Flourishing online retailing has spawned the agency selling channel, which motivates suppliers to choose among traditional reselling (R), agency selling (A), and hybrid channel strategies (H). In this paper, considering a supplier and a retail platform facing strategic consumers, we develop a Stackelberg game to examine the equilibrium pricing under three channel strategies and further analyze the impact of consumer strategic behavior on the supplier’s channel selection. Results indicate that consumer strategic behaviors induce the intertemporal competition, by reducing the price difference between the two periods. Meanwhile, channel competition can mitigate the effect of strategic behaviors. Furthermore, supply chain members also employ different pricing policies in accordance with channel strategies to respond to more strategic consumers. Specifically, prices would be raised to acquire high-valued consumers in Strategy H, while “small profits but quick turnover” would be taken in the pure channel strategies. Moreover, the supplier optimal channel strategy is a threshold strategies of commission rate, below which Strategy H is preferred, and Strategy R is preferred otherwise, noticing that Strategy A is never be selected. Interestingly, we find that the supplier, retail platform, and consumers could be better off at the same time only when the hybrid channel strategy is selected.
{"title":"Impact of Consumer Strategic Behavior on the Supplier Channel Selection in a Retailing Platform","authors":"Kaijun Liu, Jing Jiang","doi":"10.1155/2023/6302790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6302790","url":null,"abstract":"Flourishing online retailing has spawned the agency selling channel, which motivates suppliers to choose among traditional reselling (R), agency selling (A), and hybrid channel strategies (H). In this paper, considering a supplier and a retail platform facing strategic consumers, we develop a Stackelberg game to examine the equilibrium pricing under three channel strategies and further analyze the impact of consumer strategic behavior on the supplier’s channel selection. Results indicate that consumer strategic behaviors induce the intertemporal competition, by reducing the price difference between the two periods. Meanwhile, channel competition can mitigate the effect of strategic behaviors. Furthermore, supply chain members also employ different pricing policies in accordance with channel strategies to respond to more strategic consumers. Specifically, prices would be raised to acquire high-valued consumers in Strategy H, while “small profits but quick turnover” would be taken in the pure channel strategies. Moreover, the supplier optimal channel strategy is a threshold strategies of commission rate, below which Strategy H is preferred, and Strategy R is preferred otherwise, noticing that Strategy A is never be selected. Interestingly, we find that the supplier, retail platform, and consumers could be better off at the same time only when the hybrid channel strategy is selected.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"47 1","pages":"6302790:1-6302790:29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78709567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiming at the improvement of innovation efficiency after enterprise obtaining subsidies, this paper constructs two-stage innovation benefit model about research and development (R&D) and transformation and achieves Nash equilibrium of innovative inputs to solve the objective discrepancy of innovation between government and enterprise. The main conclusions are as follows: there are three kinds of resource allocation structure in the way of achieving Nash equilibrium. The allocation structure is determined by the sensitivity of benefits (differentiated by social benefits and enterprise benefits) to R&D and transformation. After obtaining subsidies, enterprise optimizes resource allocation and results in crowding out effect, which is the inevitable choice for enterprise to seek benefits. Relative to the enterprise budget, when the proportion of government subsidies is few, the way of subsidies does not affect benefits. When the government invests more subsidies, which are designated for R&D, there is the possibility of dual losses of social benefits and enterprise benefits. The conclusion defines the proportion of subsidies to enterprise budgets so as to differentiate the allocation structure of innovative inputs. The practical significance is to provide a precise method of resource allocation from the microlevel of enterprise project, which alleviates the objective discrepancy between the government and enterprise.
