Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00307-z
Dylan Vermoortele, Camilla Olianti, Matthew Amoni, Francesco Giardini, Stijn De Buck, Chandan K. Nagaraju, Rik Willems, H. Llewellyn Roderick, Karin R. Sipido, Leonardo Sacconi, Piet Claus
Ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction (MI) originate from discrete areas within the MI border zone (BZ), identified during functional electrophysiology tests. Accurate sampling of arrhythmogenic sites for ex-vivo study remains challenging, yet is critical to identify their tissue, cellular and molecular signature. In this study, we developed, validated, and applied a targeted sampling methodology based on individualized 3D prints of the human-sized pig heart. To this end, 3D anatomical models of the left ventricle were created from magnetic resonance imaging and fused with biplane fluoroscopy. Regions of interest for sampling were annotated on the anatomical models, from which we created a unique 3D printed cast with custom slits identifying the annotated regions for sampling. The methodology was validated by retrieving ablation lesions created at predefined locations on the anatomical model. We applied the methodology to sample arrhythmia-vulnerable regions after MI during adrenergic stimulation. A pipeline of imaging was developed to create a 3D high-resolution map of each sample, highlighting the complex interplay of cellular organization, and altered innervation in the BZ. Dr Piet Claus and colleagues report a method to extract tissue samples from a human-sized pig heart used for studying discrete arrhythmogenic sites. They determine locations for marking and sectioning by using a 3D printed model that is derived from MRI images, allowing them to correlate structural imaging with prior information obtained in vivo.
{"title":"Precision sampling of discrete sites identified during in-vivo functional testing in the mammalian heart","authors":"Dylan Vermoortele, Camilla Olianti, Matthew Amoni, Francesco Giardini, Stijn De Buck, Chandan K. Nagaraju, Rik Willems, H. Llewellyn Roderick, Karin R. Sipido, Leonardo Sacconi, Piet Claus","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00307-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00307-z","url":null,"abstract":"Ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction (MI) originate from discrete areas within the MI border zone (BZ), identified during functional electrophysiology tests. Accurate sampling of arrhythmogenic sites for ex-vivo study remains challenging, yet is critical to identify their tissue, cellular and molecular signature. In this study, we developed, validated, and applied a targeted sampling methodology based on individualized 3D prints of the human-sized pig heart. To this end, 3D anatomical models of the left ventricle were created from magnetic resonance imaging and fused with biplane fluoroscopy. Regions of interest for sampling were annotated on the anatomical models, from which we created a unique 3D printed cast with custom slits identifying the annotated regions for sampling. The methodology was validated by retrieving ablation lesions created at predefined locations on the anatomical model. We applied the methodology to sample arrhythmia-vulnerable regions after MI during adrenergic stimulation. A pipeline of imaging was developed to create a 3D high-resolution map of each sample, highlighting the complex interplay of cellular organization, and altered innervation in the BZ. Dr Piet Claus and colleagues report a method to extract tissue samples from a human-sized pig heart used for studying discrete arrhythmogenic sites. They determine locations for marking and sectioning by using a 3D printed model that is derived from MRI images, allowing them to correlate structural imaging with prior information obtained in vivo.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00307-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00314-0
Egor Manuylovich, Diego Argüello Ron, Morteza Kamalian-Kopae, Sergei K. Turitsyn
Various successful applications of deep artificial neural networks are effectively facilitated by the possibility to increase the number of layers and neurons in the network at the expense of the growing computational complexity. Increasing computational complexity to improve performance makes hardware implementation more difficult and directly affects both power consumption and the accumulation of signal processing latency, which are critical issues in many applications. Power consumption can be potentially reduced using analog neural networks, the performance of which, however, is limited by noise aggregation. Following the idea of physics-inspired machine learning, we propose here a type of neural network using stochastic resonances as a dynamic nonlinear node and demonstrate the possibility of considerably reducing the number of neurons required for a given prediction accuracy. We also observe that the performance of such neural networks is more robust against the impact of noise in the training data compared to conventional networks. Manuylovich and colleagues propose the use of stochastic resonances in neural networks as dynamic nonlinear nodes. They demonstrate the possibility of reducing the number of neurons for a given prediction accuracy and observe that the performance of such neural networks can be more robust against the impact of noise in the training data compared to the conventional networks.
