Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.09.002
Hao Yang , Xiyuan Ping , Yilei Cui , Sifan Zheng , Xingchao Shentu
Background
This study compared the role of autophagy regulators Rapamycin and 3-MA in oxidative damage and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) caused by two doses of Ultraviolet Radiation B (UVB).
Methods
HLECs were irradiated with UVB, and two doses of UVB damage models were constructed. After treatment with autophagy regulators, cell damage tests such as CCK-8, LDH activity, and Ros detection were performed. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA leve of secondary antioxidant enzymes.Flow cytometry was used to examine cell viability and apoptosis. Finally, the proportion of autophagy and apoptosis was observed by electron microscope.
Results
Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA promoted oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs at low doses of UVB (5 mJ/cm2), which corresponds to 1.3 h of exposure to sunlight in human eyes. Under the high dose of UVB (50mJ/cm2), which is equivalent to 13 h of exposure to sunlight in human eyes, the autophagy inducer Rapamycin caused more extensive oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs. 3-MA was able to reduce this damage, indicating that moderate autophagy is necessary for HLECs to cope with mild oxidative stress. For high dose UVB-induced oxidative stress, the use of 3-MA inhibiting autophagy is more beneficial to reduce cell damage and apoptosis. The mechanisms include degradation of damaged organelles, regulation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1, NQO1, GCS and regulation of apoptosis-related proteins.
Conclusions
Autophagy played different roles in HLECs oxidative stress induced by two doses of UVB. It provides new ideas for reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs to prevent or delay the progression of age-related cataract (ARC).
{"title":"Role of Rapamycin and 3-MA in oxidative damage of HLECs caused by two doses of UVB radiation","authors":"Hao Yang , Xiyuan Ping , Yilei Cui , Sifan Zheng , Xingchao Shentu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study compared the role of autophagy regulators Rapamycin and 3-MA in oxidative damage and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) caused by two doses of Ultraviolet Radiation B (UVB).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>HLECs were irradiated with UVB, and two doses of UVB damage models were constructed. After treatment with autophagy regulators, cell damage tests such as CCK-8, LDH activity, and Ros detection were performed. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA leve of secondary antioxidant enzymes.Flow cytometry was used to examine cell viability and apoptosis. Finally, the proportion of autophagy and apoptosis was observed by electron microscope.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA promoted oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs at low doses of UVB (5 mJ/cm2), which corresponds to 1.3 h of exposure to sunlight in human eyes. Under the high dose of UVB (50mJ/cm2), which is equivalent to 13 h of exposure to sunlight in human eyes, the autophagy inducer Rapamycin caused more extensive oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs. 3-MA was able to reduce this damage, indicating that moderate autophagy is necessary for HLECs to cope with mild oxidative stress. For high dose UVB-induced oxidative stress, the use of 3-MA inhibiting autophagy is more beneficial to reduce cell damage and apoptosis. The mechanisms include degradation of damaged organelles, regulation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1, NQO1, GCS and regulation of apoptosis-related proteins.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Autophagy played different roles in HLECs oxidative stress induced by two doses of UVB. It provides new ideas for reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs to prevent or delay the progression of age-related cataract (ARC).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/32/main.PMC10577839.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100065
Jie Wang , Ergang Du , FeiFei Li , Yunliang Zheng
Purpose
To observe the expression differences and potential effects of autophagy-related Beclin1 (mammalian Atg6) and Uncoordinated-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1) in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model.
Materials and methods
Thirty-three C57BL/6 mice in OIR model group were exposed to 75 ± 0.5% oxygen from postnatal day-of-life 7 (P7) to P12, and were then brought into normal room environment (relative hypoxia stage) and raised to P17. Thirty-three control mice were kept in a normal room environment. The expression of autophagy in the retina tissue was assessed by Western blot analysis. The thickness and ultrastructural of retina were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) on P17.
Results
In the hyperoxia stage (P8–P11), the expression of Beclin1, ULK1 and Autophagy 5 (Atg5) in retina showed no significant difference between the OIR model group and the control group. In the relatively hypoxia stage (P14 to P17), however, the protein level of Beclin1, ULK1, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were upregulated in the retina of the OIR model group, whereas B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was downregulated. The autophagosomes in the photoreceptors of retina in the OIR mice were observed. The inner-segment/out-segment (IS/OS) layer in OIR model group was thinner than that the control group on P17.
