Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000345
Ofosu Akb, Ofosu-Budu Gk, Norman Jc, P. Amoah
The use of quality growth medium can enhance growth and development of oil palm seedlings as the continual use of soil alone in oil palm nursery operations is becoming environmentally unsustainable. Organic materials such as biochar and compost have been found not only to reduce the amount of top soil used in the nursery but also have the potential to provide adequate nutrients for oil palm seedling growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate different growing media (soil only, soil amended with rice husk biochar (RHB) and compost (CO); at different ratios (1:1), (1:1:1), (1:1:2) and (1:2:1). The effect of type of growing media on the physico-chemical properties were monitored. In addition, the vegetative growth parameters, dry weight of seedlings and plant nutrient uptake of the seedlings were measured. Water holding capacity of the media increased with an increase in compost while increasing the RHB did not reflect any direct pattern in the water holding capacity of the growing medium. Generally, organic materials (biochar, compost) based growth media treatments recorded higher and significant differences in the parameters monitored compared to the treatment that did not receive any organic amendments. The soil+RHB +CO, 1:1:2 growth media recorded the highest vegetative growth and nutrient uptake compared to the control (Soil only).
{"title":"Growth, Dry Matter Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Oil Palm Seedlings ( Elaies guineensis Jacq.) as Affected by Different Soil Ammendments","authors":"Ofosu Akb, Ofosu-Budu Gk, Norman Jc, P. Amoah","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000345","url":null,"abstract":"The use of quality growth medium can enhance growth and development of oil palm seedlings as the continual use of soil alone in oil palm nursery operations is becoming environmentally unsustainable. Organic materials such as biochar and compost have been found not only to reduce the amount of top soil used in the nursery but also have the potential to provide adequate nutrients for oil palm seedling growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate different growing media (soil only, soil amended with rice husk biochar (RHB) and compost (CO); at different ratios (1:1), (1:1:1), (1:1:2) and (1:2:1). The effect of type of growing media on the physico-chemical properties were monitored. In addition, the vegetative growth parameters, dry weight of seedlings and plant nutrient uptake of the seedlings were measured. Water holding capacity of the media increased with an increase in compost while increasing the RHB did not reflect any direct pattern in the water holding capacity of the growing medium. Generally, organic materials (biochar, compost) based growth media treatments recorded higher and significant differences in the parameters monitored compared to the treatment that did not receive any organic amendments. The soil+RHB +CO, 1:1:2 growth media recorded the highest vegetative growth and nutrient uptake compared to the control (Soil only).","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73420204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000393
J. Norsworthy, Michael Fogleman, T. Barber, E. Gbur
Limited options for controlling herbicide-resistant weedy rice and barnyard grass in Arkansas rice has led to the exploration of alternative herbicide sites of action (SOA). Very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides have been used successfully in US row crops and Asian rice production for control of annual grasses and smallseeded broadleaves but are not labeled for use in US rice. Preliminary experiments have indicated adequate rice tolerance to acetochlor and pethoxamid; however, limited weed control information in rice systems is available. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate weed control with early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid on weedy rice and annual grasses in rice. In separate experiments, microencapsulated acetochlor at 1050 and 1470 g ai ha-1 or pethoxamid at 420 and 840 g ai ha-1 was applied alone delayed preemergence (DPRE), at spiking, 1-2 leaf, and 1-2 leaf rice. In both years, injury less than 10 and 20% was observed for all acetochlor and pethoxamid treatments, respectively, 2 weeks after treatment (WAT). Both herbicides controlled barnyard grass >92% and suppressed weedy rice 33 to 63% 2 WAT. Regardless of application timing or rate, acetochlor and pethoxamid reduced weedy rice density relative to the non-treated 4 WAT. Control of weedy rice, barnyard grass, broadleaf signal-grass, and large crabgrass was maximized when either herbicide was applied DPRE or to spiking rice and generally decreased as application timing was delayed. Furthermore, control of weed species early in the season influenced rough rice yield, as the highest yields were harvested when acetochlor or pethoxamid was applied DPRE or at spiking. Residual control of annual grasses and suppression of weedy rice from early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid indicate they could be valuable in a season-long rice herbicide program while providing an alternative SOA to combat herbicide-resistant weeds.