{"title":"Robust neural networks using stochastic resonance neurons","authors":"Egor Manuylovich, Diego Argüello Ron, Morteza Kamalian-Kopae, Sergei K. Turitsyn","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00314-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00314-0","url":null,"abstract":"Various successful applications of deep artificial neural networks are effectively facilitated by the possibility to increase the number of layers and neurons in the network at the expense of the growing computational complexity. Increasing computational complexity to improve performance makes hardware implementation more difficult and directly affects both power consumption and the accumulation of signal processing latency, which are critical issues in many applications. Power consumption can be potentially reduced using analog neural networks, the performance of which, however, is limited by noise aggregation. Following the idea of physics-inspired machine learning, we propose here a type of neural network using stochastic resonances as a dynamic nonlinear node and demonstrate the possibility of considerably reducing the number of neurons required for a given prediction accuracy. We also observe that the performance of such neural networks is more robust against the impact of noise in the training data compared to conventional networks. Manuylovich and colleagues propose the use of stochastic resonances in neural networks as dynamic nonlinear nodes. They demonstrate the possibility of reducing the number of neurons for a given prediction accuracy and observe that the performance of such neural networks can be more robust against the impact of noise in the training data compared to the conventional networks.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00314-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00304-2
Andrea Lanubile, Pietro Bosoni, Gabriele Pozzato, Anirudh Allam, Matteo Acquarone, Simona Onori
Accurate estimation of battery state of health is crucial for effective electric vehicle battery management. Here, we propose five health indicators that can be extracted online from real-world electric vehicle operation and develop a machine learning-based method to estimate the battery state of health. The proposed indicators provide physical insights into the energy and power fade of the battery and enable accurate capacity estimation even with partially missing data. Moreover, they can be computed for portions of the charging profile and real-world driving discharging conditions, facilitating real-time battery degradation estimation. The indicators are computed using experimental data from five cells aged under electric vehicle conditions, and a linear regression model is used to estimate the state of health. The results show that models trained with power autocorrelation and energy-based features achieve capacity estimation with maximum absolute percentage error within 1.5% to 2.5%. Andrea Lanubile and colleagues develop a machine learning-based algorithm to estimate battery state of health during real world operations. The proposed method leads to highly accurate estimation even when partial battery data are missing.
{"title":"Domain knowledge-guided machine learning framework for state of health estimation in Lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Andrea Lanubile, Pietro Bosoni, Gabriele Pozzato, Anirudh Allam, Matteo Acquarone, Simona Onori","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00304-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00304-2","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimation of battery state of health is crucial for effective electric vehicle battery management. Here, we propose five health indicators that can be extracted online from real-world electric vehicle operation and develop a machine learning-based method to estimate the battery state of health. The proposed indicators provide physical insights into the energy and power fade of the battery and enable accurate capacity estimation even with partially missing data. Moreover, they can be computed for portions of the charging profile and real-world driving discharging conditions, facilitating real-time battery degradation estimation. The indicators are computed using experimental data from five cells aged under electric vehicle conditions, and a linear regression model is used to estimate the state of health. The results show that models trained with power autocorrelation and energy-based features achieve capacity estimation with maximum absolute percentage error within 1.5% to 2.5%. Andrea Lanubile and colleagues develop a machine learning-based algorithm to estimate battery state of health during real world operations. The proposed method leads to highly accurate estimation even when partial battery data are missing.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00311-3
Chuan Gao, Houlin Wang, Bin Zhou, Bin Wang, Rong Wang, Yunpeng Long, Dong Wang, Yue Peng, Junhua Li
Understanding Pd effects on NOx storage and release is crucial for designing passive NOx adsorber (PNA) to control NOx emissions during diesel cold-starts. Herein, we report two oxidation states of Pd species on CexZr1-xO2 regulated by metal-support interaction. Pdδ+ (0 < δ < 2) in Pd/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 exhibits a high affinity for O2 adsorption, which promotes the oxidation of adsorbed NO to nitrates at 100 °C. These nitrates are thermally unstable due to electron transfer from the Pd atom to the N-O bond, facilitating the decomposition of nitrates to NO2 above 200 °C. In contrast, Pd2+ in Pd/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 prefer to NO adsorption. A large amount of adsorbed NO and nitrites accumulate on Pd2+ and Ce4+ results in high levels of NO release below 200 °C. For the potential application in PNA, Pd/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 is recommended due to its proper NOx release temperature as well as better water and SO2 resistance. Pd-exchanged zeolites are widely studied as passive NOx adsorber materials for emission control for combustion engines. Here, Yue Peng and colleagues reveal that a relatively strong metal-support interaction between Pd and Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 leads to two oxidation states of Pd optimizing NOx storage efficiency and NOx release temperature.
