Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123
Niklas Meier , Friedrich Herding , Harald Zetzener , Inka Mai , Dirk Lowke , Arno Kwade
This study investigates the influence of particle surface modifications on particle bed concrete 3D printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA). Prior research suggests that enhancing particle wettability and reducing bulk porosity of the particle bed increases the performance of SCA components. In this work, the effects of dry coatings (nanoscale SiO2 and TiO2) and a liquid grinding aid (diethylene glycol – DEG) on the wettability and bulk density of two sand fractions and a sand/cement mixture were examined. Nanoscale SiO2 was found to improve the wettability of the sand/cement mixture, while DEG and nanoscale TiO2 increased the bulk density and, consequently, reduced the bulk porosity. Based on the results, specimens were 3D printed using the modified materials. Surface modification by DEG increased the compressive strength of printed specimens by 30 % compared to the unmodified, reference material. This increase is attributed to a higher bulk density and, thus, particle bed density compared to the reference material. We conclude that surface modifications enhancing the bulk density can significantly increase the compressive strength of SCA components, thereby expanding SCA’s potential and facilitating its use in construction.
{"title":"Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties","authors":"Niklas Meier , Friedrich Herding , Harald Zetzener , Inka Mai , Dirk Lowke , Arno Kwade","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of particle surface modifications on particle bed concrete 3D printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA). Prior research suggests that enhancing particle wettability and reducing bulk porosity of the particle bed increases the performance of SCA components. In this work, the effects of dry coatings (nanoscale SiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>) and a liquid grinding aid (diethylene glycol – DEG) on the wettability and bulk density of two sand fractions and a sand/cement mixture were examined. Nanoscale SiO<sub>2</sub> was found to improve the wettability of the sand/cement mixture, while DEG and nanoscale TiO<sub>2</sub> increased the bulk density and, consequently, reduced the bulk porosity. Based on the results, specimens were 3D printed using the modified materials. Surface modification by DEG increased the compressive strength of printed specimens by 30<!--> <!-->% compared to the unmodified, reference material. This increase is attributed to a higher bulk density and, thus, particle bed density compared to the reference material. We conclude that surface modifications enhancing the bulk density can significantly increase the compressive strength of SCA components, thereby expanding SCA’s potential and facilitating its use in construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 12","pages":"Article 105123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study establishes a holistic strategy for high-performance Fe80Si5B(11-x)PxNb3Cu1 soft magnetic composites through phosphorus alloying design and low-pressure thermal encapsulation molding process. A spheroidization-solidification competition parameter η is proposed to quantify morphology evolution, revealing that η ≤ 0.6 achieves >92 % spherical powders, while η ≥ 1 induces dendritic defects. P addition tunes η by elevating undercooling and viscosity, enabling precise morphology control. The research indicate that the addition of P enhances glass forming ability by reducing the liquidus temperature and stabilizing the deep eutectic composition, achieving a completely amorphous structure and suppressing the crystallization of α-Fe (Si, B). P-induced Fe-P-B covalent clustering reduces coercivity but slightly lowers saturation magnetization due to disrupted exchange coupling. Annealing optimizes magnetic properties via dual-phase evolution: low-P systems (x ≤ 2) exhibit α-Fe(Si,B) coarsening-driven Hc spikes, while high-P alloys form amorphous/nanocrystalline composites with exchange-spring effects. Cu/Nb synergistically stabilize nanograins and suppress coarsening. Spherical powder combined with LHP enables defect-free monolithic inductors, achieving a 4-fold higher DC breakdown voltage (>1000 V) and 23.8 % improved saturation current compared to cold-pressed counterparts. LHP minimizes residual stress, restricting permeability fluctuations to ≤3 % under thermal stability testing, versus ≥10 % in cold-pressed processes.