{"title":"Optimization Analysis for Innovative Inputs under the Objective Discrepancy between Government and Enterprise","authors":"Wu Kai, Huiying Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/1082058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1082058","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the improvement of innovation efficiency after enterprise obtaining subsidies, this paper constructs two-stage innovation benefit model about research and development (R&D) and transformation and achieves Nash equilibrium of innovative inputs to solve the objective discrepancy of innovation between government and enterprise. The main conclusions are as follows: there are three kinds of resource allocation structure in the way of achieving Nash equilibrium. The allocation structure is determined by the sensitivity of benefits (differentiated by social benefits and enterprise benefits) to R&D and transformation. After obtaining subsidies, enterprise optimizes resource allocation and results in crowding out effect, which is the inevitable choice for enterprise to seek benefits. Relative to the enterprise budget, when the proportion of government subsidies is few, the way of subsidies does not affect benefits. When the government invests more subsidies, which are designated for R&D, there is the possibility of dual losses of social benefits and enterprise benefits. The conclusion defines the proportion of subsidies to enterprise budgets so as to differentiate the allocation structure of innovative inputs. The practical significance is to provide a precise method of resource allocation from the microlevel of enterprise project, which alleviates the objective discrepancy between the government and enterprise.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"65 1","pages":"1082058:1-1082058:13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75752211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mudassir Shams, N. Kausar, N. Yaqoob, Nayyab Arif, Gezahagne Mulat Addis
Engineering and applied mathematics disciplines that involve differential equations include classical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrodynamics, and general relativity. Modelling a wide range of real-world situations sometimes comprises ambiguous, imprecise, or insufficient situational information, as well as multiindex, uncertainty, or restriction dynamics. As a result, intuitionistic fuzzy set models are significantly more useful and versatile in dealing with this type of data than fuzzy set models, triangular, or trapezoidal fuzzy set models. In this research, we looked at differential equations in a generalized intuitionistic fuzzy environment. We used the modified Adomian decomposition technique to solve generalized intuitionistic fuzzy initial value problems. The generalized modified Adomian decomposition technique is used to solve various higher-order generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy initial value problems, circuit analysis problems, mass-spring systems, steam supply control sliding value problems, and some other problems in physical science. The outcomes of numerical test applications were compared to exact technique solutions, and it was shown that our generalized modified Adomian decomposition method is efficient, robotic, and reliable, as well as simple to implement.
{"title":"Techniques for Finding Analytical Solution of Generalized Fuzzy Differential Equations with Applications","authors":"Mudassir Shams, N. Kausar, N. Yaqoob, Nayyab Arif, Gezahagne Mulat Addis","doi":"10.1155/2023/3000653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3000653","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering and applied mathematics disciplines that involve differential equations include classical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrodynamics, and general relativity. Modelling a wide range of real-world situations sometimes comprises ambiguous, imprecise, or insufficient situational information, as well as multiindex, uncertainty, or restriction dynamics. As a result, intuitionistic fuzzy set models are significantly more useful and versatile in dealing with this type of data than fuzzy set models, triangular, or trapezoidal fuzzy set models. In this research, we looked at differential equations in a generalized intuitionistic fuzzy environment. We used the modified Adomian decomposition technique to solve generalized intuitionistic fuzzy initial value problems. The generalized modified Adomian decomposition technique is used to solve various higher-order generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy initial value problems, circuit analysis problems, mass-spring systems, steam supply control sliding value problems, and some other problems in physical science. The outcomes of numerical test applications were compared to exact technique solutions, and it was shown that our generalized modified Adomian decomposition method is efficient, robotic, and reliable, as well as simple to implement.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"167 1","pages":"3000653:1-3000653:31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74336353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadeel S. Klakattawi, Aisha A. Khormi, L. Baharith
Statistical probability distributions are commonly used by data analysts and statisticians to describe and analyze their data. It is possible in many situations that data would not fit the existing classical distributions. A new distribution is therefore required in order to accommodate the complexities of different data shapes and enhance the goodness of fit. A novel model called the new generalized exponentiated Fréchet–Weibull distribution is proposed in this paper by combing two methods, the transformed transformer method and the new generalized exponentiated method. This novel modeling approach is capable of modeling complex data structures in a wide range of applications. Some statistical properties of the new distribution are derived. The parameters have been estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. Then, different simulation studies have been conducted to assess the behavior of the estimators. The performance of the proposed distribution in modeling has been investigated by means of applications to three real datasets. Further, a new regression model is proposed through reparametrization of the new generalized exponentiated Fréchet–Weibull distribution using the log-location-scale technique. The effectiveness of the proposed regression model is also investigated with two simulation studies and three real censored datasets. The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed models over other competing models.
