To determine the possible use of near-infrared(NIR) light-emitting-diode (LED) radiation for imaging intraocular tumours by transpalpebral transillumination.
Methods
This study was a pilot, open-label, prospective and non-interventional. Thirty patients (30 eyes; age 30–72 years) with uveal melanomas located in the iris, ciliary body, or choroid were under our observation. A biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, transpalpebral NIR transillumination, and ultrasound examination were performed in all cases.
Results
In all cases, NIR transillumination with transpalpebral approach enables visualization of the ciliary body and accurately estimates the projection of the pars plicata and ora serrata onto the sclera. In all patients, transpalpebral NIR transillumination made it possible to image the shadow of intraocular melanoma, estimate its dimensions and location concerning the ciliary body structures.
Conclusions
We recommend the non-invasive transpalpebral NIR transillumination technique, together with traditional ultrasound imaging, to improve the accuracy of assessing the size and location of intraocular tumours.
{"title":"Intraocular tumours imaging with transpalpebral near-infrared LED transillumination: Pilot study","authors":"Oleg Zadorozhnyy, Andrii Korol, Taras Kustryn, Nataliya Pasyechnikova","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To determine the possible use of near-infrared(NIR) light-emitting-diode (LED) radiation for imaging intraocular tumours by transpalpebral transillumination.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was a pilot, open-label, prospective and non-interventional. Thirty patients (30 eyes; age 30–72 years) with uveal melanomas located in the iris, ciliary body, or choroid were under our observation. A biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, transpalpebral NIR transillumination, and ultrasound examination were performed in all cases.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In all cases, NIR transillumination with transpalpebral approach enables visualization of the ciliary body and accurately estimates the projection of the pars plicata and ora serrata onto the sclera. In all patients, transpalpebral NIR transillumination made it possible to image the shadow of intraocular melanoma, estimate its dimensions and location concerning the ciliary body structures.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We recommend the non-invasive transpalpebral NIR transillumination technique, together with traditional ultrasound imaging, to improve the accuracy of assessing the size and location of intraocular tumours.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/8d/main.PMC10577822.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100060
Jinfeng Liu , Andre K.H. Ma , Kwok Fai So , Vincent W.H. Lee , Kin Chiu
Background
In the last two decades, electrical stimulation (ES) has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy. However, the clinical application of ES in ophthalmology is currently limited. On the one hand, optimization and standardization of ES protocols is still an unmet need. On the other hand, poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hindered clinical exploitation.
Main Text
Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to identify the treatment potential of ES in eye diseases and to explore the related cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the in vitro and in vivo evidence related to cellular and tissue response to ES in eye diseases. We highlighted several pathways that may be utilized by ES to impose its effects on the diseased retina.
Conclusions
Therapeutic effect of ES in retinal degenerative diseases might through preventing neuronal apoptosis, promoting neuronal regeneration, increasing neurotrophic factors production in Müller cells, inhibiting microglial activation, enhancing retinal blood flow, and modulating brain plasticity. Future studies are suggested to analyse changes in specific retinal cells for optimizing the treatment parameters and choosing the best fit ES delivery method in target diseases.
{"title":"Mechanisms of electrical stimulation in eye diseases: A narrative review","authors":"Jinfeng Liu , Andre K.H. Ma , Kwok Fai So , Vincent W.H. Lee , Kin Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In the last two decades, electrical stimulation (ES) has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy. However, the clinical application of ES in ophthalmology is currently limited. On the one hand, optimization and standardization of ES protocols is still an unmet need. On the other hand, poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hindered clinical exploitation.</p></div><div><h3>Main Text</h3><p>Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to identify the treatment potential of ES in eye diseases and to explore the related cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the in vitro and in vivo evidence related to cellular and tissue response to ES in eye diseases. We highlighted several pathways that may be utilized by ES to impose its effects on the diseased retina.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Therapeutic effect of ES in retinal degenerative diseases might through preventing neuronal apoptosis, promoting neuronal regeneration, increasing neurotrophic factors production in Müller cells, inhibiting microglial activation, enhancing retinal blood flow, and modulating brain plasticity. Future studies are suggested to analyse changes in specific retinal cells for optimizing the treatment parameters and choosing the best fit ES delivery method in target diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1a/5c/main.PMC10577855.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100051
Zhiqing Chen , Binbin Chen , Peike Hu , Haipeng Liu , Dingchang Zheng
Purpose
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).
