Discover mental health最新文献

Background: Many young people achieve recovery from mental health problems by using strategies to manage emotional distress and enhance well-being. Given that little is known about the functions of these strategies, especially in Latin American countries, this study aims to describe the usefulness of the resources used by youth from deprived urban neighborhoods in Bogotá (Colombia), Buenos Aires (Argentina), and Lima (Perú) in managing emotional distress.

Methods: 112 in-depth interviews about strategies for dealing with emotional distress and their perceived function were conducted with young people from three Latin American cities. The sample included young adults and adolescents in a longitudinal cohort study. A thematic content analysis was carried out.

Results: Participants identify different functions linked to their strategies to cope with emotional distress or increase their well-being. However, "coping with distress," "perceived support," and "distraction" are the three main functions of the strategies used by them in situations of emotional distress. Each of these functions comprises several aspects, some of which overlap between functions, such as motivation, emotional expression, companionship, and regulation.

Conclusion: The variety of functions linked to the strategies used by young people to cope with emotional distress or enhance their well-being could guide the facilitation of a favorable social and interpersonal context through public policies and a community approach that promotes young people's access to strategies to cope with emotional distress.

This is the first case series that demonstrates the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for the treatment of musical obsessions or stuck song syndrome (SSS), following a systematic review that identified existing treatments. SSS can occur independently, but in literature it is commonly reported as an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) symptom. Most people are familiar with earworms, experienced by up to 98% of the western population. Earworms can become severe leading to the SSS diagnosis. SSS is a distressing repetition of involuntary tunes persisting in one's mind. According to literature, SSS has often been treated using antidepressants which are used to treat MDD and OCD. As TMS has shown a positive therapeutic effect for psychiatric disorders particularly MDD and OCD, we hypothesized that TMS could be an effective treatment that reduces symptoms of patients with SSS. We present two cases of TMS treatment contributing to a reduction in symptoms of SSS. We also aim to provide a systematic review of cases where SSS has been described and compare the pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatments used with our novel TMS interventions for SSS. This report highlights some limitations, including patient's psychiatric comorbidities and treatment protocol changes, which affect the findings generalizability. Despite these limitations, TMS appears promising as a treatment for SSS due to the observed effectiveness in reducing SSS symptoms and minimal side effects especially in medication-resistant cases.

Introduction: Perinatal mental disorders are prevalent, affecting 10-20% of pregnant women, and can negatively impact both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Traditional screening tools, such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), present limitations due to subjectivity and time constraints in clinical settings. Recent advances in voice analysis and machine learning have shown potential for providing more objective screening methods. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model that analyzes the voices of pregnant women to screen for mental disorders, thereby offering an alternative to the traditional tools.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 pregnant women, from whom voice samples were collected during their one-month postpartum checkup. The audio data were preprocessed into 5000 ms intervals, converted into mel-spectrograms, and augmented using TrivialAugment and context-rich minority oversampling. The EfficientFormer V2-L model, pretrained on ImageNet, was employed with transfer learning for classification. The hyperparameters were optimized using Optuna, and an ensemble learning approach was used for the final predictions. The model's performance was compared to that of the EPDS in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and other diagnostic metrics.

Results: Of the 172 participants analyzed (149 without mental disorders and 23 with mental disorders), the voice-based model demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.00 and a recall of 0.82, outperforming the EPDS in these areas. However, the EPDS exhibited higher specificity (0.97) and precision (0.84). No significant difference was observed in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between the two methods (p = 0.759).

Discussion: The voice-based model showed higher sensitivity and recall, suggesting that it may be more effective in identifying at-risk individuals than the EPDS. Machine learning and voice analysis are promising objective screening methods for mental disorders during pregnancy, potentially improving early detection.

Conclusion: We developed a lightweight machine learning model to analyze pregnant women's voices for screening various mental disorders, achieving high sensitivity and demonstrating the potential of voice analysis as an effective and objective tool in perinatal mental health care.

This study focuses on filial piety, a fundamental psychological factor in Vietnam and its relationship with religiosity and attitudes toward abortion. Drawing on data from 656 participants, the research employed the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method and identified significant differences in intrinsic religiosity (IR) based on various forms of cohabitation with parents. Furthermore, the findings revealed a positive association between age and religiosity. Higher levels of IR were linked to more conservative attitudes toward abortion (AAS), whereas greater premarital sexual permissiveness (PSP) was associated with more pro-choice views. Filial piety played a mediating role in the relationship between IR and AAS. These insights offer a deeper understanding of how religiosity and filial piety influence abortion attitudes among individuals in Vietnam.

Smoking is highly prevalent and persistent among people with mental illness, but implementation of smoking cessation care by mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) is lagging behind. This study took a broad approach to understanding implementation of stop smoking support (SSS) by MHCPs (N = 220 for main analyses), incorporating background characteristics, psychosocial factors, client factors, and organizational/environmental factors. Variable selection was based on previous work and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Cross-sectional survey data were collected online in the Netherlands from 2021 to 2022, and analyzed using logistic regression and regression tree analyses. Participants were 81 nurses, 74 psychologists, 40 psychiatrists, 12 child psychologists and 13 other MHCPs; aged 42 on average, 24% male, 14% currently smoked and 32% quit smoking. Results show that most MHCPs do not ask about smoking, do not advise or motivate clients to quit smoking, and do not refer clients motivated to quit to SSS. In order to improve this situation, proactive efforts should be undertaken to target MHCPs' perceptions of clients' responsibility and quit success, preferably through strategies that reach MHCPs regardless of their affinity with SSS, taking MHCPs' profession and own smoking status into account.

