Advanced Powder Materials最新文献_第4页

Tetragonal-pseudocubic phase boundaries and octahedral order-disorder tilting transitions facilitate high piezoelectric performance in Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-based single crystals 在bi1 / 2na1 / 2tio3基单晶中，四方-赝赝相边界和八面体有序-无序倾斜转变有利于提高压电性能

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100355

Jialin Niu , Yongxing Wei , Yanghuan Deng , Changpeng Guan , Changqing Jin , Leiyang Zhang , Ruiyi Jing , Zhong Yang , Zengyun Jian , Zhonghua Dai , Zengzhe Xi , Roman G. Burkovsky , Li Jin

High-performance lead-free piezoelectric single crystals are urgently needed for next-generation actuators and transducers. In this study, we reveal that a compositionally driven tetragonal-pseudocubic (T-PC) phase boundary, in conjunction with an octahedral order–disorder tilting transition, significantly enhances the piezoelectric response in Nb⁵⁺-substitution (Bi_0.48Na_0.425K_0.055Ba_0.04)(Ti_0.98Nb_0.02)O₃ (BNKBT-2Nb) single crystals. The crystal achieves an outstanding piezoelectric coefficient of d₃₃=662 pC/N at room temperature. In situ X-ray diffraction confirms an electric field-induced transition from the PC to T phase. Atomic-resolution HADDF-STEM analysis reveals an increase in the c/a ratio (c/a>1.01) on the local scale and ordered octahedral tilting of the a⁰a⁰c⁺ type driven by the poling field. The single crystals exhibit excellent piezoelectric performance over a broad temperature range, achieving a peak d₃₃ of 920 pC/N at approximately 92 °C. Furthermore, the polar states exhibit a pronounced frequency dependence near the depolarization temperature. These findings provide critical insight into the structure-property relationship and offer a promising pathway for designing advanced lead-free piezoelectric crystals for functional electromechanical applications.

高性能无铅压电单晶是下一代致动器和换能器急需的材料。在这项研究中，我们发现了组成驱动的四方-伪晶（T-PC）相边界，结合八面体有序-无序倾斜转变，显著增强了Nb5+取代（Bi0.48Na0.425K0.055Ba0.04）（Ti0.98Nb0.02）O3 （BNKBT-2Nb）单晶的压电响应。该晶体在室温下具有优异的压电系数d33=662 pC/N。原位x射线衍射证实了电场诱导从PC相到T相的转变。原子分辨率HADDF-STEM分析表明，在轮化场的驱动下，局部尺度的c/a比（c/a>1.01）和有序八面体倾斜增加。单晶在较宽的温度范围内表现出优异的压电性能，在约92℃时达到920 pC/N的峰值d33。此外，极性态在退极化温度附近表现出明显的频率依赖性。这些发现为结构-性能关系提供了重要的见解，并为设计用于功能机电应用的先进无铅压电晶体提供了有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Dual built-in electric field engineering in heterostructure nickel-cobalt bimetallic composites for boosted electromagnetic energy dissipation 异质结构镍钴双金属复合材料增强电磁能量耗散的双内置电场工程

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100344

Jin Liang , Siying Zhu , Dewei Chen , Yinjun Li , Dong Zhou , Nan Meng , Yaozu Liao , Hanxu Sun , Jie Kong

