Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00251-y
Anna Maria Moran, Vi T. Vo, Kevin J. McDonald, Pranav Sultania, Eva Langenbrunner, Jun Hong Vince Chong, Amartya Naik, Lorenzo Kinnicutt, Jingshuo Li, Tommaso Ranzani
To achieve coordinated functions, fluidic soft robots typically rely on multiple input lines for the independent inflation and deflation of each actuator. Fluidic actuators are controlled by rigid electronic pneumatic valves, restricting the mobility and compliance of the soft robot. Recent developments in soft valve designs have shown the potential to achieve a more integrated robotic system, but are limited by high energy consumption and slow response time. In this work, we present an electropermanent magnet (EPM) valve for electronic control of pneumatic soft actuators that is activated through microsecond electronic pulses. The valve incorporates a thin channel made from thermoplastic films. The proposed valve (3 × 3 × 0.8 cm, 2.9 g) can block pressure up to 146 kPa and negative pressures up to –100 kPa with a response time of less than 1 s. Using the EPM valves, we demonstrate the ability to switch between multiple operation sequences in real time through the control of a six-DoF robot capable of grasping and hopping with a single pressure input. Our proposed onboard control strategy simplifies the operation of multi-pressure systems, enabling the development of dynamically programmable soft fluid-driven robots that are versatile in responding to different tasks. Ranzani and colleagues use electropermanent magnets to build a valve that simplifies the controls of pneumatic soft robots. Their design enables the selective activation of the robot’s fluidic channels to perform grasping and locomotion tasks.
{"title":"An electropermanent magnet valve for the onboard control of multi-degree of freedom pneumatic soft robots","authors":"Anna Maria Moran, Vi T. Vo, Kevin J. McDonald, Pranav Sultania, Eva Langenbrunner, Jun Hong Vince Chong, Amartya Naik, Lorenzo Kinnicutt, Jingshuo Li, Tommaso Ranzani","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00251-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00251-y","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve coordinated functions, fluidic soft robots typically rely on multiple input lines for the independent inflation and deflation of each actuator. Fluidic actuators are controlled by rigid electronic pneumatic valves, restricting the mobility and compliance of the soft robot. Recent developments in soft valve designs have shown the potential to achieve a more integrated robotic system, but are limited by high energy consumption and slow response time. In this work, we present an electropermanent magnet (EPM) valve for electronic control of pneumatic soft actuators that is activated through microsecond electronic pulses. The valve incorporates a thin channel made from thermoplastic films. The proposed valve (3 × 3 × 0.8 cm, 2.9 g) can block pressure up to 146 kPa and negative pressures up to –100 kPa with a response time of less than 1 s. Using the EPM valves, we demonstrate the ability to switch between multiple operation sequences in real time through the control of a six-DoF robot capable of grasping and hopping with a single pressure input. Our proposed onboard control strategy simplifies the operation of multi-pressure systems, enabling the development of dynamically programmable soft fluid-driven robots that are versatile in responding to different tasks. Ranzani and colleagues use electropermanent magnets to build a valve that simplifies the controls of pneumatic soft robots. Their design enables the selective activation of the robot’s fluidic channels to perform grasping and locomotion tasks.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00251-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00261-w
Markus Graber, Klaus Hofmann
Solving combinatorial optimization problems is essential in scientific, technological, and engineering applications, but can be very time and energy-consuming using classical algorithms executed on digital processors. Oscillator-based Ising machines offer a promising alternative by exploiting the analog coupling between electrical oscillators to solve such optimization problems more efficiently. Here we present the design and the capabilities of our scalable approach to solve Ising and quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems. This approach includes routable oscillator connections to simplify the time-consuming embedding of the problem into the oscillator network. Our manufactured silicon chip, featuring 1440 oscillators implemented in a 28 nm technology, demonstrates the ability to solve optimization problems in 950 ns while consuming typically 319 μW per node. A frequency, phase, and delay calibration ensures robustness against manufacturing variations. The system is evaluated with multiple sets of benchmark problems to analyze the sensitivity for parameters such as the coupling strength or frequency. Markus Graber and Klaus Hofmann present a coupled oscillator network, fabricated on a 4.6 mm2 silicon chip with 1440 oscillators and routable connections, designed to solve Ising and other optimization problems efficiently. Their circuit offers a scalable and practical approach for complex optimization problems.
