Advanced Powder Technology最新文献_第10页

A comprehensive strategy for enhanced thermoelectric properties of ZnO ceramics by doped Fe and composite C 掺杂铁和复合C增强ZnO陶瓷热电性能的综合策略

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105130

Yan Peng , Shuoying Liu , Xueli Du

Znic oxide (ZnO) is a promising environmentally friendly thermoelectric material, however, its commercial applications are constrained by low electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. This study adopted a simple and scalable hydrothermal method to synthesize Fe-doped and C-coated (acetylene black as carbon source) ZnO powders, which were then sintered in an argon atmosphere at 1000 ℃ to fabricate ZnO-based composite ceramics with enhanced thermoelectric performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the doped Fe and coated C enhanced electrical transport, and reduced the thermal conductivity of ZnO, the highest figure of merit (ZT_max) 0.91 at 800 K was obtained from Zn_0.997Fe_0.003O/0.3 at %C. Hall effect measurements confirm that Fe and C effectively increased the carrier concentration. Additionally, the coated C improved the connection between matrix grains, and enhanced carrier mobility. Photoluminescence analysis of pure ZnO and ZnO/C particles reveals that the coated C effectively quenched the oxygen vacancies on the ZnO grain surface, thus released the trapped electrons. Furthermore, the sample Zn_0.997Fe_0.003O/0.3 at %C exhibits a notable low thermal conductivity about 2.85 Wm^-1K⁻¹ at 800 K. Overall, this is a practical method to optimize the thermoelectric properties of ZnO materials.

氧化锌（ZnO）是一种很有前途的环境友好型热电材料，但其商业应用受到低导电性和高导热性的限制。本研究采用简单、可扩展的水热法合成了掺杂铁、包覆c（乙炔黑为碳源）的ZnO粉体，并将其在1000℃氩气气氛中烧结，制备了热电性能增强的ZnO基复合陶瓷。实验结果表明，掺杂Fe和包覆C增强了ZnO的电输运，降低了ZnO的导热系数，zn0.9997 fe0.0030 o /0.3在800k时的优值（ZTmax）为0.91。霍尔效应测量证实，Fe和C有效地增加了载流子浓度。此外，涂层C改善了基体晶粒之间的连接，提高了载流子迁移率。对纯ZnO和ZnO/C粒子的光致发光分析表明，包覆的C有效地淬灭了ZnO晶粒表面的氧空位，从而释放了被困电子。此外，样品zn0.9997 fe0.0030 o /0.3 （%C）在800 K时表现出明显的低导热系数，约为2.85 Wm-1K−1。总之，这是一种优化ZnO材料热电性能的实用方法。

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引用次数: 0

Full title (Editorial Board Members) 全称（编委成员）

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/S0921-8831(25)00359-0

引用次数: 0

Process analysis and densification for magnetic pulse radial compaction of w-cu mixed powder using multi-particle finite element method 磁脉冲径向压实钨铜混合粉末的过程分析与致密化

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105092

Fenqiang Li , Jiawei Shu , Qianting Wang , Xin Xu , Xinyu Chen , Jun Zhao

Magnetic pulse radial compaction (MPRC) is a high-speed powder consolidation technique capable of producing high-density green compacts. In this study, the MPRC process of W-Cu mixed powder was systematically investigated using a three-dimensional multi-particle finite element method. The influence of key process parameters — including discharge voltage, copper content and interfacial friction — on the densification behavior was quantitatively analyzed. The particle deformation mechanisms and pore closure behavior were also thoroughly examined. The results indicate that the MPRC densification process occurs in three distinct stages. In the initial stage, intense impact forces induce simultaneous particle rearrangement and elastoplastic deformation. This is followed by a second stage characterized by dominant large-scale plastic deformation with minimal further rearrangement. In the final stage, local vibrations and magnetic-induced expansions result in a slight reduction in relative density. It was found that both the uniformity of powder mixing and the evolution of force chain networks significantly affect densification. The rigid structure of tungsten particles tends to retain porosity, whereas the highly deformable copper particles promote densification through effective pore filling. Additionally, the radial density distribution of the compact is governed by the interaction between the incident stress wave from the outer shell and the reflected wave from the inner mandrel. Increasing the discharge voltage and Cu content leads to higher relative density, while higher friction coefficients impede densification. These findings provide theoretical insights into the design and optimization of MPRC processes for fabricating high-performance W-Cu composite components.

