Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00091-4
Christian Conger, Linda B Cottler
Background: Data are needed on differences in community-dwelling populations with bipolar disorder (BP) regarding trust in research and access to care. We characterized community members by lifetime history of bipolar disorder. We hypothesized that those with BP would have less trust in research, visit a health provider less, and participate less in research than those without BP. We also hypothesized that those with BP would be more likely to have a history of marijuana (MJ) use.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used for this analysis. The study population consisted of 12,489 members (78.0%) from the HealthStreet community engagement program who were interviewed by a Community Health Worker about health history and demographics.
Results: Among the sample, the rate of BP was 10.6% (n = 1326). Those reporting BP were more likely than those who did not (n = 11,163), to report muscle, bone, and mental health problems, to be younger, female, to have visited the doctor in the past 12 months, to be interested in participating in research, and be current MJ users. Trust did not differ between BP groups.
Conclusions: Our analysis found that persons with BP had higher access to care and more interest in research, thus our primary hypothesis was rejected. Our secondary hypothesis, that persons with BP were more likely to have a history of MJ use was upheld. These findings are important because they address a crucial gap in the literature surrounding BP and lay the groundwork for future community-level research.
{"title":"Health concerns, access to care, and trust in research and researchers among community members with bipolar disorder.","authors":"Christian Conger, Linda B Cottler","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00091-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-024-00091-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data are needed on differences in community-dwelling populations with bipolar disorder (BP) regarding trust in research and access to care. We characterized community members by lifetime history of bipolar disorder. We hypothesized that those with BP would have less trust in research, visit a health provider less, and participate less in research than those without BP. We also hypothesized that those with BP would be more likely to have a history of marijuana (MJ) use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used for this analysis. The study population consisted of 12,489 members (78.0%) from the HealthStreet community engagement program who were interviewed by a Community Health Worker about health history and demographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the sample, the rate of BP was 10.6% (n = 1326). Those reporting BP were more likely than those who did not (n = 11,163), to report muscle, bone, and mental health problems, to be younger, female, to have visited the doctor in the past 12 months, to be interested in participating in research, and be current MJ users. Trust did not differ between BP groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis found that persons with BP had higher access to care and more interest in research, thus our primary hypothesis was rejected. Our secondary hypothesis, that persons with BP were more likely to have a history of MJ use was upheld. These findings are important because they address a crucial gap in the literature surrounding BP and lay the groundwork for future community-level research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00094-1
Quamaine Bond, Himanshu Agrawal
Background: This case report describes an infrequent instance of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in a 23-year-old nonverbal male with cri du chat syndrome.
Case presentation: Risperidone, initially prescribed to manage aggressive behaviors, resulted in bilateral gynecomastia and hyperprolactinemia. Tapering of risperidone led to resolution of these symptoms but exposed a resurgence of excessive masturbation, a behavior previously suppressed by the medication. Reintroduction of risperidone controlled this behavior, suggesting its potential role in managing compulsive behaviors in this population.
Conclusion: This case underscores the complex interaction between pharmacological treatment and behavioral symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders. It highlights the necessity for meticulous monitoring and individualized treatment approaches in managing such cases.
Case presentation: Initially prescribed for managing aggressive behaviors, Risperidone led to bilateral gynecomastia and hyperprolactinemia in the patient. Gradual tapering of Risperidone alleviated these symptoms but unveiled a resurgence of excessive masturbation, a behavior previously suppressed by the medication. Reintroduction of Risperidone mitigated this behavior, suggesting its potential efficacy in managing compulsive tendencies in this demographic.
Conclusion: This case highlights the intricate interplay between pharmacological interventions and the complex behavioral manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders. It underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and personalized treatment strategies in such cases.