{"title":"An integrated coupled oscillator network to solve optimization problems","authors":"Markus Graber, Klaus Hofmann","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00261-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00261-w","url":null,"abstract":"Solving combinatorial optimization problems is essential in scientific, technological, and engineering applications, but can be very time and energy-consuming using classical algorithms executed on digital processors. Oscillator-based Ising machines offer a promising alternative by exploiting the analog coupling between electrical oscillators to solve such optimization problems more efficiently. Here we present the design and the capabilities of our scalable approach to solve Ising and quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems. This approach includes routable oscillator connections to simplify the time-consuming embedding of the problem into the oscillator network. Our manufactured silicon chip, featuring 1440 oscillators implemented in a 28 nm technology, demonstrates the ability to solve optimization problems in 950 ns while consuming typically 319 μW per node. A frequency, phase, and delay calibration ensures robustness against manufacturing variations. The system is evaluated with multiple sets of benchmark problems to analyze the sensitivity for parameters such as the coupling strength or frequency. Markus Graber and Klaus Hofmann present a coupled oscillator network, fabricated on a 4.6 mm2 silicon chip with 1440 oscillators and routable connections, designed to solve Ising and other optimization problems efficiently. Their circuit offers a scalable and practical approach for complex optimization problems.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00261-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00260-x
Katherine S. Riley, Mark H. Jhon, Hortense Le Ferrand, Dan Wang, Andres F. Arrieta
Bistability enables adaptive designs with tunable deflections for applications including morphing wings, robotic grippers, and consumer products. Composite laminates may be designed to exhibit bistability due to pre-strains that develop during the processing of the polymer matrix, enabling fast reconfiguration between two stable shapes. Unfortunately, designing bistable laminates is challenging because of their highly nonlinear behavior. Here, we propose the Switching Tunneling Method to address this challenge by alternating between gradient-based local minimization and tunneling search phases, with the enhancement of objective expression switching to improve numerical conditioning. Results demonstrate high effectiveness compared to existing optimizers; the Switching Tunneling Method achieves a 99% success rate in finding all energy minima across general composite layups. Additionally, our method facilitates the inverse design of variable pre-strain fields, enabling bioinspired, positive Gaussian curvatures, which are not possible with conventional pre-strain laminates. Validations through both finite element analysis and 3D printed samples confirm the optimal designs. Dr Wang, Dr Arrieta, and colleagues report a switching tunneling method for the inverse design of bistable composite laminates. Their optimization methodology addresses the bistable composites’ highly nonlinear nature and successfully identifies the variable pre-strain fields to match the target stable shapes.