Built-in electric fields (BIEF), engineered via space charge manipulation, represent an effective strategy for enhance electromagnetic loss. However, single BIEF fail to reconcile the impedance matching and strong electromagnetic attenuation across broad frequency spectra, resulting in limited effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). To address this, dual-BIEF are constructed utilizing an asymmetric gradient electric field structure and multi-polarization center coordination to achieve high-efficiency broad EAB. Herein, heterostructure Ni-Co bimetallic nanocomposites (Ni_0.5Co_0.5@NiCoO₂/NCP) are constructed via Ni-Co-based nanocomposites (NiCoO₂ and Ni_0.5Co_0.5) integrated with nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon (NCP). This configuration forms dual heterojunctions the NCP-NiCoO₂-semiconductor heterojunction and the NiCoO₂-Ni_0.5Co_0.5 Mott-Schottky heterojunction—forming the dual-BIEF system. The superposed dual-BIEF drives charge-pumping dynamics facilitating oriented transfer and transition of charges that strengthen interfacial polarization and reduced relaxation times. Theoretical calculations confirm this system simultaneously modulates conductivity, intensifies polarization relaxation, promotes charge separation, and optimizes dipole distribution. Dielectric loss from semiconductor junctions dominates the low-frequency regime, while conductive loss via Mott-Schottky junctions prevails at high frequencies. Thus, the Ni_0.5Co_0.5@NiCoO₂/NCP achieves excellent microwave absorption with a remarkable minimum reflection loss of −51.5 dB, and an EAB of 6.4 GHz at 2.8 mm thickness. This work establishes a dual-BIEF strategy for effectively engineering high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials.

通过空间电荷操纵设计的内置电场（BIEF）是增强电磁损耗的有效策略。然而，单一BIEF不能很好地协调阻抗匹配和较强的电磁衰减，导致有效吸收带宽（EAB）有限。为了解决这一问题，利用不对称梯度电场结构和多极化中心协调构建了双bief，以实现高效的宽EAB。本文通过Ni-Co基纳米复合材料（NiCoO2和Ni0.5Co0.5）与氮掺杂纳米多孔碳（NCP）集成，构建异质结构Ni-Co双金属纳米复合材料（Ni0.5Co0.5@NiCoO2/NCP）。这种结构形成双异质结ncp - nicoo2 -半导体异质结和nicoo2 - ni0.5 - co0.5 Mott-Schottky异质结，形成双bief体系。叠加的双bief驱动电荷抽运动力学，促进电荷定向转移和跃迁，从而增强界面极化并减少弛豫时间。理论计算证实，该系统能同时调节电导率，增强极化弛豫，促进电荷分离，优化偶极子分布。半导体结的介电损耗在低频区占主导地位，而莫特-肖特基结的导电损耗在高频区占主导地位。因此，Ni0.5Co0.5@NiCoO2/NCP实现了出色的微波吸收，最小反射损耗为- 51.5 dB，在2.8 mm厚度下的EAB为6.4 GHz。本工作建立了一种双bief策略，有效地设计高性能电磁波吸收材料。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning assisted quality control in metal additive manufacturing: a review 机器学习辅助金属增材制造质量控制综述

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100342

Zeqi Hu , Changlin Huang , Lechun Xie , Lin Hua , Yujie Yuan , Lai-Chang Zhang

Additive manufacturing (AM) promotes the production of metallic parts with significant design flexibility, yet its use in critical applications is hindered by challenges in ensuring consistent quality and performance. Process variability often leads to defects, insufficient geometric accuracy and inadequate material properties, which are difficult to effectively manage due to limitations of traditional quality control methods in modeling high-dimensional nonlinear relationships and enabling adaptive control. Machine learning (ML) offers a transformative approach to model intricate process-structure-property relationships by leveraging the rich data environment of AM. The study presents a comprehensive examination of ML-driven quality assurance implementations in metallic AM. First, it uniquely examines the innovative exploration of ML in predicting and understanding the fundamental multi-physics fields that influence the quality of a fabricated component, including temperature fields, fluid dynamics and stress/strain evolution. Subsequently, the application of ML in optimizing key quality attributes, including defect detection and mitigation (porosity, cracks, etc.), geometric fidelity enhancement (dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, etc.) and material property tailoring (mechanical strength, fatigue life, corrosion resistance, etc.), are discussed in detail. Finally, the development of ML-driven real-time closed-loop control systems for intelligent quality assurance, the strategies for addressing the data scarcity and cross-scenario transferability in metal AM are discussed. This article provides a novel perspective on the profound potential of ML technology for metal AM quality control applications, highlights the challenges faced during research, and outlines future development directions.

