Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105159
Ryosuke Maekawa , Makoto Kawano , Chika Takai
To not only enhance the mass-transport of the cathode layer (CL) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) but also to improve the dispersibility of catalyst-supported particles, the Nafion adsorption ratio and the structure on the particles in an ink, a precursor of the CL, are key factors. Based on our previous results, the quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) method, which can accurately estimate the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) indicating the compatibility of substances, has been applied to particle surface design to improve the Nafion adsorption ratio and to redetermine the HSP value of Nafion for analyzing the adsorption structure. Alumina particles modified by silane coupling agents, used as model particles with HSP values well-defined in previous work, and Nafion are mixed in a water/ethanol/1-propanol solvent. Then, the Nafion adsorption ratio is measured. The HSP values of Nafion are redetermined by a dissolution test or through the QSPR method. We investigate whether the Nafion adsorption ratio correlates with the HSP difference between the particles and the solvent, and whether the Nafion adsorption structure can be estimated using the HSP difference between the particles and Nafion.
{"title":"Investigation of Nafion adsorption behavior on Silane-modified alumina particles using Hansen solubility parameters","authors":"Ryosuke Maekawa , Makoto Kawano , Chika Takai","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To not only enhance the mass-transport of the cathode layer (CL) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) but also to improve the dispersibility of catalyst-supported particles, the Nafion adsorption ratio and the structure on the particles in an ink, a precursor of the CL, are key factors. Based on our previous results, the quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) method, which can accurately estimate the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) indicating the compatibility of substances, has been applied to particle surface design to improve the Nafion adsorption ratio and to redetermine the HSP value of Nafion for analyzing the adsorption structure. Alumina particles modified by silane coupling agents, used as model particles with HSP values well-defined in previous work, and Nafion are mixed in a water/ethanol/1-propanol solvent. Then, the Nafion adsorption ratio is measured. The HSP values of Nafion are redetermined by a dissolution test or through the QSPR method. We investigate whether the Nafion adsorption ratio correlates with the HSP difference between the particles and the solvent, and whether the Nafion adsorption structure can be estimated using the HSP difference between the particles and Nafion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105187
Xing-Feng Shen , Yanhui Han , Zilong Zhou , Weihong Zhang , Zhiliang Gao , Zhaoxu Yang , Yue Feng
Adsorption occurs when charged particles slide on a grounded metal chute, driven by electrostatic force. Electrostatic adsorption can cause the sliding speed of particles to slow down or even lead to blockage. This study enhances the point charge model by accounting for polarization-induced electrostatic effects, improving the accuracy of discrete element simulations for the electrostatic force of cluster particles. The multiple relationships between the polarization effect model and the point charge model are examined under varying relative permittivity, surface charge densities, and particle sizes. The polarization effect model yields a stronger electrostatic attractive force. The inclination angle calculated using the polarization effect model has an error of only 4.9% compared with the inclination angle experimental results, which is smaller than 24.4% of the point charge model. Furthermore, the polarization effect model successfully simulates the adsorption of charged particles onto uncharged particles and onto small like charged particles. Discrete element simulation results indicate that, during sliding, the polarization effect model results in greater electrostatic adsorption of particles onto the metal chute. This helps guide the process conditions through discrete element simulation to prevent the occurrence of blockage caused by the electrostatic adsorption of particles.
{"title":"Modelling of electrostatic adsorption with polarization effects for sliding particles","authors":"Xing-Feng Shen , Yanhui Han , Zilong Zhou , Weihong Zhang , Zhiliang Gao , Zhaoxu Yang , Yue Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorption occurs when charged particles slide on a grounded metal chute, driven by electrostatic force. Electrostatic adsorption can cause the sliding speed of particles to slow down or even lead to blockage. This study enhances the point charge model by accounting for polarization-induced electrostatic effects, improving the accuracy of discrete element simulations for the electrostatic force of cluster particles. The multiple relationships between the polarization effect model and the point charge model are examined under varying relative permittivity, surface charge densities, and particle sizes. The polarization effect model yields a stronger electrostatic attractive force. The inclination angle calculated using the polarization effect model has an error of only 4.9% compared with the inclination angle experimental results, which is smaller than 24.4% of the point charge model. Furthermore, the polarization effect model successfully simulates the adsorption of charged particles onto uncharged particles and onto small like charged particles. Discrete element simulation results indicate that, during sliding, the polarization effect model results in greater electrostatic adsorption of particles onto the metal chute. This helps guide the process conditions through discrete element simulation to prevent the occurrence of blockage caused by the electrostatic adsorption of particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105177
Xuan Xu , Gehang Xue , Jiashan Yang , Zihan Wang , Gansu Zhang , Zhi Zhang , Liang Dong
During sound-assisted gas–solid fluidization, the hydrodynamic behavior of solid particles is affected compared to an ordinary fluidized bed because the suspended/semi-suspended particles are subjected to periodic oscillating acoustic field forces. In this work, an acoustic field oscillatory force model in a fluidized bed was refined and theoretically analyzed, unveiling the relationship among various forces acting on particles. The obtained results showed that the ratios of drag, gravity, and buoyancy forces to the sound field force in the bed significantly decrease as the sound field energy increases. Meanwhile, these ratios gradually increase as sound waves propagate through the bed due to sound attenuation. However, the sound oscillatory force increases due to the sound reflection at the distributor, leading to a reduction in the force ratios. Acoustic excitation leads to a bed compaction phenomenon that impedes gas-phase flow within the bed, reducing the bubble rising velocity by up to 35%.