{"title":"Inverse design of bistable composite laminates with switching tunneling method for global optimization","authors":"Katherine S. Riley, Mark H. Jhon, Hortense Le Ferrand, Dan Wang, Andres F. Arrieta","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00260-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00260-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bistability enables adaptive designs with tunable deflections for applications including morphing wings, robotic grippers, and consumer products. Composite laminates may be designed to exhibit bistability due to pre-strains that develop during the processing of the polymer matrix, enabling fast reconfiguration between two stable shapes. Unfortunately, designing bistable laminates is challenging because of their highly nonlinear behavior. Here, we propose the Switching Tunneling Method to address this challenge by alternating between gradient-based local minimization and tunneling search phases, with the enhancement of objective expression switching to improve numerical conditioning. Results demonstrate high effectiveness compared to existing optimizers; the Switching Tunneling Method achieves a 99% success rate in finding all energy minima across general composite layups. Additionally, our method facilitates the inverse design of variable pre-strain fields, enabling bioinspired, positive Gaussian curvatures, which are not possible with conventional pre-strain laminates. Validations through both finite element analysis and 3D printed samples confirm the optimal designs. Dr Wang, Dr Arrieta, and colleagues report a switching tunneling method for the inverse design of bistable composite laminates. Their optimization methodology addresses the bistable composites’ highly nonlinear nature and successfully identifies the variable pre-strain fields to match the target stable shapes.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00260-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00267-4
Raphaell Moreira, Ehsan B. Esfahani, Fatemeh A. Zeidabadi, Pani Rostami, Martin Thuo, Madjid Mohseni, Earl J. Foster
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals that resist degradation, posing a significant environmental and health risk. Current methods for removing PFAS from water are often complex and costly. Here we report a simple, cost-effective method to synthesize an iron oxide/graphenic carbon (Fe/g-C) hybrid photocatalyst for PFAS degradation. This photocatalyst efficiently degrades perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a common type of PFAS, achieving over 85% removal within 3 hours under ultraviolet light. The catalyst also maintains high degradation rates over extended periods, demonstrating its stability and potential for long-term use. This innovative approach offers a promising solution for addressing PFAS contamination in water, contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment. Moreira et al. developed an iron oxide/graphenic carbon hybrid photocatalyst for the decomposition of PFAS contaminants, under UV light. Their method offers a cheap and efficient alternative that achieves > 85% efficiency for PFOA decomposition under UV light.
{"title":"Hybrid graphenic and iron oxide photocatalysts for the decomposition of synthetic chemicals","authors":"Raphaell Moreira, Ehsan B. Esfahani, Fatemeh A. Zeidabadi, Pani Rostami, Martin Thuo, Madjid Mohseni, Earl J. Foster","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00267-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00267-4","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals that resist degradation, posing a significant environmental and health risk. Current methods for removing PFAS from water are often complex and costly. Here we report a simple, cost-effective method to synthesize an iron oxide/graphenic carbon (Fe/g-C) hybrid photocatalyst for PFAS degradation. This photocatalyst efficiently degrades perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a common type of PFAS, achieving over 85% removal within 3 hours under ultraviolet light. The catalyst also maintains high degradation rates over extended periods, demonstrating its stability and potential for long-term use. This innovative approach offers a promising solution for addressing PFAS contamination in water, contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment. Moreira et al. developed an iron oxide/graphenic carbon hybrid photocatalyst for the decomposition of PFAS contaminants, under UV light. Their method offers a cheap and efficient alternative that achieves > 85% efficiency for PFOA decomposition under UV light.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00267-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00252-x
Tommaso Bendinelli, Luca Biggio, Daniel Nyfeler, Abhigyan Ghosh, Peter Tollan, Moritz Alexander Kirschmann, Olga Fink
The value of luxury goods, particularly investment-grade gemstones, is influenced by their origin and authenticity, often resulting in differences worth millions of dollars. Traditional methods for determining gemstone origin and detecting treatments involve subjective visual inspections and a range of advanced analytical techniques. However, these approaches can be time-consuming, prone to inconsistencies, and lack automation. Here, we propose GEMTELLIGENCE, a novel deep learning approach enabling streamlined and consistent origin determination of gemstone origin and detection of treatments. GEMTELLIGENCE leverages convolutional and attention-based neural networks that combine the multi-modal heterogeneous data collected from multiple instruments. The algorithm attains predictive performance comparable to expensive laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry analysis and expert visual examination, while using input data from relatively inexpensive analytical methods. Our methodology represents an advancement in gemstone analysis, greatly enhancing automation and robustness throughout the analytical process pipeline. Tommaso Bendinelli and colleagues developed a deep learning method that leverages data from different scanning and spectroscopy modalities to improve gemstone origin determination and treatment detection.