增材制造（AM）促进了具有显著设计灵活性的金属零件的生产，但在确保一致的质量和性能方面的挑战阻碍了其在关键应用中的使用。由于传统的质量控制方法在高维非线性关系建模和自适应控制方面的局限性，工艺变异性往往会导致缺陷、几何精度不足和材料特性不充分，难以有效管理。机器学习（ML）提供了一种变革性的方法，通过利用AM的丰富数据环境来建模复杂的过程-结构-属性关系。该研究提出了一个全面的检查机器学习驱动的质量保证实现在金属增材制造。首先，它独特地研究了机器学习在预测和理解影响制造组件质量的基本多物理场方面的创新探索，包括温度场、流体动力学和应力/应变演化。随后，详细讨论了机器学习在优化关键质量属性中的应用，包括缺陷检测和缓解（气孔、裂纹等）、几何保真度增强（尺寸精度、表面粗糙度等）和材料性能裁剪（机械强度、疲劳寿命、耐腐蚀性等）。最后，讨论了用于智能质量保证的机器学习驱动的实时闭环控制系统的开发，以及解决金属增材制造中数据稀缺性和跨场景可移植性的策略。本文从新的角度阐述了机器学习技术在金属增材制造质量控制应用中的巨大潜力，强调了研究过程中面临的挑战，并概述了未来的发展方向。

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引用次数: 0

Wide-range tuning of trap depths in double perovskite phosphors enabling tunable NIR persistent luminescence 双钙钛矿荧光粉中陷阱深度的宽范围调谐，使可调谐的近红外持续发光

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100343

Rujun Yang , Kunjie Song , Yuantian Zheng , Chenhan Zhan , Yajing Wang , Cunjian Lin , Tianliang Zhou , Yixi Zhuang , Rongjun Xie

Persistent Luminescence (PersL) materials, which use traps to store energy and emit photons over a long period, have found important applications in the fields of optical information storage, security labeling, and biological imaging. The trap depth is a crucial factor determining the performance of these materials; however, achieving the desired trap depth with high precision remains a great challenge. Here, we provide double perovskite phosphors (Cs₂SnCl₆-Cs₂ZrCl₆-Cs₂HfCl₆ series) with highly compatible crystal structures, enabling continuous and precise tuning of trap depth over an ultra-wide range of 0.11–1.25 eV. By incorporating W⁴⁺ as the luminescent centers, these phosphors exhibit outstanding near-infrared (NIR) PersL performance at approximately 900 nm and a lasting emission duration exceeding 10 h. The underlying mechanism of PersL is elucidated, and the wide-range tunability of trap depth is attributed to the universal applicability of band-gap engineering in the entire material system. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practical application of these materials by designing a flexible detector plate for X-ray imaging. The detector plate exhibits a storage time of more than 1 week, a detection limit of 0.83 μGy_air·s⁻¹ in the near-infrared region, and real-time and delay-time imaging resolutions of 14.2 lp·mm⁻¹ and 2.5 lp·mm⁻¹, respectively. These attributes demonstrate strong potential for X-ray luminescence extension imaging.

持久发光（PersL）材料利用陷阱储存能量并长时间发射光子，在光学信息存储、安全标签和生物成像等领域得到了重要应用。陷阱深度是决定这些材料性能的关键因素；然而，实现高精度所需的陷阱深度仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这里，我们提供了具有高度兼容晶体结构的双钙钛矿荧光粉（Cs2SnCl6-Cs2ZrCl6-Cs2HfCl6系列），在0.11-1.25 eV的超宽范围内实现了陷阱深度的连续和精确调谐。通过加入W4+作为发光中心，这些荧光粉在约900 nm处表现出出色的近红外（NIR） PersL性能，持续发射时间超过10小时。阐明了PersL的潜在机制，并将陷阱深度的大范围可调性归因于带隙工程在整个材料系统中的普遍适用性。此外，我们通过设计一个柔性x射线成像探测器板来演示这些材料的实际应用。检测板的存储时间超过1周，近红外区检测限为0.83 μGyair·s−1，实时成像分辨率为14.2 lp·mm−1，延迟成像分辨率为2.5 lp·mm−1。这些特征显示了x射线发光扩展成像的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Elemental synergistic effect for enhancing ablation resistance of Zr1/2Hf1/3Ti1/12Ta1/12C ceramic 提高Zr1/2Hf1/3Ti1/12Ta1/12C陶瓷抗烧蚀性能的元素协同效应