Conclusions
The expression of Beclin-1 and ULK1 in retina has changed in the OIR model, and the change of Beclin-1 and ULK1 expression is related to the change of oxygen concentration.
{"title":"Changes of Beclin-1 and ULK1 in retina of mice model in oxygen-inducedretinopathy","authors":"Jie Wang , Ergang Du , FeiFei Li , Yunliang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To observe the expression differences and potential effects of autophagy-related Beclin1 (mammalian Atg6) and Uncoordinated-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1) in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Thirty-three C57BL/6 mice in OIR model group were exposed to 75 ± 0.5% oxygen from postnatal day-of-life 7 (P7) to P12, and were then brought into normal room environment (relative hypoxia stage) and raised to P17. Thirty-three control mice were kept in a normal room environment. The expression of autophagy in the retina tissue was assessed by Western blot analysis. The thickness and ultrastructural of retina were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) on P17.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the hyperoxia stage (P8–P11), the expression of Beclin1, ULK1 and Autophagy 5 (Atg5) in retina showed no significant difference between the OIR model group and the control group. In the relatively hypoxia stage (P14 to P17), however, the protein level of Beclin1, ULK1, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were upregulated in the retina of the OIR model group, whereas B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was downregulated. The autophagosomes in the photoreceptors of retina in the OIR mice were observed. The inner-segment/out-segment (IS/OS) layer in OIR model group was thinner than that the control group on P17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The expression of Beclin-1 and ULK1 in retina has changed in the OIR model, and the change of Beclin-1 and ULK1 expression is related to the change of oxygen concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/9b/main.PMC10577824.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100075
Lixia Lou , Yijie Wang , Bingren Zhang , Yanli Jia , Wei Wang , Juan Ye
Purpose
Phantom eye pain (PEP) is a major clinical problem after eye removal with no standard treatment protocol to date. As pain is a multidimensional experience associated with emotional and cognitive components, this study aimed to explore the possible neuropsychological mechanisms of PEP in a perspective of emotional cognition, in order to provide a basis for clinical treatment.
Methods
Visual oddball event-related potentials (ERPs) under different external emotional stimuli (Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Happiness, Erotica and Neutral) were tested in 12 patients and 12 healthy volunteers. Participants' affective states were measured with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32), and the Plutchik–van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). The amplitudes and latencies of N1, P2, N2 and P3 components were analyzed by three-way ANOVA, i.e., group (2) × emotion (6) × electrode (3). Multiple comparisons were performed using Bonferroni's test.
Results
Longer N1 latencies, increased N1 amplitudes; shorter P2 latencies under Disgust and Happiness, decreased P2 amplitudes; shorter N2 latencies under Erotica, increased N2 amplitudes were found in patients compared with controls. There was no main effect of group or interaction effect on P3 latencies and P3 amplitudes. The MDQ and HCL-32 scores were lower, and the N1 latencies under Sadness were negatively correlated with PVP scores in patients.
Conclusions
PEP patients showed reversed patterns in exogenous attention allocation and enhanced involuntary attention to emotional stimuli compared with controls. This study demonstrated cortical processing of emotions in PEP patients and could provide a basis for developing emotional intervention therapy.
{"title":"Cerebral processing of emotions in phantom eye pain patients: An event related potential study","authors":"Lixia Lou , Yijie Wang , Bingren Zhang , Yanli Jia , Wei Wang , Juan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Phantom eye pain (PEP) is a major clinical problem after eye removal with no standard treatment protocol to date. As pain is a multidimensional experience associated with emotional and cognitive components, this study aimed to explore the possible neuropsychological mechanisms of PEP in a perspective of emotional cognition, in order to provide a basis for clinical treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Visual oddball event-related potentials (ERPs) under different external emotional stimuli (Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Happiness, Erotica and Neutral) were tested in 12 patients and 12 healthy volunteers. Participants' affective states were measured with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32), and the Plutchik–van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). The amplitudes and latencies of N1, P2, N2 and P3 components were analyzed by three-way ANOVA, i.e., group (2) × emotion (6) × electrode (3). Multiple comparisons were performed using Bonferroni's test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Longer N1 latencies, increased N1 amplitudes; shorter P2 latencies under Disgust and Happiness, decreased P2 amplitudes; shorter N2 latencies under Erotica, increased N2 amplitudes were found in patients compared with controls. There was no main effect of group or interaction effect on P3 latencies and P3 amplitudes. The MDQ and HCL-32 scores were lower, and the N1 latencies under Sadness were negatively correlated with PVP scores in patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PEP patients showed reversed patterns in exogenous attention allocation and enhanced involuntary attention to emotional stimuli compared with controls. This study demonstrated cortical processing of emotions in PEP patients and could provide a basis for developing emotional intervention therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/a2/main.PMC10577829.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of interventional time for 3% Diquafosol reatment in post-cataract surgery has not been well established. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the improvement of ocular surface condition in post-cataract surgery patients who received 3% DQS for various treatment durations.
