In alignment with the Paris Agreement's objectives and the global commitment to limit global warming to +2 °C, France is committed to achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2050. To pave the way towards this ambitious goal, France has drawn up a roadmap known as the National Low-Carbon Strategy (NLCS). This paper aims to assess the macroeconomic impacts of the NLCS scenario. We use a Computable General Equilibrium model to assess the economic impacts of an energy transition scenario aiming for Carbon Neutrality in France by 2050. Our simulations show that climate change policies to reach carbon neutrality, including carbon taxation with full redistribution, could lead to an economic dividend. We find an increase in investments and jobs creations in green industries that are much higher than job destruction in fossil fuel intensive industries and energy sectors. Despite higher prices, demand increases, and GDP is higher than in the reference scenario. Ultimately, the energy transition induces a 3.4 % increase in GDP and a 2.8 % increase in employment compared to the baseline scenario in 2050.
{"title":"Macroeconomic effects of achieving Carbon Neutrality in France","authors":"Gaël Callonnec , Hervé Gouëdard , Meriem Hamdi-Cherif , Gissela Landa , Paul Malliet , Frédéric Reynès , Aurélien Saussay","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In alignment with the Paris Agreement's objectives and the global commitment to limit global warming to +2 °C, France is committed to achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2050. To pave the way towards this ambitious goal, France has drawn up a roadmap known as the National Low-Carbon Strategy (NLCS). This paper aims to assess the macroeconomic impacts of the NLCS scenario. We use a Computable General Equilibrium model to assess the economic impacts of an energy transition scenario aiming for Carbon Neutrality in France by 2050. Our simulations show that climate change policies to reach carbon neutrality, including carbon taxation with full redistribution, could lead to an economic dividend. We find an increase in investments and jobs creations in green industries that are much higher than job destruction in fossil fuel intensive industries and energy sectors. Despite higher prices, demand increases, and GDP is higher than in the reference scenario. Ultimately, the energy transition induces a 3.4 % increase in GDP and a 2.8 % increase in employment compared to the baseline scenario in 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100188
Udayan Singh , Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan , Amit Garg , Ajay K. Singh , Srinath Haran Iyer
Strategizing development-led energy transitions for India would need considerable stakeholder inputs for improved decision-making. While modeling exercises have largely been used for research and policymaking, an increasing need is felt to validate underlying assumptions and model findings based on views of important stakeholders. Particularly, for the coal sector, these stakeholders are present throughout the value chain: mining, end-use (power and industry), regulatory agencies, transport and advocacy. This paper summarizes the key findings of our interviews with n = 21 stakeholders across these sectors focusing on evolving coal use, underlying technologies and socio-technical features of this transition. Based on this exercise, interviewed experts largely believe that coal use would continue for the next two decades in the interest of energy security and energy affordability to the consumer. At the same time, they also acknowledged the reduced costs of solar, which makes it a key player in the analysis. We also notice an improved perception of carbon management technologies. Particularly, CO2 utilization to produce methanol and urea are seen as potential winners as these approaches could facilitate lower imports of petroleum and natural gas products. Geologic CO2 storage is still somewhat impeded by technical limitations and lack of global exemplars. Other approaches such as recovery of methane from gassy coal mines and biomass co-firing are seen as important but limited in potential. Most stakeholders also pointed to the need for averting job losses in the coal value-chain, which may not necessarily be made up by renewables.
