Pub Date : 2024-11-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000541822
Elizaveta Golubeva, Angelina Zeltser, Yana Zorkina, Aleksandra Ochneva, Anna Tsurina, Denis Andreyuk, Georgiy Kostyuk, Anna Morozova
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after a traumatic event. PTSD is characterized by nightmares, flashbacks and avoidance of stressors. It currently affects 2-8% of the population, with military personnel particularly susceptible. Studies show that environmental stressors can induce various epigenetic changes that shape the PTSD phenotype. Despite the significant impact of epigenetic factors on PTSD symptoms and susceptibility, they have not been widely discussed in the literature. This review focuses on describing epigenetic mechanisms in PTSD, especially DNA methylation, chromatin regulation, and noncoding RNA.
Summary: The article includes relevant studies published from 2013 to 2023, excluding non-English-language studies or studies with insufficient data. This review investigated gene methylation changes in association with PTSD, including those related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotransmitters, and immune system functioning, as well as the role of histones and regulatory noncoding RNAs.
Key messages: Epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in shaping PTSD susceptibility, symptomatology, and long-term outcomes, highlighting their potential as important markers and therapeutic targets. Understanding these alterations can aid in developing clinical strategies to better predict, prevent, and treat PTSD. However, further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to establish the temporal relationship between epigenetic changes and the onset of PTSD, as well as to classify other potential epigenetic mechanisms.
{"title":"Epigenetic Alterations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Comprehensive Review of Molecular Markers.","authors":"Elizaveta Golubeva, Angelina Zeltser, Yana Zorkina, Aleksandra Ochneva, Anna Tsurina, Denis Andreyuk, Georgiy Kostyuk, Anna Morozova","doi":"10.1159/000541822","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after a traumatic event. PTSD is characterized by nightmares, flashbacks and avoidance of stressors. It currently affects 2-8% of the population, with military personnel particularly susceptible. Studies show that environmental stressors can induce various epigenetic changes that shape the PTSD phenotype. Despite the significant impact of epigenetic factors on PTSD symptoms and susceptibility, they have not been widely discussed in the literature. This review focuses on describing epigenetic mechanisms in PTSD, especially DNA methylation, chromatin regulation, and noncoding RNA.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The article includes relevant studies published from 2013 to 2023, excluding non-English-language studies or studies with insufficient data. This review investigated gene methylation changes in association with PTSD, including those related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotransmitters, and immune system functioning, as well as the role of histones and regulatory noncoding RNAs.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in shaping PTSD susceptibility, symptomatology, and long-term outcomes, highlighting their potential as important markers and therapeutic targets. Understanding these alterations can aid in developing clinical strategies to better predict, prevent, and treat PTSD. However, further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to establish the temporal relationship between epigenetic changes and the onset of PTSD, as well as to classify other potential epigenetic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"10 1-4","pages":"71-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000540982
Ana G Gutiérrez-García, Carlos M Contreras
Background: The loss of smell is a typical diagnostic symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This sensorial deprivation may be expressed as quantitative (anosmia or hyposmia) or qualitative (dysosmia) alterations as a consequence of anatomical disturbances of the nasal epithelium structure. The olfactory system sends direct neuronal connections to brain structures that are involved in emotional processing, including deep temporal nuclei. This anatomical and functional feature may be related to the occurrence of emotional disorders among COVID-19 patients.
Summary: We identify a possible sequence of events, from typical olfactory dysfunction that is associated with COVID-19 and caused by olfactory epithelium damage to disturbances in the quality of life and emotional state of infected patients that is attributable to possible neuroinflammatory processes. Sensorial deprivation causes deleterious actions on mood, negatively affecting quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction that is associated with COVID-19 occurs concurrently with psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety, and depressive disorders and impinges on self-perceived quality of life.