Methods
It was a single-center, self-controlled prospective study. The clinical records of 12 diabetic retinopathy patients (5 males and 7 females, 20 eyes in total) who were treated with PBM for DME at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were analyzed. The mean age was 56 (26–68) years. All the participants received PBM treatment during darkness at night in no less than 5 days per week and no less than 8 h per day. In the baseline check and follow-up checks (1, 2, 6, 10, and 12 months after the start of treatment), the best-corrected visual acuity, the thickness of the retina in the macula, and the changes of the fundus lesions were observed. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the results before and after treatment. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
No fundus complication was observed during follow-up checks. In baseline and 12-month follow-up checks, the best-corrected visual acuity was 71.75 ± 12.47 and 79.50 ± 10.85, maximal retinal thickness in macular area was 390.95 ± 77.12 μm and 354.13 ± 55.03 μm, average retinal thickness in macular area was 334.25 ± 36.45 μm and 314.31 ± 33.28 μm, foveal thickness was 287.00 ± 46.79 μm and 265.63 ± 67.14 μm. The best-corrected visual acuity, average retinal thickness in macular area in consecutive follow-up results except that in the 1st month showed significant difference compared with baseline results. There were significant difference between every follow-up result and baseline result of maximal retinal thickness in macular area (P < 0.05). All follow-up results of foveal thickness were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the baseline result, except that in the 6th month (P = 0.049). Obvious improvement could be observed in retinal fundus fluorescein angiography images.
Conclusions
PBM is a safe and effective treatment of DME, which deserves further investigation.
{"title":"A preliminary observation on rod cell photobiomodulation in treating diabetic macular edema","authors":"Zhiqing Chen , Binbin Chen , Peike Hu , Haipeng Liu , Dingchang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>It was a single-center, self-controlled prospective study. The clinical records of 12 diabetic retinopathy patients (5 males and 7 females, 20 eyes in total) who were treated with PBM for DME at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were analyzed. The mean age was 56 (26–68) years. All the participants received PBM treatment during darkness at night in no less than 5 days per week and no less than 8 h per day. In the baseline check and follow-up checks (1, 2, 6, 10, and 12 months after the start of treatment), the best-corrected visual acuity, the thickness of the retina in the macula, and the changes of the fundus lesions were observed. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the results before and after treatment. <em>P</em> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No fundus complication was observed during follow-up checks. In baseline and 12-month follow-up checks, the best-corrected visual acuity was 71.75 ± 12.47 and 79.50 ± 10.85, maximal retinal thickness in macular area was 390.95 ± 77.12 μm and 354.13 ± 55.03 μm, average retinal thickness in macular area was 334.25 ± 36.45 μm and 314.31 ± 33.28 μm, foveal thickness was 287.00 ± 46.79 μm and 265.63 ± 67.14 μm. The best-corrected visual acuity, average retinal thickness in macular area in consecutive follow-up results except that in the 1st month showed significant difference compared with baseline results. There were significant difference between every follow-up result and baseline result of maximal retinal thickness in macular area (<em>P</em> < 0.05). All follow-up results of foveal thickness were not significantly different (<em>P</em> > 0.05) from the baseline result, except that in the 6th month (<em>P</em> = 0.049). Obvious improvement could be observed in retinal fundus fluorescein angiography images.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PBM is a safe and effective treatment of DME, which deserves further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/38/main.PMC10577862.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S2667-3762(22)00047-6
{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2667-3762(22)00047-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2667-3762(22)00047-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376222000476/pdfft?md5=495c7fe0af3dceaca80e7963779ac0e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667376222000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137217137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the impact of video and verbal counselling on patients' undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia.
Methods
This is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted at Aravind Eye Care System, Pondicherry, India. All patients had a 15 min one-on-one verbal counselling covering surgical technique, implant options, anaesthesia and payment options one day prior to surgery. On the day of surgery, patients were randomized into two groups; in the first group, patients were provided with video counselling and in the second group, patients were given verbal counselling prior to undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia. Measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and the Likert-scale anxiety rating were collected at preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative time points.