了解钯对氮氧化物储存和释放的影响对于设计被动式氮氧化物吸附器（PNA）以控制柴油机冷启动时的氮氧化物排放至关重要。在此，我们报告了 CexZr1-xO2 上受金属-支撑相互作用调控的两种钯氧化态。Pd/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 中的 Pdδ+ (0 < δ < 2) 对 O2 具有很高的吸附亲和力，这促进了吸附的 NO 在 100 °C 下氧化成硝酸盐。由于电子从 Pd 原子转移到 N-O 键，这些硝酸盐具有热不稳定性，从而促进硝酸盐在 200 °C 以上分解为 NO2。相比之下，Pd/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 中的 Pd2+ 更倾向于吸附 NO。大量吸附的 NO 和亚硝酸盐在 Pd2+ 和 Ce4+ 上积累，导致大量 NO 在 200 °C 以下释放。由于 Pd/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 具有适当的氮氧化物释放温度以及更好的耐水性和耐二氧化硫性，因此建议将其用于 PNA 中。作为内燃机排放控制的被动氮氧化物吸附材料，Pd 交换沸石被广泛研究。岳鹏及其同事在此揭示了 Pd 与 Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 之间相对较强的金属-支撑相互作用会导致 Pd 的两种氧化态，从而优化氮氧化物存储效率和氮氧化物释放温度。
{"title":"Palladium-assisted NOx storage and release on CexZr1-xO2 for passive NOx adsorber in diesel exhaust aftertreatment","authors":"Chuan Gao, Houlin Wang, Bin Zhou, Bin Wang, Rong Wang, Yunpeng Long, Dong Wang, Yue Peng, Junhua Li","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00311-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00311-3","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding Pd effects on NOx storage and release is crucial for designing passive NOx adsorber (PNA) to control NOx emissions during diesel cold-starts. Herein, we report two oxidation states of Pd species on CexZr1-xO2 regulated by metal-support interaction. Pdδ+ (0 < δ < 2) in Pd/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 exhibits a high affinity for O2 adsorption, which promotes the oxidation of adsorbed NO to nitrates at 100 °C. These nitrates are thermally unstable due to electron transfer from the Pd atom to the N-O bond, facilitating the decomposition of nitrates to NO2 above 200 °C. In contrast, Pd2+ in Pd/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 prefer to NO adsorption. A large amount of adsorbed NO and nitrites accumulate on Pd2+ and Ce4+ results in high levels of NO release below 200 °C. For the potential application in PNA, Pd/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 is recommended due to its proper NOx release temperature as well as better water and SO2 resistance. Pd-exchanged zeolites are widely studied as passive NOx adsorber materials for emission control for combustion engines. Here, Yue Peng and colleagues reveal that a relatively strong metal-support interaction between Pd and Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 leads to two oxidation states of Pd optimizing NOx storage efficiency and NOx release temperature.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00311-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding biological activities in cells or deep tissues requires high-speed three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Substantial progress has been made with the emergence of 3D random-access microscopy. However, current solutions for fast 3D random-access imaging remain complex and costly. Herein we propose a simple, cost-effective, and fast 3D random-access confocal microscopy with remote focusing system. Our system shows isotropic response times across the x, y, and z axes, with a 34-fold improvement in axial response time over traditional piezo stages. We demonstrate its volumetric imaging performance with fluorescent particles and live cells. Furthermore, we validate the 3D random-access imaging capability of this system by continuously monitoring the signals in three different planes, showing a refresh rate of 500 Hz on two different positions in 3D. The simplicity, versatility, and affordability of our system promise widespread applications in research and industry. Haoyang Li, Quan Lu, Zhong Wang, and colleagues present a cost-effective and fast 3D random-access confocal microscopy. They demonstrate its performance of fluorescent particles and live Hela cells.