{"title":"Research on the effect of P on the microstructure and crystallization mechanism of spherical FeSiBPNbCu nanocrystalline powder","authors":"Haichen Yu , Wei Zheng , Hao Wang , Qian Zhang , Guangqiang Zhang , Bangshao Dong , Chuntao Chang , Chengliang Zhao , Shaoxiong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study establishes a holistic strategy for high-performance Fe<sub>80</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>B<sub>(11-x)</sub>P<sub>x</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub> soft magnetic composites through phosphorus alloying design and low-pressure thermal encapsulation molding process. A spheroidization-solidification competition parameter η is proposed to quantify morphology evolution, revealing that η ≤ 0.6 achieves >92 % spherical powders, while η ≥ 1 induces dendritic defects. P addition tunes η by elevating undercooling and viscosity, enabling precise morphology control. The research indicate that the addition of P enhances glass forming ability by reducing the liquidus temperature and stabilizing the deep eutectic composition, achieving a completely amorphous structure and suppressing the crystallization of α-Fe (Si, B). P-induced Fe-P-B covalent clustering reduces coercivity but slightly lowers saturation magnetization due to disrupted exchange coupling. Annealing optimizes magnetic properties via dual-phase evolution: low-P systems (x ≤ 2) exhibit α-Fe(Si,B) coarsening-driven Hc spikes, while high-P alloys form amorphous/nanocrystalline composites with exchange-spring effects. Cu/Nb synergistically stabilize nanograins and suppress coarsening. Spherical powder combined with LHP enables defect-free monolithic inductors, achieving a 4-fold higher DC breakdown voltage (>1000 V) and 23.8 % improved saturation current compared to cold-pressed counterparts. LHP minimizes residual stress, restricting permeability fluctuations to ≤3 % under thermal stability testing, versus ≥10 % in cold-pressed processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"Article 105133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105118
Ying Liu , Quanle Zou , Yunpei Liang , Chaojun Fan , He Li
The early hydration of cement governs its microstructure development and engineering properties, where nano-alumina (NA) has emerged as a potent accelerator. This study systematically investigates the multi-scale effects of NA mass fraction on hydration kinetics by integrating liquid-phase evolution, heat release, and microstructural transformations. Modified cement pastes with varying NA mass fractio contents were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance, isothermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and ionic mobility measurements. Results demonstrate that NA accelerates capillary-to-gel water conversion by 4 h through enhanced nucleation, reducing gel water retention time while refining pore architecture. The heat release profiles reveal NA’s dual action: intensifying initial dissolution peaks and advancing acceleration stage onset through lowered C-S-H nucleation barriers. Microstructural evolution shows dose-dependent morphological shifts, where NA transforms C-S-H into interconnected networks and directs needle-like calcium aluminate growth at interfaces. Ionic dynamics confirm NA’s catalytic role, inducing earlier Ca2+ saturation and accelerating AFt to AFm conversion within 16 h via Al3+ consumption. These findings elucidate NA’s synergistic mechanisms in accelerating cement hydration, offering critical insights for high-performance composites.
{"title":"Early hydration reaction of nano-alumina-modified cement dominated by liquid phase, heat release and microstructure development","authors":"Ying Liu , Quanle Zou , Yunpei Liang , Chaojun Fan , He Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early hydration of cement governs its microstructure development and engineering properties, where nano-alumina (NA) has emerged as a potent accelerator. This study systematically investigates the multi-scale effects of NA mass fraction on hydration kinetics by integrating liquid-phase evolution, heat release, and microstructural transformations. Modified cement pastes with varying NA mass fractio contents were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance, isothermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and ionic mobility measurements. Results demonstrate that NA accelerates capillary-to-gel water conversion by 4 h through enhanced nucleation, reducing gel water retention time while refining pore architecture. The heat release profiles reveal NA’s dual action: intensifying initial dissolution peaks and advancing acceleration stage onset through lowered C-S-H nucleation barriers. Microstructural evolution shows dose-dependent morphological shifts, where NA transforms C-S-H into interconnected networks and directs needle-like calcium aluminate growth at interfaces. Ionic dynamics confirm NA’s catalytic role, inducing earlier Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> saturation and accelerating AFt to AFm conversion within 16 h via Al<sup>3</sup><sup>+</sup> consumption. These findings elucidate NA’s synergistic mechanisms in accelerating cement hydration, offering critical insights for high-performance composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 12","pages":"Article 105118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105128
Ting Yang , Junxiang Liu , Wenjun Duan , Jiaqu Yu , Jianrong Xu , Qingbo Yu
The adoption of environmental protection and energy conservation measures has led to increased interest among researchers and scholars in the centrifugal granulation of metallurgical slag and waste heat recovery technology. Variations in the production processes of metallurgical slag result in significant disparities in the physical properties of slag from different sources. Blast furnace slag and copper slag are two types of metallurgical slags distinguished by their characteristic properties. Blast furnace slag exhibits higher viscosity and surface tension, whereas copper slag displays lower viscosity and surface tension, resulting in differing granulation characteristics. This study employs numerical simulations to examine the flow patterns during centrifugal granulation and elucidate the mechanism of centrifugal granulation. The study determined that the breaking length to tip diameter ratio was consistent with the findings of Weber’s research. Additionally, it observed the atypical granulation evolution of two types of slag at elevated flow rates, and examined the variation rules of breakup wavelength, tip diameter, crushing length, particle size distribution, and average particle size across varying flow rates. The study also noted that the centrifugal granulation effect of copper slag was significantly influenced by its surface tension. The aforementioned findings can offer theoretical guidance for the implementation of the centrifugal granulation process in the treatment of metallurgical slag.