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100340

Weilong Song, Shiyan Chen, Fengminyu Xie, Zhennan Xu, Shijie Bai, Qingbo Wen, Xiang Xiong, ZhaoKe Chen

Formation of multicomponent ceramics is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing the ablation resistance of ultra-high-temperature carbide ceramics (UHTCCs), while the effects of the elements are the foundation. Here, we reported an elemental synergistic effect by investigating the ablation behavior of three components, including Zr_1/2Hf_1/3Ti_1/6C (ZHTi), Zr_1/2Hf_1/3Ta_1/6C (ZHTa), and Zr_1/2Hf_1/3Ti_1/12Ta_1/12C (ZHTT). Results indicate that the Ti-Ta synergistic effect enables ZHTT to exhibit a low recession rate (3.33 μm/s) and linear expansion rate (2.00 μm/s) of its oxide layer, attributable to enhanced self-healing capability and durable protection. During ablation, outward diffusion of Ti can heal the oxide layer, but results in severe consumption of UHTCCs. Although the low-volatility oxide formed by Ta can reduce the loss rate of the matrix, the negligible outward diffusion of Ta leads to the formation of a porous outer oxide layer. The co-addition of Ti and Ta simultaneously provides effective self-healing and low matrix recession, enabling enhanced ablation resistance of ZHTT.

多组分陶瓷的形成是提高超高温碳化物陶瓷抗烧蚀性能最有前途的方法之一，而各元素的作用是其基础。本研究通过研究Zr1/2Hf1/3Ti1/6C （ZHTi）、Zr1/2Hf1/3Ta1/6C （ZHTa）和Zr1/2Hf1/3Ti1/12Ta1/12C （ZHTT）三个组分的烧蚀行为，报道了元素协同效应。结果表明，Ti-Ta的协同作用使ZHTT的氧化层具有较低的衰退速率（3.33 μm/s）和线性膨胀速率（2.00 μm/s），具有较强的自修复能力和持久的保护作用。在烧蚀过程中，Ti向外扩散可以愈合氧化层，但会导致uhtcc的严重消耗。虽然由Ta形成的低挥发性氧化物可以降低基体的损失率，但Ta的向外扩散可以忽略不计，导致形成多孔的外层氧化层。Ti和Ta的共添加同时提供了有效的自修复和低基体衰退，从而增强了ZHTT的抗烧蚀性。

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引用次数: 0

A wearable self-charging power system integrating micro-supercapacitors and triboelectric nanogenerators with MXene-coated fabric as conductive layer 以mxene涂层织物为导电层，集成微型超级电容器和摩擦纳米发电机的可穿戴自充电电源系统

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100341

Jiacheng Fan, Chenfang Lou, Pinghao Cui, Qixun Xia, Libo Wang, Yukai Chang, Aiguo Zhou