{"title":"Efficacy of Early-Season Applications of Acetochlor and Pethoxamid in Rice","authors":"J. Norsworthy, Michael Fogleman, T. Barber, E. Gbur","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000393","url":null,"abstract":"Limited options for controlling herbicide-resistant weedy rice and barnyard grass in Arkansas rice has led to the exploration of alternative herbicide sites of action (SOA). Very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides have been used successfully in US row crops and Asian rice production for control of annual grasses and smallseeded broadleaves but are not labeled for use in US rice. Preliminary experiments have indicated adequate rice tolerance to acetochlor and pethoxamid; however, limited weed control information in rice systems is available. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate weed control with early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid on weedy rice and annual grasses in rice. In separate experiments, microencapsulated acetochlor at 1050 and 1470 g ai ha-1 or pethoxamid at 420 and 840 g ai ha-1 was applied alone delayed preemergence (DPRE), at spiking, 1-2 leaf, and 1-2 leaf rice. In both years, injury less than 10 and 20% was observed for all acetochlor and pethoxamid treatments, respectively, 2 weeks after treatment (WAT). Both herbicides controlled barnyard grass >92% and suppressed weedy rice 33 to 63% 2 WAT. Regardless of application timing or rate, acetochlor and pethoxamid reduced weedy rice density relative to the non-treated 4 WAT. Control of weedy rice, barnyard grass, broadleaf signal-grass, and large crabgrass was maximized when either herbicide was applied DPRE or to spiking rice and generally decreased as application timing was delayed. Furthermore, control of weed species early in the season influenced rough rice yield, as the highest yields were harvested when acetochlor or pethoxamid was applied DPRE or at spiking. Residual control of annual grasses and suppression of weedy rice from early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid indicate they could be valuable in a season-long rice herbicide program while providing an alternative SOA to combat herbicide-resistant weeds.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85142936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000351
S. M. Martin, J. Norsworthy, R. Scott, J. Hardke, G. Lorenz, E. Gbur
Increases in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds in rice has led to the need for new herbicides and modes of action to control these troublesome weeds. Previous research has indicated that insecticide seed treatments can safen rice from herbicide drift. In 2014 and 2015, two field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, Arkansas, and at the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff (UAPB) farm near Lonoke, Arkansas, to determine if insecticide seed treatments could prevent unacceptable levels of herbicide injury from preemergence (PRE)- and postemergence (POST)-applied herbicides that are typically injurious to rice. Both studies were planted with the imidazolinone-resistant, inbred variety CL151. ‘Treated’ plots contained the insecticide seed treatment thiamethoxam while ‘nontreated’ plots contained no insecticide seed treatment. Seven herbicides were evaluated in the PRE experiment: clomazone, pethoxamid, fluridone, S-metolachlor, thiobencarb, clethodim, and quizalofop to determine crop injury, stand counts, groundcover, and rough rice yield with and without an insecticide seed treatment compared to plots with no herbicide treatments. Overall, an insecticide seed treatment provided increased rice stands and less herbicide injury than the ‘nontreated’ seed while increasing yield by 500 kg ha-1. Of the herbicides tested, clomazone-, thiobencarb-, clethodim-, and quizalofop-treated plots had equivalent yields to the no-herbicide plots. The POST experiment evaluated propanil, saflufenacil, carfentrazone, and acifluorfen in various tank-mixtures and application timings. Similar to the PRE experiment, plants from treated seed had less herbicide injury 1 and 5 weeks after treatment (WAT) along with an increased canopy height and groundcover percentage. Plants having treated seed also had increased yields when used with some herbicide programs. Overall, the use of an insecticide seed treatment can give the added benefit of less injury from injurious herbicides as well as increased groundcover.