磁脉冲径向压实（MPRC）是一种高速粉末压实技术，能够生产高密度的绿色压实材料。本文采用三维多粒子有限元方法对钨铜混合粉末的MPRC过程进行了系统研究。定量分析了放电电压、铜含量、界面摩擦等关键工艺参数对致密化行为的影响。研究了颗粒的变形机制和孔隙闭合行为。结果表明，MPRC致密化过程分为三个不同的阶段。在初始阶段，强烈的冲击力同时引起颗粒重排和弹塑性变形。其次是第二阶段，其特点是主要的大规模塑性变形与最小的进一步重排。在最后阶段，局部振动和磁致膨胀导致相对密度略有降低。结果表明，粉末混合均匀性和力链网络的演化对致密化有显著影响。钨颗粒的刚性结构倾向于保持孔隙度，而铜颗粒的高变形性通过有效的孔隙填充促进致密化。此外，致密体的径向密度分布是由来自外壳的入射应力波和来自内芯轴的反射波之间的相互作用决定的。随着放电电压和Cu含量的增加，合金的相对密度增大，而摩擦系数的增加阻碍了合金的致密化。这些发现为设计和优化MPRC工艺以制造高性能W-Cu复合材料部件提供了理论见解。

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引用次数: 0

A thermal-fluid model coupling VOSET-IBM-DEM method for simulating nucleate boiling in particle-laden fluids 热流体模型耦合VOSET-IBM-DEM方法模拟颗粒流体中核沸腾

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105086

Xin Chen, Bifeng Yin, Xiaoxiang Li, Ying Zhang, Sheng Xu, Fei Dong

This paper presents a coupled VOSET-IBM-DEM method on a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian framework to simulate particle-laden pool boiling. Combination of an interface capturing method (VOSET) and Lee mass transfer model is implemented to track the vapor–liquid interface during phase change in the Eulerian frame. An immersed boundary method is adopted to describe the interactions between fluids and particles. A discrete element method is coupled to solve the motion of the dispersed particle in the Lagrangian frame. An “extension” equation is incorporated into VOSET to achieve the contact-angle boundary condition. To ensure that the heat flux at the fluid–solid interface satisfies the thermal relation, an interfacial heat conduction model is incorporated into the energy equation. Several validation tests were conducted, demonstrating good agreement with theoretical, prior simulation, and experimental results. The model was then applied to simulate particle-laden pool boiling, investigating the effect of particle deposition. When the density ratio k_ρ ≥ 2, particle deposition leads to a reduction in nucleation sites and a decrease in boiling intensity. The heat conduction effect induced by particle deposition is greater than the evaporation effect caused by liquid–vapor phase change. As particle density increases, the particle deposition effect becomes more pronounced, resulting in a decrease in the average temperature of the heated surface and an increase in the average heat flux during the steady stage.