Key messages: Changes in mood are certainly associated with multiple factors, including the environment and isolation, but the observation that the virus may penetrate the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb and the connection between the olfactory system and prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and the amygdala-hippocampus do not allow one to discard neural factors that are involved in the pathophysiology of emotional symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients. Behavioral symptoms of COVID-19 involve local olfactory actions and the participation of central neuronal systems.
{"title":"Olfactory Epithelium Infection by SARS-CoV-2: Possible Neuroinflammatory Consequences of COVID-19.","authors":"Ana G Gutiérrez-García, Carlos M Contreras","doi":"10.1159/000540982","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The loss of smell is a typical diagnostic symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This sensorial deprivation may be expressed as quantitative (anosmia or hyposmia) or qualitative (dysosmia) alterations as a consequence of anatomical disturbances of the nasal epithelium structure. The olfactory system sends direct neuronal connections to brain structures that are involved in emotional processing, including deep temporal nuclei. This anatomical and functional feature may be related to the occurrence of emotional disorders among COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We identify a possible sequence of events, from typical olfactory dysfunction that is associated with COVID-19 and caused by olfactory epithelium damage to disturbances in the quality of life and emotional state of infected patients that is attributable to possible neuroinflammatory processes. Sensorial deprivation causes deleterious actions on mood, negatively affecting quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction that is associated with COVID-19 occurs concurrently with psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety, and depressive disorders and impinges on self-perceived quality of life.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Changes in mood are certainly associated with multiple factors, including the environment and isolation, but the observation that the virus may penetrate the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb and the connection between the olfactory system and prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and the amygdala-hippocampus do not allow one to discard neural factors that are involved in the pathophysiology of emotional symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients. Behavioral symptoms of COVID-19 involve local olfactory actions and the participation of central neuronal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"10 1-4","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Importance: Oral contraceptives (OCs) are an essential medicine used by millions of people every day. Given the widespread usage of these medicines, even a small increase in psychiatric risk could be of clinical significance. Although mood-related side effects are a common reason for OC hesitancy and discontinuation, studies investigating psychiatric responses to OC treatment have had inconsistent results. Observations: While OCs are beneficial for most users, there is evidence that a subgroup of users are susceptible to mood side effects. Randomized controlled trials have generally failed to find differences in mood symptoms between OC and placebo users, but observational studies comparing OC users to non-users have reported increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Additionally, observational evidence suggests that OC users may be more likely to use prescription psychotropic medications and to attempt or die by suicide. However, responses to OC treatment are highly heterogeneous, and some users report mood improvement. A variety of factors may increase the likelihood of negative psychiatric side effects, including younger age, previous experience of side effects from OCs, and pre-existing psychiatric disorders. Progestin-only pills may confer a higher psychiatric risk than combination pills. Conclusions and Relevance: Further research investigating factors that contribute to susceptibility to the mood-related side effects of OCs is clearly warranted. Genomic approaches may provide insight as to why some users experience side effects while others do not. Research elucidating who is most at risk and why will be essential to addressing prevalent concerns about the psychiatric risk of OCs.