了解细胞或深层组织中的生物活动需要高速三维（3D）成像。随着三维随机存取显微镜的出现，该技术取得了长足的进步。然而，目前用于快速三维随机访问成像的解决方案仍然复杂而昂贵。在此，我们提出了一种简单、经济、快速的三维随机存取共聚焦显微镜远程聚焦系统。我们的系统在 x、y 和 z 轴上显示出各向同性的响应时间，轴向响应时间比传统压电平台提高了 34 倍。我们用荧光颗粒和活细胞演示了该系统的体积成像性能。此外，我们还通过连续监测三个不同平面上的信号，验证了该系统的三维随机访问成像能力，在三维的两个不同位置上显示出 500 Hz 的刷新率。我们的系统操作简单、功能多样、价格低廉，有望在科研和工业领域得到广泛应用。李浩洋、卢权、王忠及其同事提出了一种经济高效、快速的三维随机访问共聚焦显微镜。他们展示了该系统在荧光颗粒和活体 Hela 细胞方面的性能。
{"title":"Three-dimensional random-access confocal microscopy with 3D remote focusing system","authors":"Haoyang Li, Quan Lu, Zhong Wang, Wenbo Zhang, Yu Wu, Yandong Sun, Yue Hu, Lehui Xiao, Dongping Zhong, Suhui Deng, Shangguo Hou","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00320-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00320-2","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding biological activities in cells or deep tissues requires high-speed three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Substantial progress has been made with the emergence of 3D random-access microscopy. However, current solutions for fast 3D random-access imaging remain complex and costly. Herein we propose a simple, cost-effective, and fast 3D random-access confocal microscopy with remote focusing system. Our system shows isotropic response times across the x, y, and z axes, with a 34-fold improvement in axial response time over traditional piezo stages. We demonstrate its volumetric imaging performance with fluorescent particles and live cells. Furthermore, we validate the 3D random-access imaging capability of this system by continuously monitoring the signals in three different planes, showing a refresh rate of 500 Hz on two different positions in 3D. The simplicity, versatility, and affordability of our system promise widespread applications in research and industry. Haoyang Li, Quan Lu, Zhong Wang, and colleagues present a cost-effective and fast 3D random-access confocal microscopy. They demonstrate its performance of fluorescent particles and live Hela cells.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00320-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00312-2
Trevor Cannon, Ty Hagan, Trevor Kramer, David Schafer, Spencer Meeks, Ryan Medlin, Devin Roland, Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh, Rory Roberts
Condensation trail (contrail) formation in an airplane’s wake requires thermodynamics supersaturation and ice nucleation to form visible ice crystals. Here, using a thermodynamic analysis, we evaluate the potential for forming contrails in a carbon-free, ammonia-powered propulsion system compared to conventional planes powered by jet fuel. The analysis calculates the moisture released by fuel into the atmosphere for each one-degree increase in air temperature due to exhaust gas. It then determines if this moisture can saturate the initially undersaturated atmosphere, maintain saturation as temperature rises, and result in supersaturation with respect to ice while leaving enough moisture for a visible cloud to form. With ammonia increases the critical temperature required for supersaturation. Although ammonia does not generate soot particles in the exhaust gas, various aerosols exist in the atmosphere through other sources that can facilitate heterogeneous ice nucleation. Hence, while ammonia’s contrails might not be as dense, they can form at lower altitudes where the air is warmer and endure longer due to the increased water content, which preserves supersaturation for longer as fresh air dilutes the contrail. Trevor Cannon and colleagues evaluate the impact of a carbon-free, ammonia-powered propulsion system on contrail formation during flight. The report suggests that there are benefits compared to the use of conventional jet fuel from reduced soot formation. However, the increased critical temperatures caused by burning ammonia result could lead to increased volumes of more enduring contrails at lower altitudes.