{"title":"Pharmacological tightrope: risperidone's balancing act in cri du chat syndrome.","authors":"Quamaine Bond, Himanshu Agrawal","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00094-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-024-00094-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This case report describes an infrequent instance of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in a 23-year-old nonverbal male with cri du chat syndrome.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Risperidone, initially prescribed to manage aggressive behaviors, resulted in bilateral gynecomastia and hyperprolactinemia. Tapering of risperidone led to resolution of these symptoms but exposed a resurgence of excessive masturbation, a behavior previously suppressed by the medication. Reintroduction of risperidone controlled this behavior, suggesting its potential role in managing compulsive behaviors in this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the complex interaction between pharmacological treatment and behavioral symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders. It highlights the necessity for meticulous monitoring and individualized treatment approaches in managing such cases.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Initially prescribed for managing aggressive behaviors, Risperidone led to bilateral gynecomastia and hyperprolactinemia in the patient. Gradual tapering of Risperidone alleviated these symptoms but unveiled a resurgence of excessive masturbation, a behavior previously suppressed by the medication. Reintroduction of Risperidone mitigated this behavior, suggesting its potential efficacy in managing compulsive tendencies in this demographic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the intricate interplay between pharmacological interventions and the complex behavioral manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders. It underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and personalized treatment strategies in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00085-2
Joan Abaatyo, Mark Mohan Kaggwa
Over the years, the use of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has gained increasing acceptance as a viable treatment for managing treatment-resistant mental health conditions, and it is known to deliver more rapid therapeutic benefits than most treatment modalities in psychiatry. However, the practice of ECT exhibits significant variability both within and between countries. This review aimed to shed light on the status of ECT in the African context and its implications for mental health care in the region. In July 2023, databases (Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, etc.) were searched for articles about ECT in Africa, following the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies reporting ECT practices in Africa and those about knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions were excluded. A total of 25 articles met the study criteria. The reviewed studies revealed that unmodified ECT continues to be used in some African countries due to resource limitations, while bilateral ECT is widely practiced across the continent. The primary diagnostic indications for ECT in Africa included severe depression and affective disorders. ECT usage and regulation vary significantly throughout Africa. The studies, primarily observational, detailed numerous challenges in employing the method, particularly concerning resource utilization in healthcare facilities. The review highlights the necessity for adaptable standards and local protocols to enhance ECT practices throughout Africa. It emphasizes the importance of conducting more evidence-based research to develop region-specific guidelines that ensure the safe and effective use of ECT. Policymakers and healthcare practitioners should prioritize resource allocation, training, and standardization to improve ECT delivery and outcomes on the continent.
{"title":"The electro-convulsive therapy story of Africa, a systematic review.","authors":"Joan Abaatyo, Mark Mohan Kaggwa","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00085-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-024-00085-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the years, the use of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has gained increasing acceptance as a viable treatment for managing treatment-resistant mental health conditions, and it is known to deliver more rapid therapeutic benefits than most treatment modalities in psychiatry. However, the practice of ECT exhibits significant variability both within and between countries. This review aimed to shed light on the status of ECT in the African context and its implications for mental health care in the region. In July 2023, databases (Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, etc.) were searched for articles about ECT in Africa, following the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies reporting ECT practices in Africa and those about knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions were excluded. A total of 25 articles met the study criteria. The reviewed studies revealed that unmodified ECT continues to be used in some African countries due to resource limitations, while bilateral ECT is widely practiced across the continent. The primary diagnostic indications for ECT in Africa included severe depression and affective disorders. ECT usage and regulation vary significantly throughout Africa. The studies, primarily observational, detailed numerous challenges in employing the method, particularly concerning resource utilization in healthcare facilities. The review highlights the necessity for adaptable standards and local protocols to enhance ECT practices throughout Africa. It emphasizes the importance of conducting more evidence-based research to develop region-specific guidelines that ensure the safe and effective use of ECT. Policymakers and healthcare practitioners should prioritize resource allocation, training, and standardization to improve ECT delivery and outcomes on the continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00089-y
Francis Agyei, Ama de-Graft Aikins, Annabella Osei-Tutu, Francis Annor
Building caring communities is fundamental to achieving a community-based approach to mental health. Understanding how communities perceive mental illness provides critical insight into fostering mental health awareness and care. We explored the perceptions of mental illness among members of two urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. Qualitative data were collected from 77 participants through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and situated conversations. Using theory-driven thematic analysis based on social representations theory, findings revealed cognitive-emotional representations of mental illness. The communities demonstrated high awareness of the multilevel factors contributing to mental illness risk and experiences, drawing on five sources of knowledge: embodied, common sense, medical, cultural, and religious. Mental illness representations informed the classification and legitimization of mental illness based on the severity of conditions and the identity of sufferers. These findings provide valuable insights for planning community mental health interventions that address both social and institutional care needs.
