Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_85
Ahmad Nahwani, M. Arif, Fidrianto, Harry Pujiansyah Bahri
The issue of water supply and sustainable energy is significant in dealing with clean water and energy crises in the long term. In addition, there has been a rise in water and air pollution caused by the community’s activities. Conservation strategies should be implemented to lessen dependence on the supply of clean water and energy and promote self-reliance. The aim of this paper is the existence of a water and energy conservation program system. It is not separately built from the industrial unit, where pollution is a source of raw materials for water and energy to create a sustainable conservation system. The scope of the case report is on the tapioca and sago flour industries. The problem is solved by reusing the wastewater from the production line as raw material for biogas production. The residual water is reused for tapioca and sago starch production. The field data collection was conducted using a combination of primary and secondary data. The case study results are a consistent power supply of 900 kW from a 1.2 MW generator, the reuse of treated wastewater as raw water at a rate of 702 m 3 per day, and an idle capacity of 300 m 3 per day for biogas.
{"title":"Article Integration of Water and Energy Sustainable Program in Cluster Starch Industry","authors":"Ahmad Nahwani, M. Arif, Fidrianto, Harry Pujiansyah Bahri","doi":"10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_85","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of water supply and sustainable energy is significant in dealing with clean water and energy crises in the long term. In addition, there has been a rise in water and air pollution caused by the community’s activities. Conservation strategies should be implemented to lessen dependence on the supply of clean water and energy and promote self-reliance. The aim of this paper is the existence of a water and energy conservation program system. It is not separately built from the industrial unit, where pollution is a source of raw materials for water and energy to create a sustainable conservation system. The scope of the case report is on the tapioca and sago flour industries. The problem is solved by reusing the wastewater from the production line as raw material for biogas production. The residual water is reused for tapioca and sago starch production. The field data collection was conducted using a combination of primary and secondary data. The case study results are a consistent power supply of 900 kW from a 1.2 MW generator, the reuse of treated wastewater as raw water at a rate of 702 m 3 per day, and an idle capacity of 300 m 3 per day for biogas.","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86250019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.220101.055
A. Nizori, Lamasih Diniaty Simamora, Silvy Leila Rahmi, Fitry Tafzi, Mapegau, B. Ichwan
{"title":"Halal Dark Chocolate Quality: Influence of Tempering Time and Temperature","authors":"A. Nizori, Lamasih Diniaty Simamora, Silvy Leila Rahmi, Fitry Tafzi, Mapegau, B. Ichwan","doi":"10.2991/absr.k.220101.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220101.055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87410645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.220309.052
Firsoni Firsoni, W. T. Sasongko, T. Wahyono
Paitan ( Tithonia diversifolia ) and kelor ( Moringa oleifera ) leaves contain high crude protein, which can increase the protein content of the feed. This study aims to determine the role of pain leaf ( Tithonia diversifolia ) and kelor ( Moringa oleifera ) as a concentrate in vitro. Another feed ingredient used is rice bran. A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications was applied in this study. The treatments were A ( Tithonia diversifolia leaves without rice bran), B ( Tithonia diversifolia leaves 75% + rice bran 25%), C ( Tithonia diversifolia leaves 37.5% + Moringa oleifera leaves 37.5% + 25% rice bran), D ( Moringa oleifera leaves 75% + rice bran 25%) and E ( Moringa oleifera leaves without rice bran). Parameters observed were nutrient content, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation products. The results showed that the crude protein content of treatments B, C and D was lower than A and E due to the use of rice bran which had a low crude protein content, but the addition of rice bran in the feed resulted in higher gas production (P<0.05). The combination of the use of rice bran and Moringa oleifera leaves (treatment D), resulted in the highest gas production up to 48 hours of incubation (P<0.05). The highest gas production from the fermentation of soluble (GPSF) and insoluble (GPNSF) fractions resulting from treatment D were 11.01 ml and 137.48 ml respectively. Anti-nutrients found in Tithonia diversifolia leaves make gas production lower than anti-nutrients found in Moringa oleifera leaves. 25% rice bran on feed could increase metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), microbial protein (MP) and single-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. It can be concluded that the use of 25% rice bran in feed containing Tithonia diversifolia and Moringa oleifera can reduce the anti-nutritional effect.