{"title":"Thermodynamic evaluation of contrail formation from a conventional jet fuel and an ammonia-based aviation propulsion system","authors":"Trevor Cannon, Ty Hagan, Trevor Kramer, David Schafer, Spencer Meeks, Ryan Medlin, Devin Roland, Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh, Rory Roberts","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00312-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00312-2","url":null,"abstract":"Condensation trail (contrail) formation in an airplane’s wake requires thermodynamics supersaturation and ice nucleation to form visible ice crystals. Here, using a thermodynamic analysis, we evaluate the potential for forming contrails in a carbon-free, ammonia-powered propulsion system compared to conventional planes powered by jet fuel. The analysis calculates the moisture released by fuel into the atmosphere for each one-degree increase in air temperature due to exhaust gas. It then determines if this moisture can saturate the initially undersaturated atmosphere, maintain saturation as temperature rises, and result in supersaturation with respect to ice while leaving enough moisture for a visible cloud to form. With ammonia increases the critical temperature required for supersaturation. Although ammonia does not generate soot particles in the exhaust gas, various aerosols exist in the atmosphere through other sources that can facilitate heterogeneous ice nucleation. Hence, while ammonia’s contrails might not be as dense, they can form at lower altitudes where the air is warmer and endure longer due to the increased water content, which preserves supersaturation for longer as fresh air dilutes the contrail. Trevor Cannon and colleagues evaluate the impact of a carbon-free, ammonia-powered propulsion system on contrail formation during flight. The report suggests that there are benefits compared to the use of conventional jet fuel from reduced soot formation. However, the increased critical temperatures caused by burning ammonia result could lead to increased volumes of more enduring contrails at lower altitudes.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00312-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00315-z
D. P. Pattnaik, Y. Sharma, S. Savel’ev, P. Borisov, A. Akhter, A. Balanov, P. Ferreira
Diffusive memristors owing to their ability to produce current spiking when a constant or slowly changing voltage is applied are competitive candidates for development of artificial electronic neurons. These artificial neurons can be integrated into various prospective autonomous and robotic systems as sensors, e.g. ones implementing object grasping and classification. We report here Ag nanoparticle-based diffusive memristor prepared on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate in which the electric spiking behaviour was induced by the electric voltage under an additional stimulus of external mechanical impact. By changing the magnitude and frequency of the mechanical impact, we are able to manipulate the spiking response of our artificial neuron. This functionality to control the spiking characteristics paves a pathway for the development of touch-perception sensors that can convert local pressure into electrical spikes for further processing in neural networks. We have proposed a mathematical model which captures the operation principle of the fabricated memristive sensors and qualitatively describes the measured spiking behaviour. Employing such flexible diffusive memristors that can directly translate tactile information into spikes, similar to force and pressure sensors, could offer substantial benefits for various applications in robotics. Debi Pattnaik and co-authors present a flexible Ag nanoparticle-based diffusive memristor that generates electric spikes in response to both voltage and mechanical impact. Their approach is suitable for touch-sensitive sensors with neural network-based processing.