{"title":"Creating communities that care: social representation of mental health in two urban poor communities in Ghana.","authors":"Francis Agyei, Ama de-Graft Aikins, Annabella Osei-Tutu, Francis Annor","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00089-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-024-00089-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Building caring communities is fundamental to achieving a community-based approach to mental health. Understanding how communities perceive mental illness provides critical insight into fostering mental health awareness and care. We explored the perceptions of mental illness among members of two urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. Qualitative data were collected from 77 participants through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and situated conversations. Using theory-driven thematic analysis based on social representations theory, findings revealed cognitive-emotional representations of mental illness. The communities demonstrated high awareness of the multilevel factors contributing to mental illness risk and experiences, drawing on five sources of knowledge: embodied, common sense, medical, cultural, and religious. Mental illness representations informed the classification and legitimization of mental illness based on the severity of conditions and the identity of sufferers. These findings provide valuable insights for planning community mental health interventions that address both social and institutional care needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11384667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00088-z
Saskia Karina Coomans, Lotta Virtanen, Anu-Marja Kaihlanen, Teemu Rantanen, Timo Clemens, Tarja Heponiemi
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased worldwide mental health conditions, substantially affecting the demand and provision of mental health services. To continue services and safeguard the health and well-being of mental health service users, service providers have responded to the pandemic with the adoption of remote services. The objective of our study was to identify and compare the promoters and challenges of the adoption of remote mental health services experienced by service users in Finland and the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic with help of the FITTE framework.
Methods: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive approach, consisting of in-depth semi-structured interviews with mental health service users in Finland (n = 12) and the Netherlands (n = 13) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative content analysis with both inductive and deductive approach was utilized, and the extended FITTE framework was applied to identify the factors related to the fit between individual, task, technology, and environment that influenced the adoption of remote services.
Results: Overall, the adoption of remote mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic involved several promoters related to easy access to mental health services, support for mental health and well-being, and benefits of the home environment such as not having to leave outside for services and having less risk of getting the corona virus. Most of the challenges were related to lack of non-verbal communication, difficulties with expressing oneself and interpreting others, technological issues, the organization of remote services, usability and suitability of services, affinity of the health professional with the provision of remote services, and the safety and security of remote services.
Conclusions: While remote services are accessible, support our well-being and mental health and protect us against the coronavirus, our findings also show that face-to-face contact was often indispensable when adopting mental health services. Therefore, the design of future mental health services should include both remote and face-to-face delivery. Further research should be done on blended approaches and on ways in which the challenges and development needs which emerged from this study can be tackled to improve remote mental health services.
{"title":"Remote mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland and the Netherlands: a qualitative study.","authors":"Saskia Karina Coomans, Lotta Virtanen, Anu-Marja Kaihlanen, Teemu Rantanen, Timo Clemens, Tarja Heponiemi","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00088-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-024-00088-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has increased worldwide mental health conditions, substantially affecting the demand and provision of mental health services. To continue services and safeguard the health and well-being of mental health service users, service providers have responded to the pandemic with the adoption of remote services. The objective of our study was to identify and compare the promoters and challenges of the adoption of remote mental health services experienced by service users in Finland and the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic with help of the FITTE framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study adopted a qualitative descriptive approach, consisting of in-depth semi-structured interviews with mental health service users in Finland (n = 12) and the Netherlands (n = 13) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative content analysis with both inductive and deductive approach was utilized, and the extended FITTE framework was applied to identify the factors related to the fit between