{"title":"Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Psychiatric Side Effects: A Review","authors":"Julia Ciarcia, Laura M. Huckins","doi":"10.1159/000539515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539515","url":null,"abstract":"Importance: Oral contraceptives (OCs) are an essential medicine used by millions of people every day. Given the widespread usage of these medicines, even a small increase in psychiatric risk could be of clinical significance. Although mood-related side effects are a common reason for OC hesitancy and discontinuation, studies investigating psychiatric responses to OC treatment have had inconsistent results. \u0000Observations: While OCs are beneficial for most users, there is evidence that a subgroup of users are susceptible to mood side effects. Randomized controlled trials have generally failed to find differences in mood symptoms between OC and placebo users, but observational studies comparing OC users to non-users have reported increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Additionally, observational evidence suggests that OC users may be more likely to use prescription psychotropic medications and to attempt or die by suicide. However, responses to OC treatment are highly heterogeneous, and some users report mood improvement. A variety of factors may increase the likelihood of negative psychiatric side effects, including younger age, previous experience of side effects from OCs, and pre-existing psychiatric disorders. Progestin-only pills may confer a higher psychiatric risk than combination pills.\u0000Conclusions and Relevance: Further research investigating factors that contribute to susceptibility to the mood-related side effects of OCs is clearly warranted. Genomic approaches may provide insight as to why some users experience side effects while others do not. Research elucidating who is most at risk and why will be essential to addressing prevalent concerns about the psychiatric risk of OCs. \u0000","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"30 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Nurses, who care for patients with various traumas, may also experience post-traumatic stress disorder due to indirect or direct exposure to traumatic situations. This study examined the effectiveness of an Internet-based trauma recovery intervention for Korean nurses. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 112 nurses aged 23–40 years who were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 56) or control group (n = 56) from May 7 to December 20, 2020. Nurses in the intervention group attended eight sessions, and the same intervention was administered to the control group. Repeated measures were collected at pre-test, post-test 1 (immediately after the intervention), and post-test 2 (four weeks after the intervention). A total of 102 nurses (intervention group: n = 49; control group: n = 53) were completed because 10 nurses dropped out before the first session. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANOVA (intention-to-treat and per protocol). Results: There were significant changes in functional health, resilience, post-traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and trait anxiety over time and in the group-by-time interactions (intention-to-treat and per protocol). There was a significant difference in social support in the group-by-time interactions, but there were no significant changes between the two groups or over time (intention-to-treat and per protocol). Conclusion: The Internet-based trauma recovery nursing intervention is effective in clinical and community settings for nurses who cannot participate in fixed-schedule programs due to shift work. This study’s findings are relevant for implementing Internet-based trauma recovery programs for nurses and the general population, including survivors and relatives of patients who suffered from COVID-19. This program will also be very useful for people in other high-stress situations. Nurse leaders should consider different populations and situations when offering effective coping strategies suitable for changing environments. Clinical trial registration number: NCT04989582
{"title":"Internet-Based Trauma Recovery Intervention for Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Sunah Kim, Jinyoung Park, Wongyeong Lee, Goun Kim","doi":"10.1159/000540350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540350","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nurses, who care for patients with various traumas, may also experience post-traumatic stress disorder due to indirect or direct exposure to traumatic situations. This study examined the effectiveness of an Internet-based trauma recovery intervention for Korean nurses.\u0000Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 112 nurses aged 23–40 years who were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 56) or control group (n = 56) from May 7 to December 20, 2020. Nurses in the intervention group attended eight sessions, and the same intervention was administered to the control group. Repeated measures were collected at pre-test, post-test 1 (immediately after the intervention), and post-test 2 (four weeks after the intervention). A total of 102 nurses (intervention group: n = 49; control group: n = 53) were completed because 10 nurses dropped out before the first session. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANOVA (intention-to-treat and per protocol).\u0000Results: There were significant changes in functional health, resilience, post-traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and trait anxiety over time and in the group-by-time interactions (intention-to-treat and per protocol). There was a significant difference in social support in the group-by-time interactions, but there were no significant changes between the two groups or over time (intention-to-treat and per protocol).