Results
A group of 186 patients (aged 45–70 years) were provided video counselling via portable iPad before first-time phacoemulsification, and a second group of 186 patients underwent surgery with verbal counselling. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were lower in both the video and verbally counselled groups during the intraoperative time point. Furthermore, during the intraoperative period, 123 (66.1%) video counselled patients felt relaxed compared to 119 (64%) patients who were provided verbal counselling (P = 0.6636). Patient cooperation during surgery was excellent in 76(40.9%) video counselled patients and 67(36%) verbally counselled patients (P = 0.3374). 25.8% and 21% (P = 0.2703) of patients experienced no pain during surgery in the video and verbal counselled groups respectively.
Conclusions
Although measures such as pulse rate, respiratory rate and feelings of relaxation did not show significant differences among the two groups of video and verbal counselling, patients marked cooperation during surgery and furthermore, the level of anxiety is most reassuring.
{"title":"Effect of Video Counselling Versus Verbal Counselling on Patient's experience during phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia","authors":"Merlin Benzy , Rengaraj Venkatesh , Vivekanandan Vellam Ramakrishnan , Varshini Santhanarajan Odayar","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To evaluate the impact of video and verbal counselling on patients' undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted at Aravind Eye Care System, Pondicherry, India. All patients had a 15 min one-on-one verbal counselling covering surgical technique, implant options, anaesthesia and payment options one day prior to surgery. On the day of surgery, patients were randomized into two groups; in the first group, patients were provided with video counselling and in the second group, patients were given verbal counselling prior to undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia. Measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and the Likert-scale anxiety rating were collected at preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative time points.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A group of 186 patients (aged 45–70 years) were provided video counselling via portable iPad before first-time phacoemulsification, and a second group of 186 patients underwent surgery with verbal counselling. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were lower in both the video and verbally counselled groups during the intraoperative time point. Furthermore, during the intraoperative period, 123 (66.1%) video counselled patients felt relaxed compared to 119 (64%) patients who were provided verbal counselling (<em>P</em> = 0.6636). Patient cooperation during surgery was excellent in 76(40.9%) video counselled patients and 67(36%) verbally counselled patients (<em>P</em> = 0.3374). 25.8% and 21% (<em>P</em> = 0.2703) of patients experienced no pain during surgery in the video and verbal counselled groups respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although measures such as pulse rate, respiratory rate and feelings of relaxation did not show significant differences among the two groups of video and verbal counselling, patients marked cooperation during surgery and furthermore, the level of anxiety is most reassuring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/19/main.PMC10577861.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100049
Ajeet M. Wagle , Smita R. Hegde , Srinivasan Sanjay , Kah-Guan Au Eong
Purpose
Dengue fever (DF) epidemics in Singapore in 2005–2006 and 2007 were caused predominantly by dengue virus serotypes 1 (DENV-1) and 2 (DENV-2) respectively. We investigated the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations during these consecutive epidemics.
Methods
Seropositive DF patients admitted to the hospital during two separate dengue epidemics were enrolled from June 2005 to December 2007. Demographic, ophthalmic, and laboratory data were collected. The primary outcome measures were differences in ophthalmic and laboratory features across the two epidemics. Factors associated with increased risk of developing various DF-related ophthalmic manifestations were the secondary outcome measures.
Results
Of the 115 patients enrolled, 109 (94.7%; 33 in 2005–2006 and 76 in 2007) completed the eye screening protocol. Majority of patients were Chinese (65, 59.6%) and males (81, 74.3%). The mean age was 40.8 years (range, 18–87). Colour vision impairment (12 vs 14 [36.4% vs 18.7%]; P = 0.04), cotton wool spots (10 vs 3 [30.3% vs 3.9%]; P < 0.001), bleeding diathesis (7 vs 3 [21.2% vs 3.9%]; P = 0.004) and abnormal liver function (mean alanine amino-transferase [150.2 U/L vs 68.28 U/L; P = 0.001], mean aspartate amino-transferase [196.86 U/L vs 99.53 U/L; P = 0.002], total protein [68.43 g/L vs 72.27 g/L; P = 0.016], serum albumin [36.86 g/L vs 40.5 g/L; P = 0.001]) were noted more often in DF epidemics predominantly caused by DENV-1 compared to DENV-2.