{"title":"GEMTELLIGENCE: Accelerating gemstone classification with deep learning","authors":"Tommaso Bendinelli, Luca Biggio, Daniel Nyfeler, Abhigyan Ghosh, Peter Tollan, Moritz Alexander Kirschmann, Olga Fink","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00252-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00252-x","url":null,"abstract":"The value of luxury goods, particularly investment-grade gemstones, is influenced by their origin and authenticity, often resulting in differences worth millions of dollars. Traditional methods for determining gemstone origin and detecting treatments involve subjective visual inspections and a range of advanced analytical techniques. However, these approaches can be time-consuming, prone to inconsistencies, and lack automation. Here, we propose GEMTELLIGENCE, a novel deep learning approach enabling streamlined and consistent origin determination of gemstone origin and detection of treatments. GEMTELLIGENCE leverages convolutional and attention-based neural networks that combine the multi-modal heterogeneous data collected from multiple instruments. The algorithm attains predictive performance comparable to expensive laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry analysis and expert visual examination, while using input data from relatively inexpensive analytical methods. Our methodology represents an advancement in gemstone analysis, greatly enhancing automation and robustness throughout the analytical process pipeline. Tommaso Bendinelli and colleagues developed a deep learning method that leverages data from different scanning and spectroscopy modalities to improve gemstone origin determination and treatment detection.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00252-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00256-7
Srabanti Chowdhury, Kelly Woo, Nish Sinha
{"title":"The evolving experience of academic women in engineering","authors":"Srabanti Chowdhury, Kelly Woo, Nish Sinha","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00256-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00256-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00256-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meeting the power demand from the transmission system operator is an important objective for power dispatch, which introduces a power supply-demand equality constraint coupling all the wind turbines among the wind farm into the optimization problem. For a large-scale wind farm, processing the global equality constraint in a centralized or distributed framework is time-consuming and computationally complex. Here we considered the fast and localized execution issue of the power optimal dispatch problems. A completely decentralized dynamic system was designed to optimize power flow while satisfying the electricity supply constraints. A voltage optimization problem with the global power constraints was decoupled into local wind turbine controllers based on the node-dependence nature, which is an inherent characteristic of wind farms and was fitted to the power sensitivity matrix in this paper. The local optimization problem was solved iteratively using the gradient projection method, and the system converged linearly to the equilibrium point. The simulations for the case studies performed in Simulink demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a near-global optimal performance using only local measurements. Sheng Huang, Xiaohui Huang and colleagues propose a methodology for the optimal power dispatch from the wind farms. Their method relies on local data only and allows iterative convergence.
{"title":"Decentralized dynamic system for optimal power dispatch in wind farms based on node-dependence nature","authors":"Sheng Huang, Hanzhi Peng, Xiaohui Huang, Juan Wei, Chao Wei, Qiuwei Wu, Wei Zhang, Yinpeng Qu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00258-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00258-5","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting the power demand from the transmission system operator is an important objective for power dispatch, which introduces a power supply-demand equality constraint coupling all the wind turbines among the wind farm into the optimization problem. For a large-scale wind farm, processing the global equality constraint in a centralized or distributed framework is time-consuming and computationally complex. Here we considered the fast and localized execution issue of the power optimal dispatch problems. A completely decentralized dynamic system was designed to optimize power flow while satisfying the electricity supply constraints. A voltage optimization problem with the global power constraints was decoupled into local wind turbine controllers based on the node-dependence nature, which is an inherent characteristic of wind farms and was fitted to the power sensitivity matrix in this paper. The local optimization problem was solved iteratively using the gradient projection method, and the system converged linearly to the equilibrium point. The simulations for the case studies performed in Simulink demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a near-global optimal performance using only local measurements. Sheng Huang, Xiaohui Huang and colleagues propose a methodology for the optimal power dispatch from the wind farms. Their method relies on local data only and allows iterative convergence.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00258-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141998689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00262-9