{"title":"Stress-induced artificial neuron spiking in diffusive memristors","authors":"D. P. Pattnaik, Y. Sharma, S. Savel’ev, P. Borisov, A. Akhter, A. Balanov, P. Ferreira","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00315-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00315-z","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusive memristors owing to their ability to produce current spiking when a constant or slowly changing voltage is applied are competitive candidates for development of artificial electronic neurons. These artificial neurons can be integrated into various prospective autonomous and robotic systems as sensors, e.g. ones implementing object grasping and classification. We report here Ag nanoparticle-based diffusive memristor prepared on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate in which the electric spiking behaviour was induced by the electric voltage under an additional stimulus of external mechanical impact. By changing the magnitude and frequency of the mechanical impact, we are able to manipulate the spiking response of our artificial neuron. This functionality to control the spiking characteristics paves a pathway for the development of touch-perception sensors that can convert local pressure into electrical spikes for further processing in neural networks. We have proposed a mathematical model which captures the operation principle of the fabricated memristive sensors and qualitatively describes the measured spiking behaviour. Employing such flexible diffusive memristors that can directly translate tactile information into spikes, similar to force and pressure sensors, could offer substantial benefits for various applications in robotics. Debi Pattnaik and co-authors present a flexible Ag nanoparticle-based diffusive memristor that generates electric spikes in response to both voltage and mechanical impact. Their approach is suitable for touch-sensitive sensors with neural network-based processing.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00315-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00318-w
Teng Yang, Yuqi Jin, Lee Miller Smith, Narendra B. Dahotre, Arup Neogi
3D bioprinting has excellent potential in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery systems due to the ability to fabricate intricate structures that are challenging to make with conventional manufacturing methods. However, the complexity of parametric combinations and lack of product quality control have restricted soft hydrogel bioprinting from practical applications. Here we show an in-situ ultrasound monitoring system that reveals the alginate-gelatin hydrogel’s additive manufacturing process. We use this technique to understand the parameters that influenced transient printing behaviors and material properties in approximately real-time. This unique monitoring process can facilitate the detection of minor errors/flaws during the printing. By analyzing the ultrasonic reflected signals in both time and frequency domains, transient printing information can be obtained from 3D printed soft hydrogels during the processes with a depth subwavelength resolution approaching 0.78 $$lambda$$ . This in-situ technique monitors the printing behaviors regarding the constructed film, interlayer bonding, transient effective elastic constant, layer-wise surface roughness (elastic or plastic), nozzle indentation/scratching, and gravitational spreading. The simulation-verified experimental methods monitored fully infilled printing and gridded pattern printing conditions. Furthermore, the proposed ultrasound system also experimentally monitored the post-crosslinking process of alginate-gelatin hydrogel in CaCl2 solution. The results can optimize crosslinking time by balancing the hydrogel’s stiffness enhancement and geometrical distortion. Arup Neogi and colleagues introduce an in-situ ultrasound monitoring system designed to assess the real-time printing quality of alginate-gelatin hydrogel. The findings show an instantaneous monitoring process, a potential alternative to layer-by-layer monitoring.