{"title":"The New Generalized Exponentiated Fréchet-Weibull Distribution: Properties, Applications, and Regression Model","authors":"Hadeel S. Klakattawi, Aisha A. Khormi, L. Baharith","doi":"10.1155/2023/2196572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2196572","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical probability distributions are commonly used by data analysts and statisticians to describe and analyze their data. It is possible in many situations that data would not fit the existing classical distributions. A new distribution is therefore required in order to accommodate the complexities of different data shapes and enhance the goodness of fit. A novel model called the new generalized exponentiated Fréchet–Weibull distribution is proposed in this paper by combing two methods, the transformed transformer method and the new generalized exponentiated method. This novel modeling approach is capable of modeling complex data structures in a wide range of applications. Some statistical properties of the new distribution are derived. The parameters have been estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. Then, different simulation studies have been conducted to assess the behavior of the estimators. The performance of the proposed distribution in modeling has been investigated by means of applications to three real datasets. Further, a new regression model is proposed through reparametrization of the new generalized exponentiated Fréchet–Weibull distribution using the log-location-scale technique. The effectiveness of the proposed regression model is also investigated with two simulation studies and three real censored datasets. The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed models over other competing models.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":"2196572:1-2196572:23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83044047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Up-to-date compliance management uses a risk-based approach based on international standards. In addition to techniques and practices, implementing compliance measures is determined by principles and culture. Compliance risk assessment is an evolving field in theory and practice. Compliance risk management is complex and highly dependent on the decisions of experts. This article presents a new compliance risk assessment method based on a commercial banking case study. In the study, the Guilford method is used to extend the Partial Risk Map (PRISM) assessment technique, and the steps of the proposed pairwise comparison-based PRISM method are described in detail. Since risk assessment is critical to the operation and development of compliance management systems, the proposed risk assessment method involves testing individual evaluations’ consistency and the results’ robustness. The best-fitting and outlier experts can be identified based on testing the impact of individual expert rankings on the aggregated ranking. The main finding is that top partial risks can be identified by applying the proposed pairwise comparison-based PRISM technique; therefore, possible optimal risk mitigation strategies and measures can be designed.
{"title":"Compliance Risk Assessment in the Banking Sector: Application of a Novel Pairwise Comparison-Based PRISM Method","authors":"F. Bognár, Balázs Szentes, Petra Benedek","doi":"10.1155/2023/9165815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9165815","url":null,"abstract":"Up-to-date compliance management uses a risk-based approach based on international standards. In addition to techniques and practices, implementing compliance measures is determined by principles and culture. Compliance risk assessment is an evolving field in theory and practice. Compliance risk management is complex and highly dependent on the decisions of experts. This article presents a new compliance risk assessment method based on a commercial banking case study. In the study, the Guilford method is used to extend the Partial Risk Map (PRISM) assessment technique, and the steps of the proposed pairwise comparison-based PRISM method are described in detail. Since risk assessment is critical to the operation and development of compliance management systems, the proposed risk assessment method involves testing individual evaluations’ consistency and the results’ robustness. The best-fitting and outlier experts can be identified based on testing the impact of individual expert rankings on the aggregated ranking. The main finding is that top partial risks can be identified by applying the proposed pairwise comparison-based PRISM technique; therefore, possible optimal risk mitigation strategies and measures can be designed.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"27 1","pages":"9165815:1-9165815:13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, any organization, in order to be aware of the desirability and quality of its activities, especially in dynamic environments, urgently needs an evaluation system to assess its system’s performance and efficiency. In this study, the performance of production and service organizations has been evaluated according to the effect of knowledge management success factors and organizational agility on the success factors of total quality management (TQM (total quality management)). Considering that the two areas of knowledge management and organizational agility are among those influential on TQM and each has been examined separately in the previous studies in relation to it, none of the previous studies has focused on all these three areas together. Therefore, in the present study, in addition to evaluating the performance of organizations based on the success factors of TQM, we seek to identify the influential factors and success factors of each of the three areas of knowledge management, organizational agility, and TQM; then, the impact of knowledge management and organizational agility on the success factors of TQM is evaluated. To express the above-given relationship, group interpretive structural modelling (ISM (interpretive structural modelling)) techniques have been used to rank the components of each domain; also, fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD (fuzzy quality function deployment)) technique has been applied to find the weight and relationship of the three mentioned domains by examining the independent and interface variables of the previous step. The weights resulting from two-stage house of quality have been used as the weights for the design of the two-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) model by the weight control method. Finally, the above-given factors in knowledge-based companies located in Khorramabad Science and Technology Park have been studied and the results have been expressed.