Han Yunan, Cuilian Jiang, Shuangqing Xiong, Zhaohan Liu
Electrical cables, as the industry’s blood vessels and nervous system, require evolving distributed filtering for complex electromagnetic environment adaptability. This article introduces a filter cable design featuring an insulated cylinder coated with a defected conductor transmission structure (DCTS). The DCTS, with a well-designed etched pattern, functions as a boundary condition for transmitting specific frequency electromagnetic waves, similar to a lumped filter circuit. To validate this method, a low-pass filter cable is proposed with six-slot-ring defected structures, utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene as the inner dielectric, encased within a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB)-manufactured DCTS. The proposed cable, with precise dimensions (2.4 mm diameter, 340 mm length), demonstrates minimal insertion loss ( < 0.38 dB below 6 GHz) in the passband and rejection exceeding 23 dB at 7.7-25 GHz in the stopband. Further enhancements achieve attenuation exceeding 50 dB in the stopband (7.1 GHz to 20 GHz). Compared to traditional cables, this filter cable addresses electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) by cutting off the interference coupling path. Yunan Han et al. present a filter cable design which can apply filtering throughout the cable’s length. The defected conductor transmission structures serve as a boundary condition for transmitted waves to achieve similar performance to a lumped filter circuit.
{"title":"Filter cable design with defected conductor transmission structures","authors":"Han Yunan, Cuilian Jiang, Shuangqing Xiong, Zhaohan Liu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00262-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00262-9","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical cables, as the industry’s blood vessels and nervous system, require evolving distributed filtering for complex electromagnetic environment adaptability. This article introduces a filter cable design featuring an insulated cylinder coated with a defected conductor transmission structure (DCTS). The DCTS, with a well-designed etched pattern, functions as a boundary condition for transmitting specific frequency electromagnetic waves, similar to a lumped filter circuit. To validate this method, a low-pass filter cable is proposed with six-slot-ring defected structures, utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene as the inner dielectric, encased within a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB)-manufactured DCTS. The proposed cable, with precise dimensions (2.4 mm diameter, 340 mm length), demonstrates minimal insertion loss ( < 0.38 dB below 6 GHz) in the passband and rejection exceeding 23 dB at 7.7-25 GHz in the stopband. Further enhancements achieve attenuation exceeding 50 dB in the stopband (7.1 GHz to 20 GHz). Compared to traditional cables, this filter cable addresses electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) by cutting off the interference coupling path. Yunan Han et al. present a filter cable design which can apply filtering throughout the cable’s length. The defected conductor transmission structures serve as a boundary condition for transmitted waves to achieve similar performance to a lumped filter circuit.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00262-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00257-6
Xuecheng Zhang, Guanghao Guo, Zixin Li, Wenchao Meng, Yuefei Zhang, Qing Ye, Jin Wang, Shibo He, Xinbao Zhao, Jiming Chen, Ze Zhang
Superalloy materials exhibit susceptibility to fracture failures stemming from the influence of thermomechanical factors. To comprehensively understand the fracture mechanisms, material properties, root causes of failure, and the subsequent optimization of alloys, a detailed analysis of the internal fracture process and the morphological traits of the fracture surface is imperative. Traditional analysis of fracture surfaces solely relies on 2D images, thus lacking crucial 3D information. Although in situ experiments can capture the fracture process, their effectiveness is confined to the specimen’s surface, precluding insight into internal changes. Here we introduce an integrated framework encompassing the process of 3D reconstruction of fracture surfaces, aiming to enhance the visual information obtained with micron-level accuracy, visual intuitiveness and sense of depth. Additionally, this framework also facilitates the scrutiny and inference of internal fracture processes. These results demonstrate that under specific service conditions, material deformation fracture probably stems from a combination of surface cracking and internal cracking rather than exclusively one or the other. Overall, our description and analysis of internally initiated cracking due to defects within the specimens can be beneficial in guiding future alloy design and optimization efforts. Xuecheng Zhang, Guanghao Guo and colleagues present a characterization method for analyzing metallurgical fracture processes that addresses the limitations of conventional 2D imaging acquisition by providing a comprehensive visual depiction of fracture surfaces in 3D space. The method involves in situ tensile testing of IN718 alloy specimens at different temperatures, capturing real-time changes in morphology using high-resolution electron microscopy imaging, and reconstructing 3D models of the fracture surfaces.