{"title":"Socio-technical feasibility of coal transitions in India: Results from stakeholder interviews","authors":"Udayan Singh , Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan , Amit Garg , Ajay K. Singh , Srinath Haran Iyer","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strategizing development-led energy transitions for India would need considerable stakeholder inputs for improved decision-making. While modeling exercises have largely been used for research and policymaking, an increasing need is felt to validate underlying assumptions and model findings based on views of important stakeholders. Particularly, for the coal sector, these stakeholders are present throughout the value chain: mining, end-use (power and industry), regulatory agencies, transport and advocacy. This paper summarizes the key findings of our interviews with <em>n</em> = 21 stakeholders across these sectors focusing on evolving coal use, underlying technologies and socio-technical features of this transition. Based on this exercise, interviewed experts largely believe that coal use would continue for the next two decades in the interest of energy security and energy affordability to the consumer. At the same time, they also acknowledged the reduced costs of solar, which makes it a key player in the analysis. We also notice an improved perception of carbon management technologies. Particularly, CO<sub>2</sub> utilization to produce methanol and urea are seen as potential winners as these approaches could facilitate lower imports of petroleum and natural gas products. Geologic CO<sub>2</sub> storage is still somewhat impeded by technical limitations and lack of global exemplars. Other approaches such as recovery of methane from gassy coal mines and biomass co-firing are seen as important but limited in potential. Most stakeholders also pointed to the need for averting job losses in the coal value-chain, which may not necessarily be made up by renewables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon pricing is a core pillar in the policy mix required for the transition to carbon neutrality. Carbon pricing raises energy prices and related service costs, but distributes the burden unequally among the population, which though can be mitigated by accompanying compensation schemes. For the example of the Austrian Province of Styria, we analyze the impacts of national carbon pricing for heating and motor fuels. Using the Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) demand system and applying different definitions of fuel poverty, we compare how five compensation schemes mitigate impacts on fuel poor households. Uncompensated carbon pricing has nearly twice the negative welfare impacts on fuel poor households than on the average Styrian household, in particular if they live in rural regions and if the fuel poverty definition includes transport expenditures. All analyzed compensation schemes achieve similar carbon emission reductions as uncompensated carbon pricing, but additionally reduce inequality and increase overall welfare. In particular, they increase welfare among poor households and dampen the negative welfare impacts of uncompensated carbon pricing on the wealthiest. Accounting for low income in fuel poverty definitions and compensation schemes yields the highest welfare benefits. Price changes in motor fuels are the dominant impact channel, emphasizing the importance of considering transport in the debate on vulnerability to carbon pricing.
{"title":"Welfare and inequality impacts of carbon pricing and compensation schemes on fuel poor households in Styria, Austria","authors":"Veronika Kulmer , Dominik Kortschak , Judith Köberl , Sebastian Seebauer","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon pricing is a core pillar in the policy mix required for the transition to carbon neutrality. Carbon pricing raises energy prices and related service costs, but distributes the burden unequally among the population, which though can be mitigated by accompanying compensation schemes. For the example of the Austrian Province of Styria, we analyze the impacts of national carbon pricing for heating and motor fuels. Using the Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) demand system and applying different definitions of fuel poverty, we compare how five compensation schemes mitigate impacts on fuel poor households. Uncompensated carbon pricing has nearly twice the negative welfare impacts on fuel poor households than on the average Styrian household, in particular if they live in rural regions and if the fuel poverty definition includes transport expenditures. All analyzed compensation schemes achieve similar carbon emission reductions as uncompensated carbon pricing, but additionally reduce inequality and increase overall welfare. In particular, they increase welfare among poor households and dampen the negative welfare impacts of uncompensated carbon pricing on the wealthiest. Accounting for low income in fuel poverty definitions and compensation schemes yields the highest welfare benefits. Price changes in motor fuels are the dominant impact channel, emphasizing the importance of considering transport in the debate on vulnerability to carbon pricing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100186
Aldy Darwili, Servaas Storm , Enno Schröder
We combine the Environmentally-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output (EE MRIO) analysis with a microsimulation analysis to estimate the distributional implications of carbon policy reform, a combination of carbon tax and revenue recycling initiatives, on households in Indonesia. We consider two relevant scenarios: an “economy-wide” carbon tax versus an “electricity-only” carbon tax. The impact of carbon policy reform is measured by the net impact of carbon tax and cash transfer relative to initial expenditure. Carbon policy reform in Indonesia tends to be progressive, meaning the relative net impact on households decreases as income increases. Carbon tax in Indonesia primarily affects households through the price increase in electricity and fuel products. The distributional impacts of a carbon policy reform are determined more by the percentage of tax revenue recycled and taxation scenario and less by the tax rate. In order to protect the poorest 40 % of Indonesian households from inflationary pressure, the Indonesian government needs to recycle 25 % of tax revenue.