{"title":"Comparative study on centrifugal granulation behavior of blast furnace slag and copper slag","authors":"Ting Yang , Junxiang Liu , Wenjun Duan , Jiaqu Yu , Jianrong Xu , Qingbo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of environmental protection and energy conservation measures has led to increased interest among researchers and scholars in the centrifugal granulation of metallurgical slag and waste heat recovery technology. Variations in the production processes of metallurgical slag result in significant disparities in the physical properties of slag from different sources. Blast furnace slag and copper slag are two types of metallurgical slags distinguished by their characteristic properties. Blast furnace slag exhibits higher viscosity and surface tension, whereas copper slag displays lower viscosity and surface tension, resulting in differing granulation characteristics. This study employs numerical simulations to examine the flow patterns during centrifugal granulation and elucidate the mechanism of centrifugal granulation. The study determined that the breaking length to tip diameter ratio was consistent with the findings of Weber’s research. Additionally, it observed the atypical granulation evolution of two types of slag at elevated flow rates, and examined the variation rules of breakup wavelength, tip diameter, crushing length, particle size distribution, and average particle size across varying flow rates. The study also noted that the centrifugal granulation effect of copper slag was significantly influenced by its surface tension. The aforementioned findings can offer theoretical guidance for the implementation of the centrifugal granulation process in the treatment of metallurgical slag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"Article 105128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105124
Yujiao Zhao , Yingnan Han , Cong Zhou , Yan Li , Zhiyu Fang , Lei Xia , Dachuan Lu , Qifeng Jia , Yuheng Gao
As a new approach for large-scale solid waste utilization and carbon sequestration, carbon sequestration backfilling technology requires a clear understanding of slurry pipeline transport characteristics. As an unstable gas-phase component, the influence of CO2 on multiphase flow behavior must be considered. This study establishes a gas–liquid-solid Eulerian model coupled with Population Balance Model (PBM) to characterize CO2 bubble aggregation and reveal how inlet velocity, pipe diameter and residual CO2 content affect slurry flow characteristics. The results show that: (1) Slurry velocity presents an asymmetric distribution (top > bottom), due to multiphase coupling effect- CO2 enrichment at the top forms a gas–liquid lubricating layer to reduce resistance, while gangue particles deposition at the bottom increases resistance; (2) Parameter sensitivity: Increasing inlet velocity increases flow core velocity and pressure drop; Expanding pipe diameter reduces flow core velocity and pressure drop, while intensifying slurry-particle slip; Increasing residual CO2 content reduces pressure drop, slightly inhibits flow core velocity, and exacerbates the flow core offset. This study confirms residual CO2 content, inlet velocity, and pipe diameter as key parameters regulating pipeline transportation performance of carbon sequestration backfill slurry, providing theoretical support for parameter optimization and energy consumption control of slurry transportation system.
