The present paper examines the level and correlates of unintended pregnancies among young women in the Islamic Republic of Iran using a sub-sample of 4,402 ever-married women aged between 15 and 24 from the 2010 Iran Multi-Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS). Multivariate analysis is then applied to the 2005 Iran Low Fertility Survey (ILFS) to explore the experience of pregnancy termination in young ages. The comparison of the outcomes of wanted and unintended pregnancies shows that the proportion of both induced and spontaneous abortions are significantly higher for unintended than for wanted pregnancies. The higher rates of abortion among the more recent pregnancy cohorts (1995-2005) indicate an increasing trend of pregnancy termination in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The paper concludes with a recommendation stressing the importance of continued provision of family planning services to young couples, in order to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy and to avoid unsafe and clandestine abortions that may cause numerous irreversible adverse effects on women's health.
{"title":"Unintended pregnancy among Iranian young women: incidence correlates and outcomes.","authors":"M. Hosseini-Chavoshi, M. Abbasi‐Shavazi","doi":"10.18356/922D178C-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/922D178C-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper examines the level and correlates of unintended pregnancies among young women in the Islamic Republic of Iran using a sub-sample of 4,402 ever-married women aged between 15 and 24 from the 2010 Iran Multi-Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS). Multivariate analysis is then applied to the 2005 Iran Low Fertility Survey (ILFS) to explore the experience of pregnancy termination in young ages. The comparison of the outcomes of wanted and unintended pregnancies shows that the proportion of both induced and spontaneous abortions are significantly higher for unintended than for wanted pregnancies. The higher rates of abortion among the more recent pregnancy cohorts (1995-2005) indicate an increasing trend of pregnancy termination in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The paper concludes with a recommendation stressing the importance of continued provision of family planning services to young couples, in order to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy and to avoid unsafe and clandestine abortions that may cause numerous irreversible adverse effects on women's health.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"95-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, first steps in developing a civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) research agenda are described, and an initial framework is presented for guiding discussion of research priorities. The paper also provides guidance on future CRVS research, including a matrix to identify key research questions for the improvement of CRVS systems.
{"title":"Towards a research agenda for civil registration and vital statistics in the Asia-Pacific region","authors":"C. AbouZahr, Mia Harbitz, Haishan Fu, R. Mitra","doi":"10.18356/658B0D93-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/658B0D93-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, first steps in developing a civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) research agenda are described, and an initial framework is presented for guiding discussion of research priorities. The paper also provides guidance on future CRVS research, including a matrix to identify key research questions for the improvement of CRVS systems.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"99-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67708533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Bangladesh, there appears to be high levels of modern contraceptive use but also high levels of adolescent childbearing. The present paper explores early marriage as a risk factor explaining early childbearing and mis timed pregnancies. Data collected from an adolescent survey of 11,609 girls between the ages 12-19 years are analysed in conjunction with in-depth interviews (n=12) with adolescents living in three dis tricts in South-Wes tern Bangladesh. Life his tories of girls who experienced an early pregnancy were explored to elucidate how high modern contraceptive use and replacement level fertility in the region coincided with high levels of unintended pregnancy.
{"title":"Early marriage as a risk factor for mistimed pregnancy among married adolescents in Bangladesh","authors":"Sigma Ainul, S. Amin","doi":"10.18356/0392D441-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/0392D441-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In Bangladesh, there appears to be high levels of modern contraceptive use but also high levels of adolescent childbearing. The present paper explores early marriage as a risk factor explaining early childbearing and mis timed pregnancies. Data collected from an adolescent survey of 11,609 girls between the ages 12-19 years are analysed in conjunction with in-depth interviews (n=12) with adolescents living in three dis tricts in South-Wes tern Bangladesh. Life his tories of girls who experienced an early pregnancy were explored to elucidate how high modern contraceptive use and replacement level fertility in the region coincided with high levels of unintended pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"7-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67669848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiayun Zuo, Chunyan Yu, C. Lou, X. Tu, Qiguo Lian, Ziliang Wang
Unwanted pregnancy, which is relatively common in China, usually leads to induced abortion. Although unmarried young women are at higher risk of delay in seeking an abortion, this population has rarely been studied in China. The present paper uses a survey of 1,271 unmarried women aged 15-24 years who sought an abortion in three cities in China. It was found that 20.5 per cent, 4.4 per cent and 4.9 per cent of unmarried women seeking abortions in Shanghai, Chengdu and Taiyuan, respectively, had done so after 10 weeks of pregnancy. The reasons for the delay in seeking an abortion were related to: the stages of suspecting and confirming the pregnancy; deciding on a course of action; and obtaining the services. Women were less likely to delay seeking an abortion if their partners were involved in the decision-making. Fearing condemnation, relatively few women informed parents of their pregnancy. The findings indicate the need for improved education on sexual and reproductive health and abortion services to increase the knowledge of young women and men and to improve the social support system.