{"title":"Distributional implications of carbon taxation policy in Indonesia","authors":"Aldy Darwili, Servaas Storm , Enno Schröder","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We combine the Environmentally-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output (EE MRIO) analysis with a microsimulation analysis to estimate the distributional implications of carbon policy reform, a combination of carbon tax and revenue recycling initiatives, on households in Indonesia. We consider two relevant scenarios: an “economy-wide” carbon tax versus an “electricity-only” carbon tax. The impact of carbon policy reform is measured by the net impact of carbon tax and cash transfer relative to initial expenditure. Carbon policy reform in Indonesia tends to be progressive, meaning the relative net impact on households decreases as income increases. Carbon tax in Indonesia primarily affects households through the price increase in electricity and fuel products. The distributional impacts of a carbon policy reform are determined more by the percentage of tax revenue recycled and taxation scenario and less by the tax rate. In order to protect the poorest 40 % of Indonesian households from inflationary pressure, the Indonesian government needs to recycle 25 % of tax revenue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100178
Julia Paletta, Bruno SL Cunha, Rebecca Draeger, Roberto Schaeffer, Alexandre Szklo
Due to the strict remaining carbon budgets, the need to raise the ambition to phase out oil and gas (O&G) production can lead to the cessation of exploration and production (E&P) projects that might become stranded. This study discusses the definition of stranded assets and its misleading interpretations regarding asset compensation. The compensation here pertains to a situation in which O&G upstream activities (exploration, development, or extraction) are stopped without pre-existing provisions for that in contracts. Speculatively speaking, this halt could be justified by the imperative to decarbonize the economy. Compensation methodologies based on valuation approaches and applied to owners of E&P rights are discussed. Findings show that resources and reserves cannot be mandatorily considered assets, as per the accounting definition. Hence, naming them stranded assets could pose a “bias threat” in the selection of a valuation model in the event of compensation. There is a wide gap difference between discounted cash flow (DCF) and asset-based valuation models to compensate for O&G phase-out. The DCF approach leads to values of such magnitude that could challenge State's capacity to promote environmental regulatory changes while asset-based compensation amounts are straighter forward and make O&G phase-out more feasible especially if cancelled at early or later stages.
{"title":"Stranded assets and compensation in oil and gas upstream projects: Conceptual and practical issues","authors":"Julia Paletta, Bruno SL Cunha, Rebecca Draeger, Roberto Schaeffer, Alexandre Szklo","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the strict remaining carbon budgets, the need to raise the ambition to phase out oil and gas (O&G) production can lead to the cessation of exploration and production (E&P) projects that might become stranded. This study discusses the definition of stranded assets and its misleading interpretations regarding asset compensation. The compensation here pertains to a situation in which O&G upstream activities (exploration, development, or extraction) are stopped without pre-existing provisions for that in contracts. Speculatively speaking, this halt could be justified by the imperative to decarbonize the economy. Compensation methodologies based on valuation approaches and applied to owners of E&P rights are discussed. Findings show that resources and reserves cannot be mandatorily considered assets, as per the accounting definition. Hence, naming them stranded assets could pose a “bias threat” in the selection of a valuation model in the event of compensation. There is a wide gap difference between discounted cash flow (DCF) and asset-based valuation models to compensate for O&G phase-out. The DCF approach leads to values of such magnitude that could challenge State's capacity to promote environmental regulatory changes while asset-based compensation amounts are straighter forward and make O&G phase-out more feasible especially if cancelled at early or later stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143207499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100183
Mei-Fang Fan , Alice Siu
Deliberative democracy researchers argue that democratic deliberation is the key to addressing problems posed by polarisation and post-truth politics. Decarbonisation toward net zero has become a key topic of public deliberation worldwide in the face of our climate emergency. This article explores generational differences in the effects of deliberation on changes in attitudes toward policies. The empirical analysis conducted in the present study was based on a nationwide online deliberation polling experiment in which a random sample of 91 citizens was gathered in July 2022 to deliberate on Taiwan's pathway to net-zero emissions with consideration of social divisions and barriers to the implementation of long-term energy policies. The findings revealed that deliberation resulted in significant increases in the feasibility of the 2050 Net-Zero Pathway and the support of citizens for several policy proposals, such as the target of 60–70 % renewable energy in the energy mix. The effects of deliberation on changes in attitudes toward certain policy proposals between two generations (aged <40 years and >41 years) varied significantly. The results showed five ways of generational policy attitude change. These findings suggest that public deliberation promotes knowledge expansion, collective learning, and reflection on Taiwan's Net-Zero Pathway plan.