{"title":"Nutritive Value and Fermentation Characteristics of Tithonia diversifolia and Moringa oleifera Evaluated by Gas Production Technique in vitro","authors":"Firsoni Firsoni, W. T. Sasongko, T. Wahyono","doi":"10.2991/absr.k.220309.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220309.052","url":null,"abstract":"Paitan ( Tithonia diversifolia ) and kelor ( Moringa oleifera ) leaves contain high crude protein, which can increase the protein content of the feed. This study aims to determine the role of pain leaf ( Tithonia diversifolia ) and kelor ( Moringa oleifera ) as a concentrate in vitro. Another feed ingredient used is rice bran. A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications was applied in this study. The treatments were A ( Tithonia diversifolia leaves without rice bran), B ( Tithonia diversifolia leaves 75% + rice bran 25%), C ( Tithonia diversifolia leaves 37.5% + Moringa oleifera leaves 37.5% + 25% rice bran), D ( Moringa oleifera leaves 75% + rice bran 25%) and E ( Moringa oleifera leaves without rice bran). Parameters observed were nutrient content, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation products. The results showed that the crude protein content of treatments B, C and D was lower than A and E due to the use of rice bran which had a low crude protein content, but the addition of rice bran in the feed resulted in higher gas production (P<0.05). The combination of the use of rice bran and Moringa oleifera leaves (treatment D), resulted in the highest gas production up to 48 hours of incubation (P<0.05). The highest gas production from the fermentation of soluble (GPSF) and insoluble (GPNSF) fractions resulting from treatment D were 11.01 ml and 137.48 ml respectively. Anti-nutrients found in Tithonia diversifolia leaves make gas production lower than anti-nutrients found in Moringa oleifera leaves. 25% rice bran on feed could increase metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), microbial protein (MP) and single-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. It can be concluded that the use of 25% rice bran in feed containing Tithonia diversifolia and Moringa oleifera can reduce the anti-nutritional effect.","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83605715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_4
Gmd Putra, L. Sutiarso, A. Nugroho, Ngadisih, Msi Chaer
{"title":"Plant Growth Prediction Model of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) by Different Manipulation Environment","authors":"Gmd Putra, L. Sutiarso, A. Nugroho, Ngadisih, Msi Chaer","doi":"10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78984126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.220401.065
A. Agus, C. Hanim, M. Al Anas, A. Agussalim*
In currently decades, the demand of functional foods is increasing and would increase continuously in the future. Since their roles can decrease of several diseases risk and can increasing the life expectancy. In addition, the consumers expect more and more food especially from animal products that are free from the antibiotics, hormone, additive, salmonella , Escherichia coli , and GMO. Among food of animal products, eggs are very interesting from the point of view of functionality, because they are as the moderate calorie source, an excellent quality protein, rich in vitamins and minerals, inexpensive and highly nutritious food. The develop of the functional foods from egg-derived by technological methods is interest strategy to enhance profitability of egg producers and food industry and improving public health condition in generally, especially in the developing country such as Indonesia. This paper briefly discusses the roles of functional egg for human health, how to design functional eggs, and to developing small holder cage-free layer farming to produce functional egg.