本文提出了在欧拉-拉格朗日混合框架下的VOSET-IBM-DEM耦合方法来模拟含颗粒池沸腾过程。结合界面捕获法（VOSET）和Lee传质模型，在欧拉坐标系中跟踪气液界面相变过程。采用浸入边界法描述流体与颗粒之间的相互作用。结合离散元法求解拉格朗日坐标系中分散粒子的运动。在VOSET中引入一个“扩展”方程来实现接触角边界条件。为了保证流固界面处的热流密度满足热学关系，在能量方程中引入了界面热传导模型。进行了几次验证试验，证明与理论、先前模拟和实验结果吻合良好。将该模型应用于含颗粒池沸腾模拟，研究颗粒沉积对池沸腾的影响。当密度比kρ≥2时，颗粒沉积导致成核位置减少，沸腾强度降低。颗粒沉积引起的热传导效应大于液-气相变引起的蒸发效应。随着颗粒密度的增大，颗粒沉积效应更加明显，导致受热面平均温度降低，稳定阶段平均热流密度增大。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the use of silica extracted from industrial waste with an ultrasonic bath and modifications to the aging stage in the synthesis of ZSM-5 and its application in pyrolysis 评价超声波浴法提取工业废渣中二氧化硅在ZSM-5合成及热解中的应用

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105098

Camila Ottonelli Calgaro , Mirian Dosolina Fuzinatto , Shayla Santos Lopes , Taliana Tronco , Diego Gil de los Santos , Daniel Assumpção Bertuol , Pedro José Sanches Filho

Rice husk ash is an industrial residue composed essentially of silica that can be used as an alternative source of silica for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite. This study aimed to obtain ZSM-5 zeolite without organic structure-directing agents, evaluating the use of silica extracted from industrial rice husks using an ultrasonic bath. The effect of ultrasound was also evaluated in the aging stage of the zeolite. The catalytic potential of the synthesized zeolite was measured in the pyrolysis of rice husks. XRF, XRD, BET, and SEM-EDS characterization were performed on the synthesized zeolites. It was possible to obtain the ZSM-5 zeolite under all the synthesis conditions studied. Still, the silica extraction method and the aging method were decisive for the formation of the crystalline phase and the surface area of the synthesized zeolite. The use of silica extracted with an ultrasonic bath promoted the most crystalline ZSM-5 phase in the samples and the highest surface areas. The ZU3 zeolite had the highest BET surface area of 277.5 m²/g, which was attributed to the use of ultrasound. The application of ZU3 zeolite increased the gas phase production in rice husk pyrolysis to 45 % due to its action in cracking reactions.

稻壳灰是一种主要由二氧化硅组成的工业废渣，可以作为合成ZSM-5沸石的二氧化硅的替代来源。本研究旨在获得不含有机结构导向剂的ZSM-5沸石，并利用超声波浴对工业稻壳中提取的二氧化硅进行了评价。并对超声波在沸石老化阶段的作用进行了评价。测定了合成的沸石在稻壳热解过程中的催化电位。对合成的沸石进行了XRF、XRD、BET和SEM-EDS表征。在所研究的所有合成条件下均可得到ZSM-5分子筛。此外，二氧化硅萃取法和时效法对合成沸石的晶相形成和表面积有决定性的影响。使用超声浴提取的二氧化硅促进了样品中最结晶的ZSM-5相和最高的表面积。ZU3沸石的BET比表面积最高，为277.5 m2/g，这是超声作用的结果。ZU3沸石的应用使稻壳热解气相产率提高到45%，这是由于它在裂化反应中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Quality and process-performance monitoring in the pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms with statistical control from process variables and near-infrared spectroscopy 用工艺变量和近红外光谱进行统计控制的口服固体剂型制药连续生产中的质量和工艺性能监测

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105075

Toshiki Yamaoka , Hideo Takashima , Kohei Tahara

We developed a statistical control approach combining process variables and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to detect deviations in the continuous manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms. Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) models were independently developed for process variables during wet granulation and drying, as well as for NIR spectral data. Data obtained from a laboratory-scale continuous manufacturing unit (ConsiGma™-1) were used to construct principal component analysis based MSPC models, enabling identification of abnormal batches via calculated Hotelling’s T² and Q statistics. The combined use of NIR and process variable monitoring for the MSPC technique enabled the accurate detection of process deviations and product quality defects, demonstrating its effectiveness. In batches with altered formulation ratios, defects were successfully detected through an MSPC chart from NIR spectra, highlighting the sensitivity of NIR-based analyses. In batches with intentional changes in the process variable settings, deviations were identified by the MSPC of the process variables. This paper presents a robust framework for ensuring the consistent quality of drug products and process performance in continuous manufacturing by leveraging the complementary strengths of NIR and process variable monitoring for MSPC. The proposed method addresses the limitations of traditional batch monitoring and offers improved sensitivity in variation detection.