Conclusions
A higher prevalence of colour vision impairment, cotton wool spots, bleeding diathesis, and abnormal liver function was found in DF epidemics predominantly caused by DENV-1 compared to DENV-2.
目的2005-2006年和2007年新加坡登革热流行主要分别由登革热病毒血清型1 (DENV-1)和2 (DENV-2)引起。我们调查了这些连续流行期间眼部表现的患病率。方法收集2005年6月至2007年12月两次登革热流行期间住院的DF血清阳性患者。收集了人口统计学、眼科和实验室数据。主要结局指标是两种流行的眼科和实验室特征的差异。与各种df相关的眼部表现风险增加相关的因素是次要结果测量。结果入组的115例患者中，109例(94.7%;33名(2005-2006年)和76名(2007年)完成了眼部筛查方案。以华人(65例，59.6%)和男性(81例，74.3%)居多。平均年龄40.8岁(18 ~ 87岁)。色觉障碍(12 vs 14 [36.4% vs 18.7%];P = 0.04)，棉毛斑(10 vs 3 [30.3% vs 3.9%];P & lt;0.001)，出血素质(7 vs 3 [21.2% vs 3.9%];P = 0.004)和肝功能异常(平均丙氨酸氨基转移酶[150.2 U/L vs 68.28 U/L;P = 0.001]，平均天冬氨酸氨基转移酶[196.86 U/L vs 99.53 U/L;P = 0.002),血清总蛋白(68.43 g / L和72.27 g / L;P = 0.016),血清白蛋白(36.86 g / L和40.5 g / L;P = 0.001])在主要由DENV-1引起的登革热流行中比由DENV-2引起的登革热流行更常见。结论以DENV-1为主的DF流行中色觉障碍、棉斑、出血、肝功能异常的发生率高于DENV-2。
{"title":"Ophthalmic manifestations in seropositive dengue fever patients during epidemics caused by predominantly different dengue serotypes","authors":"Ajeet M. Wagle , Smita R. Hegde , Srinivasan Sanjay , Kah-Guan Au Eong","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Dengue fever (DF) epidemics in Singapore in 2005–2006 and 2007 were caused predominantly by dengue virus serotypes 1 (DENV-1) and 2 (DENV-2) respectively. We investigated the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations during these consecutive epidemics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seropositive DF patients admitted to the hospital during two separate dengue epidemics were enrolled from June 2005 to December 2007. Demographic, ophthalmic, and laboratory data were collected. The primary outcome measures were differences in ophthalmic and laboratory features across the two epidemics. Factors associated with increased risk of developing various DF-related ophthalmic manifestations were the secondary outcome measures.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 115 patients enrolled, 109 (94.7%; 33 in 2005–2006 and 76 in 2007) completed the eye screening protocol. Majority of patients were Chinese (65, 59.6%) and males (81, 74.3%). The mean age was 40.8 years (range, 18–87). Colour vision impairment (12 vs 14 [36.4% vs 18.7%]; <em>P</em> = 0.04), cotton wool spots (10 vs 3 [30.3% vs 3.9%]; <em>P</em> < 0.001), bleeding diathesis (7 vs 3 [21.2% vs 3.9%]; <em>P</em> = 0.004) and abnormal liver function (mean alanine amino-transferase [150.2 U/L vs 68.28 U/L; <em>P</em> = 0.001], mean aspartate amino-transferase [196.86 U/L vs 99.53 U/L; <em>P</em> = 0.002], total protein [68.43 g/L vs 72.27 g/L; <em>P</em> = 0.016], serum albumin [36.86 g/L vs 40.5 g/L; <em>P</em> = 0.001]) were noted more often in DF epidemics predominantly caused by DENV-1 compared to DENV-2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A higher prevalence of colour vision impairment, cotton wool spots, bleeding diathesis, and abnormal liver function was found in DF epidemics predominantly caused by DENV-1 compared to DENV-2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/c5/main.PMC10577814.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100048
Jos J. Rozema , Adnan Khan , David A. Atchison
Purpose
To develop a paraxial eye model based on a previously collected cohort of adults with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and a limited range of refractive errors.