individual, task, technology, and environment that influenced the adoption of remote services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the adoption of remote mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic involved several promoters related to easy access to mental health services, support for mental health and well-being, and benefits of the home environment such as not having to leave outside for services and having less risk of getting the corona virus. Most of the challenges were related to lack of non-verbal communication, difficulties with expressing oneself and interpreting others, technological issues, the organization of remote services, usability and suitability of services, affinity of the health professional with the provision of remote services, and the safety and security of remote services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While remote services are accessible, support our well-being and mental health and protect us against the coronavirus, our findings also show that face-to-face contact was often indispensable when adopting mental health services. Therefore, the design of future mental health services should include both remote and face-to-face delivery. Further research should be done on blended approaches and on ways in which the challenges and development needs which emerged from this study can be tackled to improve remote mental health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00086-1
Mamtuti Panneh, Qingming Ding, Rhoda Kabuti, John Bradley, Polly Ngurukiri, Mary Kungu, Tanya Abramsky, James Pollock, Alicja Beksinska, Pooja Shah, Erastus Irungu, Mitzy Gafos, Janet Seeley, Helen A Weiss, Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai, Michael J Rieder, Rupert Kaul, Joshua Kimani, Tara Beattie
Violence, poor mental health, and harmful substance use are commonly experienced by female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa, all of which are associated with increased HIV susceptibility. We aimed to investigate the associations between violence, poor mental health and harmful alcohol/substance use with hair cortisol concentration (HCC) levels as a potential biological pathway linking the experiences of these stressors and HIV vulnerability. We used the baseline data of the Maisha Fiti study of FSWs in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants reported recent violence, poor mental health, and harmful alcohol/substance use. Hair samples proximal to the scalp were collected to measure cortisol levels determined by ELISA. We analysed the data of 425 HIV-negative respondents who provided at least 2 cm of hair sample. The prevalence of recent violence was 89.3% (physical 54.6%; sexual 49.4%; emotional 77.0% and financial 66.5%), and 29.1% had been arrested due to sex work. 23.7% of participants reported moderate/severe depression, 11.6% moderate/severe anxiety, 13.5% PTSD and 10.8% recent suicidal thoughts and/or attempts. About half of the participants (48.8%) reported recent harmful alcohol and/or other substance use. In multivariable linear regression analyses, both physical and/or sexual violence (adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) = 1.28; 95% CI 1.01-1.62) and harmful alcohol and/or other substance use (aGMR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.03-1.65) were positively and independently associated with increased HCC levels. Findings suggest a role of violence and substance use in elevated HCC levels, which could increase HIV risk due to cortisol-related T cell activation. However, longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区的女性性工作者(FSWs)通常会经历暴力、心理健康状况不佳和有害物质的使用,所有这些都与艾滋病易感性的增加有关。我们的目的是调查暴力、不良心理健康和有害酒精/药物使用与毛发皮质醇浓度(HCC)水平之间的关联,以此作为连接这些压力体验和艾滋病易感性的潜在生物学途径。我们使用了肯尼亚内罗毕女性社会工作者 Maisha Fiti 研究的基线数据。参与者报告了最近的暴力事件、不良心理健康和有害酒精/药物使用情况。我们采集了头皮附近的头发样本,通过 ELISA 方法测定皮质醇水平。我们分析了 425 名提供至少 2 厘米头发样本的 HIV 阴性受访者的数据。最近遭受暴力的比例为 89.3%(身体暴力 54.6%;性暴力 49.4%;情感暴力 77.0%;经济暴力 66.5%),29.1% 的受访者曾因从事性工作而被捕。23.7% 的参与者报告患有中度/重度抑郁症,11.6% 患有中度/重度焦虑症,13.5% 患有创伤后应激障碍,10.8% 最近有自杀念头和/或企图自杀。约有一半的参与者(48.8%)报告最近曾酗酒和/或使用其他有害物质。在多变量线性回归分析中,身体暴力和/或性暴力(调整后几何平均比 (aGMR) = 1.28; 95% CI 1.01-1.62)以及酗酒和/或使用其他有害物质(aGMR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.03-1.65)均与 HCC 水平的升高呈独立正相关。研究结果表明,暴力和药物使用在 HCC 水平升高中扮演了重要角色,这可能会因皮质醇相关的 T 细胞激活而增加感染艾滋病毒的风险。然而,要证实这一假设,还需要进行纵向和机制研究。
{"title":"Associations of hair cortisol levels with violence, poor mental health, and harmful alcohol and other substance use among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.","authors":"Mamtuti Panneh, Qingming Ding, Rhoda Kabuti, John Bradley, Polly Ngurukiri, Mary Kungu, Tanya Abramsky, James Pollock, Alicja Beksinska, Pooja Shah, Erastus Irungu, Mitzy Gafos, Janet Seeley, Helen A Weiss, Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai, Michael J Rieder, Rupert Kaul, Joshua Kimani, Tara Beattie","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00086-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-024-00086-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Violence, poor mental health, and harmful substance use are commonly experienced by female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa, all of which are associated with increased HIV susceptibility. We aimed to investigate the associations between violence, poor mental health and harmful alcohol/substance use with hair cortisol concentration (HCC) levels as a potential biological pathway linking the experiences of these stressors and HIV vulnerability. We used the baseline data of the Maisha Fiti study of FSWs in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants reported recent