水稻中抗除草剂杂草数量的增加导致需要新的除草剂和行动方式来控制这些麻烦的杂草。以前的研究表明，杀虫剂种子处理可以防止除草剂对水稻的影响。2014年和2015年，在阿肯色州斯图加特附近的水稻研究与推广中心(RREC)和阿肯色州洛诺克附近的阿肯色大学松布拉夫(UAPB)农场进行了两项田间试验，以确定杀虫剂种子处理是否可以防止出苗前(PRE)和出苗后(POST)施用除草剂造成的不可接受水平的除草剂伤害，这些除草剂通常对水稻有害。这两项研究都用抗咪唑啉酮的自交系品种CL151种植。“处理过”的地块含有杀虫剂种子处理剂噻虫嗪，而“未处理”的地块不含杀虫剂种子处理。在PRE试验中评估了七种除草剂:氯马酮、聚噻虫胺、氟立酮、s -甲草胺、硫虫威、氯噻虫胺和quizalofop，以确定与未进行除草剂种子处理的地块相比，有和没有进行杀虫剂种子处理的作物伤害、林分数、地被覆盖和粗粮产量。总体而言，与“未处理”种子相比，杀虫剂种子处理增加了水稻林分，减少了除草剂伤害，同时增加了500 kg ha-1的产量。在所测试的除草剂中，氯虫酮、硫虫威、氯虫啶和喹唑磷处理过的地块与未使用除草剂的地块产量相当。POST实验评估了丙烯、氟苯那西、卡芬曲酮和氟氟芬在不同的罐体混合物和应用时间。与PRE试验相似，处理后1周和5周，处理种子的植株受到的除草剂伤害较少，冠层高度和地被物百分比均有所增加。处理过种子的植物在与某些除草剂一起使用时也增加了产量。总的来说，使用杀虫剂种子处理可以带来额外的好处，减少有害除草剂的伤害以及增加地面覆盖。
{"title":"Effect of Thiamethoxam on Injurious Herbicides in Rice","authors":"S. M. Martin, J. Norsworthy, R. Scott, J. Hardke, G. Lorenz, E. Gbur","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000351","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds in rice has led to the need for new herbicides and modes of action to control these troublesome weeds. Previous research has indicated that insecticide seed treatments can safen rice from herbicide drift. In 2014 and 2015, two field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, Arkansas, and at the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff (UAPB) farm near Lonoke, Arkansas, to determine if insecticide seed treatments could prevent unacceptable levels of herbicide injury from preemergence (PRE)- and postemergence (POST)-applied herbicides that are typically injurious to rice. Both studies were planted with the imidazolinone-resistant, inbred variety CL151. ‘Treated’ plots contained the insecticide seed treatment thiamethoxam while ‘nontreated’ plots contained no insecticide seed treatment. Seven herbicides were evaluated in the PRE experiment: clomazone, pethoxamid, fluridone, S-metolachlor, thiobencarb, clethodim, and quizalofop to determine crop injury, stand counts, groundcover, and rough rice yield with and without an insecticide seed treatment compared to plots with no herbicide treatments. Overall, an insecticide seed treatment provided increased rice stands and less herbicide injury than the ‘nontreated’ seed while increasing yield by 500 kg ha-1. Of the herbicides tested, clomazone-, thiobencarb-, clethodim-, and quizalofop-treated plots had equivalent yields to the no-herbicide plots. The POST experiment evaluated propanil, saflufenacil, carfentrazone, and acifluorfen in various tank-mixtures and application timings. Similar to the PRE experiment, plants from treated seed had less herbicide injury 1 and 5 weeks after treatment (WAT) along with an increased canopy height and groundcover percentage. Plants having treated seed also had increased yields when used with some herbicide programs. Overall, the use of an insecticide seed treatment can give the added benefit of less injury from injurious herbicides as well as increased groundcover.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89184658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000373
M. Kashif, M. Javed, Shafiullah, Arshad Ali, G. R. Khan, A. Rahman, J. Alam, S. Siraj
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of different planting methods and nitrogen sources on yield and yield components of spring maize at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring 2016 and 2017. Research work was carried out in randomized complete block design having total number of four replication. Different planting methods (ridge, raised bed and flat) were assigned to main plot while different nitrogen sources (poultry manure, FYM, urea and press-mud) were allotted to sub plots. Organic manures were applied manually into soil one week before maize sowing. Analysis of data showed that all parameters of spring maize were significantly affected by different planting methods except N-uptake. Maximum grain yield (3695 kg ha-1), biological yield (9485 kg ha-1) and grains ear-1 (393) were recorded in ridge planting method. Similarly, all yield parameters were also significantly affected by different nitrogen sources. Maximum grain yield (4350 kg ha-1), biological yield (10103 kg ha-1), grains ear-1 (449) and total N-uptake were recorded in poultry manure applied plots. Thus, it is concluded that ridge planting method and poultry manure resulted maximum grain yield and biological yield of spring maize as compared to other treatments.