{"title":"Comparison between acoustic oscillatory force and forces exerted on particles in a sound-assisted fluidized bed","authors":"Xuan Xu , Gehang Xue , Jiashan Yang , Zihan Wang , Gansu Zhang , Zhi Zhang , Liang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During sound-assisted gas–solid fluidization, the hydrodynamic behavior of solid particles is affected compared to an ordinary fluidized bed because the suspended/semi-suspended particles are subjected to periodic oscillating acoustic field forces. In this work, an acoustic field oscillatory force model in a fluidized bed was refined and theoretically analyzed, unveiling the relationship among various forces acting on particles. The obtained results showed that the ratios of drag, gravity, and buoyancy forces to the sound field force in the bed significantly decrease as the sound field energy increases. Meanwhile, these ratios gradually increase as sound waves propagate through the bed due to sound attenuation. However, the sound oscillatory force increases due to the sound reflection at the distributor, leading to a reduction in the force ratios. Acoustic excitation leads to a bed compaction phenomenon that impedes gas-phase flow within the bed, reducing the bubble rising velocity by up to 35%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105152
Hamidreza Javidrad , Bahattin Koc
Additive manufacturing (AM) of copper-based alloys has gained massive attention from different industries due to their wide application in thermal management systems. However, processability of copper alloys remain challenging due to the high laser reflectivity and thermal conductivity. The aim of this work is to develop a cost-effective process for producing near defect-free parts from CuCrZr alloy via the laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED) technique. For this purpose, a thermal coating procedure was established and implemented in order to increase the laser absorptivity of this alloy by forming an absorptive layer around the powder particles, as well as increasing their surface roughness. The results showed that the combination of oxidation and nitriding procedures formed a stable and thick layer around the powder particles that can effectively improve the processability of this copper alloy and increase the density of the bulk specimens by increasing the melt pool stability. The optimized process parameters successfully resulted in near-fully dense bulk parts without using excessive input heat that could have damaged the optics and nozzle. The obtained microstructure from the bulk samples revealed finer grains for the treated powders due to the formation of coarser precipitates, which resulted in comparable mechanical properties.