我们开发了一种结合工艺变量和近红外（NIR）光谱的统计控制方法来检测口服固体剂型连续生产中的偏差。针对湿制粒和干燥过程变量以及近红外光谱数据，独立开发了多元统计过程控制（MSPC）模型。从实验室规模的连续制造单元（conigma™-1）获得的数据用于构建基于主成分分析的MSPC模型，通过计算Hotelling的T2和Q统计量来识别异常批次。结合使用近红外和过程变量监测的MSPC技术，能够准确检测过程偏差和产品质量缺陷，证明其有效性。在配方比例改变的批次中，通过近红外光谱的MSPC图成功检测到缺陷，突出了基于近红外光谱分析的敏感性。在有意改变工艺变量设置的批次中，偏差由工艺变量的MSPC识别。本文提出了一个强大的框架，通过利用NIR和MSPC过程变量监控的互补优势，确保连续生产中药品质量和工艺性能的一致性。该方法解决了传统批量监测的局限性，提高了变异检测的灵敏度。

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引用次数: 0

Measurement of interparticle forces in two-dimensional granular systems using the Virtual Fields Method and Localized Spectrum Analysis 用虚场法和局域谱分析测量二维颗粒系统中的粒子间力

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105079

Kunanon Jongchansitto , Xavier Balandraud , Benoit Blaysat , Michel Grédiac , Thomas Jailin , Jean-Benoit Le Cam , Pawarut Jongchansitto , Itthichai Preechawuttipong

The paper proposes a new experimental technique to measure interparticle contact forces in two-dimensional (2D) granular media comprising opaque particles. The technique used to identify the forces is the Virtual Fields Method (VFM), which uses the weak form of the local equilibrium equation. The high-resolution strain fields required for identification are measured within the particles using Localized Spectrum Analysis (LSA), based on a checkerboard marking previously engraved on each particle. Applications are performed on systems composed of one hundred cylindrical particles in polyamide 66 (PA66) under quasi-static confined compression. The paper first describes the methodology to properly identify the contact forces. Next, the focus is on the statistical distributions of normal and tangential forces in monodisperse, bidisperse and tridisperse systems. Weak and strong force networks in bidisperse and tridisperse systems follow power law and exponential decay, respectively. The maximum tangential-to-normal force ratio approximates the coefficient of friction, with few exceptions. Contact force redistributions during macroscopic displacement are highlighted in tridisperse system, revealing rapid changes in forces exerted on the vertical walls. Based on various validations, including comparisons with discrete element method simulations, the study demonstrates the feasibility of VFM and LSA for measuring interparticle contact forces in 2D granular systems.

本文提出了一种新的实验技术来测量由不透明颗粒组成的二维颗粒介质中的颗粒间接触力。用于识别力的技术是虚场法（VFM），它使用局部平衡方程的弱形式。识别所需的高分辨率应变场是使用局部光谱分析（LSA）在颗粒内测量的，基于之前刻在每个颗粒上的棋盘标记。应用于聚酰胺66 （PA66）在准静态约束压缩下由100个圆柱形颗粒组成的系统。本文首先介绍了正确识别接触力的方法。接下来，重点是在单分散，双分散和三分散系统的法向和切向力的统计分布。双分散和三分散系统中的弱和强力网络分别遵循幂律和指数衰减。切向力与法向力的最大比值近似于摩擦系数，几乎没有例外。在三分散系统中，宏观位移过程中的接触力重分布是突出的，揭示了施加在垂直壁上的力的快速变化。基于各种验证，包括与离散元法模拟的比较，研究证明了VFM和LSA用于测量二维颗粒系统中颗粒间接触力的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