2016年和2017年春季，在白沙瓦农业大学农学研究农场进行了不同种植方式和氮源对春玉米产量和产量组成的影响。研究工作采用随机完全区组设计，共4个重复。主地块采用垄作、垄作、平作三种不同的种植方式，次地块采用不同的氮源(禽粪、FYM、尿素和压泥)。在玉米播种前一周，人工向土壤中施用有机肥料。数据分析表明，不同种植方式对春玉米除氮素吸收量外的其他参数均有显著影响。垄作法籽粒产量最高(3695 kg ha-1)，生物产量最高(9485 kg ha-1)，籽粒穗数最高(393粒)。同样，不同氮源对所有产量参数也有显著影响。施用家禽肥的地块记录了最高粮食产量(4350 kg ha-1)、生物产量(10103 kg ha-1)、籽粒穗数(449)和总氮吸收量。综上所述，与其他处理相比，垄作和禽肥处理的春玉米籽粒产量和生物产量最高。
{"title":"Effect of Planting Methods and Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Yield Components and N-Uptake of Spring Maize","authors":"M. Kashif, M. Javed, Shafiullah, Arshad Ali, G. R. Khan, A. Rahman, J. Alam, S. Siraj","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000373","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of different planting methods and nitrogen sources on yield and yield components of spring maize at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring 2016 and 2017. Research work was carried out in randomized complete block design having total number of four replication. Different planting methods (ridge, raised bed and flat) were assigned to main plot while different nitrogen sources (poultry manure, FYM, urea and press-mud) were allotted to sub plots. Organic manures were applied manually into soil one week before maize sowing. Analysis of data showed that all parameters of spring maize were significantly affected by different planting methods except N-uptake. Maximum grain yield (3695 kg ha-1), biological yield (9485 kg ha-1) and grains ear-1 (393) were recorded in ridge planting method. Similarly, all yield parameters were also significantly affected by different nitrogen sources. Maximum grain yield (4350 kg ha-1), biological yield (10103 kg ha-1), grains ear-1 (449) and total N-uptake were recorded in poultry manure applied plots. Thus, it is concluded that ridge planting method and poultry manure resulted maximum grain yield and biological yield of spring maize as compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89073877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000392
A. Isoda, K. Komaki
{"title":"Varietal Differences in Flowering, Pod Setting and Photosynthesis in Soybean Under High Temperature Conditions","authors":"A. Isoda, K. Komaki","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90362707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000372
Oyebanji O. Alagbo, O. Akinyemiju
Report has shown that effective weed management strategy will result in better productivity which will in turn improve food security in Nigeria. However, little is known about weed management strategies practices by rice farmers and their performance in southwest agro-ecological zone. The aims of this study were to determine the weed management practices among lowland rice farmers and to assess the factors limiting productivity of lowland rice farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. Survey on weed management practice among lowland farmers in Southwestern Nigeria was carried out. A multistage sampling technique was adopted for this study. Ondo and Ekiti states were purposely selected with four local governments in each state. Questionnaires were administered to 200 rice farmers in rice producing villages visited. All data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study shows that 99% of farmers adopted chemical weed control than other methods. Pre-plant herbicides namely; glyphosate and paraquat were more available to lowland rice farmers in SW than post-emergence herbicides however, most products are applied with little or no reference to recommended rate. Also, most farmers cannot afford the cost of herbicide products, only few farmers (6%) have limited financial support consequent to poor literacy level among rice farmers in Southwest. It is recommended that weed scientists and weed control extension officers are needed to train farmers on effective weed management strategies. Adequate funding support for lowland rice farmers will enhance effective weed management in southwestern agro-ecological zone.