{"title":"Real-time in-situ ultrasound monitoring of soft hydrogel 3D printing with subwavelength resolution","authors":"Teng Yang, Yuqi Jin, Lee Miller Smith, Narendra B. Dahotre, Arup Neogi","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00318-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00318-w","url":null,"abstract":"3D bioprinting has excellent potential in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery systems due to the ability to fabricate intricate structures that are challenging to make with conventional manufacturing methods. However, the complexity of parametric combinations and lack of product quality control have restricted soft hydrogel bioprinting from practical applications. Here we show an in-situ ultrasound monitoring system that reveals the alginate-gelatin hydrogel’s additive manufacturing process. We use this technique to understand the parameters that influenced transient printing behaviors and material properties in approximately real-time. This unique monitoring process can facilitate the detection of minor errors/flaws during the printing. By analyzing the ultrasonic reflected signals in both time and frequency domains, transient printing information can be obtained from 3D printed soft hydrogels during the processes with a depth subwavelength resolution approaching 0.78 $$lambda$$ . This in-situ technique monitors the printing behaviors regarding the constructed film, interlayer bonding, transient effective elastic constant, layer-wise surface roughness (elastic or plastic), nozzle indentation/scratching, and gravitational spreading. The simulation-verified experimental methods monitored fully infilled printing and gridded pattern printing conditions. Furthermore, the proposed ultrasound system also experimentally monitored the post-crosslinking process of alginate-gelatin hydrogel in CaCl2 solution. The results can optimize crosslinking time by balancing the hydrogel’s stiffness enhancement and geometrical distortion. Arup Neogi and colleagues introduce an in-situ ultrasound monitoring system designed to assess the real-time printing quality of alginate-gelatin hydrogel. The findings show an instantaneous monitoring process, a potential alternative to layer-by-layer monitoring.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00318-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00297-y
S. Mareike Geisler, Kevin H. Lausch, Felix Hehnen, Isabell Schulz, Ulrich Kertzscher, Martin Kriegel, C. Oliver Paschereit, Sebastian Schimek, Ümit Hasirci, Gerrid Brockmann, Annette Moter, Karolin Senftleben, Stefan Moritz
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that reliable risk assessment of venues is still challenging and resulted in the indiscriminate closure of many venues worldwide. Therefore, this study used an experimental, numerical and analytical approach to investigate the airborne transmission risk potential of differently ventilated, sized and shaped venues. The data were used to assess the magnitude of effect of various mitigation measures and to develop recommendations. Here we show that, in general, positions in the near field of an emission source were at high risk, while the risk of infection from positions in the far field varied depending on the ventilation strategy. Occupancy, airflow rate, residence time, virus variants, activity level and face masks affected the individual and global infection risk in all venues. The global infection risk was lowest for the displacement ventilation case, making it the most effective ventilation strategy for keeping airborne transmission and the number of secondary cases low, compared to mixing or natural ventilation. Sophia Mareike Geisler and Kevin Harry Lausch with colleagues study the impact of ventilation strategies on the risk of COVID transmission. They demonstrate that the use of displacement ventilation is advantageous in stopping the virus spread in tiered auditoriums.
COVID-19 大流行表明，对场馆进行可靠的风险评估仍然具有挑战性，并导致全球许多场馆被任意关闭。因此，本研究采用了实验、数值和分析方法来研究不同通风、大小和形状的场馆的空气传播风险潜力。这些数据被用来评估各种缓解措施的影响程度并提出建议。我们在此表明，一般来说，排放源近场位置的感染风险较高，而远场位置的感染风险则因通风策略而异。占用率、气流速度、停留时间、病毒变种、活动水平和口罩对所有场所的个人和整体感染风险都有影响。与混合通风或自然通风相比，置换通风的总体感染风险最低，是保持空气传播和低继发病例数的最有效通风策略。Sophia Mareike Geisler 和 Kevin Harry Lausch 及其同事研究了通风策略对 COVID 传播风险的影响。他们证明，在分层礼堂中使用置换通风有利于阻止病毒传播。
{"title":"Comparing strategies for the mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 airborne infection risk in tiered auditorium venues","authors":"S. Mareike Geisler, Kevin H. Lausch, Felix Hehnen, Isabell Schulz, Ulrich Kertzscher, Martin Kriegel, C. Oliver Paschereit, Sebastian Schimek, Ümit Hasirci, Gerrid Brockmann, Annette Moter, Karolin Senftleben, Stefan Moritz","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00297-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00297-y","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that reliable risk assessment of venues is still challenging and resulted in the indiscriminate closure of many venues worldwide. Therefore, this study used an experimental, numerical and analytical approach to investigate the airborne transmission risk potential of differently ventilated, sized and shaped venues. The data were used to assess the magnitude of effect of various mitigation measures and to develop recommendations. Here we show that, in general, positions in the near field of an emission source were at high risk, while the risk of infection from positions in the far field varied depending on the ventilation strategy. Occupancy, airflow rate, residence time, virus variants, activity level and face masks affected the individual and global infection risk in all venues. The global infection risk was lowest for the displacement ventilation case, making it the most effective ventilation strategy for keeping airborne transmission and the number of secondary cases low, compared to mixing or natural ventilation. Sophia Mareike Geisler and Kevin Harry Lausch with colleagues study the impact of ventilation strategies on the risk of COVID transmission. They demonstrate that the use of displacement ventilation is advantageous in stopping the virus spread in tiered auditoriums.