violence, poor mental health, and harmful alcohol/substance use. Hair samples proximal to the scalp were collected to measure cortisol levels determined by ELISA. We analysed the data of 425 HIV-negative respondents who provided at least 2 cm of hair sample. The prevalence of recent violence was 89.3% (physical 54.6%; sexual 49.4%; emotional 77.0% and financial 66.5%), and 29.1% had been arrested due to sex work. 23.7% of participants reported moderate/severe depression, 11.6% moderate/severe anxiety, 13.5% PTSD and 10.8% recent suicidal thoughts and/or attempts. About half of the participants (48.8%) reported recent harmful alcohol and/or other substance use. In multivariable linear regression analyses, both physical and/or sexual violence (adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) = 1.28; 95% CI 1.01-1.62) and harmful alcohol and/or other substance use (aGMR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.03-1.65) were positively and independently associated with increased HCC levels. Findings suggest a role of violence and substance use in elevated HCC levels, which could increase HIV risk due to cortisol-related T cell activation. However, longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00084-3
Mohammed Haydar Awad, Rahaf Salah Mohamed, Maram Mutasim Abbas, Mala Babeldin Absam
Background: Tiredness, poor concentration, disturbed sleep and poor appetite can all be caused by depression, which is a common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder, suicidal ideation, and risk factors in Sudanese children and adolescents during the Sudanese army conflict.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among Sudanese children between 11 and 17 years old who living in Sudan at the start of the conflict by using a self-administered questionnaire under the guidance of parents, if necessary. The questionnaire was adapted from the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) checklist for the assessment of major depression disorder symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Edition 5th Edition (DSM-5). The questionnaire was translated into Arabic by two expert translators, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 software, and descriptive analysis and any appropriate statistical tests were performed.
Results: Among the 963 participants, the mean age was 15.18 ± 2.1 years, 65.5% were female, and 67.7% had major depressive disorder. There was a significant relationship between MDD score, age, sex, current residency status, and traumatic event exposure, with P values less than 0.001 for all variables.
Conclusion: Major depressive disorder was highly prevalent among Sudanese children and adolescents included in the present study. Additionally, suicidal ideation, which requires immediate intervention, was reported to be very high. The findings will help the government to provide proper mental health interventions for affected people.
{"title":"Major depressive disorder: point prevalence, suicidal ideation, and risk factors among Sudanese children and adolescents during Sudan army conflict: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mohammed Haydar Awad, Rahaf Salah Mohamed, Maram Mutasim Abbas, Mala Babeldin Absam","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-024-00084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tiredness, poor concentration, disturbed sleep and poor appetite can all be caused by depression, which is a common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder, suicidal ideation, and risk factors in Sudanese children and adolescents during the Sudanese army conflict.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among Sudanese children between 11 and 17 years old who living in Sudan at the start of the conflict by using a self-administered questionnaire under the guidance of parents, if necessary. The questionnaire was adapted from the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) checklist for the assessment of major depression disorder symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Edition 5th Edition (DSM-5). The questionnaire was translated into Arabic by two expert translators, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 software, and descriptive analysis and any appropriate statistical tests were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 963 participants, the mean age was 15.18 ± 2.1 years, 65.5% were female, and 67.7% had major depressive disorder. There was a significant relationship between MDD score, age, sex, current residency status, and traumatic event exposure, with P values less than 0.001 for all variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Major depressive disorder was highly prevalent among Sudanese children and adolescents included in the present study. Additionally, suicidal ideation, which requires immediate intervention, was reported to be very high. The findings will help the government to provide proper mental health interventions for affected people.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00083-4
Deborah Oyine Aluh, Diego Diaz-Milanes, Barbara Pedrosa, Manuela Silva, Ugnė Grigaitė, Carolina Rocha Almeida, Maria Ferreira de Almeida Mousinho, Margarida Vieira, Graça Cardoso, José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida
Background: There is a growing recognition that staff attitudes toward coercion in mental health care may influence its application. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Staff Attitudes towards Coercion Scale (SACS) and describes mental health professionals' attitudes towards coercion in Portugal.