{"title":"Weed Management Practices by Lowland Rice Farmers in the South West of Nigeria","authors":"Oyebanji O. Alagbo, O. Akinyemiju","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000372","url":null,"abstract":"Report has shown that effective weed management strategy will result in better productivity which will in turn improve food security in Nigeria. However, little is known about weed management strategies practices by rice farmers and their performance in southwest agro-ecological zone. The aims of this study were to determine the weed management practices among lowland rice farmers and to assess the factors limiting productivity of lowland rice farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. Survey on weed management practice among lowland farmers in Southwestern Nigeria was carried out. A multistage sampling technique was adopted for this study. Ondo and Ekiti states were purposely selected with four local governments in each state. Questionnaires were administered to 200 rice farmers in rice producing villages visited. All data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study shows that 99% of farmers adopted chemical weed control than other methods. Pre-plant herbicides namely; glyphosate and paraquat were more available to lowland rice farmers in SW than post-emergence herbicides however, most products are applied with little or no reference to recommended rate. Also, most farmers cannot afford the cost of herbicide products, only few farmers (6%) have limited financial support consequent to poor literacy level among rice farmers in Southwest. It is recommended that weed scientists and weed control extension officers are needed to train farmers on effective weed management strategies. Adequate funding support for lowland rice farmers will enhance effective weed management in southwestern agro-ecological zone.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76638557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000326
F. Negash, Tewodros Mulualem, K. Fikirie
Offensive land uses system with continuous growing of similar crops on the same land largely affect soil physical condition, crop development and had big concerns on long term adverse effects of environmental pollution. The choice of sequence highly based on agricultural system, finance and environmental condition. Conventional monoculture agricultural systems can reduce the soil organic matter contents and structures. The accumulation of crop residues with frequent inclusion of pulse crops in a rotation is vital to improve the biochemical and physical properties of the soil via increasing the labile of organic matter. Surface residue of crops is one of the most effective erosion control measures and increase soil moisture content. Different crops have dissimilar growth and development periods thus, one crop may provide protection from erosive forces during a period of the year and the other may not. Besides, crop rotation combines with different management practices are essential to improve the physical, chemical, biological properties of the soil and thereby control erosion and to maximize crop yield by maintain soil moisture and control disease and pests infestation.
{"title":"Effect of Cropping Sequence on Agricultural Crops: Implications for Productivity and Utilization of Natural Resources","authors":"F. Negash, Tewodros Mulualem, K. Fikirie","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000326","url":null,"abstract":"Offensive land uses system with continuous growing of similar crops on the same land largely affect soil physical condition, crop development and had big concerns on long term adverse effects of environmental pollution. The choice of sequence highly based on agricultural system, finance and environmental condition. Conventional monoculture agricultural systems can reduce the soil organic matter contents and structures. The accumulation of crop residues with frequent inclusion of pulse crops in a rotation is vital to improve the biochemical and physical properties of the soil via increasing the labile of organic matter. Surface residue of crops is one of the most effective erosion control measures and increase soil moisture content. Different crops have dissimilar growth and development periods thus, one crop may provide protection from erosive forces during a period of the year and the other may not. Besides, crop rotation combines with different management practices are essential to improve the physical, chemical, biological properties of the soil and thereby control erosion and to maximize crop yield by maintain soil moisture and control disease and pests infestation.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75694846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000396
Alemayehu Dengia, E. Lantinga
{"title":"Effect of Pre-Harvest Cane Burning on Human Health, Soil Quality and Rate of Cane Moisture Loss in Ethiopian Sugarcane Plantations","authors":"Alemayehu Dengia, E. Lantinga","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88552782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000391
Aprajita Srivastava
The most challenging part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs) of ending poverty in “all its form from the planet” is to provide food to 1.45 billion poor people including 689 million, children living in 103 countries. Our finding shows that most of farming communities don't possess knowledge and skill to use new methods of food and livestock production. The farmers in many countries are uneducated and depend upon traditional myths and methods for predicting the season and cultivation. They are deprived of the benefits of the modern researches and largely ignorant of their roles in preventing climate change and sustaining the planet's natural resources. Failure of states, its national economic and banking institutions, high level of corruption, poor implementation of policies, absence of proper marketing facilities, profit making behavior of middle men, lack of finances with the farmers are other key factors. They need to be skilled in areas such as precision farming, proper and optimal use of seeds and fertilizers, availing the benefits of the government policies and banking institutions, understanding the methods for selling their products profitably in the market, apart from the new tools and technology to enhance their production. In our studies, we found that it is possible only by use of ICT technology. Further, our study found that their interest in sustaining planet's natural resources, stopping the use of chemical fertilizers, growing organic food and maintaining climate requires sustained efforts in attitudinal changes. Execution of technology assisted skill development projects in part of India and Ethiopia and their sustained monitoring for many years by us showed that the farmers get motivated and use the new technology when they find the benefits in terms of improved yield and financial gains. They especially get encouraged to use technology to find solutions when they face draught, flood, pest/worm attack and for availing benefit of government schemes. The paper further propounds that the use of emerging technologies for smart farming needs a new radical approach to R&D and farmer's education.