Methods
Studies were performed based on 5 databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Data on changes in Schirmer’s test, tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal staining score, and OSDI score were collected for meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 621 affected eyes from 9 independent clinical studies were included. 6 studies conducted Schirmer's test after the application of 3% DQS. Meta-analysis showed that the difference between 3% DQS and control groups was not statistically significant for short-term application (less than or equal to 1 month) (WMD = 0.14, P = 0.27, 95% CI:-0.11 to 0.39), but was statistically different for long-term application (longer than or equal to 3 months) (WMD = 0.76, P = 0.03, 95% CI:0.08 to 1.45). For the corneal fluorescence staining score, the data from 6 studies indicated that the improvement was statistically significant for short-term application (WMD = -0.40, P <0.00001, 95% CI:-0.72 to -0.08) and but not long-term application (WMD = -0.21, P = 0.26, 95% CI:-0.57 to 0.15). For TBUT, the data from 9 studies indicated that both short-term and long-term application showed significant improvement (WMD = 1.70, P <0.00001, 95% CI:1.38 to 2.03; WMD = 1.52, P <0.00001, 95% CI:1.09 to 1.95). Similar results were observed in data from 5 studies with OSDI scores, where both short-term and long-term application showed statistically significant improvements (WMD = -5.41, P <0.00001, 95% CI: -7.02 to -3.81; WMD = -6.10, P <0.00001, 95% CI:-8.52 to -3.67).
Conclusions
The application of 3% DQS in post-operative cataract patients has a positive effect on improving the ocular surface conditions. Short-term application resulted in lower corneal staining scores, prolonged TBUT, and improved OSDI scores. Long-term application improved Schirmer's test results, TBUT, and subjective symptoms.
Key messages
The updated article suggests that 3% Diquafosol is less effective in the short term after cataract surgery, and that application over three months can improve the patient's ocular surface condition.
{"title":"The effect of 3% diquafosol on the improvement of ocular surface post cataract surgery: A meta-analysis for time of intervention","authors":"Yuhang Zhang , Ying Qi , Xiaohang Xie , Fengyan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The effect of interventional time for 3% Diquafosol reatment in post-cataract surgery has not been well established. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the improvement of ocular surface condition in post-cataract surgery patients who received 3% DQS for various treatment durations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Studies were performed based on 5 databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Data on changes in Schirmer’s test, tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal staining score, and OSDI score were collected for meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 621 affected eyes from 9 independent clinical studies were included. 6 studies conducted Schirmer's test after the application of 3% DQS. Meta-analysis showed that the difference between 3% DQS and control groups was not statistically significant for short-term application (less than or equal to 1 month) (WMD = 0.14, <em>P</em> = 0.27, 95% CI:-0.11 to 0.39), but was statistically different for long-term application (longer than or equal to 3 months) (WMD = 0.76, <em>P</em> = 0.03, 95% CI:0.08 to 1.45). For the corneal fluorescence staining score, the data from 6 studies indicated that the improvement was statistically significant for short-term application (WMD = -0.40, <em>P</em> <0.00001, 95% CI:-0.72 to -0.08) and but not long-term application (WMD = -0.21, <em>P</em> = 0.26, 95% CI:-0.57 to 0.15). For TBUT, the data from 9 studies indicated that both short-term and long-term application showed significant improvement (WMD = 1.70, <em>P</em> <0.00001, 95% CI:1.38 to 2.03; WMD = 1.52, <em>P</em> <0.00001, 95% CI:1.09 to 1.95). Similar results were observed in data from 5 studies with OSDI scores, where both short-term and long-term application showed statistically significant improvements (WMD = -5.41, <em>P</em> <0.00001, 95% CI: -7.02 to -3.81; WMD = -6.10, <em>P</em> <0.00001, 95% CI:-8.52 to -3.67).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The application of 3% DQS in post-operative cataract patients has a positive effect on improving the ocular surface conditions. Short-term application resulted in lower corneal staining scores, prolonged TBUT, and improved OSDI scores. Long-term application improved Schirmer's test results, TBUT, and subjective symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Key messages</h3><p>The updated article suggests that 3% Diquafosol is less effective in the short term after cataract surgery, and that application over three months can improve the patient's ocular surface condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/7d/main.PMC10577826.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100077
Junxia Fu , Lvchen Cao , Shihui Wei , Ming Xu , Yali Song , Huiqi Li , Yuxia You
Objective
Due to limited imaging conditions, the quality of fundus images is often unsatisfactory, especially for images photographed by handheld fundus cameras. Here, we have developed an automated method based on combining two mirror-symmetric generative adversarial networks (GANs) for image enhancement.