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00297-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00308-y
Paul Szypryt, Douglas A. Bennett, Ian Fogarty Florang, Joseph W. Fowler, Andrea Giachero, Ruslan Hummatov, Adriana E. Lita, John A. B. Mates, Sae Woo Nam, Galen C. O’Neil, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom, Michael R. Vissers, Jordan Wheeler, Jiansong Gao
Single-photon detectors based on the superconducting transition-edge sensor are used in a number of visible to near-infrared applications, particularly for photon-number-resolving measurements in quantum information science. To be practical for large-scale spectroscopic imaging or photonic quantum computing applications, the size of visible to near-infrared transition-edge sensor arrays and their associated readouts must be increased from a few pixels to many thousands. In this manuscript, we introduce the kinetic inductance current sensor, a scalable readout technology that exploits the nonlinear kinetic inductance in a superconducting resonator to make sensitive current measurements. Kinetic inductance current sensors can replace superconducting quantum interference devices for many applications because of their ability to measure fast, high slew-rate signals, their compatibility with standard microwave frequency-division multiplexing techniques, and their relatively simple fabrication. Here, we demonstrate the readout of a visible to near-infrared transition-edge sensor using a kinetic inductance current sensor with 3.7 MHz of bandwidth. We measure a readout noise of $$1.4,{{{rm{pA}}}}/sqrt{{{{rm{Hz}}}}}$$ , considerably below the detector noise at frequencies of interest, and an energy resolution of (0.137 ± 0.001) eV at 0.8 eV, comparable to resolutions observed with non-multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readouts. Paul Szypryt and co-authors present a kinetic inductance current sensor which uses nonlinear kinetic inductance in a superconducting resonator for current measurement. Their device demonstrates a readout noise below the level of a coupled transition-edge sensor.
{"title":"Kinetic inductance current sensor for visible to near-infrared wavelength transition-edge sensor readout","authors":"Paul Szypryt, Douglas A. Bennett, Ian Fogarty Florang, Joseph W. Fowler, Andrea Giachero, Ruslan Hummatov, Adriana E. Lita, John A. B. Mates, Sae Woo Nam, Galen C. O’Neil, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom, Michael R. Vissers, Jordan Wheeler, Jiansong Gao","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00308-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00308-y","url":null,"abstract":"Single-photon detectors based on the superconducting transition-edge sensor are used in a number of visible to near-infrared applications, particularly for photon-number-resolving measurements in quantum information science. To be practical for large-scale spectroscopic imaging or photonic quantum computing applications, the size of visible to near-infrared transition-edge sensor arrays and their associated readouts must be increased from a few pixels to many thousands. In this manuscript, we introduce the kinetic inductance current sensor, a scalable readout technology that exploits the nonlinear kinetic inductance in a superconducting resonator to make sensitive current measurements. Kinetic inductance current sensors can replace superconducting quantum interference devices for many applications because of their ability to measure fast, high slew-rate signals, their compatibility with standard microwave frequency-division multiplexing techniques, and their relatively simple fabrication. Here, we demonstrate the readout of a visible to near-infrared transition-edge sensor using a kinetic inductance current sensor with 3.7 MHz of bandwidth. We measure a readout noise of $$1.4,{{{rm{pA}}}}/sqrt{{{{rm{Hz}}}}}$$ , considerably below the detector noise at frequencies of interest, and an energy resolution of (0.137 ± 0.001) eV at 0.8 eV, comparable to resolutions observed with non-multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readouts. Paul Szypryt and co-authors present a kinetic inductance current sensor which uses nonlinear kinetic inductance in a superconducting resonator for current measurement. Their device demonstrates a readout noise below the level of a coupled transition-edge sensor.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00308-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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