\u0000Conclusion: The Internet-based trauma recovery nursing intervention is effective in clinical and community settings for nurses who cannot participate in fixed-schedule programs due to shift work. This study’s findings are relevant for implementing Internet-based trauma recovery programs for nurses and the general population, including survivors and relatives of patients who suffered from COVID-19. This program will also be very useful for people in other high-stress situations. Nurse leaders should consider different populations and situations when offering effective coping strategies suitable for changing environments.\u0000Clinical trial registration number: NCT04989582","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"13 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacqueline Kiewa, Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Jeannette Milgrom, J. Guintivano, I. Hickie, D. Whiteman, Catherine M Olsen, S. Medland, N. G. Martin, N. Wray, Enda M. Byrne
Introduction Major depression (MD) is more common amongst women than men, and MD episodes have been associated with fluctuations in reproductive hormones amongst women. To investigate biological underpinnings of heterogeneity in MD, the associations between depression, stratified by sex and including perinatal depression (PND), and blood biomarkers, using UK Biobank (UKB) data, were evaluated, and extended to include the association of depression with biomarker polygenic scores (PGS), generated as proxy for each biomarker. Method Using female (N=39,761) and male (N=38,821) UKB participants, lifetime major depression (MD) and PND, were tested for association with 28 blood biomarkers. A GWAS was conducted for each biomarker and genetic correlations with depression subgroups were estimated. Using independent data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS were constructed for each biomarker, and tested for association with depression status (n [female cases/controls]=9,006/6,442; n [male cases/controls]=3,106/6,222). Regions of significant local genetic correlation between depression subgroups and biomarkers highlighted by the PGS analysis were identified. Results Depression in females was significantly associated with levels of twelve biomarkers, including total protein (OR=0.90, CI=[0.86,0.94], P=3.9x10-6) and vitamin D (OR=0.94, CI=[0.90, 0.97], P=2.6x10-4), and PND with five biomarker levels, also including total protein (OR=0.88, CI=[0.81, 0.96], P=4.7x10-3). Depression in males was significantly associated with levels of eleven biomarkers. In the independent Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS analysis found significant associations for female depression and PND with total protein (female depression: OR=0.93, CI=[0.88, 0.98], P=3.6x10-3; PND: OR=0.91, CI=[0.86, 0.96], P=1.1x10-3), as well as with vitamin D (female depression: OR=0.93, CI=[0.89, 0.97], P=2.0x10-3; PND: OR=0.92, CI=[0.87, 0.97], P=1.4x10-3). The male depression sample did not report any significant results, and the point estimate of total protein (OR=0.98, CI=[0.92-1.04], P=4.7x10-1) did not indicate any association. Local genetic correlation analysis highlighted significant genetic correlation between PND and total protein, located in 5q13.3 (rG=0.68, CI=[0.33, 1.0], P=3.6x10-4). Discussion and Conclusion Multiple lines of evidence from genetic analysis highlight an association between total serum protein levels and depression in females. Further research involving prospective measurement of total protein and depressive symptoms is warranted.
{"title":"Comprehensive sex-stratified genetic analysis of 28 blood biomarkers and depression reveals a significant association between depression and low levels of total protein in females","authors":"Jacqueline Kiewa, Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Jeannette Milgrom, J. Guintivano, I. Hickie, D. Whiteman, Catherine M Olsen, S. Medland, N. G. Martin, N. Wray, Enda M. Byrne","doi":"10.1159/000538058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538058","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Major depression (MD) is more common amongst women than men, and MD episodes have been associated with fluctuations in reproductive hormones amongst women. To investigate biological underpinnings of heterogeneity in MD, the associations between depression, stratified by sex and including perinatal depression (PND), and blood biomarkers, using UK Biobank (UKB) data, were evaluated, and extended to include the association of depression with biomarker polygenic scores (PGS), generated as proxy for each biomarker. \u0000Method\u0000Using female (N=39,761) and male (N=38,821) UKB participants, lifetime major depression (MD) and PND, were tested for association with 28 blood biomarkers. A GWAS was conducted for each biomarker and genetic correlations with depression subgroups were estimated. Using independent data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS were constructed for each biomarker, and tested for association with depression status (n [female cases/controls]=9,006/6,442; n [male cases/controls]=3,106/6,222). Regions of significant local genetic correlation between depression subgroups and biomarkers highlighted by the PGS analysis were identified.