Methods
A total of 1047 retinal images were included. The raw images were enhanced by a GAN-based deep enhancer and another methods based on luminosity and contrast adjustment. All raw images and enhanced images were anonymously assessed and classified into 6 levels of quality classification by three experienced ophthalmologists. The quality classification and quality change of images were compared. In addition, image-detailed reading results for the number of dubiously pathological fundi were also compared.
Results
After GAN enhancement, 42.9% of images increased their quality, 37.5% remained stable, and 19.6% decreased. After excluding the images at the highest level (level 0) before enhancement, a large number (75.6%) of images showed an increase in quality classification, and only a minority (9.3%) showed a decrease. The GAN-enhanced method was superior for quality improvement over a luminosity and contrast adjustment method (P＜0.001). In terms of image reading results, the consistency rate fluctuated from 86.6% to 95.6%, and for the specific disease subtypes, both discrepancy number and discrepancy rate were less than 15 and 15%, for two ophthalmologists.
Conclusions
Learning the style of high-quality retinal images based on the proposed deep enhancer may be an effective way to improve the quality of retinal images photographed by handheld fundus cameras.
{"title":"A GAN-based deep enhancer for quality enhancement of retinal images photographed by a handheld fundus camera","authors":"Junxia Fu , Lvchen Cao , Shihui Wei , Ming Xu , Yali Song , Huiqi Li , Yuxia You","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Due to limited imaging conditions, the quality of fundus images is often unsatisfactory, especially for images photographed by handheld fundus cameras. Here, we have developed an automated method based on combining two mirror-symmetric generative adversarial networks (GANs) for image enhancement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 1047 retinal images were included. The raw images were enhanced by a GAN-based deep enhancer and another methods based on luminosity and contrast adjustment. All raw images and enhanced images were anonymously assessed and classified into 6 levels of quality classification by three experienced ophthalmologists. The quality classification and quality change of images were compared. In addition, image-detailed reading results for the number of dubiously pathological fundi were also compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After GAN enhancement, 42.9% of images increased their quality, 37.5% remained stable, and 19.6% decreased. After excluding the images at the highest level (level 0) before enhancement, a large number (75.6%) of images showed an increase in quality classification, and only a minority (9.3%) showed a decrease. The GAN-enhanced method was superior for quality improvement over a luminosity and contrast adjustment method (<em>P</em>＜0.001). In terms of image reading results, the consistency rate fluctuated from 86.6% to 95.6%, and for the specific disease subtypes, both discrepancy number and discrepancy rate were less than 15 and 15%, for two ophthalmologists.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Learning the style of high-quality retinal images based on the proposed deep enhancer may be an effective way to improve the quality of retinal images photographed by handheld fundus cameras.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/92/23/main.PMC10577846.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To analyse the differences between 30° blue autofluorescence (BAF30), 55° blue autofluorescence (BAF55) and 200° green Ultra-Wide Field autofluorescence (UWF200) imaging to detect retinal displacement (RD) after vitrectomy surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
Methods
This cross-sectional study considers forty-nine consecutive patients who underwent RRD surgery in the time period 4–8 months previous to image acquisition. The exclusion criteria contemplate previous retinal pathology, under 18-year-olds and non-assessable images in any of the 3 devices. These images were analysed by two masked graders that assessed either the presence or absence of retinal displacement. A third observer reviewed the images that presented discordance.
Results
A total of forty-nine patients were analysed. 7 eyes were excluded due to poor quality in either of the imaging modalities. The final analysis included 42 eyes of forty-two patients with a mean age of 60.3 ± 11.9 years. All patients underwent a 3 port 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy as the technique of choice. Any grade of RD was detectable in 45.2% of images. It was similar between BAF30 and UWF200 (42.9% of eyes). BAF55 showed RD to a lesser extent (38.1%). Agreement index between BAF30 and BAF55 was 0.901, 0.903 between BAF30 and UWF200 and 0.803 between BAF55 and UWF200. Kappa agreement index between graders was 0.775 for BAF30, 0.798 for BAF50 and 0.808 for UWF200 images.
