Acta tropica最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Tick-associated Trypanosoma species (Apicomplexa: Kinetoplastida) from cattle ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia [Acta Tropica, volume 259, article number 107383].","authors":"Abdul Rahman Kazim, Van Lun Low, Jamal Houssaini, Dennis Tappe, Chong Chin Heo","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":" ","pages":"107438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotic aneurysms due to Burkholderia pseudomallei in Far North Queensland, tropical Australia: A case series and review of the literature.","authors":"Rhona Boyle, Grant Withey, Simon Smith, Josh Hanson","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2019, Burkholderia pseudomallei has been the most common cause of mycotic aneurysm at Cairns Hospital in tropical Australia. Among 233 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis since this time, 8 (3.4 %) were diagnosed with a mycotic aneurysm. All 8 patients had at least 1 risk factor for melioidosis, all 8 had either established vascular disease (or risk factors for it) and all 8 presented during the local wet season or shortly thereafter. Although the patients were managed in a well-resourced, high-volume melioidosis centre, the diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm was frequently delayed. The patients had a turbulent course: 6/8 (75 %) required intensive care unit admission and 7/8 (88 %) required surgical intervention. While all 8 patients survived to hospital discharge, 2 (25 %) ultimately died as a result of their B. pseudomallei infection, a high case-fatality rate by contemporary Australian standards. Adverse drug reactions were documented in 4/7 (57 %) who commenced oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) eradication therapy; an additional 2 patients were unable to adhere to their prescribed TMP-SMX, one of whom died from relapsed melioidosis. Mycotic aneurysm is an infrequent manifestation of B. pseudomallei infection, is challenging to diagnose and has a high attributable mortality. The diagnosis should be considered in older patients who reside in, or who have travelled to, endemic areas and who present with fever and abdominal or back pain and who have risk factors for melioidosis and vascular disease. Early, comprehensive imaging, thorough microbiological evaluation, prompt vascular surgery review, targeted antimicrobial therapy, close longitudinal follow-up and strategies to ensure patients' retention in care are crucial to achieve optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":" ","pages":"107480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habu vipers (Protobothrops flavoviridis) are an overlooked but important reservoir of the zoonotic tick Amblyomma testudinarium (Acari: Ixodidae) in subtropical Asia","authors":"Mackenzie L. Kwak ,&nbsp;Shintaro Nakagawa ,&nbsp;So Shinya ,&nbsp;Paula Andrea Jiménez ,&nbsp;Greg Markowsky ,&nbsp;Daniel McInnes ,&nbsp;Yurie Taya ,&nbsp;Shouta M.M. Nakayama ,&nbsp;Mayumi Ishizuka ,&nbsp;Nariaki Nonaka ,&nbsp;Ryo Nakao","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subtropical Asia has a rich diversity of reptiles and ticks, though the role of reptiles in the sylvatic cycles of medically important ticks in the region is poorly known. Habu vipers (<em>Protobothrops flavoviridis</em>) are widespread and common in the Japanese subtropics but their role as hosts for ticks has not been carefully explored. For 15 months in 2023/24, habu vipers were screened for ticks and were found to be important hosts for immature stages of the tick <em>Amblyomma testudinarium</em>, with a 22 % infestation rate. <em>Amblyomma testudinarium</em> was found to have weak attachment site preferences on <em>P. flavoviridis</em> and host body length was found to have no relationship with either the risk of infestation or the tick load in infested snakes. The phenological profile of <em>A. testudinarium</em> was mapped for the first time in the subtropics based on mean tick loads on <em>P. flavoviridis</em> and historical flagging data. March-April were identified as the period of highest activity, May to July was a period of declining activity, August-September was a period of almost complete inactivity, and October to February was a periods of increasing activity. The role of habu vipers in the sylvatic cycle of <em>A. testudinarium</em> in subtropical Asia is discussion. Additionally, the potential of habu vipers to serve as reservoirs of pathogens or as dilution hosts is also explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodological proposal to estimate the total abundance of immature mosquitoes in discarded tyres: Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens as study cases","authors":"Julieta A. Achaga,&nbsp;Darío Vezzani","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the abundance of immature mosquitoes in discarded water-filled tyres is a laborious task due to their shape and size. Our objective was to develop a procedure that allows, by counting individuals in a water sample, to estimate their total abundance. Polynomial functions