\u0000Results\u0000Depression in females was significantly associated with levels of twelve biomarkers, including total protein (OR=0.90, CI=[0.86,0.94], P=3.9x10-6) and vitamin D (OR=0.94, CI=[0.90, 0.97], P=2.6x10-4), and PND with five biomarker levels, also including total protein (OR=0.88, CI=[0.81, 0.96], P=4.7x10-3). Depression in males was significantly associated with levels of eleven biomarkers. In the independent Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS analysis found significant associations for female depression and PND with total protein (female depression: OR=0.93, CI=[0.88, 0.98], P=3.6x10-3; PND: OR=0.91, CI=[0.86, 0.96], P=1.1x10-3), as well as with vitamin D (female depression: OR=0.93, CI=[0.89, 0.97], P=2.0x10-3; PND: OR=0.92, CI=[0.87, 0.97], P=1.4x10-3). The male depression sample did not report any significant results, and the point estimate of total protein (OR=0.98, CI=[0.92-1.04], P=4.7x10-1) did not indicate any association. Local genetic correlation analysis highlighted significant genetic correlation between PND and total protein, located in 5q13.3 (rG=0.68, CI=[0.33, 1.0], P=3.6x10-4). \u0000Discussion and Conclusion\u0000Multiple lines of evidence from genetic analysis highlight an association between total serum protein levels and depression in females. Further research involving prospective measurement of total protein and depressive symptoms is warranted. \u0000","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Hoheisel, Stoyan Popkirov, Rosa Michaelis, Matthias Rose
Introduction: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) as introduced by the DSM-5 is characterized by chronic somatic symptoms not fully explained by underlying pathology and accompanied by psychological factors, the diagnostic B-criteria. These cognitive, affective, and behavioral disturbances are related to increased attention to somatic symptoms. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the association between the B-criteria and high symptom reporting in clinical settings. Methods: This 12-year retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study examined 6,491 patients from a german psychosomatic outpatient center. The somatoform subscale of HEALTH-49 was used to evaluate somatic symptom reporting. Excessive health concerns and other potential criteria associated with symptom reporting were determined using the ICD-10-Symptom Rating and other HEALTH-49 subscales. Results: Regression analysis revealed that the established B-criteria for SSD were the strongest factors associated with somatic symptom reporting, with a standardized beta coefficient of β = 0.31 (R² = .428, df = 24, F = 187.886). Depressive symptoms and impaired activity and participation were clearly less associated with somatic symptom reporting. Sociodemographic factors, such as age (β = 0.16) and gender (β = 0.12), were also independently associated with somatic symptom reporting. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the concept of SSD related to specific B-criteria associated with somatic symptom reporting, based on a large patient sample. These results point to an important role of psychological symptomatology in patients with somatic symptoms. The findings also suggest that additional factors contribute to the reporting of somatic symptoms. Our results may inform future diagnostic criteria for SSD.
{"title":"Psychobehavioural B-criteria of somatic symptom disorder are associated with somatic symptom reporting in a large sample of psychosomatic outpatients","authors":"Matthias Hoheisel, Stoyan Popkirov, Rosa Michaelis, Matthias Rose","doi":"10.1159/000536668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000536668","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) as introduced by the DSM-5 is characterized by chronic somatic symptoms not fully explained by underlying pathology and accompanied by psychological factors, the diagnostic B-criteria. These cognitive, affective, and behavioral disturbances are related to increased attention to somatic symptoms. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the association between the B-criteria and high symptom reporting in clinical settings.\u0000Methods: This 12-year retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study examined 6,491 patients from a german psychosomatic outpatient center. The somatoform subscale of HEALTH-49 was used to evaluate somatic symptom reporting. Excessive health concerns and other potential criteria associated with symptom reporting were determined using the ICD-10-Symptom Rating and other HEALTH-49 subscales. \u0000Results: Regression analysis revealed that the established B-criteria for SSD were the strongest factors associated with somatic symptom reporting, with a standardized beta coefficient of β = 0.31 (R² = .428, df = 24, F = 187.886). Depressive symptoms and impaired activity and participation were clearly less associated with somatic symptom reporting. Sociodemographic factors, such as age (β = 0.16) and gender (β = 0.12), were also independently associated with somatic symptom reporting.\u0000Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the concept of SSD related to specific B-criteria associated with somatic symptom reporting, based on a large patient sample. These results point to an important role of psychological symptomatology in patients with somatic symptoms. The findings also suggest that additional factors contribute to the reporting of somatic symptoms. Our results may inform future diagnostic criteria for SSD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Hoheisel, Stoyan Popkirov, Rosa Michaelis, Matthias Rose