{"title":"The effects of public deliberation on attitude change toward net-zero pathway: Generational differences in Taiwan","authors":"Mei-Fang Fan , Alice Siu","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deliberative democracy researchers argue that democratic deliberation is the key to addressing problems posed by polarisation and post-truth politics. Decarbonisation toward net zero has become a key topic of public deliberation worldwide in the face of our climate emergency. This article explores generational differences in the effects of deliberation on changes in attitudes toward policies. The empirical analysis conducted in the present study was based on a nationwide online deliberation polling experiment in which a random sample of 91 citizens was gathered in July 2022 to deliberate on Taiwan's pathway to net-zero emissions with consideration of social divisions and barriers to the implementation of long-term energy policies. The findings revealed that deliberation resulted in significant increases in the feasibility of the 2050 Net-Zero Pathway and the support of citizens for several policy proposals, such as the target of 60–70 % renewable energy in the energy mix. The effects of deliberation on changes in attitudes toward certain policy proposals between two generations (aged <40 years and >41 years) varied significantly. The results showed five ways of generational policy attitude change. These findings suggest that public deliberation promotes knowledge expansion, collective learning, and reflection on Taiwan's Net-Zero Pathway plan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100195
Oleksandr Diachuk , Nazar Kholod , Roman Podolets , Neal Graham , Andrii Semeniuk , Meredydd Evans , Michael I. Westphal , Tanner Stelmach , Rachel Hoesly , Galyna Trypolska , Anastasiia Zagoruichyk
The paper focuses on Ukraine’s intention to achieve a two-thirds reduction in buildings’ energy consumption for heating and cooling by 2050, concurrently aiming for net zero greenhouse gas emissions and heightened energy security. The study examines the outcomes of retrofitting existing residential, commercial, and public buildings with highly efficient materials, improving construction standards, and transitioning to advanced heating systems. However, Russia’s invasion in 2022 inflicted substantial damage, prompting a shift from retrofit and decarbonization to reconstruction. The Ukrainian government’s Reconstruction Plan emphasizes clean, sustainable, and resilient energy systems. The study employs energy system and integrated assessment models (TIMES-Ukraine and GCAM-Ukraine) to explore scenarios taking into consideration the war, reconstruction, and a net zero CO2 pathway. Using two models allowed the inter-model comparison. The analysis addresses vital questions on energy resiliency measures and the compounding effects of decarbonization. Findings indicate that Ukraine’s energy goals can be met through strategic retrofitting and economy-wide decarbonization, emphasizing the importance of low-carbon alternatives like district heating with renewable sources. Electrification with renewables and fuel-switching emerges as crucial for achieving building decarbonization. The study offers valuable insights into navigating energy challenges amidst the war and outlines a pathway for Ukraine’s sustainable energy future.