{"title":"Effect of residual CO2 on three-phase flow characteristics of carbon sequestration backfill slurry in straight horizontal pipeline","authors":"Yujiao Zhao , Yingnan Han , Cong Zhou , Yan Li , Zhiyu Fang , Lei Xia , Dachuan Lu , Qifeng Jia , Yuheng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a new approach for large-scale solid waste utilization and carbon sequestration, carbon sequestration backfilling technology requires a clear understanding of slurry pipeline transport characteristics. As an unstable gas-phase component, the influence of CO<sub>2</sub> on multiphase flow behavior must be considered. This study establishes a gas–liquid-solid Eulerian model coupled with Population Balance Model (PBM) to characterize CO<sub>2</sub> bubble aggregation and reveal how inlet velocity, pipe diameter and residual CO<sub>2</sub> content affect slurry flow characteristics. The results show that: (1) Slurry velocity presents an asymmetric distribution (top > bottom), due to multiphase coupling effect- CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment at the top forms a gas–liquid lubricating layer to reduce resistance, while gangue particles deposition at the bottom increases resistance; (2) Parameter sensitivity: Increasing inlet velocity increases flow core velocity and pressure drop; Expanding pipe diameter reduces flow core velocity and pressure drop, while intensifying slurry-particle slip; Increasing residual CO<sub>2</sub> content reduces pressure drop, slightly inhibits flow core velocity, and exacerbates the flow core offset. This study confirms residual CO<sub>2</sub> content, inlet velocity, and pipe diameter as key parameters regulating pipeline transportation performance of carbon sequestration backfill slurry, providing theoretical support for parameter optimization and energy consumption control of slurry transportation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"Article 105124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105130
Yan Peng , Shuoying Liu , Xueli Du
Znic oxide (ZnO) is a promising environmentally friendly thermoelectric material, however, its commercial applications are constrained by low electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. This study adopted a simple and scalable hydrothermal method to synthesize Fe-doped and C-coated (acetylene black as carbon source) ZnO powders, which were then sintered in an argon atmosphere at 1000 ℃ to fabricate ZnO-based composite ceramics with enhanced thermoelectric performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the doped Fe and coated C enhanced electrical transport, and reduced the thermal conductivity of ZnO, the highest figure of merit (ZTmax) 0.91 at 800 K was obtained from Zn0.997Fe0.003O/0.3 at %C. Hall effect measurements confirm that Fe and C effectively increased the carrier concentration. Additionally, the coated C improved the connection between matrix grains, and enhanced carrier mobility. Photoluminescence analysis of pure ZnO and ZnO/C particles reveals that the coated C effectively quenched the oxygen vacancies on the ZnO grain surface, thus released the trapped electrons. Furthermore, the sample Zn0.997Fe0.003O/0.3 at %C exhibits a notable low thermal conductivity about 2.85 Wm-1K−1 at 800 K. Overall, this is a practical method to optimize the thermoelectric properties of ZnO materials.
氧化锌（ZnO）是一种很有前途的环境友好型热电材料，但其商业应用受到低导电性和高导热性的限制。本研究采用简单、可扩展的水热法合成了掺杂铁、包覆c（乙炔黑为碳源）的ZnO粉体，并将其在1000℃氩气气氛中烧结，制备了热电性能增强的ZnO基复合陶瓷。实验结果表明，掺杂Fe和包覆C增强了ZnO的电输运，降低了ZnO的导热系数，zn0.9997 fe0.0030 o /0.3在800k时的优值（ZTmax）为0.91。霍尔效应测量证实，Fe和C有效地增加了载流子浓度。此外，涂层C改善了基体晶粒之间的连接，提高了载流子迁移率。对纯ZnO和ZnO/C粒子的光致发光分析表明，包覆的C有效地淬灭了ZnO晶粒表面的氧空位，从而释放了被困电子。此外，样品zn0.9997 fe0.0030 o /0.3 （%C）在800 K时表现出明显的低导热系数，约为2.85 Wm-1K−1。总之，这是一种优化ZnO材料热电性能的实用方法。
{"title":"A comprehensive strategy for enhanced thermoelectric properties of ZnO ceramics by doped Fe and composite C","authors":"Yan Peng , Shuoying Liu , Xueli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Znic oxide (ZnO) is a promising environmentally friendly thermoelectric material, however, its commercial applications are constrained by low electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. This study adopted a simple and scalable hydrothermal method to synthesize Fe-doped and C-coated (acetylene black as carbon source) ZnO powders, which were then sintered in an argon atmosphere at 1000 ℃ to fabricate ZnO-based composite ceramics with enhanced thermoelectric performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the doped Fe and coated C enhanced electrical transport, and reduced the thermal conductivity of ZnO, the highest figure of merit (<em>ZT</em><sub>max</sub>) 0.91 at 800 K was obtained from Zn<sub>0.997</sub>Fe<sub>0.003</sub>O/0.3 at %C. Hall effect measurements confirm that Fe and C effectively increased the carrier concentration. Additionally, the coated C improved the connection between matrix grains, and enhanced carrier mobility. Photoluminescence analysis of pure ZnO and ZnO/C particles reveals that the coated C effectively quenched the oxygen vacancies on the ZnO grain surface, thus