Background: Loneliness and Social Isolation (SI) has evolved into an epidemic and WHO has alarmed many developed and developing countries that their citizens are going through the epidemic of loneliness and SI. It affects the Mental Health status of a person & leads to morbidities and premature death. Loneliness and SI are overlooked subjects resulting in poor research turnover. This scoping review has explored the extent of literature availability on loneliness and SI in India OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the availability of literature on loneliness and SI in India METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using predetermined search terms in Google Scholar and PubMed, selecting only open-access articles. Selected articles were scrutinized for their quality with the help of STROBE & COREQ checklists before entering into the review RESULTS: A total of 155 articles were screened and after excluding the duplicates129 articles were chosen for the next step to screen for inclusion criteria and finally nine articles were selected for this review. The highest prevalence of loneliness and SI reported was 37.6% and the lowest was 18.3% CONCLUSION: There is a lack of literature on loneliness and such available kinds of literature are done among the geriatric population only. The scientific community should focus on this emerging domain and come out with true prevalence rates among different age groups so that effective strategies can be devised to address this latent yet significant mental health issue in India.

This study aimed to present a complete overview of the trends, difficulties, and improvements in dental treatment for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder through rigorous bibliometric analysis. The dimensional database field was chosen to enable the inclusion and recall of the greatest number of relevant entries. All peer-reviewed international journals published between 2004 and 2023 were included in this study. The sophisticated search keywords' Autistic Disorder" OR "Autism Spectrum Disorder" AND "Dental management" were used. Studies that examined patterns and difficulties in the dental care of children with ASD were included in the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this analysis. Among the listed countries, The United States had the highest number of documents and citations. Barbara Sheller is the most cited author, followed closely by Arthur H.Friedlander, Michael E.Mahler, and John A.Yagiela. This study also revealed that most articles involved multinational collaborations, highlighting the global scope of dental research. The United States leads in terms of research output and citations, followed by India and China. Research on autism spectrum disorder has grown substantially over the past few years, and the authors recommend that future research concentrate on creating effective behavioral techniques that will assist children with autism spectrum disorder in coping with dental treatment.

Background: Using the lived experience as their expertise, peer support specialists (PSS) focus on the empowerment of individuals with mental health conditions. Despite its value, peer support services in Singapore are relatively uncommon. Perspectives from mental health workers may provide insights on targeted strategies to address the organisational changes needed for the continued growth of the lived experience workforce.

Aims: The study aims to explore the attitudes and perceptions of mental health workers regarding the benefits, challenges, and potential strategies in the implementation of peer support services across mental health settings in Singapore.

Methods: A total of 59 responses were gathered for an online survey via convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics were generated for quantitative data, while an inductive thematic analytic method was utilised for qualitative inputs. The coding and refinement of themes were discussed between both authors.

Results: The majority of the respondents were willing to accept PSS as a healthcare profession (72.9%), willing to work with PSS (89.8%) and perceived there should be PSS where they worked (64.4%). Key themes identified highlighted a supportive and inclusive workplace environment, the power of the lived experience, and recovery-oriented contribution as the underlying benefits and potential challenges in implementing PSS in Singapore.

Implications: Policymakers could consider funding initiatives and regulatory standards to support the implementation of PSS across mental health settings in Singapore, while organisations could implement training programmes and supervision targeted at enhancing the practice of recovery-oriented care amongst its staff.

The growing mental health needs and constrained resources in low- and middle-income countries necessitate scalable solutions. Single Session Therapy (SST) is a global trend in brief and cost-effective options for mental health interventions. It involves a single planned session between mental health service provider and client. This study aims to present a protocol to develop and evaluate a culture specific web-based training program to equip mental health support providers with the skills and confidence to deliver SST. The study protocol uses a mixed-methods evaluation design through three phases-need assessment - where psychologists and social workers collaborate to identify training needs and co-create the program; development and expert validation of the web-based training program; and randomized control trial to evaluate the training, followed by in-depth discussions with participants. This study breaks new ground by empirically designing and evaluating a training program for SST. It uniquely co-designs and validates a culturally sensitive SST training program, leveraging the expertise of a renowned international panel. This protocol goes beyond a blueprint for replicating this study, it serves as a foundational guide for nations seeking to implement effective SST training for their mental health professionals, preventing duplication of efforts.

Background: Understanding the prevalence of mental distress in hospitalized patients and identifying associated factors can help reduce the burden of mental disorders on their medical management and improve their quality of life. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of mental distress among hospitalized patients in general hospitals and assess its associated factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the mental health status of inpatients in seven cities in Iran, using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), with a total GHQ-12 score ≥ 4 or higher categorized as "mentally distressed." Statistical analyses were conducted using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and cross-tabulations.

Results: A total of 524 patients (347 females) were assessed, with 208 (38.7%) being classified as mentally distressed. The prevalence of mental distress was significantly higher among males (52.0%) compared to females (34.0%) (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in GHQ-12 scores among different age groups (p > 0.05). Significant differences were observed in mental health status based on job status, with retired (64.7%) and laborer (22.8%) patients showing the highest and lowest rates of mental distress, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, mental distress prevalence varied significantly across hospital wards, with internal medicine (47.6%) and obstetrics and gynecology (28.3%) having the highest and lowest prevalence, respectively (p = 0.004).

Conclusions: A considerable proportion of patients hospitalized for medical reasons also experience mental distress. Various demographic factors are associated with their mental health status. This highlights the need for integrated mental health assessments alongside medical treatment to alleviate the burden of mental disorders.