linking water column height and water volume were fitted for five tyre categories (from cars to tractors) and horizontal/vertical storage positions. A total of 358 discarded water-filled tyres were then surveyed using this method in 16 piles of tyres in temperate Argentina. Tyre capacity was greater in vertical than horizontal position, reaching a maximum of 95.6 L in tractor tyres. In contrast, the volume of water retained under field conditions showed the opposite pattern, being greater in horizontal tyres. Water volume increased significantly across tyre categories in both horizontal (<em>J-T</em> = 7306, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and vertical (<em>J-T</em> = 10,792, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) positions. Most infested tyres (<em>n</em> = 150) showed low abundances and a few extremely high values, both for all mosquito species grouped and for <em>Culex pipiens</em> and <em>Aedes aegypti</em> separately. The median abundance of mosquitoes per infested tyre was 35, decreasing to 30 for <em>Cx. pipiens</em> and 17 for <em>Ae. aegypti</em>. These values ​​increased significantly across tyre categories for mosquitoes (<em>J-T</em> = 5525, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and <em>Cx. pipiens</em> (<em>J-T</em> = 2275, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but not for <em>Ae. aegypti</em> (<em>J-T</em> = 1526, <em>p</em> = 0.472). The comparison between vertical and horizontal positions was not significant for both vector species. Our methodological approach could be particularly useful in research addressing the assessment of disease risk associated with mosquito productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of climate change with physiological changes in adult Aedes albopictus","authors":"Chinazom Enukoha ,&nbsp;Asghar Talbalaghi ,&nbsp;Sahar Hassandoust ,&nbsp;Fabio Fossati ,&nbsp;Marco Bazzoni ,&nbsp;Simone Parisato ,&nbsp;David Puccioni ,&nbsp;Laura Erbetta ,&nbsp;Peyman Ghaffari","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of unprecedented climate change conditions on the environment has attracted the attention of experts from various disciplines who wish to predict its evolution. This is due to its interaction with population health and people's quality of life. The emergence of vector-borne diseases (VBD) in Europe, particularly caused by invasive mosquitoes, has resulted in autochthonous transmission of Dengue and Chikungunya virus cases. In this contribution, we delve into the significant decline in the population of tiger mosquitoes and the noticeable reduction in their size, related to the changes that occur often in years with low rainfall and high temperatures during the summer months. This change can be traced to the morphology of the species, which has been analysed in this work and related to the possible enhanced transmission efficiency and susceptibility of vectors to VBD dissemination. Due to the greater susceptibility to pathogen replication and subsequent transmission of the pathogens to a host during blood feeding, these morphologically distinct species relatively seem to be an efficient vector. The relationship between the sizes of studied mosquitoes and rainfall levels requires more research by mathematical epidemiologists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LarvaeCountAI: a robust convolutional neural network-based tool for accurately counting the larvae of Culex annulirostris mosquitoes","authors":"Nouman Javed ,&nbsp;Adam J. López-Denman ,&nbsp;Prasad N. Paradkar ,&nbsp;Asim Bhatti","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate counting of mosquito larval populations is essential for maintaining optimal conditions and population control within rearing facilities, assessing disease transmission risks, and implementing effective vector control measures. While existing methods for counting mosquito larvae have faced challenges such as the impact on larval mortality rate, multiple parameters adjustment and limitations in availability and affordability, recent advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly in AI-driven visual analysis, hold promise for addressing these issues. Here, we introduce LarvaeCountAI, an open-source convolutional neural network (CNN)-based tool designed to automatically count <em>Culex annulirostris</em> mosquito larvae from videos captured in laboratory environments. LarvaeCountAI does not require videos to be recorded using an advanced setup; it can count larvae with high accuracy from videos captured using a simple setup mainly consisting of a camera and commonly used plastic trays. Using the videos enables LarvaeCountAI to capitalise on the continuous movement of larvae, enhancing the likelihood of accurately counting a greater number of larvae. LarvaeCountAI adopts a non-invasive approach, where larvae are simply placed in trays and imaged, minimising any potential impact on larval mortality. This approach addresses the limitations associated with previous methods involving mechanical machines, which often increase the risk of larval mortality as larvae pass through multiple