{"title":"Providing a Framework for Performance Evaluation of Organizations in Successfully Implementing TQM, Based on Knowledge Management Approach and Organizational Agility","authors":"Neda Irannejad, H. Shirouyehzad, A. Shahin","doi":"10.1155/2023/1857596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1857596","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, any organization, in order to be aware of the desirability and quality of its activities, especially in dynamic environments, urgently needs an evaluation system to assess its system’s performance and efficiency. In this study, the performance of production and service organizations has been evaluated according to the effect of knowledge management success factors and organizational agility on the success factors of total quality management (TQM (total quality management)). Considering that the two areas of knowledge management and organizational agility are among those influential on TQM and each has been examined separately in the previous studies in relation to it, none of the previous studies has focused on all these three areas together. Therefore, in the present study, in addition to evaluating the performance of organizations based on the success factors of TQM, we seek to identify the influential factors and success factors of each of the three areas of knowledge management, organizational agility, and TQM; then, the impact of knowledge management and organizational agility on the success factors of TQM is evaluated. To express the above-given relationship, group interpretive structural modelling (ISM (interpretive structural modelling)) techniques have been used to rank the components of each domain; also, fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD (fuzzy quality function deployment)) technique has been applied to find the weight and relationship of the three mentioned domains by examining the independent and interface variables of the previous step. The weights resulting from two-stage house of quality have been used as the weights for the design of the two-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) model by the weight control method. Finally, the above-given factors in knowledge-based companies located in Khorramabad Science and Technology Park have been studied and the results have been expressed.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"10 1","pages":"1857596:1-1857596:24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85030140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tengfei Lei, R. Li, Nuttapong Jotikastira, Haiyan Fu, Cong Wang
Precise inventory prediction is the key to goods inventory and safety management. Accurate inventory prediction improves enterprises’ production efficiency. It is also essential to control costs and optimize the supply chain’s performance. Nevertheless, the complex inventory data are often chaotic and nonlinear; high data complexity raises the accuracy prediction difficulty. This study simulated inventory records by using the dynamics inventory management system. Four deep neural network models trained the data: short-term memory neural network (LSTM), convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (Bi-LSTM), and deep long-short-term memory neural network (DLSTM). Evaluating the models’ performance based on RMSE, MSE, and MAE, bi-LSTM achieved the highest prediction accuracy with the least square error of 0.14%. The results concluded that the complexity of the model was not directly related to the prediction performance. By contrasting several methods of chaotic nonlinear inventory data and neural network dynamics prediction, this study contributed to the academia. The research results provided useful advice for companies’ planned production and inventory officers when they plan for product inventory and minimize the risk of mishaps brought on by excess inventories in warehouses.