Methods
The study used the previously published biometric data of 72 participants (Age: 41.5 ± 12.4 years) with DM1. Measurements included objective refraction, anterior and posterior corneal radii of curvatures, and internal distances. Moreover, phakometry was used to determine the lens radii of curvature and lens equivalent indices, from which the lens powers were calculated. A multivariate linear regression was performed for each biometric parameter with respect to current age (Age), the time since the onset of diabetes (Tdb), and current levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The vitreous chamber depth was determined from other distances, and lens equivalent index was chosen to balance the models. These were compared with an existing model for non-diabetic eyes.
Results
Some dependent parameters were not affected by the independent variables (spherical equivalent, anterior corneal radius of curvature, central corneal thickness), some were affected by time since onset (the lens radii of curvatures, anterior chamber depth) and others were affected by both age and time since onset (posterior corneal radius of curvature, lens thickness, axial length). None of the dependent parameters were affected by current levels of HbA1c.
Conclusions
The proposed model accurately describes the age-related changes in the eyes of people with DM1. In this description the age of diabetes onset plays an important role, especially if the diabetes onset occurred during childhood.
{"title":"Modelling ocular ageing in adults with well-controlled type I diabetes","authors":"Jos J. Rozema , Adnan Khan , David A. Atchison","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To develop a paraxial eye model based on a previously collected cohort of adults with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (<em>DM1</em>) and a limited range of refractive errors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study used the previously published biometric data of <em>72</em> participants (Age: <em>41.5 ± 12.4</em> years) with <em>DM1</em>. Measurements included objective refraction, anterior and posterior corneal radii of curvatures, and internal distances. Moreover, phakometry was used to determine the lens radii of curvature and lens equivalent indices, from which the lens powers were calculated. A multivariate linear regression was performed for each biometric parameter with respect to current age (<em>Age</em>), the time since the onset of diabetes (<em>T</em><sub>db</sub>), and current levels of glycated hemoglobin (<em>HbA1c</em>). The vitreous chamber depth was determined from other distances, and lens equivalent index was chosen to balance the models. These were compared with an existing model for non-diabetic eyes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Some dependent parameters were not affected by the independent variables (spherical equivalent, anterior corneal radius of curvature, central corneal thickness), some were affected by time since onset (the lens radii of curvatures, anterior chamber depth) and others were affected by both age and time since onset (posterior corneal radius of curvature, lens thickness, axial length). None of the dependent parameters were affected by current levels of <em>HbA1c</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The proposed model accurately describes the age-related changes in the eyes of people with <em>DM1</em>. In this description the age of diabetes onset plays an important role, especially if the diabetes onset occurred during childhood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/14/main.PMC10577873.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100047
Junhui Shen , Zhitao Su , Lei Feng
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It is possible that preservative-free eye drops can be contaminated. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of microbial contamination of preservative-free hospital-prepared anti-infective eye drops and investigate factors that contribute to contamination. This finding may help to raise awareness of this problem to medical healthcare staff and patients in order to prevent the transmission of microorganisms from eye drops to the patients through treatment of pre-existing eye diseases.
Methods
Two hundred and ninety-five eye drop bottles were collected from patients attending Rajavithi Hospital Ophthalmologic outpatient and inpatient department, including both those used by patients at home and those administered in the hospital by medical staff. Samples were taken from the tips of droppers and bottles, and the residual fluid inside the bottles was then cultivated onto different culture plates. The culture results were identified and analyzed according to various factors related to both individual users and the bottles.