sections for counting purposes. The performance of LarvaeCountAI was tested using 10 video samples. Validation results demonstrated the excellent performance of LarvaeCountAI, with an accuracy ranging from 96.25 % to 99.13 % across 10 test videos and an average accuracy of 97.88 %. LarvaeCountAI represents a remarkable advancement in mosquito surveillance technology, offering a robust and efficient solution for monitoring larval populations. LarvaeCountAI can contribute to developing effective strategies for reducing disease transmission and safeguarding public health by providing timely and accurate data on mosquito larvae abundance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Leptospira spp. infection in pet cats in Croatia: Clinical, serological and molecular findings with emphasis on the potential important role of serogroup Pomona","authors":"Iva Benvin ,&nbsp;Daniel Fitz ,&nbsp;Vesna Mojčec Perko ,&nbsp;Maja Maurić Maljković ,&nbsp;Vlasta Đurić ,&nbsp;Josipa Habuš ,&nbsp;Zrinka Štritof ,&nbsp;Matko Perharić ,&nbsp;Suzana Hađina ,&nbsp;Iva Zečević ,&nbsp;Nenad Turk","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis, a globally re-emerging zoonosis caused by pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spp., poses a significant threat to public health. Leptospirosis in cats is often neglected due to its high underdiagnosis. Therefore, the role of cats in disease transmission and bacterial maintenance in the environment remains unclear. For this study, 54 serum samples, 54 urine samples and 27 EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples from pet cats presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital due to health problems were used. The serum samples were tested for antibodies against 12 pathogenic serovars of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). EDTA-anticoagulated blood and urine samples were tested for the <em>lipL32</em> gene of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spp. by conventional (PCR) and real-time (qPCR) polymerase chain reaction. Agglutinating antibodies were detected in 18.52% (10/54) of the sera with a titre range of 1:50 to 1:12800. The most common serogroup was Pomona, followed by Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis and Javanica. <em>Leptospira</em> spp. DNA was found in 1.85% (1/54) of the urine samples, while all EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples were negative. A statistically significant difference in seropositivity regarding lifestyle was found between outdoor/indoor and indoor-only cats, while the presence of another cat in the household significantly increased the likelihood of seropositivity. Cats with immunocompromising conditions showed a significantly increased risk of seropositivity, especially those undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. In addition, respiratory signs and changes in lung structure associated with the presence of leptospiral antibodies, and these cats were more likely to be infected with the Pomona serogroup. Moreover, cats with anaemia, leucocytosis, and thrombocytopenia were significantly more likely to have antibodies against <em>Leptospira</em> spp., while seropositive cats had significantly lower urine-specific gravity compared to seronegative cats. The results underline the importance of raising awareness of feline leptospirosis in veterinary care and recognising pet cats as potential carriers of leptospires. Further research is needed to clarify the specific role of the Pomona serogroup as a potentially highly evolutionary drifting serogroup in terms of pathogenicity and to clarify the zoonotic potential of infected cats, which is crucial for the implementation of effective public health measures and veterinary interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isatin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives: Synthesis, molecular docking and evaluation against acute experimental toxoplasmosis","authors":"Fadwa M. Arafa ,&nbsp;Nehal N. Hezema ,&nbsp;Ateyatallah Aljuhani ,&nbsp;Mohamed R. Aouad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hagar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Zakaria ,&nbsp;Nadjet Rezki ,&nbsp;Marwa M. Shaaban ,&nbsp;Sara A. Abdel Salam","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxoplasmosis remains a challenge for both public health and animal husbandry which created a constant demand to develop novel compounds using innovative methods. To join this relentless quest for an ideal chemotherapeutic agent, herein, we developed newly synthesized isatin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Three compounds (5a, 5b and 5c) were synthesized, characterized, loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and then evaluated accordingly. Initially, a molecular docking study was carried out which revealed the effective interaction with the target enzymes; purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) and <em>T. gondii</em> calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 (TgCDPK1). This was further substantiated by <em>in vivo</em> evaluation of the three compounds (5a-c) and