Self-charging power systems are required for wearable electronic devices to provide energy supply. However, low charging efficiency, complex preparation process and poor wearability limit its application. Herein, a highly efficient, wearable self-charging power system is reported, which consists of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with fabric coated by MXene paste as conductive layer and micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with graphene films as electrode. The conductive layer of TENG was prepared by dip-spin coating MXene paste on cotton fabric. The electrodes of MSCs were made by mask-assisted vacuum filtration of graphene solution. The TENG conductive layer and MSCs electrodes with electrolyte were encapsulated by two identical silicone rubbers. The silicon rubbers work as triboelectric layer of the TENG as well as the protective layers of the self-charging power system. The cotton fabrics and silicon rubbers provide strength and flexibility for the system. The MXene paste on cotton fabrics provides excellent energy harvesting ability of TENG due to high conductivity and high charge trapping ability. The TENG can harvest the energy of pressing by a palm. After 147 s of continually pressing/releasing cycles, the collected energy can charge 2 series-connected MSCs array to 1.6 V, which can power an electronic watch for 25 s. Compared with similar systems, this self-charging system was constructed by a simple method from low cost starting materials and exhibits ultra-high performance. The research provides an easy and economical solution of self-charge system for wearable electronic devices.

可穿戴电子设备需要自充电电源系统来提供能量供应。但充电效率低、制备工艺复杂、耐磨性差等缺点限制了其应用。本文报道了一种高效、可穿戴的自充电电源系统，该系统由涂有MXene浆料的织物作为导电层的摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）和以石墨烯薄膜作为电极的微型超级电容器（MSCs）组成。采用浸纺法在棉织物上涂布MXene浆料，制备了导电层。采用掩膜辅助真空过滤石墨烯溶液制备MSCs电极。TENG导电层和带电解质的MSCs电极由两种相同的硅橡胶封装。硅橡胶作为TENG的摩擦电层和自充电电力系统的保护层。棉织物和硅橡胶为系统提供了强度和灵活性。棉织物上的MXene浆料具有高导电性和高电荷捕获能力，提供了优异的TENG能量收集能力。TENG可以收集手掌按压的能量。在147秒的连续按压/释放循环后，收集的能量可以为2个串联的MSCs阵列充电至1.6 V，为电子表供电25秒。与同类系统相比，该自充电系统采用简单的方法构建，原料成本低，具有超高的性能。该研究为可穿戴电子设备的自充电系统提供了一种简单、经济的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking the non-covalent electrostatic engineering of photocatalysts: From molecular interactions to multifield tuning strategies toward enhanced charge dynamics 解开光催化剂的非共价静电工程：从分子相互作用到多场调谐策略，以增强电荷动力学

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100338

Rohit Kumar , Monika Malhotra , Anita Sudhaik , Pankaj Raizada , Xuan-Cuong Luu , Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan , Sourbh Thakur , Tansir Ahamad , Van-Huy Nguyen , Pardeep Singh

Photocatalysis is one of the most capable green energy techniques for sustainable solar-to-chemical energy conversion. However, the speedy recombination of photocarriers remains a critical bottleneck in achieving high photocatalytic efficiency. Recent advancements have underscored the pivotal role of internal and external electrostatic fields in regulating charge dynamics within semiconductor systems. This review highlights the emerging strategy of employing non-covalent electrostatic interactions to modulate photocatalytic behavior. Internally, spontaneous polarization within polar or ferroelectric semiconductors facilitates efficient charge separation through built-in electric fields. Externally applied mechanical stress and magnetic fields further augment these effects via piezoelectric and magnetoelectric phenomena, offering dynamic control over carrier transport. Beyond macroscopic fields, subtle non-covalent electrostatic forces, such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and π-π stacking, significantly influence surface adsorption, electronic structure modulation, and interfacial charge transfer processes. Combining these external influences with semiconductor properties, we can develop innovative strategies to stabilize the reactive intermediates and reduce the recombination pathways, improving the practical implications of these synergistic effects in energy conversion and environmental remediation. This review systematically elucidates the mechanistic contributions of internal polarization and external fields to the modulation of non-covalent electrostatic forces in photocatalytic systems. Emphasis is placed on material design strategies that integrate structural polarity, field-responsive behavior, and interfacial engineering to achieve superior photocatalytic performance. Finally, the prospects of non-covalent electrostatic interactions in photocatalysis are discussed, providing insights to guide the rational development of more efficient and sustainable photocatalytic systems.