Results
Seven different types of eye drops were collected and 71 (24.06%) of the 295 bottles were contaminated. Vancomycin eye drops were the most contaminated. Twenty-six different types of pathogens were identified, most frequently mold (42.98%), and the amount of contamination was higher in tips than in residual fluid inside the bottle. There was no statistically significant difference in contamination between patients used eye drops collected in outpatient units (32.14%) and medical staff used eye drops collected in inpatient settings (23.22%). The only factor that was statistically significant was the number of eye drops used per person. We found that samples from patients who used only up to 2 eye drops suffered contamination (42.8%) more than those from their counterparts who used at least 3 (22.18%), P = 0.02.
Conclusions
Of these preservative-free hospital preparations anti-infective eye drops, 24.06% were contaminated. The number of eye drops used per person was statistically significant in triggering contamination. There is a possibility of number of eyedrops use person may trigger contamination.
{"title":"Microbial contamination of multiple-dose preservative-free hospital ophthalmic preparations in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Somporn Chantra , Pinyada Hathaisaard , Andrzej Grzybowski , Paisan Ruamviboonsuk","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>It is possible that preservative-free eye drops can be contaminated. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of microbial contamination of preservative-free hospital-prepared anti-infective eye drops and investigate factors that contribute to contamination. This finding may help to raise awareness of this problem to medical healthcare staff and patients in order to prevent the transmission of microorganisms from eye drops to the patients through treatment of pre-existing eye diseases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two hundred and ninety-five eye drop bottles were collected from patients attending Rajavithi Hospital Ophthalmologic outpatient and inpatient department, including both those used by patients at home and those administered in the hospital by medical staff. Samples were taken from the tips of droppers and bottles, and the residual fluid inside the bottles was then cultivated onto different culture plates. The culture results were identified and analyzed according to various factors related to both individual users and the bottles.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seven different types of eye drops were collected and 71 (24.06%) of the 295 bottles were contaminated. Vancomycin eye drops were the most contaminated. Twenty-six different types of pathogens were identified, most frequently mold (42.98%), and the amount of contamination was higher in tips than in residual fluid inside the bottle. There was no statistically significant difference in contamination between patients used eye drops collected in outpatient units (32.14%) and medical staff used eye drops collected in inpatient settings (23.22%). The only factor that was statistically significant was the number of eye drops used per person. We found that samples from patients who used only up to 2 eye drops suffered contamination (42.8%) more than those from their counterparts who used at least 3 (22.18%), <em>P</em> = 0.02.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Of these preservative-free hospital preparations anti-infective eye drops, 24.06% were contaminated. The number of eye drops used per person was statistically significant in triggering contamination. There is a possibility of number of eyedrops use person may trigger contamination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10577817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100036
Xingdi Wu , Katarzyna Konieczka , Xin Liu , Min Chen , Ke Yao , Kaijun Wang , Josef Flammer
Background
Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial disease in the pathogenesis of which intraocular pressure (IOP)-independent factors play a key role.
Main text
There is considerable evidence that impairment of the ocular blood flow (OBF) is involved both in the onset and progression of this disease. With the development of the hypothesis of OBF in NTG, various imaging techniques have been developed to evaluate the OBF and blood vessels. Moreover, vascular dysregulation, which is a main factor in Flammer syndrome, was frequently observed in NTG patients. Disturbed OBF leads to increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. These results suggested that IOP-independent management may provide alternative treatment options for NTG patients.
Conclusions
In this review, we mainly focus on the mechanisms of the abnormal OBF in NTG.
{"title":"Role of ocular blood flow in normal tension glaucoma","authors":"Xingdi Wu , Katarzyna Konieczka , Xin Liu , Min Chen , Ke Yao , Kaijun Wang , Josef Flammer","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial disease in the pathogenesis of which intraocular pressure (IOP)-independent factors play a key role.</p></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><p>There is considerable evidence that impairment of the ocular blood flow (OBF) is involved both in the onset and progression of this disease. With the development of the hypothesis of OBF in NTG, various imaging techniques have been developed to evaluate the OBF and blood vessels. Moreover, vascular dysregulation, which is a main factor in Flammer syndrome, was frequently observed in NTG patients. Disturbed OBF leads to increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. These results suggested that IOP-independent management may provide alternative treatment options for NTG patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In this review, we mainly focus on the mechanisms of the abnormal OBF in NTG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/ed/main.PMC10577859.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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