{"title":"Production of CuCrZr parts via the IR laser powder directed energy deposition through powder modification","authors":"Hamidreza Javidrad , Bahattin Koc","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) of copper-based alloys has gained massive attention from different industries due to their wide application in thermal management systems. However, processability of copper alloys remain challenging due to the high laser reflectivity and thermal conductivity. The aim of this work is to develop a cost-effective process for producing near defect-free parts from CuCrZr alloy via the laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED) technique. For this purpose, a thermal coating procedure was established and implemented in order to increase the laser absorptivity of this alloy by forming an absorptive layer around the powder particles, as well as increasing their surface roughness. The results showed that the combination of oxidation and nitriding procedures formed a stable and thick layer around the powder particles that can effectively improve the processability of this copper alloy and increase the density of the bulk specimens by increasing the melt pool stability. The optimized process parameters successfully resulted in near-fully dense bulk parts without using excessive input heat that could have damaged the optics and nozzle. The obtained microstructure from the bulk samples revealed finer grains for the treated powders due to the formation of coarser precipitates, which resulted in comparable mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105183
Xuan N. Pham , Hong Van T. Nguyen , Hoa T. Nguyen , Manh B. Nguyen , T.-Thanh-Bao Nguyen , Quang Vinh Tran , Huan V. Doan
The progressive contamination of aquatic environments by microplastics and pharmaceutical residues has emerged as a pressing environmental issue. In the present study, a novel S-scheme TiO2@In2S3/MIL-101(Cr) heterojunction composite was synthesized and evaluated for its capacity to simultaneously eliminate polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) and tetracycline (TC) from aqueous media. The TiO2@In2S3/MIL-101(Cr) composite exhibited outstanding photocatalytic and adsorptive properties, achieving complete removal of PSMPs (500 mg L−1) within 90 min and 97% removal of TC (30 mg L−1) within 210 min under visible-light irradiation. In a binary pollutant system, the composite enabled full elimination of both PSMPs and TC within 240 min, with PSMPs reaching 100% removal at 180 min and TC at 240 min. The superior performance was attributed to enhanced charge carrier separation and the suppression of electron–hole recombination, facilitated by the engineered heterojunction structure. Reusability tests confirmed the material’s stability, with over 94% removal efficiency retained after four consecutive cycles. Moreover, adsorption experiments revealed a pronounced pH dependence, with optimal removal efficiency observed at pH 5. Collectively, these results highlight the dual functionality and robustness of TiO2@In2S3/MIL-101(Cr), underscoring its potential as a promising candidate for large-scale water purification and environmental remediation applications.
{"title":"S-scheme TiO2@In2S3/MIL-101(Cr) composite for dual-function removal of polystyrene microplastics and tetracycline in water","authors":"Xuan N. Pham , Hong Van T. Nguyen , Hoa T. Nguyen , Manh B. Nguyen , T.-Thanh-Bao Nguyen , Quang Vinh Tran , Huan V. Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The progressive contamination of aquatic environments by microplastics and pharmaceutical residues has emerged as a pressing environmental issue. In the present study, a novel S-scheme TiO<sub>2</sub>@In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/MIL-101(Cr) heterojunction composite was synthesized and evaluated for its capacity to simultaneously eliminate polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) and tetracycline (TC) from aqueous media. The TiO<sub>2</sub>@In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/MIL-101(Cr) composite exhibited outstanding photocatalytic and adsorptive properties, achieving complete removal of PSMPs (500 mg L<sup>−</sup>1) within 90 min and 97% removal of TC (30 mg L<sup>−</sup>1) within 210 min under visible-light irradiation. In a binary pollutant system, the composite enabled full elimination of both PSMPs and TC within 240 min, with PSMPs reaching 100% removal at 180 min and TC at 240 min. The superior performance was attributed to enhanced charge carrier separation and the suppression of electron–hole recombination, facilitated by the engineered heterojunction structure. Reusability tests confirmed the material’s stability, with over 94% removal efficiency retained after four consecutive cycles. Moreover, adsorption experiments revealed a pronounced pH dependence, with optimal removal efficiency observed at pH 5. Collectively, these results highlight the dual functionality and robustness of TiO<sub>2</sub>@In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/MIL-101(Cr), underscoring its potential as a promising candidate for large-scale water purification and environmental remediation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105184
M.H. Tyeb , A. Asrar , A.K. Majumder
The fish-hook effect observed in hydrocyclone partition curves has been debated extensively, with contention over whether it arises out of inherent process dynamics or laser diffraction measurement artifacts. This study addresses the debate through a methodically designed comparison of hydrocyclone, gravity settling, and wet screening separation processes, analyzed under identical laser diffraction protocols across systematically varied refractive index configurations. Wet screening, chosen specifically as a control due to its purely geometric separation mechanism that ideally precludes fish-hook formation, exhibited strictly monotonic partition curves without fish-hooks for all test cases. In contrast, consistent and reproducible fish-hook features were seen in both hydrocyclone and gravity settling partition curves across all tested refractive index configurations. These findings firmly established that fish-hooks in partition curves are consequences of genuine process-dependent phenomena, not measurement artifacts. Further analysis showed that real refractive index (RRI) specification critically affected particle size distribution (PSD) measurement, particularly when the specification error is towards the dispersant’s RRI, introducing bimodal artifacts in the PSD and marginally shifting separation cut sizes. Imaginary refractive index (IRI) variations altered ultrafine (<10 μm) characterization which modulated but did not eliminate fish-hooks in hydrocyclone partition curves.