{"title":"Superalloys fracture process inference based on overlap analysis of 3D models","authors":"Xuecheng Zhang, Guanghao Guo, Zixin Li, Wenchao Meng, Yuefei Zhang, Qing Ye, Jin Wang, Shibo He, Xinbao Zhao, Jiming Chen, Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00257-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00257-6","url":null,"abstract":"Superalloy materials exhibit susceptibility to fracture failures stemming from the influence of thermomechanical factors. To comprehensively understand the fracture mechanisms, material properties, root causes of failure, and the subsequent optimization of alloys, a detailed analysis of the internal fracture process and the morphological traits of the fracture surface is imperative. Traditional analysis of fracture surfaces solely relies on 2D images, thus lacking crucial 3D information. Although in situ experiments can capture the fracture process, their effectiveness is confined to the specimen’s surface, precluding insight into internal changes. Here we introduce an integrated framework encompassing the process of 3D reconstruction of fracture surfaces, aiming to enhance the visual information obtained with micron-level accuracy, visual intuitiveness and sense of depth. Additionally, this framework also facilitates the scrutiny and inference of internal fracture processes. These results demonstrate that under specific service conditions, material deformation fracture probably stems from a combination of surface cracking and internal cracking rather than exclusively one or the other. Overall, our description and analysis of internally initiated cracking due to defects within the specimens can be beneficial in guiding future alloy design and optimization efforts. Xuecheng Zhang, Guanghao Guo and colleagues present a characterization method for analyzing metallurgical fracture processes that addresses the limitations of conventional 2D imaging acquisition by providing a comprehensive visual depiction of fracture surfaces in 3D space. The method involves in situ tensile testing of IN718 alloy specimens at different temperatures, capturing real-time changes in morphology using high-resolution electron microscopy imaging, and reconstructing 3D models of the fracture surfaces.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11300801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00253-w
Yuchen Song, Min Zhang, Xiaotian Jiang, Fan Zhang, Cheng Ju, Shanguo Huang, Alan Pak Tao Lau, Danshi Wang
As a crucial nonlinear phenomenon, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) plays multifaceted roles involved in forward and inverse problems. In fibre-optic systems, these roles range from detrimental interference that impairs optical performance to beneficial effects that enables various devices such as Raman amplifier. To obtain solutions of SRS, various numerical methods customized for different scenarios have been proposed. However, these methods are time-consuming, low-efficiency, and experience-orientated, particularly in combined scenarios consisting of both forward and inverse problems. Inspired by physics-informed neural networks, we propose SRS-Net, which combines the efficient automatic differentiation and powerful representation ability of neural networks with the regularization of SRS physical laws, to obtain universal solutions for SRS of forward, inverse, and combined problems. We showcase the intuitive solving procedure and high-speed performance of SRS-Net through extensive simulations covering different scenarios. Additionally, we validate its capabilities in experiments involving the high-fidelity modelling of a wavelength division multiplexing system spanning the C + L-band with approximately 10 THz. The versatility of the SRS-Net framework extends beyond SRS, indicating its potential as a promising universal solution in other engineering problems with nonlinear dynamics governed by partial differential equations. Yuchen Song and colleagues develop a neural network-based framework for solving both forward and inverse problems of stimulated Raman scattering. This physics-informed framework called SRS-Net helps wideband power prediction, Raman pump optimization, and physical parameter identification in fibre optics.
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