released the trapped electrons. Furthermore, the sample Zn<sub>0.997</sub>Fe<sub>0.003</sub>O/0.3 at %C exhibits a notable low thermal conductivity about 2.85 Wm<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup> at 800 K. Overall, this is a practical method to optimize the thermoelectric properties of ZnO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 12","pages":"Article 105130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Particle blockage is a persistent issue during the discharge of coal bunkers. To achieve stable and rapid discharge, an eccentrically bent hopper is proposed, and this structure combines the advantages of both curved and eccentric hoppers. This paper employs Discrete Element Method (DEM) to investigate the discharge characteristics of eccentrically bent hoppers with semi-vertex angles ranging from 15° to 75°. The results show that when the semi-vertex angle exceeds 45°, the average mass flow rate of pulverized coal does not change significantly with semi-vertex angle, and the velocity distribution of coal particles during discharge exhibits an asymmetric pattern. In contrast, when the semi-vertex angle is less than 45°, the average mass flow rate increases obviously as the semi-vertex angle decreases, and the asymmetry of velocity distribution during discharge is reduced. Furthermore, the stability of coal particle discharge with respect to the semi-vertex angle is analyzed using the coefficient of variation (Cv) over both the stable discharge period and the entire discharge process. When semi-vertex angle is greater than 45°, the discharge stability of pulverized coal is relatively poor. As semi-vertex angle is less than 45°, the Cv remains at a stable value, indicating smooth and stable discharge of pulverized coal.
{"title":"Study on flow characteristics of pulverized coal in eccentrically bent coal hopper","authors":"Yanni Jiang , Tengfei Ma , Yong Wu , Zhihui Zheng , Xiaoming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle blockage is a persistent issue during the discharge of coal bunkers. To achieve stable and rapid discharge, an eccentrically bent hopper is proposed, and this structure combines the advantages of both curved and eccentric hoppers. This paper employs Discrete Element Method (DEM) to investigate the discharge characteristics of eccentrically bent hoppers with semi-vertex angles ranging from 15° to 75°. The results show that when the semi-vertex angle exceeds 45°, the average mass flow rate of pulverized coal does not change significantly with semi-vertex angle, and the velocity distribution of coal particles during discharge exhibits an asymmetric pattern. In contrast, when the semi-vertex angle is less than 45°, the average mass flow rate increases obviously as the semi-vertex angle decreases, and the asymmetry of velocity distribution during discharge is reduced. Furthermore, the stability of coal particle discharge with respect to the semi-vertex angle is analyzed using the coefficient of variation (<em>C<sub>v</sub></em>) over both the stable discharge period and the entire discharge process. When semi-vertex angle is greater than 45°, the discharge stability of pulverized coal is relatively poor. As semi-vertex angle is less than 45°, the <em>C<sub>v</sub></em> remains at a stable value, indicating smooth and stable discharge of pulverized coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"Article 105132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105126
Hang Chen , Sibao Wang , Chenglei Wang , Shilong Wang
Hazardous particle diffusion and deposition during machining within chambers pose critical risks to operational safety. Although structural design offers a promising approach to controlling particle-laden flow, simultaneously reducing deposition and pressure drop while enhancing particle escape efficiency remains a significant challenge, particularly within irregular chambers. Thus, this study focuses on optimizing the trapezoidal chamber geometry to address these conflicting objectives. Specifically, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD)-based surrogate model is developed, achieving high-fidelity prediction across the four-dimensional design space by systematically optimizing its hyperparameters. This enables a multi-objective optimization to map the trade-off landscape, from which a final balanced design is selected using a scenario-based approach. Sensitivity analysis identifies the lower-end width (Xn), horizontal offset (Xm), and trapezoidal height (Xh) as the primary drivers of pressure drop, deposition and escape, respectively. The Pareto-front reveals a vast design space, with specialized configurations reducing particle deposition by up to 78.94%. The selected balanced design concurrently reduces deposition by 19.83% and pressure drop by 15%, while increasing escape efficiency by 9.53%. Lagrangian analysis confirms that the geometry governs particle trajectories by modulating the size and location of recirculation zones. The optimized design also demonstrates robust performance across various inlet velocities and particle sizes.