A Dual-Functional Ni-MCr LDH nanostructure utilized for degradation of Meropenem antibiotic pollutant: Synthesis and physiochemical Characterizations toward development of a novel chemical mechanism 一种用于降解美罗培南抗生素污染物的双功能Ni-MCr LDH纳米结构：合成和理化表征，以开发新的化学机制

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105084

Seyed Ali Hosseini, Mohammad Kazemeini, Alireza Mohammadi

A novel layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalyst was synthesized using a metal–organic framework (MIL) as a precursor. It was used to remove Meropenem (MER) drug from a contaminated pharmaceutical waste through synergistic adsorption–photocatalytic degradation. The catalyst achieved a maximum degradation efficiency of 96.05 % using 50 mg of catalyst under UV light irradiation (30 min in the dark, followed by 150 min of illumination). The catalyst was thoroughly characterized, and its removal efficiency was evaluated under varying conditions, including catalyst dosage, MER concentration, pH, and temperature. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism, while the photocatalytic degradation of MER fit well with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the endothermic nature of the process. The adsorption equilibrium was best described by the Temkin isotherm. A detailed degradation mechanism was proposed based upon HPLC–MS/MS analysis, providing a structured and comprehensive interpretation of the degradation pathway. Scavenging experiments identified singlet oxygen (¹O₂) as the dominant reactive species, followed by •O₂⁻, whereas •OH and h⁺ had minor effects. The catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, with only a 5.5 % decline in removal efficiency (from 96.05 % to 90.59 %) over five successive cycles. Post-reaction analyses confirmed its structural stability and recyclability.

以金属-有机骨架（MIL）为前驱体合成了一种新型层状双氢氧化物（LDH）催化剂。采用吸附-光催化协同降解的方法对受污染的医药废弃物中的美罗培南进行了脱除。在紫外光照射下（黑暗30 min，光照150 min），催化剂用量为50 mg，降解效率达到96.05%。对催化剂进行了全面表征，并在催化剂用量、MER浓度、pH和温度等不同条件下对其去除率进行了评价。吸附动力学符合准二级模型，表明其为化学吸附机理，而光催化降解MER则符合准一级动力学模型。热力学分析揭示了该过程的吸热性质。吸附平衡最好用Temkin等温线来描述。基于HPLC-MS /MS分析，提出了详细的降解机制，为降解途径提供了结构化和全面的解释。清除实验发现，单重态氧（1O2）是主要的活性物质，其次是•O2−，而•OH和h+的影响较小。该催化剂具有良好的可重复使用性，在连续5次循环中，去除率仅下降5.5%（从96.05%降至90.59%）。反应后分析证实了其结构稳定性和可回收性。

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引用次数: 0

Non-fluorinated superhydrophobic modified calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers: Surface characterization and property analysis 非氟化超疏水改性硫酸钙半水晶须：表面表征和性能分析

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105087

Jiahuan Rao, Jiazhan Wei, Jiawei Wen, Yao Tian

Superhydrophobic materials have demonstrated significant practical applications, inorganic whiskers have emerged as a preferred material for superhydrophobic applications, owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties. This paper reports a simple method for modifying the surface of hydrophilic calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers (CSHWs). The CSHWs were surface-modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to achieve non-fluorinated superhydrophobic properties. The SiO₂ generated by TEOS hydrolysis grows on the CSHWs surface in situ to form micro- and nano-structures, increasing the number of active sites. Combined with HDTMS low-surface-energy modification, superhydrophobicity is achieved. After modification, the static contact angle of the CSHWs increased from 0° to 162.22°. The whiskers’ morphology and phase composition remained unchanged before and after modification. TEOS and HDTMS chemically bonded to the surface through Ca-O-Si and Si-O-Si bonds. The modified CSHWs exhibit excellent thermal stability, hydrophobic stability, self-cleaning properties, and chemical stability. Even after calcination at 250 °C for one hour, ultrasonication in an aqueous solution for three hours, or immersion in 12 pH NaOH solution or 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for six hours, 2 pH HCl solution for two hours, the CSHWs still exhibit stable superhydrophobicity and oil–water separation performance.