{"title":"Factors affecting delay in obtaining an abortion among unmarried young women in three cities in China","authors":"Xiayun Zuo, Chunyan Yu, C. Lou, X. Tu, Qiguo Lian, Ziliang Wang","doi":"10.18356/758E5C7A-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/758E5C7A-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Unwanted pregnancy, which is relatively common in China, usually leads to induced abortion. Although unmarried young women are at higher risk of delay in seeking an abortion, this population has rarely been studied in China. The present paper uses a survey of 1,271 unmarried women aged 15-24 years who sought an abortion in three cities in China. It was found that 20.5 per cent, 4.4 per cent and 4.9 per cent of unmarried women seeking abortions in Shanghai, Chengdu and Taiyuan, respectively, had done so after 10 weeks of pregnancy. The reasons for the delay in seeking an abortion were related to: the stages of suspecting and confirming the pregnancy; deciding on a course of action; and obtaining the services. Women were less likely to delay seeking an abortion if their partners were involved in the decision-making. Fearing condemnation, relatively few women informed parents of their pregnancy. The findings indicate the need for improved education on sexual and reproductive health and abortion services to increase the knowledge of young women and men and to improve the social support system.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"35-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67714736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bangladesh experienced a significant reduction in fertility and mortality during the last three decades of the twentieth century, leading to a drastic change in the population structure. To date, the number of persons in productive ages by far exceeds the number in dependent ages. This creates a one-time opportunity to boost economic growth. The present paper examines the extent to which Bangladesh has taken advantage of this window of opportunity. It also identifies remaining challenges to exploiting this opportunity to further increase economic growth and development. The paper concludes that in order to reap benefits from this window of opportunity, Bangladesh must make critical investments in its human capital base, as well as improve infrastructure and the overall investment climate.
{"title":"Will Bangladesh seize or squander the economic opportunity offered by the demographic dividend","authors":"R. H. Chaudhury","doi":"10.18356/B3FC66A0-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/B3FC66A0-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh experienced a significant reduction in fertility and mortality during the last three decades of the twentieth century, leading to a drastic change in the population structure. To date, the number of persons in productive ages by far exceeds the number in dependent ages. This creates a one-time opportunity to boost economic growth. The present paper examines the extent to which Bangladesh has taken advantage of this window of opportunity. It also identifies remaining challenges to exploiting this opportunity to further increase economic growth and development. The paper concludes that in order to reap benefits from this window of opportunity, Bangladesh must make critical investments in its human capital base, as well as improve infrastructure and the overall investment climate.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"43-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67743366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. AbouZahr, C. Stein, N. Chapman, D. Toole, C. Lefranc, Kaushal Joshi, R. M. Hansen
In this series of articles, the role of universal civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems is examined as an essential tool for good governance and inclusive development. Fully functional CRVS systems generate valuable data and contribute to strengthened administrative systems and improved service delivery. Ultimately, CRVS systems furnish the administrative backbone for sustainable and inclusive development and are fundamental to the realization of human rights and the efficient provision of social protection.