Introduction: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) as introduced by the DSM-5 is characterized by chronic somatic symptoms not fully explained by underlying pathology and accompanied by psychological factors, the diagnostic B-criteria. These cognitive, affective, and behavioral disturbances are related to increased attention to somatic symptoms. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the association between the B-criteria and high symptom reporting in clinical settings. Methods: This 12-year retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study examined 6,491 patients from a german psychosomatic outpatient center. The somatoform subscale of HEALTH-49 was used to evaluate somatic symptom reporting. Excessive health concerns and other potential criteria associated with symptom reporting were determined using the ICD-10-Symptom Rating and other HEALTH-49 subscales. Results: Regression analysis revealed that the established B-criteria for SSD were the strongest factors associated with somatic symptom reporting, with a standardized beta coefficient of β = 0.31 (R² = .428, df = 24, F = 187.886). Depressive symptoms and impaired activity and participation were clearly less associated with somatic symptom reporting. Sociodemographic factors, such as age (β = 0.16) and gender (β = 0.12), were also independently associated with somatic symptom reporting. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the concept of SSD related to specific B-criteria associated with somatic symptom reporting, based on a large patient sample. These results point to an important role of psychological symptomatology in patients with somatic symptoms. The findings also suggest that additional factors contribute to the reporting of somatic symptoms. Our results may inform future diagnostic criteria for SSD.
{"title":"Psychobehavioural B-criteria of somatic symptom disorder are associated with somatic symptom reporting in a large sample of psychosomatic outpatients","authors":"Matthias Hoheisel, Stoyan Popkirov, Rosa Michaelis, Matthias Rose","doi":"10.1159/000536668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000536668","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) as introduced by the DSM-5 is characterized by chronic somatic symptoms not fully explained by underlying pathology and accompanied by psychological factors, the diagnostic B-criteria. These cognitive, affective, and behavioral disturbances are related to increased attention to somatic symptoms. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the association between the B-criteria and high symptom reporting in clinical settings.\u0000Methods: This 12-year retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study examined 6,491 patients from a german psychosomatic outpatient center. The somatoform subscale of HEALTH-49 was used to evaluate somatic symptom reporting. Excessive health concerns and other potential criteria associated with symptom reporting were determined using the ICD-10-Symptom Rating and other HEALTH-49 subscales. \u0000Results: Regression analysis revealed that the established B-criteria for SSD were the strongest factors associated with somatic symptom reporting, with a standardized beta coefficient of β = 0.31 (R² = .428, df = 24, F = 187.886). Depressive symptoms and impaired activity and participation were clearly less associated with somatic symptom reporting. Sociodemographic factors, such as age (β = 0.16) and gender (β = 0.12), were also independently associated with somatic symptom reporting.\u0000Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the concept of SSD related to specific B-criteria associated with somatic symptom reporting, based on a large patient sample. These results point to an important role of psychological symptomatology in patients with somatic symptoms. The findings also suggest that additional factors contribute to the reporting of somatic symptoms. Our results may inform future diagnostic criteria for SSD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"15 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshie Miyake, Koki Takagaki, Atsuo Yoshino, Yuri Okamoto
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, university students experienced unusual environmental stresses, and the number of university students with depressive symptoms increased. The pandemic had a profoundly negative impact on the mental health of first-year students because they were not prepared to face academic and social stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms, eating behaviors and stress coping ability among first-year university students. Methods: A total of 8,424 first-year students, 2,043 males and 1,636 females who entered university in Japan in 2021-2022 (during the pandemic) and 2,912 males and 1,833 females who entered university in Japan in 2018-2019 (before the pandemic), participated. We investigated the differences in depressive symptoms (using BDI-II), eating behaviors (using EAT-26 and BITE) and stress coping (using CISS, which has three subscales) between first-year students before and during the pandemic. We divided the students into three categories (clinical, subthreshold, and nonsymptomatic) according to depressive symptoms and eating behaviors based on BDI-ll and EAT-26 scores and compared the frequencies of the three categories at two time points. Results: First-year students during the pandemic showed a higher percentage of depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, than first-year students before the pandemic but did not show disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, the CISS-T score was significantly lower for students with depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, during the pandemic than before the pandemic in females. Conclusions: This study suggests that it may be important to provide first-year university students with more information about depressive symptom awareness, including clinical and subthreshold levels, and to provide appropriate stress coping from many angles and early support in pandemic conditions.
