水、离子亲和差异、单表面电荷控制的离子传输以及纳米通道和膜内目标离子的高迁移率的离子传输的理解不足以解释新的发现。最近的报告[3]指出，在ISM设计过程中必须考虑其他因素，如z形传输(由于电荷的自发对称性破缺而导致的双表面电荷控制的传输)、不同的离子速度梯度(离子的加速和减速行为作为纳米通道尺寸、官能团和形态和化学上的不对称性的函数)、研究了水分子的冰状排列对不对称纳米限制区内离子选择性的影响、水合离子捕获现象、离子的内部浓度极化和积累、纳米限制区内原子的轨道参与以及不对称纳米限制区内离子的逐渐脱水。离子选择膜的特殊部分涵盖了反映多年来该领域日益重要的基础和实用主题。首先，Amiri等人(2001308)回顾了最近关于控制钒氧化还原液流电池(VRFB)内质子传输的ISMs设计和开发的报告。回顾了各种修改策略，并尝试为今后的工作引入一个设计平台。jovanoviki等人(2001136)回顾了锂硫电池中隔膜性能的最新进展，并提出了有关关键性能的测量指南。离子交换膜(IEMs)是一种传统的离子交换膜。Shehzad等人(2001171)系统地回顾了四种类型的纳米材料:自组装纳米通道、固态纳米结构、人工表面结构和填料集成纳米结构。虽然混合基质膜已广泛用于气体分离和水净化，但其在离子分离方面的应用尚未得到充分的探索。新的二维材料家族被称为MXenes，在膜界引起了极大的关注。Mozafari等人(2001189)对离子选择性mxene基膜的现状和前景进行了综述。Zhikao et al.(2000862)综述了二维材料基薄膜纳米复合膜用于离子的潜力A. Razmjou水与废水技术中心悉尼科技大学悉尼，新南威尔士州，澳大利亚A. Razmjou, V. Chen联合国教科文组织膜科学与技术中心化学工程学院新南威尔士大学悉尼，新南威尔士州2052，澳大利亚amirr@unsw.edu.au M. Wessling德国亚琛工业大学化学过程工程Forckenbeckstrasse 51,52074德国亚琛M. Wessling dwi -莱布尼茨相互作用材料研究所Forckenbeckstrasse 50,52074德国亚琛V. Chen化学工程学院澳大利亚昆士兰州4072本文作者的ORCID识别号码可在https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202100930找到。离子选择膜(ISMs)由于其功能在许多环境和生物医学应用中变得越来越重要，近年来引起了人们的极大关注。ISMs在清洁能源的未来和电池行业中发挥着关键作用。可再生能源需求的快速增长导致锂和稀土等能源关键元素的价格大幅上涨。ISMs可用于直接从现成的资源(如海水和地下盐水)中提取元素，而不会损害环境。它们还可用于许多生物医学应用，如纳米生物传感器和即时检测。尽管对ISMs的需求很高，但它们的商业实现遇到了一些限制，例如在选择性和渗透性、长期稳定性和低吞吐量之间的权衡。 这主要是由于缺乏在原子尺度上观察和操纵离子运动的能力，对离子传输机制的理解有限，以及对传输控制效应和影响因素的认识不足。为了制造高性能的离子选择膜，必须根据环境条件(离子强度和pH值)和离子传输驱动力(施加压力或电位)仔细设计其内部离子拓扑结构(离子畴大小、畴间距和畴性质)以及表面化学性质(官能团和表面电荷)。然而，裁剪关键的内外设计参数只能将离子选择性提高到一定程度，通常不能满足工业要求。最近在文献中的发现，受到了生物离子的启发
{"title":"Ion Selective Membranes","authors":"A. Razmjou, Matthias Wessling, Vicki Chen","doi":"10.1002/admt.202100930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202100930","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100930 filters, revealed that a boost in ion selectivity can be achieved by engineering the ionic topology into an ionic nanochannel by adding an asymmetric element into both “chemistry” and “morphology” of the membranes.[1,2] This can be achieved by building an asymmetrical factor in membrane building blocks or during assembly. There is a need for research on how to assemble at scale ion-selective nanochannels into defect-free membrane-like morphologies with high packing density and long-term stability. Achieving this technological development will allow conversion to viable materials manufacturing and novel ion sensing systems or extraction processes. Our current understanding of ion transport based on electric double-layer overlapping, the dehydration of ions, ionic affinity difference, one-surface-charge-governed ion transport and higher mobility of target ions within nanochannels and membranes are not sufficient to explain new findings. Recent reports[3] identified that other contributory factors must be considered during ISM design such as Zig-Zag transport (twosurface-charge-governed transport because of spontaneous symmetry breaking of charge), different ionic velocity gradient (acceleration and deceleration behaviour of ions as a function of nanochannel dimensions, functional groups and asymmetry in morphology and chemistry), the effect of ice-like arrangements of water molecules on ion selectivity within the asymmetric nanoconfined areas, hydrated ion trapping phenomena, internal concentration polarization and accumulation of ions, orbital involvements of atoms of the nanoconfined areas, and gradual dehydration of ions within the asymmetric nanoconfined areas. The special section of ion-selective membranes covers both fundamental and practical topics that reflect the growing importance of the field over the years. To begin, Amiri et al. (2001308) reviewed recent reports on the design and development of ISMs to control proton transport within Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB). A variety of modification strategies were reviewed and an attempt was made to introduce a design platform for future work. Jovanović et al. (2001136) reviewed recent advances in the performance of separators in Li–S batteries and proposed guidelines for measurements with respect to key properties. Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are categorized as one of the traditional types of ISMs. Shehzad et al. (2001171) reviewed systematically four types IEMs: self-assembled nanochannels, solid-state nanostructures, artificial surface structures, and fillers-integrated nanostructures. Although mixed matrix membranes have been extensively used for gas separation and water purification, their application for ion separation is yet to be fully explored. The new family of 2D materials called MXenes have attracted significant attention within the membrane community. In a comprehensive review, Mozafari et al. (2001189) reviewed the current status and prospects ","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ju Hyeon Kim, Hyeong Jun Kim, J. Jeon, Gilyong Shin, Junho Lee, Sungryul Yun, T. Kang
{"title":"Temperature Gradient‐Driven Multilevel and Grayscale Patterning of Tosylate‐Doped Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Films for Flexible and Functional Electronics (Adv. Mater. Technol. 10/2021)","authors":"Ju Hyeon Kim, Hyeong Jun Kim, J. Jeon, Gilyong Shin, Junho Lee, Sungryul Yun, T. Kang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202170057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202170057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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