{"title":"A development imperative: civil registration and vital statistics systems in the Asia-Pacific region","authors":"C. AbouZahr, C. Stein, N. Chapman, D. Toole, C. Lefranc, Kaushal Joshi, R. M. Hansen","doi":"10.18356/B528561C-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/B528561C-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In this series of articles, the role of universal civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems is examined as an essential tool for good governance and inclusive development. Fully functional CRVS systems generate valuable data and contribute to strengthened administrative systems and improved service delivery. Ultimately, CRVS systems furnish the administrative backbone for sustainable and inclusive development and are fundamental to the realization of human rights and the efficient provision of social protection.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"9-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67743411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence from India suggests that increasing proportions of young women initiate sexual activity early in their lives, but consistent contraceptive use is rare among them, which, in many cases, is leading to unintended pregnancies and sometimes even an abortion. However, little is known about the contraceptive use patterns of adolescents and young women who undergo an abortion as a result of an unintended pregnancy. The present paper is aimed at better understanding the contraceptive practices of young abortion –seekers aged 15-24 years. To do this, it uses data drawn from a facility-based study in two Indian states, Bihar and Jharkhand, of 549 unmarried and 246 married young abortion-seekers aged 15-24. The survey results suggest that similar proportions (16-19 per cent) of unmarried and married adolescents had practiced contraception at the time of both their first and last sexual encounter, and that while many more intended to practice contraception post-abortion, significantly fewer unmarried than married young women intended to do so (42 per cent versus 57 per cent). To address this, the paper recommends comprehensive sexuality education to increase the knowledge about reproductive health among adolescents, as well as to sensitize health-care providers about providing adolescent-friendly services, including to those that are not married.
{"title":"Contraceptive use and intentions among unmarried and married young women undergoing abortion in Bihar and Jharkhand, India","authors":"A. J. Zavier, S. Jejeebhoy","doi":"10.18356/133B1D9A-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/133B1D9A-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence from India suggests that increasing proportions of young women initiate sexual activity early in their lives, but consistent contraceptive use is rare among them, which, in many cases, is leading to unintended pregnancies and sometimes even an abortion. However, little is known about the contraceptive use patterns of adolescents and young women who undergo an abortion as a result of an unintended pregnancy. The present paper is aimed at better understanding the contraceptive practices of young abortion –seekers aged 15-24 years. To do this, it uses data drawn from a facility-based study in two Indian states, Bihar and Jharkhand, of 549 unmarried and 246 married young abortion-seekers aged 15-24. The survey results suggest that similar proportions (16-19 per cent) of unmarried and married adolescents had practiced contraception at the time of both their first and last sexual encounter, and that while many more intended to practice contraception post-abortion, significantly fewer unmarried than married young women intended to do so (42 per cent versus 57 per cent). To address this, the paper recommends comprehensive sexuality education to increase the knowledge about reproductive health among adolescents, as well as to sensitize health-care providers about providing adolescent-friendly services, including to those that are not married.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"51-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67675104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined the association between pregnancy intention among young Filipino women and prenatal, delivery and postnatal outcomes. Data were drawn from the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, a nationally representative survey of 19,178 Filipino youth aged between 15 and 24. The analytic sample consists of 2,264 live births in the two years prior to the survey. The survey shows that 38.7 per cent of births were unintended at the time of conception: 23.1 per cent were mistimed while 15.6 per cent were unwanted. Proportionately, more unintended births were borne by mothers who were teenagers, unmarried, college-educated, urban and Metro Manila residents than their counterparts. There were also more unintended births among first-order births than among subsequent births. Logistic regression results show that compared with mothers of intended births, mothers of mistimed and unwanted births were more likely to have attempted to abort their pregnancy. Mothers of mistimed births are also less likely to have begun prenatal care within the first trimester of pregnancy than mothers of intended births. The findings suggest that unintended pregnancy is an important consideration in interventions aimed at improving maternal and child health but further studies are needed to fully explore the dynamics between unintended pregnancy and maternal health outcomes.