{"title":"Fish-hook effect in hydrocyclones: systematic refutation of the measurement artifact hypothesis","authors":"M.H. Tyeb , A. Asrar , A.K. Majumder","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fish-hook effect observed in hydrocyclone partition curves has been debated extensively, with contention over whether it arises out of inherent process dynamics or laser diffraction measurement artifacts. This study addresses the debate through a methodically designed comparison of hydrocyclone, gravity settling, and wet screening separation processes, analyzed under identical laser diffraction protocols across systematically varied refractive index configurations. Wet screening, chosen specifically as a control due to its purely geometric separation mechanism that ideally precludes fish-hook formation, exhibited strictly monotonic partition curves without fish-hooks for all test cases. In contrast, consistent and reproducible<!--> <!-->fish-hook features were seen in both hydrocyclone and gravity settling partition curves across all tested refractive index configurations. These findings firmly established that fish-hooks in partition curves are consequences of genuine process-dependent phenomena, not measurement artifacts. Further analysis showed that real refractive index (RRI) specification critically affected particle size distribution (PSD) measurement, particularly when the specification error is towards the dispersant’s RRI, introducing bimodal artifacts in the PSD and marginally shifting separation cut sizes. Imaginary refractive index (IRI) variations altered ultrafine (<10 μm) characterization which modulated but did not eliminate fish-hooks in hydrocyclone partition curves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105164
Lingpan Du , Jiangli Li , Menglai Wang , Ciyun Chen , Qinbo Cao , Haiyun Xie , Peilun Shen , Dianwen Liu
The flotation of fine cassiterite (SnO2) particles requires efficient collectors. Here, ricinoleic acid (RA) and Cu2+ were employed to efficiently float SnO2. The flotation capacity of this method was studied by using flotation tests, surface examinations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The flotation results imply that the flotation capacity of RA was greater than that of oleic acid at pH 7, which was caused mainly by the greater solubility of RA. The Cu2+ conditioning further improved the flotation capacity of RA at pH 7. Cu(RA)2 was produced on the SnO2 surface. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the RA species led to a tighter assembly of Cu(RA)2.
The reaction of Cu2+ cations with the SnO2 (110) surface produced a Cu-rich surface, assisting in adsorption of RA. The –COO group of RA bonded with two Cu atoms, generating a bidentate binding structure. The effective hybridization among the O 2p orbitals of the –COO group and Cu orbitals accounted for the strong interaction between the RA collector and the SnO2 surface. This work extends our knowledge about the role of Cu2+ during SnO2 flotation with an RA collector.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of Copper(II) ions on the adsorption of ricinoleic acid on the cassiterite surface","authors":"Lingpan Du , Jiangli Li , Menglai Wang , Ciyun Chen , Qinbo Cao , Haiyun Xie , Peilun Shen , Dianwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flotation of fine cassiterite (SnO<sub>2</sub>) particles requires efficient collectors. Here, ricinoleic acid (RA) and Cu<sup>2+</sup> were employed to efficiently float SnO<sub>2</sub>. The flotation capacity of this method was studied by using flotation tests, surface examinations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The flotation results imply that the flotation capacity of RA was greater than that of oleic acid at pH 7, which was caused mainly by the greater solubility of RA. The Cu<sup>2+</sup> conditioning further improved the flotation capacity of RA at pH 7. Cu(RA)<sub>2</sub> was produced on the SnO<sub>2</sub> surface. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the RA species led to a tighter assembly of Cu(RA)<sub>2</sub>.</div><div>The reaction of Cu<sup>2+</sup> cations with the SnO<sub>2</sub> (110) surface produced a Cu-rich surface, assisting in adsorption of RA. The –COO group of RA bonded with two Cu atoms, generating a bidentate binding structure. The effective hybridization among the O 2p orbitals of the –COO group and Cu orbitals accounted for the strong interaction between the RA collector and the SnO<sub>2</sub> surface. This work extends our knowledge about the role of Cu<sup>2+</sup> during SnO<sub>2</sub> flotation with an RA collector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as a novel therapeutic modality. While their use as certain formulations has been actively explored, the development of lyophilized EV formulations is essential for ensuring long-term stability and facilitating the clinical translation. However, conventional lyophilization methods often lead to nanoparticle aggregation upon reconstitution, which compromises formulation quality. Herein, we explored a continuous droplet freezing (CDF) approach using a precision droplet generation system, followed by lyophilization, to prepare spherical powder particles containing bovine milk-derived EVs (mEVs). A formulation composed of 0.01 wt% mEVs and 10% trehalose was processed using this CDF approach, followed by drum-type drying. The CDF-based process produced particles with smoother surfaces, higher sphericity, larger Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas, and a lower angle of repose compared to classical tray-type freeze-drying. Notably, the CDF particles retained an amorphous state for over six months at 4°C, whereas the tray-dried particles exhibited crystallinity. The CDF-dried powders showed excellent flowability and redispersibility, with a more monodisperse size distribution upon reconstitution. Furthermore, cellular uptake of mEVs from the CDF powder was comparable to that of untreated mEVs. These findings demonstrate that CDF followed by drum-type lyophilization is a promising technique for producing stable and functional EV powder formulations.