their nanoformulae (5a-CNPs, 5b-CNPs, and 5c-CNPs) against acute <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection in murine model. It is worthy of note that all tested compounds and their nanoformulae produced a statistically significant reduction of parasite burden in both peritoneal fluid and liver impression smear and profound ultrastructural alterations, detected by scanning electron microscopy, compared to the infected non-treated control. The nanoformula 5c-CNPs yielded the most outstanding results with the highest tachyzoite reduction percentage in both peritoneal fluid (98.1%) and liver impression smear (95.3%). Furthermore, the serum levels of liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), and renal function tests (urea and creatinine) in mice were within normal limits which makes them more appealing candidates with proven safety. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first <em>in silico</em> and <em>in vivo</em> study proving the anti-<em>Toxoplasma</em> effect of isatin-1,2,3- triazoles which paves the way for further development of isatin and triazole-based leads for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax population in northeast Myanmar assessed by amplicon sequencing of PvMSP1 and PvMSP3α","authors":"Xiaoyuan Wei ,&nbsp;Pallavi Malla ,&nbsp;Zenglei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaoqing Yang ,&nbsp;Yaming Cao ,&nbsp;Chengqi Wang ,&nbsp;Liwang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the baseline genetic diversity of the <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> population in an endemic area of northeast Myanmar at the onset of the malaria elimination campaign in the Greater Mekong Subregion. We genotyped 125 <em>P vivax</em> clinical samples at two merozoite surface protein loci, <em>PvMSP1</em> and <em>PvMSP3α</em>, by amplicon deep sequencing. Our study revealed that the parasite population in this region was highly diverse, identifying 60 <em>PvMSP1</em> and 98 <em>PvMSP3α</em> haplotypes, with haplotype diversity of 0.929 and 0.944, respectively. Remarkably, 97.6 % (122/125) of the patients harbored multiclonal infections with a mean multiplicity of infection of 4.18, indicating a relatively high transmission intensity. Neutrality tests and network analysis suggested a recent parasite population expansion, consistent with the concurrent malaria outbreak in the region. These findings underscore the existence of a highly diverse <em>P. vivax</em> population at the China-Myanmar border, highlighting the need for effective malaria control strategies to achieve the goal of regional malaria elimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supersaturated drug delivery system of albendazole salt-polymer complex for improving oral bioavailability and efficacy anti-secondary E. multilocularis","authors":"Chunhui Hu ,&nbsp;Xueping Zhong ,&nbsp;Chaoqun Li ,&nbsp;Haiying Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the supersaturation theory, this study devised two albendazole (ABZ) salt-polymer complexes that enhance the oral bioavailability and efficacy of secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) in rats. Solid characteristics, microstructure, and stability of ABZ benzenesulfonate (ABZ-BSA) and ABZ methanesulfonate (ABZ-MSA) were evaluated. The equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate of salt were measured across different pH environments to determine its potential for generating supersaturation. Polymer crystallization inhibitors were subsequently introduced to assess their impact on sustaining supersaturation. The pharmacokinetics and anti-echinococcosis effects of ABZ were evaluated in healthy SD and HAE rats. The characteristic peaks corresponding to amino acid esters and benzimidazole in the ABZ salt structure either shifted or disappeared, corroborated by PXRD, signifying successful ABZ salt preparation. Furthermore, reductions in the melting point and enthalpy of the salts were observed, along with discernible differences in microstructure compared to ABZ. The drug salts exhibited a significant increase in apparent solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate of ABZ, thus laying the groundwork for supersaturation. Stability assessments indicated that salts were susceptible to moisture absorption, necessitating stringent humidity control measures. Notably, HPMC-AS demonstrated promising capabilities in sustaining supersaturation. Finally, pharmacokinetic analyses revealed a substantial increase in the AUC of ABZ-BSA-H and ABZ-MSA-H by 7.6 and 20.3 times, respectively, compared to ABZ <em>in vivo</em>. After a 30-day once-daily oral administration of the Salts and ABZ to SD rats with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, the ABZ-BSA-H and ABZ-MSA-H formulation demonstrated a cysts inhibition effect 9.2-fold and 15.3-fold greater than that of ABZ. The salt-HPMC-AS complex could potentially be developed into an improved anti-AE drug therapy. Therefore, the salt-HPMC-AS complex could be developed into an enhanced anti-AE drug therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}