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Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000371
Amjad Ali, S. Khan, M. Tahir, A. Farid, A. Khan, S. Khan, N. Ali
The present investigation was carried out to study the association of quality traits with cane yield to establish an appropriate selection strategy based on quality characters. Sixteen sugarcane genotypes comprising two check cultivars were assessed during 2012-15 using RCB design with three replications. Data were collected on brix (%), polarized sugar (%), purity (%), sugar recovery (%) and cane yield (t ha-1). Analysis of variance exhibited highly significant differences between crops for all parameters except brix (%). Among the genotypes highly significant differences were observed for brix (%), polarized sugar (%) and cane yield (t ha-1). Crops × genotypes revealed highly significant differences for cane yield (t ha-1). Genotypes MS-92-CP-99 (72.92 t ha-1), MS-2000-Ho-360 (72.13 t ha-1), MS-2003-HS-274 (72.04 t ha-1) and MS-91-CP-523(71.58 t ha-1) showed superiority regarding cane yield. Positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed for all the traits with cane yield (t/ha) except purity %. Brix % and polarized sugar % showed highly significant and positive correlation with sugar recovery % at genotypic (0.66**, 0.74**) and phenotypic (0.67**, 0.79**) levels. Brix % showed highly significant correlation with polarized sugar (%) at genotypic (1.00**) and phenotypic (0.95**) level. Path analysis showed that highest positive direct effect on cane yield (t ha-1) is exerted by sugar recovery % at genotypic (0.42) and phenotypic (1.94) level showing its importance in clonal selection program for evolving improved sugarcane genotypes. It is suggested that the quality parameters should be taken in to consideration in clonal selection program for evolving improved sugarcane genotypes. Moreover, the genotypes with high cane yield and sugar recovery should be evaluated further.
本研究旨在研究甘蔗品质性状与产量的关系，以建立适合甘蔗品质性状的选择策略。采用RCB设计，3个重复，对2012- 2015年的16个甘蔗基因型(包括2个对照品种)进行了评估。收集了糖度(%)、极化糖(%)、纯度(%)、糖回收率(%)和甘蔗产量(t ha-1)的数据。方差分析显示，除糖度(%)外，作物间各参数差异均极显著。在不同基因型中，糖度(%)、极化糖(%)和甘蔗产量(t ha-1)差异极显著。不同基因型作物的甘蔗产量差异极显著(t ha-1)。基因型MS-92-CP-99 (72.92 t ha-1)、MS-2000-Ho-360 (72.13 t ha-1)、MS-2003-HS-274 (72.04 t ha-1)和MS-91-CP-523(71.58 t ha-1)表现出甘蔗产量优势。除纯度%外，所有性状与甘蔗产量(t/ha)均呈显著的表型和基因型正相关。糖度%和极化糖%与糖回收率%在基因型(0.66**，0.74**)和表型(0.67**，0.79**)水平上呈极显著正相关。在基因型(1.00**)和表型(0.95**)水平上，Brix %与极化糖(%)呈极显著相关。通径分析表明，糖回收率在基因型(0.42)和表型(1.94)水平上对甘蔗产量(t ha-1)的直接正向影响最大，表明其在甘蔗改良基因型的克隆选择程序中具有重要意义。建议在甘蔗改良基因型的克隆选择中应考虑品质参数。此外，甘蔗产量高、糖回收率高的基因型还有待进一步评价。
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