Methods: Mental health professionals working in five Portuguese mental health services in urban and rural regions of Portugal were invited to complete a questionnaire comprising the SACS and a socio-demographic form. Psychometric analyses including construct validity and internal consistency were carried out using R software.
Results: A total of 91 out of 119 questionnaires completed were valid for analysis. Fifty-seven (62.64%) respondents were female, with an age range of 24 to 69 years (M = 39.33; SD = 11.09). More than half of them were nurses (52.75%, n = 48), and a third were psychiatrists (36.26%, n = 33). A three-factor structure was confirmed and showed the best fit compared to previously proposed models with a cumulative explained variance of 59%. The Portuguese SACS exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full-scale and subscales. The highest mean score was in the pragmatic attitude domain (20.60; SD = 3.37). A negative correlation was observed between the critical attitude domain and both age and years of experience (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: A three-factor structure was confirmed and showed the best fit compared to previously proposed models. The Portuguese SACS showed excellent psychometric properties and is acceptable for assessing staff attitudes towards coercion.
{"title":"Coercion in psychiatry: psychometric validation of the Portuguese Staff Attitudes to Coercion Scale (SACS).","authors":"Deborah Oyine Aluh, Diego Diaz-Milanes, Barbara Pedrosa, Manuela Silva, Ugnė Grigaitė, Carolina Rocha Almeida, Maria Ferreira de Almeida Mousinho, Margarida Vieira, Graça Cardoso, José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00083-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-024-00083-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a growing recognition that staff attitudes toward coercion in mental health care may influence its application. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Staff Attitudes towards Coercion Scale (SACS) and describes mental health professionals' attitudes towards coercion in Portugal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mental health professionals working in five Portuguese mental health services in urban and rural regions of Portugal were invited to complete a questionnaire comprising the SACS and a socio-demographic form. Psychometric analyses including construct validity and internal consistency were carried out using R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 91 out of 119 questionnaires completed were valid for analysis. Fifty-seven (62.64%) respondents were female, with an age range of 24 to 69 years (M = 39.33; SD = 11.09). More than half of them were nurses (52.75%, n = 48), and a third were psychiatrists (36.26%, n = 33). A three-factor structure was confirmed and showed the best fit compared to previously proposed models with a cumulative explained variance of 59%. The Portuguese SACS exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full-scale and subscales. The highest mean score was in the pragmatic attitude domain (20.60; SD = 3.37). A negative correlation was observed between the critical attitude domain and both age and years of experience (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A three-factor structure was confirmed and showed the best fit compared to previously proposed models. The Portuguese SACS showed excellent psychometric properties and is acceptable for assessing staff attitudes towards coercion.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00080-7
Chandima Kumara Walpita Gamage, Piyanjali Thamesha De Zoysa, Aindralal Balasuriya, Neil Francis Joseph Fernando
Background: Anxiety, depression, and Type D personality are strongly correlated with the prognosis of IHD and the effectiveness of therapy. The main purpose of this study was to assess the proportions and associations of anxiety, depression, and Type D personality among clinically stable IHD patients (aged 18-60) treated at an outpatient clinic operated by a government hospital in Sri Lanka, who were diagnosed with IHD within the preceding three months.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was analysed using SPSS® version 23.0. The validated Sinhalese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression, while the DS-14 was used to determine Type D personality traits.
Results: Among the 399 patients, 29.8% (n = 119) had anxiety, 24.8% (n = 99) had depression, and 24.6% (n = 24.6) had Type D personality. The level of anxiety had a significant association with depression (p = 0.002) and Type D personality (p = 0.003). Furthermore, depression was significantly associated with ethnicity (p = 0.014), occupation (p = 0.010), and type D personality (p = 0.009). Type D personality was the strongest predictor of anxiety, with patients being 1.902 times more likely to experience anxiety (95% CI 1.149-3.148; p = 0.012). Anxiety was a significant predictor of depression, with patients being 1.997 times more likely to experience depression (95% CI 1.210-3.296; p = 0.007). Non-Sinhalese ethnic background was also a significant predictor of depression (OR: 0.240; 95% CI 0.073-0.785; p = 0.018). Anxiety increased the likelihood of having Type D personality traits by 1.899 times (95% CI 1.148-3.143; p = 0.013).