{"title":"Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, and eating behaviors in first-year university students","authors":"Yoshie Miyake, Koki Takagaki, Atsuo Yoshino, Yuri Okamoto","doi":"10.1159/000535624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000535624","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, university students experienced unusual environmental stresses, and the number of university students with depressive symptoms increased. The pandemic had a profoundly negative impact on the mental health of first-year students because they were not prepared to face academic and social stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms, eating behaviors and stress coping ability among first-year university students. Methods: A total of 8,424 first-year students, 2,043 males and 1,636 females who entered university in Japan in 2021-2022 (during the pandemic) and 2,912 males and 1,833 females who entered university in Japan in 2018-2019 (before the pandemic), participated. We investigated the differences in depressive symptoms (using BDI-II), eating behaviors (using EAT-26 and BITE) and stress coping (using CISS, which has three subscales) between first-year students before and during the pandemic. We divided the students into three categories (clinical, subthreshold, and nonsymptomatic) according to depressive symptoms and eating behaviors based on BDI-ll and EAT-26 scores and compared the frequencies of the three categories at two time points. Results: First-year students during the pandemic showed a higher percentage of depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, than first-year students before the pandemic but did not show disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, the CISS-T score was significantly lower for students with depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, during the pandemic than before the pandemic in females. Conclusions: This study suggests that it may be important to provide first-year university students with more information about depressive symptom awareness, including clinical and subthreshold levels, and to provide appropriate stress coping from many angles and early support in pandemic conditions.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojie Zhao, Siwei Zhang, Alan R. Sanders, Jubao Duan
Lipids are essential components of the structure and for the function of brain cells. The intricate balance of lipids, including phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and triglycerides, is crucial for maintaining normal brain function. Brain lipids dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the mechanisms of lipids dysregulation in these diseases is crucial for identifying better diagnostic biomarkers and for developing therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring lipid homeostasis. Here, we review the basic role of lipid components as well as a specific lipid organelle, lipid droplets, in brain function, highlighting the potential impact of altered lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders and Alzheimer’s disease.
{"title":"Brain Lipids and Lipid Droplet Dysregulation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neuropsychiatric Disorders","authors":"Xiaojie Zhao, Siwei Zhang, Alan R. Sanders, Jubao Duan","doi":"10.1159/000535131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000535131","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids are essential components of the structure and for the function of brain cells. The intricate balance of lipids, including phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and triglycerides, is crucial for maintaining normal brain function. Brain lipids dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the mechanisms of lipids dysregulation in these diseases is crucial for identifying better diagnostic biomarkers and for developing therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring lipid homeostasis. Here, we review the basic role of lipid components as well as a specific lipid organelle, lipid droplets, in brain function, highlighting the potential impact of altered lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders and Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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