{"title":"Pathways for decarbonization of the buildings sector in Ukraine","authors":"Oleksandr Diachuk , Nazar Kholod , Roman Podolets , Neal Graham , Andrii Semeniuk , Meredydd Evans , Michael I. Westphal , Tanner Stelmach , Rachel Hoesly , Galyna Trypolska , Anastasiia Zagoruichyk","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper focuses on Ukraine’s intention to achieve a two-thirds reduction in buildings’ energy consumption for heating and cooling by 2050, concurrently aiming for net zero greenhouse gas emissions and heightened energy security. The study examines the outcomes of retrofitting existing residential, commercial, and public buildings with highly efficient materials, improving construction standards, and transitioning to advanced heating systems. However, Russia’s invasion in 2022 inflicted substantial damage, prompting a shift from retrofit and decarbonization to reconstruction. The Ukrainian government’s Reconstruction Plan emphasizes clean, sustainable, and resilient energy systems. The study employs energy system and integrated assessment models (TIMES-Ukraine and GCAM-Ukraine) to explore scenarios taking into consideration the war, reconstruction, and a net zero CO<sub>2</sub> pathway. Using two models allowed the inter-model comparison. The analysis addresses vital questions on energy resiliency measures and the compounding effects of decarbonization. Findings indicate that Ukraine’s energy goals can be met through strategic retrofitting and economy-wide decarbonization, emphasizing the importance of low-carbon alternatives like district heating with renewable sources. Electrification with renewables and fuel-switching emerges as crucial for achieving building decarbonization. The study offers valuable insights into navigating energy challenges amidst the war and outlines a pathway for Ukraine’s sustainable energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100217
John Pickering , Mahika Hari , Genevieve Kieseker , Marissa Jordan , Elke Weber , Chris Greig , Echo D. Cartwright , Elizabeth Smith , Sheila Webb-Halpern , Toneya McIntosh
Climate change necessitates an urgent transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energy, yet widespread public support for a shift in energy systems does not guarantee local acceptance of renewable energy developments and projects. This article explores the complexities inherent in community opposition to local renewable energy developments and shares strategies to enhance community understanding and involvement in decision-making. We adopt a behavioral science approach that integrates both individual and group-level insights to complement and build on frameworks in political economy, facilitation, and community organizing to empower communities to make informed, self-determined choices through more inclusive, participatory processes. The insights presented in this article derive from and distill the authors’ experiences and observations as applied behavioral scientists, practitioners, and researchers working at the intersection of energy transition and community acceptance. We first outline five key barriers that underlie community opposition and then propose a four-step solution to build capacity within communities to make effective decisions around renewable energy developments. We discuss actions that policymakers and practitioners can take to promote effective engagement with communities – and, in particular, economic and resource disadvantaged communities – to ensure that the benefits of renewable energy are equitably shared, and that no community is left behind in the transition to a sustainable energy future.