{"title":"Feed, Animal and Human Health: Designing Functional Egg","authors":"A. Agus, C. Hanim, M. Al Anas, A. Agussalim*","doi":"10.2991/absr.k.220401.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220401.065","url":null,"abstract":"In currently decades, the demand of functional foods is increasing and would increase continuously in the future. Since their roles can decrease of several diseases risk and can increasing the life expectancy. In addition, the consumers expect more and more food especially from animal products that are free from the antibiotics, hormone, additive, salmonella , Escherichia coli , and GMO. Among food of animal products, eggs are very interesting from the point of view of functionality, because they are as the moderate calorie source, an excellent quality protein, rich in vitamins and minerals, inexpensive and highly nutritious food. The develop of the functional foods from egg-derived by technological methods is interest strategy to enhance profitability of egg producers and food industry and improving public health condition in generally, especially in the developing country such as Indonesia. This paper briefly discusses the roles of functional egg for human health, how to design functional eggs, and to developing small holder cage-free layer farming to produce functional egg.","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79056938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_70
M. Wahyudin, N. Muhammad, W. Supartono, C. C. Chen, K. M. Tsai
{"title":"MSMEs’ Technology Readiness: Indicator and Index in Adopting Digital Marketing","authors":"M. Wahyudin, N. Muhammad, W. Supartono, C. C. Chen, K. M. Tsai","doi":"10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79885753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_66
M. Huda, H. G. Mawandha, Murugesan Ag, N. Ngadisih
{"title":"The Utilization of Sentinel-1 Soil Moisture Satellite Imagery for Crop’s Water Requirement Analysis in the Dryland Agriculture","authors":"M. Huda, H. G. Mawandha, Murugesan Ag, N. Ngadisih","doi":"10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88268603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.220309.039
Nurul Muchlisah Basyarah, L. Nafiu, T. Saili
Freezing of bovine sperm has a critical point at the time of equilibration and freezing. Therefore, the equilibration duration and concentration of cryoprotectants that can maintain sperm during freezing and storage become determining factors for the success of bovine sperm freezing. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the interaction between equilibration duration and the concentration of ethylene glycol as cryoprotectants on the sperm motility of Bali bull sexed sperm both after equilibration and after freezing (post thawing motility). The study was conducted in February-March 2021 at the UPTD of the Center for Animal Breeding and Feed, the Food Crops and Livestock Service Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The material used was Bali bull aged three years and weighed 410kg as a source of semen. Factorial Completely randomized design (3x3) was used in this experiment. The first factor was the equilibration duration, consisting of 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours. In contrast, the second factor was the concentration of ethylene glycol, which consisted of 5, 6, and 7%. The evaluated variable was sperm motility both after equilibration and post-thawing motility. Data were collected and tabulated, then analyzed using variance analysis, while the differences between treatments were compared using Duncan's Multiple Region Test using the IBM Statistics SPSS 24 program. The results showed that the average motility of sperm after equilibration and post-thawing motility were 66,57±3,02% and 47.78±4.84%, respectively. Based on variance analysis, it was concluded that there was no interaction effect between equilibration duration and concentration of ethylene glycol on sperm motility both after equilibration and post thawing motility of Bali bull sexed sperm.
牛精子的冷冻在平衡和冷冻时有一个临界点。因此，在冷冻和储存过程中维持精子的冷冻保护剂的平衡时间和浓度成为牛精子冷冻成功的决定因素。本研究旨在评价平衡时间和乙二醇浓度的相互作用对平衡后和冷冻后(解冻后)巴厘公牛有性精子活力的影响。该研究于2021年2月至3月在东南苏拉威西省粮食作物和牲畜服务办公室动物育种和饲料中心的UPTD进行。使用的材料是3岁、体重410公斤的巴厘公牛作为精液来源。本试验采用全随机设计(3x3)。第一个因素是平衡时间，包括3小时、4小时和5小时。相比之下，第二个因素是乙二醇的浓度，它由5,6和7%组成。评估的变量是精子在平衡后和解冻后的活力。收集数据并制成表格，然后使用方差分析进行分析，同时使用IBM Statistics SPSS 24程序使用Duncan's Multiple Region Test比较处理之间的差异。结果表明，精子平衡后和解冻后的平均活动力分别为66.2%、57±3.02%和47.78±4.84%。通过方差分析，得出平衡时间和乙二醇浓度对平衡后和解冻后巴厘公牛性精子活力均无交互作用的结论。
{"title":"Motility of Bali Sexed Sperm Following Equilibration and Cryopreservation in Different Concentrations of Ethylene Glycol","authors":"Nurul Muchlisah Basyarah, L. Nafiu, T. Saili","doi":"10.2991/absr.k.220309.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220309.039","url":null,"abstract":"Freezing of bovine sperm has a critical point at the time of equilibration and freezing. Therefore, the equilibration duration and concentration of cryoprotectants that can maintain sperm during freezing and storage become determining factors for the success of bovine sperm freezing. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the interaction between equilibration duration and the concentration of ethylene glycol as cryoprotectants on the sperm motility of Bali bull sexed sperm both after equilibration and after freezing (post thawing motility). The study was conducted in February-March 2021 at the UPTD of the Center for Animal Breeding and Feed, the Food Crops and Livestock Service Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The material used was Bali bull aged three years and weighed 410kg as a source of semen. Factorial Completely randomized design (3x3) was used in this experiment. The first factor was the equilibration duration, consisting of 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours. In contrast, the second factor was the concentration of ethylene glycol, which consisted of 5, 6, and 7%. The evaluated variable was sperm motility both after equilibration and post-thawing motility. Data were collected and tabulated, then analyzed using variance analysis, while the differences between treatments were compared using Duncan's Multiple Region Test using the IBM Statistics SPSS 24 program. The results showed that the average motility of sperm after equilibration and post-thawing motility were 66,57±3,02% and 47.78±4.84%, respectively. Based on variance analysis, it was concluded that there was no interaction effect between equilibration duration and concentration of ethylene glycol on sperm motility both after equilibration and post thawing motility of Bali bull sexed sperm.","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88590159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.220207.046
A. Rahman, A. Kusumawati, A. Budiyanto, Y. Ulviani, I. Fathurrahman, K. D. Prihantoko, L. Unsunnidhal
The application of sexing technology to separate X and Y spermatozoa is a strategic step to fulfill the beef demand in Indonesia. Current sexing methods like gradient density percoll, bovine serum albumin, and spectrophotometry did not have 100% accuracy to separate between X and Y spermatozoa. The molecular verification process by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay becomes an important step to verify the sex-separated straw of Simmental cattle, so a higher percentage of sex suitability of calves expected by farmers is achieved. This research aims to develop a new primer for Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa in the sex-separated straw of Simmental cattle by PCR assay. Primer design for PCR assay is an important step. In this research, primer was designed by bioinformatics analysis using primer3plus based on Sex determining Region Y (SRY) gene, which encodes the male sex determination in spermatozoa. Genomic DNA of spermatozoa was isolated by PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen, USA). Primer design by bioinformatics analysis obtained primer products of 232 bp length with 50% of GC content. The amplification of SRY primer produced a single fragment of 232 bp, respectively. Thus, this primer can be used to verify the copy of the SRY gene in the sex-separated straw of Simmental cattle.
应用性别技术分离X和Y精子是满足印度尼西亚牛肉需求的战略步骤。目前的性别鉴定方法，如梯度密度percoll、牛血清白蛋白和分光光度法，不能100%准确地区分X和Y精子。聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)的分子验证过程成为验证西门塔尔牛性别分离秸秆的重要步骤，从而达到了农民期望的更高的犊牛性别适宜率。本研究旨在利用PCR技术开发一种新的引物，用于西门塔尔牛性别分离秸秆中携带y染色体精子的引物。引物设计是PCR检测的重要步骤。本研究基于精子性别决定区Y (Sex - determination Region Y, SRY)基因，利用引物3plus进行生物信息学分析，设计引物。用PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen, USA)分离精子基因组DNA。通过生物信息学分析设计引物，得到全长232 bp, GC含量50%的引物产物。SRY引物扩增后分别产生232 bp的单片段。因此，该引物可用于验证西门塔尔牛性别分离秸秆中SRY基因的拷贝。
{"title":"Molecular Verification of Sex-separated Straw of Simmental Cattle (Bos taurus) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)","authors":"A. Rahman, A. Kusumawati, A. Budiyanto, Y. Ulviani, I. Fathurrahman, K. D. Prihantoko, L. Unsunnidhal","doi":"10.2991/absr.k.220207.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220207.046","url":null,"abstract":"The application of sexing technology to separate X and Y spermatozoa is a strategic step to fulfill the beef demand in Indonesia. Current sexing methods like gradient density percoll, bovine serum albumin, and spectrophotometry did not have 100% accuracy to separate between X and Y spermatozoa. The molecular verification process by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay becomes an important step to verify the sex-separated straw of Simmental cattle, so a higher percentage of sex suitability of calves expected by farmers is achieved. This research aims to develop a new primer for Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa in the sex-separated straw of Simmental cattle by PCR assay. Primer design for PCR assay is an important step. In this research, primer was designed by bioinformatics analysis using primer3plus based on Sex determining Region Y (SRY) gene, which encodes the male sex determination in spermatozoa. Genomic DNA of spermatozoa was isolated by PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen, USA). Primer design by bioinformatics analysis obtained primer products of 232 bp length with 50% of GC content. The amplification of SRY primer produced a single fragment of 232 bp, respectively. Thus, this primer can be used to verify the copy of the SRY gene in the sex-separated straw of Simmental cattle.","PeriodicalId":7202,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biological Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77193544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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