Discover mental health最新文献

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been linked to reduced cognitive functioning in adulthood. This cross-sectional online study refines this picture by including emotional and physical domains of childhood trauma.

Methods: A total of 262 individuals completed the German version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to operationalize ACE. Sustained attention was measured using the gradual onset Continuous Performance Task (gradCPT). Multivariate linear regressions modeled sustained attention parameters (d', RT, RTCoV, criterion) based on total CTQ score and emotional / physical subscores.

Results: Higher CTQ Total Scores predicted lower discrimination performance (d') and increased reaction time variability (RTCoV). No significant effects were found for the emotional and physical trauma subscores.

Conclusion: These findings suggest lasting, negative ACE effects on sustained attention in adulthood. Additionally, the fully online design proved to be a reliable method for detecting subtle variations in sustained attention.

Background: Depression represents a major global disease burden. While the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is widely used, it relies on subjective self-reporting. Saliva enables non-invasive metabolite analysis, but existing metabolomics studies have focused on clinical depression using blood or urine, with limited investigation of salivary metabolites in community populations. This study investigated associations between CES-D scores and salivary metabolite concentrations in Tokyo residents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study collected CES-D responses and morning saliva samples from Tokyo residents. Salivary metabolites were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) for overall metabolite-CES-D associations, pathway enrichment analysis using fast gene set enrichment analysis (FGSEA), and principal component analysis, adjusted for age and sex.

Results: Analysis included 107 participants (40 males, 67 females; mean age 55.3 ± 14.2 years). PERMANOVA revealed significant association between 112 salivary metabolites and CES-D scores (F = 2.870, p = 0.003), with metabolites explaining 7.7% of depressive symptom variance. Pathway enrichment analysis identified significant alterations in amino acid metabolism (normalized enrichment score =-1.750, q = 0.007). Glycolysis and amine/polyamine metabolism showed trend-level enrichment (both q = 0.066). Principal component analysis revealed significant correlations between CES-D scores and pathway activity for amino acid metabolism (r = 0.216, p = 0.027) and amine/polyamine metabolism (r = 0.216, p = 0.027).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant associations between salivary metabolite profiles and depressive symptoms in a nonclinical community population, with amino acid metabolism emerging as the most robustly altered pathway. These findings provide preliminary evidence for associations between salivary metabolomic profiles and depressive symptoms in a nonclinical community population.

Introduction: In Mexico, 25-45% of medical students experience burnout syndrome, which may be reduced through mindfulness-based interventions (MBI). No study has evaluated this intervention's impact on our country's population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of an eight-week MBI on medical students, professors and administrative staff from the Faculty of Medicine at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico.

Methods: An exploratory pilot quasi-experimental study incorporating pre- and post-tests was implemented with 38 participants. The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program was conducted over 8 weeks to evaluate its efficacy on the evolution on psychological, biological, and neurophysiological parameters. Data was analyzed using either the paired Student's t-test or the Wilcoxon test.

Results: This study recruited 38 participants with a mean age of 28 years, 84% of whom were women. 24% of the cohort were first-year students, and over half attended all sessions. The intervention yielded significant effects on reduction in cortisol levels (p < 0.001) and in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion (EE, p < 0.001) and depersonalization (DP, p = 0.008), and an increase in the sense of personal accomplishment (PA, p < 0.001)-as well as on P300 amplitude (p = 0.032).

Discussion: The findings indicated that mindfulness-based intervention suggests a positive effect on burnout syndrome, cortisol levels, and influences neurophysiological metrics such as the P300 amplitude. Future studies should be conducted in more controlled trials with a larger, more homogeneous sample to ensure the replicability of these data and explore their long-term effects.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between social ties and adolescent mental health outcomes in Kumasi, Ghana.

Methods: A total of 384 adolescents from three peri-urban communities participated in this cross-sectional study. The independent variable, social ties, was examined using the social network index (SNI), whereas the dependent variables, depression, anxiety and stress, were assessed using the DASS-21 scale. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS binary logistic regression, with statistical significance set at a p value < 0.05.

Results: The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 56.3%, 72.9%, and 43.5% respectively. Most adolescents reported having ≥ 3 siblings 240 (62.5%), and spoke to them regularly 162 (44.0%). The majority of adolescents had both parents alive 327 (85.3%), and seven in ten reported speaking to both parents at least once every two weeks 266 (70.0%). Adolescents who resided in Kotei community were less likely to experience depression (aOR = .516; 95%CI = .285-.933) than those residing in Boadi community. Adolescents who did not see or call both parents were more likely to be depressed (aOR = 1.307; 95%CI = .328-5.210) than those who saw or spoke with both parents in the past two weeks. Adolescents who interacted with one to two of their relatives apart from their parents and siblings were four times more likely to be anxious (aOR = 4.538; 95%CI = 1.606-12.824) than those who did not interact with any of their external relatives.

Conclusion: Adolescent mental health is influenced by social ties, with parent support demonstrating protective effects against depression. The government of Ghana must prioritize youth-friendly mental health services to address mental health issues among adolescents in peri-urban communities in Ghana.

Mental health disparities are increasingly shaped by intersecting demographic and socioeconomic conditions. Anchored in the Social Determinants of Health framework, this study investigates variations in mental well-being among adults in Abu Dhabi using data from the 5th Cycle of the Abu Dhabi Quality of Life Survey (2023-2024), which included over 100,000 respondents. Drawing on a subset of 65,203 adults, we analysed key mental health indicators-such as sadness, anxiety, loneliness, fear, difficulty concentrating, and boredom-across population groups using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The findings reveal statistically significant disparities by age, gender, nationality, education level, household head status, and employment sector. Notably, youth aged 15-29 reported the highest emotional stress, while females and non-Emiratis exhibited higher negative mental health indicators compared to their counterparts. Non-heads of households and private-sector employees also displayed elevated distress levels, reflecting structural vulnerabilities in occupational and social roles. These results underscore the multidimensional nature of mental health and the influence of systemic inequalities on psychological well-being. The study offers timely, locally grounded evidence to inform targeted mental health interventions and inclusive policy development in Abu Dhabi's rapidly evolving sociocultural landscape.

Aim: To further explore and discuss the characteristics of exposure to screens in Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Tunisian context.

Methods: This case control study explored the exposure to TV in 150 children with ASD, aged 1 to 4 years old in comparison to a comparable group of 150 typically developing children.

Results: Results showed Significant differences were observed between groups regarding the age of television viewing onset (4 vs. 14 months) and daily viewing duration (7 h vs. <1 h). Children with ASD predominantly viewed television alone, showing preference for repetitive content such as music videos, with viewing occurring throughout the day. Television exposure served as both a child-occupying strategy and a parental soothing technique, and was associated with increased autistic symptomatology.

Conclusion: While acknowledging methodological limitations, this study suggests that the impact of early intensive screen exposure warrants further investigation in ASD populations.