Conclusion: The current study recommends the importance of screening and treating the psychological risk factors of IHD patients parallel to their IHD treatment to improve their prognosis. These insights highlight the need for targeted interventions that address depression, anxiety and the impact of Type D personality traits in enhancing the overall management and prognosis of IHD.
背景:焦虑、抑郁和 D 型人格与 IHD 的预后和治疗效果密切相关。本研究的主要目的是评估在斯里兰卡一家政府医院门诊接受治疗的临床稳定的 IHD 患者(18-60 岁)中焦虑、抑郁和 D 型人格的比例和相关性:采用横断面研究设计,使用 SPSS® 23.0 版进行分析。采用经过验证的僧伽罗语版医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)测量焦虑和抑郁程度,同时采用 DS-14 测定 D 型人格特质:在 399 名患者中,29.8%(n = 119)患有焦虑症,24.8%(n = 99)患有抑郁症,24.6%(n = 24.6)患有 D 型人格。焦虑程度与抑郁(p = 0.002)和 D 型人格(p = 0.003)有显著关联。此外,抑郁还与种族(p = 0.014)、职业(p = 0.010)和 D 型人格(p = 0.009)有明显关联。D 型人格是焦虑的最强预测因子,患者出现焦虑的可能性是 D 型人格的 1.902 倍(95% CI 1.149-3.148;p = 0.012)。焦虑是抑郁的重要预测因素,患者抑郁的可能性是焦虑的 1.997 倍(95% CI 1.210-3.296;p = 0.007)。非僧伽罗民族背景也是抑郁症的一个重要预测因素(OR:0.240;95% CI 0.073-0.785;p = 0.018)。焦虑使具有 D 型人格特征的可能性增加了 1.899 倍(95% CI 1.148-3.143;p = 0.013):本研究建议,在对心肌缺血患者进行治疗的同时,必须对其心理风险因素进行筛查和治疗,以改善其预后。这些见解突出表明,有必要针对抑郁、焦虑和 D 型人格特质的影响采取有针对性的干预措施,以加强 IHD 的整体管理和预后。
{"title":"Anxiety, depression, and Type D personality in ischaemic heart disease patients receiving treatment from outpatient clinics in a government hospital in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Chandima Kumara Walpita Gamage, Piyanjali Thamesha De Zoysa, Aindralal Balasuriya, Neil Francis Joseph Fernando","doi":"10.1007/s44192-024-00080-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-024-00080-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety, depression, and Type D personality are strongly correlated with the prognosis of IHD and the effectiveness of therapy. The main purpose of this study was to assess the proportions and associations of anxiety, depression, and Type D personality among clinically stable IHD patients (aged 18-60) treated at an outpatient clinic operated by a government hospital in Sri Lanka, who were diagnosed with IHD within the preceding three months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was analysed using SPSS® version 23.0. The validated Sinhalese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression, while the DS-14 was used to determine Type D personality traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 399 patients, 29.8% (n = 119) had anxiety, 24.8% (n = 99) had depression, and 24.6% (n = 24.6) had Type D personality. The level of anxiety had a significant association with depression (p = 0.002) and Type D personality (p = 0.003). Furthermore, depression was significantly associated with ethnicity (p = 0.014), occupation (p = 0.010), and type D personality (p = 0.009). Type D personality was the strongest predictor of anxiety, with patients being 1.902 times more likely to experience anxiety (95% CI 1.149-3.148; p = 0.012). Anxiety was a significant predictor of depression, with patients being 1.997 times more likely to experience depression (95% CI 1.210-3.296; p = 0.007). Non-Sinhalese ethnic background was also a significant predictor of depression (OR: 0.240; 95% CI 0.073-0.785; p = 0.018). Anxiety increased the likelihood of having Type D personality traits by 1.899 times (95% CI 1.148-3.143; p = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study recommends the importance of screening and treating the psychological risk factors of IHD patients parallel to their IHD treatment to improve their prognosis. These insights highlight the need for targeted interventions that address depression, anxiety and the impact of Type D personality traits in enhancing the overall management and prognosis of IHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}