超疏水材料已经显示出重要的实际应用，无机晶须由于其特殊的物理化学性质而成为超疏水应用的首选材料。本文报道了一种对亲水硫酸钙半水晶须（CSHWs）表面进行改性的简单方法。采用正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）和十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对cshw进行表面改性，获得了非氟超疏水性能。TEOS水解生成的SiO2在CSHWs表面原位生长，形成微纳米结构，增加了活性位点的数量。结合HDTMS低表面能改性，实现了超疏水性。改进后的cshw静态接触角由0°增加到162.22°。改性前后晶须的形貌和相组成基本不变。TEOS和HDTMS通过Ca-O-Si和Si-O-Si键与表面化学键合。改性cshw具有优异的热稳定性、疏水性、自清洁性能和化学稳定性。即使在250℃下煅烧1小时，在水溶液中超声处理3小时，或在12 pH NaOH溶液或3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中浸泡6小时，在2 pH HCl溶液中浸泡2小时，cshw仍表现出稳定的超疏水性和油水分离性能。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of Ag-NPs decorated SnO2 for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Eosin B based on central composite design 基于中心复合设计的Ag-NPs修饰SnO2光催化降解伊红B的研究

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Advanced Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105068

Zahra Abdollahi Joobani, S. Siamak Ashraf Talesh

The photocatalytic degradation performance of Eosin B using synthesized pure and silver nanoparticles (xAg-NPs) decorated tin dioxide (SnO₂) were investigated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, TEM, FESEM, EDS, and elemental mapping. XRD analysis confirmed that both SnO₂ and Ag-SnO₂ nanoparticles possess crystalline structures, with average sizes of 15 and 13 nm, respectively. TEM images revealed that the tetragonal morphology of SnO₂ nanoparticles changed to spherical with Ag-NPs decoration. Furthermore, the band-gap of the particles decreased from 3.6 to 3.4 eV after decoration with Ag-NPs to SnO₂. The photocatalytic process was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central-composite design (CCD), considering four independent factors. Various operational variables, such as initial dye concentration (10–30 mg/l), pH (4–10), catalyst amount (40–200 mg), and irradiation time (60–240 min), were considered to identify the optimal conditions for the photodegradation of Eosin B. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to detect the influential factors and their significance levels. Process optimization revealed that the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 100 % was obtained at an irradiation time, pH, catalyst amount, and dye concentration of 239.8 min, 6.74, 185.6 mg, and 10.0 mg/l, respectively. The degradation reactions corresponded well with first-order kinetics.

研究了合成的纯银纳米粒子（xAg-NPs）和修饰的氧化锡（SnO2）光催化降解伊红B的性能。采用紫外-可见分光光度计、XRD、TEM、FESEM、EDS和元素图对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征。XRD分析证实，SnO2和Ag-SnO2纳米颗粒均具有晶体结构，平均尺寸分别为15 nm和13 nm。TEM图像显示，氧化锡纳米粒子的四边形形貌在Ag-NPs的修饰下变为球形。Ag-NPs修饰SnO2后，粒子的带隙从3.6 eV减小到3.4 eV。采用基于中心复合设计（CCD）的响应面法（RSM）对光催化过程进行了评价，并考虑了四个独立因素。考察了初始染料浓度（10 ~ 30 mg/l）、pH（4 ~ 10）、催化剂用量（40 ~ 200 mg）、照射时间（60 ~ 240 min）等操作变量，确定了光降解伊红b的最佳条件。工艺优化结果表明，当辐照时间为239.8 min， pH为6.74 mg，催化剂用量为185.6 mg，染料浓度为10.0 mg/l时，光催化降解效率最高，达到100%。降解反应符合一级动力学。

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引用次数: 0