{"title":"Controlling particle-laden flow in a ventilated trapezoidal chamber via surrogate-based multi-objective optimization","authors":"Hang Chen , Sibao Wang , Chenglei Wang , Shilong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hazardous particle diffusion and deposition during machining within chambers pose critical risks to operational safety. Although structural design offers a promising approach to controlling particle-laden flow, simultaneously reducing deposition and pressure drop while enhancing particle escape efficiency remains a significant challenge, particularly within irregular chambers. Thus, this study focuses on optimizing the trapezoidal chamber geometry to address these conflicting objectives. Specifically, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD)-based surrogate model is developed, achieving high-fidelity prediction across the four-dimensional design space by systematically optimizing its hyperparameters. This enables a multi-objective optimization to map the trade-off landscape, from which a final balanced design is selected using a scenario-based approach. Sensitivity analysis identifies the lower-end width (<em>X<sub>n</sub></em>), horizontal offset (<em>X<sub>m</sub></em>), and trapezoidal height (<em>X<sub>h</sub></em>) as the primary drivers of pressure drop, deposition and escape, respectively. The Pareto-front reveals a vast design space, with specialized configurations reducing particle deposition by up to 78.94%. The selected balanced design concurrently reduces deposition by 19.83% and pressure drop by 15%, while increasing escape efficiency by 9.53%. Lagrangian analysis confirms that the geometry governs particle trajectories by modulating the size and location of recirculation zones. The optimized design also demonstrates robust performance across various inlet velocities and particle sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"Article 105126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In pesticide granule formulation, evaluation of the wet powder after kneading prior to wet granulation is critical to ensure product quality and manufacturing consistency. In this study, a novel method for quantitative evaluation of the wet powder after kneading was proposed based on the pressure transmission ratio obtained from constant-speed compression tests of wet-kneaded powders. Formulations with different water contents, bentonite ratios, and carrier powder types were investigated. The pressure transmission ratio between the pressures of the upper and lower punches increased with increasing water content and bentonite ratio, reflecting the improved dispersion of the binding liquid. In addition, a strong negative correlation was observed between the pressure transmission ratio and granule friability, indicating improved granule strength with efficient pressure transmission. The pressure transmission ratio also influenced the granule yield, with excessive values leading to oversized granules. An optimal range for the pressure transmission ratio (0.64–0.67) was identified to produce granules with sufficient strength and suitable size distribution for pesticide application. This approach requires only a small amount of the powder sample and enables rapid evaluation, providing a practical tool for predicting granule quality before extrusion. Thus, the proposed method can facilitate formulation design and process optimization in agrochemical manufacturing.
{"title":"Prediction of granule properties for pesticide formulations using pressure transmission of wet kneaded powder","authors":"Momoko Sugimoto, Shuji Ohsaki, Hideya Nakamura, Satoru Watano","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In pesticide granule formulation, evaluation of the wet powder after kneading prior to wet granulation is critical to ensure product quality and manufacturing consistency. In this study, a novel method for quantitative evaluation of the wet powder after kneading was proposed based on the pressure transmission ratio obtained from constant-speed compression tests of wet-kneaded powders. Formulations with different water contents, bentonite ratios, and carrier powder types were investigated. The pressure transmission ratio between the pressures of the upper and lower punches increased with increasing water content and bentonite ratio, reflecting the improved dispersion of the binding liquid. In addition, a strong negative correlation was observed between the pressure transmission ratio and granule friability, indicating improved granule strength with efficient pressure transmission. The pressure transmission ratio also influenced the granule yield, with excessive values leading to oversized granules. An optimal range for the pressure transmission ratio (0.64–0.67) was identified to produce granules with sufficient strength and suitable size distribution for pesticide application. This approach requires only a small amount of the powder sample and enables rapid evaluation, providing a practical tool for predicting granule quality before extrusion. Thus, the proposed method can facilitate formulation design and process optimization in agrochemical manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 12","pages":"Article 105127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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