光催化是实现太阳能-化学能源可持续转化的最具潜力的绿色能源技术之一。然而，光载体的快速重组仍然是实现高光催化效率的关键瓶颈。最近的进展强调了内部和外部静电场在半导体系统中调节电荷动力学中的关键作用。本文综述了采用非共价静电相互作用来调节光催化行为的新策略。在内部，极性或铁电半导体内部的自发极化通过内置电场促进有效的电荷分离。外部施加的机械应力和磁场通过压电和磁电现象进一步增强了这些效应，提供了对载流子输运的动态控制。在宏观场之外，微妙的非共价静电力，如氢键、范德华力和π-π堆积，显著影响表面吸附、电子结构调制和界面电荷转移过程。将这些外部影响与半导体特性结合起来，我们可以制定创新的策略来稳定反应中间体并减少重组途径，从而提高这些协同效应在能量转换和环境修复中的实际意义。本文系统地阐述了内极化和外场对光催化体系中非共价静电力调制的机制贡献。重点放在整合结构极性、场响应行为和界面工程的材料设计策略上，以实现卓越的光催化性能。最后，讨论了非共价静电相互作用在光催化中的应用前景，为合理开发更高效、可持续的光催化体系提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Discovery of a liquid crystal phase of sodium halides via a nonclassical nucleation pathway 通过非经典成核途径发现卤化钠的液晶相

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100336

Jaehyeong Bae , Bong Lim Suh , Hamin Shin , Jihan Kim , Il-Doo Kim

The crystallization of ionic crystals has traditionally been explained by Gibbs's classical nucleation theory. However, recent observations of intermediate phases during nucleation suggest that the process may be more complex, necessitating new theoretical frameworks, though key empirical evidence remains elusive. In this study, we used microdroplets to investigate the crystallization of sodium halides (NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) under homogeneous nucleation conditions across a wide range of supersaturations. In the evaporating droplet, NaCl follows the classical nucleation pathway, whereas NaBr and NaI exhibit the formation of an intermediate phase prior to the nucleation of anhydrous and hydrous single crystals, respectively. Optical and computational analyses indicate that these intermediate phases are liquid crystal phases composed of contact ion pairs. These findings establish a new theoretical framework for crystal nucleation and growth and offer methods to control nucleation pathways, enabling us to achieve desired crystals regardless of specific conditions.

离子晶体的结晶传统上是用经典的吉布斯成核理论来解释的。然而，最近对成核过程中中间相的观察表明，这一过程可能更复杂，需要新的理论框架，尽管关键的经验证据仍然难以捉摸。在这项研究中，我们使用微液滴研究了卤化钠（NaCl， NaBr和NaI）在广泛过饱和的均匀成核条件下的结晶。在蒸发液滴中，NaCl遵循经典的成核途径，而NaBr和NaI则分别在无水单晶和有水单晶成核之前形成中间相。光学和计算分析表明，这些中间相是由接触离子对组成的液晶相。这些发现为晶体成核和生长建立了新的理论框架，并提供了控制成核途径的方法，使我们能够在特定条件下获得所需的晶体。

引用次数: 0

Tellurium-based potassium-ion batteries: design strategies, challenges, and prospects for emerging electrode materials 碲基钾离子电池：设计策略、挑战和新兴电极材料的前景

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100337

Jiaqi Wei , Zhiwang Liu , Hongyan Li

Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their higher power density, low operating voltage, wide temperature range adaptability, and cost effectiveness. Nevertheless, the practical application of PIBs remains hindered by several critical challenges, including limited specific capacity, poor cycling stability, and severe volume expansion of electrode materials. Among various candidate electrode materials, tellurium-based materials exhibit significant application potential in PIBs owing to their outstanding electronic conductivity, high theoretical specific capacity, and unique structural characteristics. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on elemental tellurium, telluride, tellurium compounds, and tellurium-doped materials in the context of PIBs electrode. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance, potassium storage mechanisms, and structural evolution processes of these materials are comprehensively analyzed. In particular, modulation strategies including morphology control, composite structures, and defect engineering have been shown to be effective in enhancing the cycling durability, rate capability and K⁺ diffusion rate of tellurium-based electrode materials. Eventually, the key issues and technical bottlenecks currently faced by tellurium-based materials in PIBs are discussed, and future development directions along with potential engineering applications are envisioned. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and guidance for the development of high performance PIBs electrode materials.