Conclusions
All imaging modalities were able to detect RD after vitrectomy for RRD, with no inferiority of BAF30 and BAF55 over UWF200.
{"title":"Comparison between standard and wide-field autofluorescence in detection of retinal displacement after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery","authors":"Raquel Maroto Cejudo, Cristina Blanco Marchite , Teresa Prieto Morán , Sergio Copete Piqueras","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To analyse the differences between 30° blue autofluorescence (BAF30), 55° blue autofluorescence (BAF55) and 200° green Ultra-Wide Field autofluorescence (UWF200) imaging to detect retinal displacement (RD) after vitrectomy surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study considers forty-nine consecutive patients who underwent RRD surgery in the time period 4–8 months previous to image acquisition. The exclusion criteria contemplate previous retinal pathology, under 18-year-olds and non-assessable images in any of the 3 devices. These images were analysed by two masked graders that assessed either the presence or absence of retinal displacement. A third observer reviewed the images that presented discordance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of forty-nine patients were analysed. 7 eyes were excluded due to poor quality in either of the imaging modalities. The final analysis included 42 eyes of forty-two patients with a mean age of 60.3 ± 11.9 years. All patients underwent a 3 port 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy as the technique of choice. Any grade of RD was detectable in 45.2% of images. It was similar between BAF30 and UWF200 (42.9% of eyes). BAF55 showed RD to a lesser extent (38.1%). Agreement index between BAF30 and BAF55 was 0.901, 0.903 between BAF30 and UWF200 and 0.803 between BAF55 and UWF200. Kappa agreement index between graders was 0.775 for BAF30, 0.798 for BAF50 and 0.808 for UWF200 images.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>All imaging modalities were able to detect RD after vitrectomy for RRD, with no inferiority of BAF30 and BAF55 over UWF200.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/8b/main.PMC10577850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100066
Linyan Wang , Hong Fang , An Shao , Huina Zhang , Juan Ye
{"title":"Eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) diagnosed by next-generation sequencing: A case report and literature review","authors":"Linyan Wang , Hong Fang , An Shao , Huina Zhang , Juan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/36/main.PMC10577866.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S2667-3762(22)00059-2
{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2667-3762(22)00059-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2667-3762(22)00059-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376222000592/pdfft?md5=8aa0285fb9e8baf661d53dfdab33793a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667376222000592-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92031895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100064
Xintong Xu , Lindan Xie , Lili Wei , Meixuan Li , Hao Wang , Huanfen Zhou , Mingming Sun , Mo Yang , Quangang Xu , Kehu Yang , Shihui Wei
Background
Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab (RTX), eculizumab, inebilizumab, satralizumab, and tocilizumab have been found to be effective therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) in several clinical randomized controlled trials.
Objective
The purpose of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of NMOSD.
Methods
We searched the following databases for relevant English language literature from the establishment of the database to June 2021: PubMed, Embase, Cohorane Library, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials of monoclonal antibodies were the targets of the review.
Results
We included seven trials containing 775 patients (485 in the monoclonal antibody group and 290 in the control group). Patients in the monoclonal group (HR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.40, P < 0.00001), as well as patients with seropositive AQP4-IgG (HR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.29, P < 0.00001), both had a higher free recurrence rate than that in the control group. In the first year (HR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.71, P = 0.009) and the second year (HR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.81, P = 0.02), no relapses were documented. The average changes of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score decreased by 0.29 (95% CI: −0.09 to 0.51, P = 0.005). Upper respiratory tract infection (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 0.76 to 3.04, P = 0.24), urinary tract infection(OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.51 to 1.21, P = 0.27), and headache (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 0.78 to 2.17, P = 0.31) were three most frequent adverse reactions.
Conclusions
Monoclonal antibodies are particularly effective treatments in avoiding recurrence for NMOSD patients, according to this meta-analysis. The associated adverse responses are not significantly different from those seen with traditional immunosuppressants.