{"title":"Continuous droplet freezing enables stable powder formulation of extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications","authors":"Tatsuya Fukuta , Masato Miyazaki , Kotone Yoshimura , Rikuto Ihara , Haruhiko Nakamura , Haruka Mogami , Wuxuan Liu , Mayumi Ikeda-Imafuku , Satoshi Kodama , Ko Matsui , Taiki Fujimoto , Kenjirou Higashi , Kazunori Kadota","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as a novel therapeutic modality. While their use as certain formulations has been actively explored, the development of lyophilized EV formulations is essential for ensuring long-term stability and facilitating the clinical translation. However, conventional lyophilization methods often lead to nanoparticle aggregation upon reconstitution, which compromises formulation quality. Herein, we explored a continuous droplet freezing (CDF) approach using a precision droplet generation system, followed by lyophilization, to prepare spherical powder particles containing bovine milk-derived EVs (mEVs). A formulation composed of 0.01 wt% mEVs and 10% trehalose was processed using this CDF approach, followed by drum-type drying. The CDF-based process produced particles with smoother surfaces, higher sphericity, larger Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas, and a lower angle of repose compared to classical tray-type freeze-drying. Notably, the CDF particles retained an amorphous state for over six months at 4°C, whereas the tray-dried particles exhibited crystallinity. The CDF-dried powders showed excellent flowability and redispersibility, with a more monodisperse size distribution upon reconstitution. Furthermore, cellular uptake of mEVs from the CDF powder was comparable to that of untreated mEVs. These findings demonstrate that CDF followed by drum-type lyophilization is a promising technique for producing stable and functional EV powder formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105181
Cuiping Li , Jun Wu , Chen Hu , Zhenhua Huang
In order to investigate the effects of waste rock content (WRC) and particle size distribution (PSD) on the energy storage and damage evolution of cement waste rock-tailing backfill (CWTB). The CWTB specimens with different PSD and WRC were prepared for uniaxial compression tests. The mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristics of CWTB were analyzed. A novel damage constitutive model considering the compaction stage and the post-peak stage was constructed, and the damage evolution law of CWTB was obtained. The results show that an increase in WRC decreases the energy storage limit of the specimen. In contrast, when the Talbot coefficient is increased, not only the energy storage limit is increased, but also the total energy of the elastic stage is converted more into elastic energy. The reduction of WRC and the increase of the Talbot coefficient help to suppress the conversion of elastic energy to dissipative energy, and the energy storage capacity of the specimen is significantly enhanced. A segmented damage constitutive model considering the compaction and post-peak stages was developed. The new constitutive model can better describe the stress–strain relationship and damage evolution law of backfill. The research results can provide assistance for the stability of the mine.
{"title":"Mechanics, energy evolution and damage behavior of cemented waste rock-tailings backfill considering waste rock content and particle size distribution","authors":"Cuiping Li , Jun Wu , Chen Hu , Zhenhua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to investigate the effects of waste rock content (WRC) and particle size distribution (PSD) on the energy storage and damage evolution of cement waste rock-tailing backfill (CWTB). The CWTB specimens with different PSD and WRC were prepared for uniaxial compression tests. The mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristics of CWTB were analyzed. A novel damage constitutive model considering the compaction stage and the post-peak stage was constructed, and the damage evolution law of CWTB was obtained. The results show that an increase in WRC decreases the energy storage limit of the specimen. In contrast, when the Talbot coefficient is increased, not only the energy storage limit is increased, but also the total energy of the elastic stage is converted more into elastic energy. The reduction of WRC and the increase of the Talbot coefficient help to suppress the conversion of elastic energy to dissipative energy, and the energy storage capacity of the specimen is significantly enhanced. A segmented damage constitutive model considering the compaction and post-peak stages was developed. The new constitutive model can better describe the stress–strain relationship and damage evolution law of backfill. The research results can provide assistance for the stability of the mine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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