钾离子电池（PIBs）因其高功率密度、低工作电压、宽温度范围适应性和高性价比而受到广泛关注。然而，PIBs的实际应用仍然受到几个关键挑战的阻碍，包括有限的比容量、较差的循环稳定性和电极材料严重的体积膨胀。在众多候选电极材料中，碲基材料以其优异的电子导电性、较高的理论比容量和独特的结构特点，在PIBs中具有重要的应用潜力。本文系统地综述了近年来碲元素、碲化物、碲化合物和碲掺杂材料在PIBs电极中的研究进展。并对这些材料的电化学性能、储钾机理和结构演变过程进行了综合分析。特别是，包括形貌控制、复合结构和缺陷工程在内的调制策略已被证明在提高碲基电极材料的循环耐久性、速率能力和K+扩散速率方面是有效的。最后讨论了碲基材料在PIBs中目前面临的关键问题和技术瓶颈，并展望了未来的发展方向和潜在的工程应用前景。本文综述旨在为高性能PIBs电极材料的开发提供理论基础和指导。

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引用次数: 0

Scalable synthesis of high-purity Ti4N3Tx MXene via saturated salt solution (S3) etching 饱和盐溶液（S3）蚀刻法合成高纯Ti4N3Tx MXene

Advanced Powder Materials

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100334

Yujin Chae , Shi-Hyun Seok , Yeoseon Sim , Ju-Hyoung Han , Jaeeun Park , Younggeun Jang , Mincheal Kim , Young Ho Jin , EunMi Choi , Zonghoon Lee , Soon-Yong Kwon

Two-dimensional (2D) nitride MXenes are predicted to exhibit exceptional metallic properties and high polarity; however, their synthesis remains challenging. Research has relied on traditional molten salt etching, highlighting the need for a scalable, high-purity approach. Here, we present the first solution-based synthesis of Ti₄N₃T_x MXene via a novel saturated salt solution (S³) etching technique employing alkali metal salts. By optimizing the sintering process for high-purity Ti₄AlN₃ MAX and refining the S³ etching route, we significantly reduced the etch pit density to 1.2×10⁶ cm⁻² and lowered the etch pit formation rate to 4 %, yielding high-quality, phase-pure Ti₄N₃T_x MXene. Our study highlights the critical role of alkali metal ions in selective A-layer removal and demonstrates the impressive electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of 2D nitride MXene, setting a new benchmark for this underexplored material. These findings pave the way for advancing 2D nitride MXenes and their diverse applications.

二维（2D）氮化物MXenes被预测具有特殊的金属性能和高极性；然而，它们的合成仍然具有挑战性。研究依赖于传统的熔盐蚀刻，强调需要一个可扩展的，高纯度的方法。在这里，我们提出了第一个基于溶液的合成Ti4N3Tx MXene的方法，采用一种新的饱和盐溶液（S3）蚀刻技术，采用碱金属盐。通过优化高纯度ti4aln3max的烧结工艺和改进S3蚀刻路线，我们将蚀刻坑密度显著降低到1.2×106 cm−2，将蚀刻坑形成率降低到4%，从而获得高质量的相纯Ti4N3Tx MXene。我们的研究强调了碱金属离子在选择性去除a层中的关键作用，并展示了二维氮化物MXene令人印象深刻的导电性和电磁干扰屏蔽性能，为这种未被开发的材料设定了新的基准。这些发现为推进二维氮化物MXenes及其各种应用铺平了道路。

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