在一些临床随机对照试验中，单克隆抗体如利妥昔单抗(RTX)、eculizumab、inebilizumab、satralizumab和tocilizumab已被发现是治疗视神经脊髓炎(NMOSD)的有效方法。目的本荟萃分析的目的是评估单克隆抗体治疗NMOSD的疗效和安全性。方法检索自建库至2021年6月的相关英文文献:PubMed、Embase、Cohorane Library、Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central)和Web of Science。该综述的目标是单克隆抗体的随机对照试验。结果纳入7项试验，共775例患者(单克隆抗体组485例，对照组290例)。单克隆组患者(HR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14 ~ 0.40, P <0.00001)，以及血清AQP4-IgG阳性患者(HR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.11 ~ 0.29, P <0.00001)，两组游离复发率均高于对照组。第一年(HR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09 ~ 0.71, P = 0.009)和第二年(HR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13 ~ 0.81, P = 0.02)均无复发记录。扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)评分的平均变化减少了0.29 (95% CI:−0.09 ~ 0.51,P = 0.005)。上呼吸道感染(OR 1.52, 95% CI: 0.76 ~ 3.04, P = 0.24)、尿路感染(OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.51 ~ 1.21, P = 0.27)和头痛(OR 1.30, 95% CI: 0.78 ~ 2.17, P = 0.31)是三个最常见的不良反应。结论根据这项荟萃分析，单克隆抗体是避免NMOSD患者复发的有效治疗方法。相关的不良反应与传统免疫抑制剂的不良反应没有显著差异。
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A survival meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Xintong Xu , Lindan Xie , Lili Wei , Meixuan Li , Hao Wang , Huanfen Zhou , Mingming Sun , Mo Yang , Quangang Xu , Kehu Yang , Shihui Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab (RTX), eculizumab, inebilizumab, satralizumab, and tocilizumab have been found to be effective therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) in several clinical randomized controlled trials.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of NMOSD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched the following databases for relevant English language literature from the establishment of the database to June 2021: PubMed, Embase, Cohorane Library, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials of monoclonal antibodies were the targets of the review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included seven trials containing 775 patients (485 in the monoclonal antibody group and 290 in the control group). Patients in the monoclonal group (HR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.40, <em>P</em> < 0.00001), as well as patients with seropositive AQP4-IgG (HR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.29, <em>P</em> < 0.00001), both had a higher free recurrence rate than that in the control group. In the first year (HR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.71, <em>P</em> = 0.009) and the second year (HR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.81, <em>P</em> = 0.02), no relapses were documented. The average changes of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score decreased by 0.29 (95% CI: −0.09 to 0.51, <em>P</em> = 0.005). Upper respiratory tract infection (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 0.76 to 3.04, <em>P</em> = 0.24), urinary tract infection(OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.51 to 1.21, <em>P</em> = 0.27), and headache (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 0.78 to 2.17, <em>P</em> = 0.31) were three most frequent adverse reactions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Monoclonal antibodies are particularly effective treatments in avoiding recurrence for NMOSD patients, according to this meta-analysis. The associated adverse responses are not significantly different from those seen with traditional immunosuppressants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d0/d2/main.PMC10577852.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100078
Kai Jin, Juan Ye
Background
The ophthalmology field was among the first to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine. The availability of digitized ocular images and substantial data have made deep learning (DL) a popular topic.
Main text
At the moment, AI in ophthalmology is mostly used to improve disease diagnosis and assist decision-making aiming at ophthalmic diseases like diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract and other anterior segment diseases. However, most of the AI systems developed to date are still in the experimental stages, with only a few having achieved clinical applications. There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon, including security, privacy, poor pervasiveness, trust and explainability concerns.
Conclusions
This review summarizes AI applications in ophthalmology, highlighting significant clinical considerations for adopting AI techniques and discussing the potential challenges and future directions.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and deep learning in ophthalmology: Current status and future perspectives","authors":"Kai Jin, Juan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The ophthalmology field was among the first to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine. The availability of digitized ocular images and substantial data have made deep learning (DL) a popular topic.</p></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><p>At the moment, AI in ophthalmology is mostly used to improve disease diagnosis and assist decision-making aiming at ophthalmic diseases like diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract and other anterior segment diseases. However, most of the AI systems developed to date are still in the experimental stages, with only a few having achieved clinical applications. There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon, including security, privacy, poor pervasiveness, trust and explainability concerns.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This review summarizes AI applications in ophthalmology, highlighting significant clinical considerations for adopting AI techniques and discussing the potential challenges and future directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/e8/main.PMC10577833.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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