{"title":"Prediction for the Inventory Management Chaotic Complexity System Based on the Deep Neural Network Algorithm","authors":"Tengfei Lei, R. Li, Nuttapong Jotikastira, Haiyan Fu, Cong Wang","doi":"10.1155/2023/9369888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9369888","url":null,"abstract":"Precise inventory prediction is the key to goods inventory and safety management. Accurate inventory prediction improves enterprises’ production efficiency. It is also essential to control costs and optimize the supply chain’s performance. Nevertheless, the complex inventory data are often chaotic and nonlinear; high data complexity raises the accuracy prediction difficulty. This study simulated inventory records by using the dynamics inventory management system. Four deep neural network models trained the data: short-term memory neural network (LSTM), convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (Bi-LSTM), and deep long-short-term memory neural network (DLSTM). Evaluating the models’ performance based on RMSE, MSE, and MAE, bi-LSTM achieved the highest prediction accuracy with the least square error of 0.14%. The results concluded that the complexity of the model was not directly related to the prediction performance. By contrasting several methods of chaotic nonlinear inventory data and neural network dynamics prediction, this study contributed to the academia. The research results provided useful advice for companies’ planned production and inventory officers when they plan for product inventory and minimize the risk of mishaps brought on by excess inventories in warehouses.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"2023 1","pages":"9369888:1-9369888:11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80204245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debt restructuring is an effective means to solve the financial difficulties of enterprises. At present, the operation methods and means of enterprises with different characteristics to participate in debt restructuring are different, and no universal debt restructuring scheme has been formed. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. This paper discusses the influence mechanism of multiple concurrent factors on enterprise debt restructuring and summarizes the selection rules of debt restructuring strategies for enterprises with different characteristics of debt. The research shows that there are five kinds of allocation for enterprises to realize debt restructuring. According to the different core conditions, enterprise debt restructuring can be divided into high-quality operation and management mode, technology leading mode, and debt-to-equity mode. The research results reveal the mechanism behind enterprise debt restructuring and provide a reference basis for the government and creditors to make corresponding decisions in the debt restructuring process.
{"title":"Multiagent Decision-Making of Enterprise Debt Restructuring Based on Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis","authors":"Danyu Zhao, Li-meng Song, Liangliang Han","doi":"10.1155/2023/6722707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6722707","url":null,"abstract":"Debt restructuring is an effective means to solve the financial difficulties of enterprises. At present, the operation methods and means of enterprises with different characteristics to participate in debt restructuring are different, and no universal debt restructuring scheme has been formed. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. This paper discusses the influence mechanism of multiple concurrent factors on enterprise debt restructuring and summarizes the selection rules of debt restructuring strategies for enterprises with different characteristics of debt. The research shows that there are five kinds of allocation for enterprises to realize debt restructuring. According to the different core conditions, enterprise debt restructuring can be divided into high-quality operation and management mode, technology leading mode, and debt-to-equity mode. The research results reveal the mechanism behind enterprise debt restructuring and provide a reference basis for the government and creditors to make corresponding decisions in the debt restructuring process.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"11 1","pages":"6722707:1-6722707:15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77011237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bang-Lee Chang, Hanh Tien, Yong-Jun Lin, Gary Li-Kai Hsiao
Public libraries are popular gathering places, so understanding the factors that contribute to colony-forming unit (CFU) concentrations and how to minimize them is essential. This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect CFU concentrations in a public library, using air sampling (Bioluminescent ATP-assay) and statistical analysis software (SPSS) to collect and analyze data. The findings indicated that the CFU concentration in the library was significantly influenced by the air quality surrounding the building, the number of library visitors, and the hygiene and health of both visitors and employees. Additionally, indoor temperature and humidity were found to be key factors affecting CFU concentration. These findings suggest the need for better ventilation and air filtration systems, as well as regular cleaning and disinfection in public libraries. Furthermore, research is recommended to investigate other potential factors that may impact indoor air quality in public spaces.
{"title":"Key Elements Affecting the Library's CFU Concentration in Taiwan","authors":"Bang-Lee Chang, Hanh Tien, Yong-Jun Lin, Gary Li-Kai Hsiao","doi":"10.1155/2023/9345311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9345311","url":null,"abstract":"Public libraries are popular gathering places, so understanding the factors that contribute to colony-forming unit (CFU) concentrations and how to minimize them is essential. This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect CFU concentrations in a public library, using air sampling (Bioluminescent ATP-assay) and statistical analysis software (SPSS) to collect and analyze data. The findings indicated that the CFU concentration in the library was significantly influenced by the air quality surrounding the building, the number of library visitors, and the hygiene and health of both visitors and employees. Additionally, indoor temperature and humidity were found to be key factors affecting CFU concentration. These findings suggest the need for better ventilation and air filtration systems, as well as regular cleaning and disinfection in public libraries. Furthermore, research is recommended to investigate other potential factors that may impact indoor air quality in public spaces.","PeriodicalId":72654,"journal":{"name":"Complex psychiatry","volume":"11 1","pages":"9345311:1-9345311:11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79179446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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