{"title":"Building trust in the energy transition: an approach based on behavioral science","authors":"John Pickering , Mahika Hari , Genevieve Kieseker , Marissa Jordan , Elke Weber , Chris Greig , Echo D. Cartwright , Elizabeth Smith , Sheila Webb-Halpern , Toneya McIntosh","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change necessitates an urgent transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energy, yet widespread public support for a shift in energy systems does not guarantee local acceptance of renewable energy developments and projects. This article explores the complexities inherent in community opposition to local renewable energy developments and shares strategies to enhance community understanding and involvement in decision-making. We adopt a behavioral science approach that integrates both individual and group-level insights to complement and build on frameworks in political economy, facilitation, and community organizing to empower communities to make informed, self-determined choices through more inclusive, participatory processes. The insights presented in this article derive from and distill the authors’ experiences and observations as applied behavioral scientists, practitioners, and researchers working at the intersection of energy transition and community acceptance. We first outline five key barriers that underlie community opposition and then propose a four-step solution to build capacity within communities to make effective decisions around renewable energy developments. We discuss actions that policymakers and practitioners can take to promote effective engagement with communities – and, in particular, economic and resource disadvantaged communities – to ensure that the benefits of renewable energy are equitably shared, and that no community is left behind in the transition to a sustainable energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100206
Uttara Das, Champa Nandi
With rising concerns over climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, wind power has gained attention as a clean energy source. However, Wind Power Plants (WPPs) generate emissions throughout their life cycle, from raw material extraction to decommissioning. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a key tool for evaluating these environmental impacts. This paper reviews LCA studies of onshore and offshore WPPs, focusing on global warming potential (GWP) and energy payback time (EPBT) to assess their sustainability. Findings reveal that offshore WPPs generally exhibit higher GHG emissions due to complex installation and transportation but benefit from shorter EPBT due to higher wind speeds. Conversely, onshore WPPs have lower upfront emissions but experience longer EPBT due to variable wind conditions. The manufacturing and transportation phases contribute the highest emissions. Recycling and material optimization can reduce environmental impact by up to 30 %. Identified research gaps include data accuracy issues, limited offshore LCA studies, and lack of component-specific analyses. This study provides a pathway for optimizing wind power sustainability, emphasizing material efficiency, logistics improvements, and policy advancements.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of wind farm: A review on current status and future knowledge","authors":"Uttara Das, Champa Nandi","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rising concerns over climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, wind power has gained attention as a clean energy source. However, Wind Power Plants (WPPs) generate emissions throughout their life cycle, from raw material extraction to decommissioning. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a key tool for evaluating these environmental impacts. This paper reviews LCA studies of onshore and offshore WPPs, focusing on global warming potential (GWP) and energy payback time (EPBT) to assess their sustainability. Findings reveal that offshore WPPs generally exhibit higher GHG emissions due to complex installation and transportation but benefit from shorter EPBT due to higher wind speeds. Conversely, onshore WPPs have lower upfront emissions but experience longer EPBT due to variable wind conditions. The manufacturing and transportation phases contribute the highest emissions. Recycling and material optimization can reduce environmental impact by up to 30 %. Identified research gaps include data accuracy issues, limited offshore LCA studies, and lack of component-specific analyses. This study provides a pathway for optimizing wind power sustainability, emphasizing material efficiency, logistics improvements, and policy advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100173
Clemens Schneider , Max Åhman , Stefan Lechtenböhmer , Mathieu Saurat
Today's petrochemical industry relies on fossil hydrocarbons, not only for energy purposes but also as feedstock. This use of fossil materials is being challenged by the European Union's target to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The most affected region in Europe is the cross-border region between Antwerp, Rotterdam and the Rhine-Ruhr area in western Germany, an interconnected petrochemical meta-cluster. Although several defossilisation scenarios for petrochemicals have been developed both at the EU level and for single countries, the effect that an EU-wide transition from fossil to non-fossil feedstock would have on technology routes, feedstock alternatives and final product shares, as well as the resulting locational and geographical consequences are not yet understood. To fill this gap, the paper presents a scenario where the European petrochemical industry transitions away from fossil by 2050 and analyses how the energy supply and the defossilisation of carbon supply will change this industry. With this scenario as a backdrop, a zoom-in shows how the Antwerp-Rotterdam-Rhine-Ruhr Area might evolve technically and spatially. To this end, a techno-economic bottom-up model is employed that derives cost-optimal pathways towards defossilised petrochemical production networks. The analysis shows that a scenario for petrochemicals that achieves full non-fossil feedstock use in the EU by 2050 is very likely to be associated with a significant change not only in the feedstock base but also in the production technologies. The meta-cluster will face major challenges as its current strength in specialty polymers might suffer from cost increases for aromatics and the high energy intensity of the respective polymerisation steps. This requires specific strategies in regard to feedstock and energy supply as well as infrastructure.
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