{"title":"Unintended pregnancies and prenatal, delivery and postnatal outcomes among young women in the Philippines","authors":"Maria Paz N. Marque","doi":"10.18356/9CEE1F69-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9CEE1F69-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the association between pregnancy intention among young Filipino women and prenatal, delivery and postnatal outcomes. Data were drawn from the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, a nationally representative survey of 19,178 Filipino youth aged between 15 and 24. The analytic sample consists of 2,264 live births in the two years prior to the survey. The survey shows that 38.7 per cent of births were unintended at the time of conception: 23.1 per cent were mistimed while 15.6 per cent were unwanted. Proportionately, more unintended births were borne by mothers who were teenagers, unmarried, college-educated, urban and Metro Manila residents than their counterparts. There were also more unintended births among first-order births than among subsequent births. Logistic regression results show that compared with mothers of intended births, mothers of mistimed and unwanted births were more likely to have attempted to abort their pregnancy. Mothers of mistimed births are also less likely to have begun prenatal care within the first trimester of pregnancy than mothers of intended births. The findings suggest that unintended pregnancy is an important consideration in interventions aimed at improving maternal and child health but further studies are needed to fully explore the dynamics between unintended pregnancy and maternal health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"71-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67730856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper reports on a case study that investigated under what circumstances households use migration to cope with climate variability and food insecurity. Fieldwork was conducted in three communities in Dong Thap Province in the Upper Mekong Delta in Viet Nam. Methods used included a household survey (N=150), participatory research tools and key informant interviews. Ninety per cent of the survey respondents reported that climate-related stressors, such as floods, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, had adversely affected their livelihoods. Those effects, however, were more often qualified as being “moderate” rather than being “severe”, and for the survey population as a whole, no evidence was found that climatic stressors were principal drivers of migration from the area. The Upper Mekong Delta in Viet Nam is undergoing rapid economic development, with increasing migration mostly being driven by demand for labour in industrial centres. However, an analysis differentiated by income groups reveals that poorer households with little or no land are much more likely to be severely affected by climatic stressors than non-poor households. Their ability to cope and adapt locally is limited, and migration, which in most cases tends to be internal, is a common alternative. The present paper shows the importance of disaggregating climate impacts and migration causes for different socioeconomic groups.
{"title":"Internal migration in the upper mekong delta, viet nam: what is the role of climate related stressors?","authors":"K. Geest, K. V. Nguyen, T. Nguyen","doi":"10.18356/7B7D7273-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/7B7D7273-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reports on a case study that investigated under what circumstances households use migration to cope with climate variability and food insecurity. Fieldwork was conducted in three communities in Dong Thap Province in the Upper Mekong Delta in Viet Nam. Methods used included a household survey (N=150), participatory research tools and key informant interviews. Ninety per cent of the survey respondents reported that climate-related stressors, such as floods, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, had adversely affected their livelihoods. Those effects, however, were more often qualified as being “moderate” rather than being “severe”, and for the survey population as a whole, no evidence was found that climatic stressors were principal drivers of migration from the area. The Upper Mekong Delta in Viet Nam is undergoing rapid economic development, with increasing migration mostly being driven by demand for labour in industrial centres. However, an analysis differentiated by income groups reveals that poorer households with little or no land are much more likely to be severely affected by climatic stressors than non-poor households. Their ability to cope and adapt locally is limited, and migration, which in most cases tends to be internal, is a common alternative. The present paper shows the importance of disaggregating climate impacts and migration causes for different socioeconomic groups.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"25-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. G. López, T. Sejersen, Nicholas Oakeshott, G. Fajth, T. Khilji, Nicoleta Panta
In this paper, the impacts of civil registration are examined as they relate to the realization of human rights and access to social protection, using examples from countries in the Asian and Pacific region.
本文以亚太地区国家为例，考察了民事登记对实现人权和获得社会保护的影响。
{"title":"Civil registration, human rights, and social protection in Asia and the Pacific","authors":"L. G. López, T. Sejersen, Nicholas Oakeshott, G. Fajth, T. Khilji, Nicoleta Panta","doi":"10.18356/BA046677-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/BA046677-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the impacts of civil registration are examined as they relate to the realization of human rights and access to social protection, using examples from countries in the Asian and Pacific region.","PeriodicalId":72317,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific population journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"75-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67748157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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