Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100226
Roberta Oliveira, Alexandre Szklo, Talita Cruz
Conventional metrics often underestimate transport poverty in developing economies. We adapt the half-median (M/2) metric — originally applied for energy poverty — to detect concealed transport deprivation at the household level in Brazil. Using nationally representative, survey-weighted expenditure data stratified by income deciles, we find that 26 % of Brazilian households spend below half the national median on transport, rising to 59 % in the lowest income decile and falling to 4.5 % in the highest. These results indicate under-consumption driven by binding budget constraints rather than choice, with deprivation concentrated among the poorest families. The M/2 metric captures inequalities that remain invisible to burden-based indicators such as the “10 % rule,” and is robust to alternative thresholds in sensitivity analyses. Policy implications include targeted income or fare subsidies, expanded investment in affordable and reliable public transport, and routine monitoring of transport poverty within national social policy frameworks. Beyond Brazil, the approach is readily replicable in other emerging economies, informing equitable and sustainable mobility strategies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
{"title":"Revealing transport poverty: A Brazilian application of the half-median metric","authors":"Roberta Oliveira, Alexandre Szklo, Talita Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional metrics often underestimate transport poverty in developing economies. We adapt the half-median (M/2) metric — originally applied for energy poverty — to detect concealed transport deprivation at the household level in Brazil. Using nationally representative, survey-weighted expenditure data stratified by income deciles, we find that 26 % of Brazilian households spend below half the national median on transport, rising to 59 % in the lowest income decile and falling to 4.5 % in the highest. These results indicate under-consumption driven by binding budget constraints rather than choice, with deprivation concentrated among the poorest families. The M/2 metric captures inequalities that remain invisible to burden-based indicators such as the “10 % rule,” and is robust to alternative thresholds in sensitivity analyses. Policy implications include targeted income or fare subsidies, expanded investment in affordable and reliable public transport, and routine monitoring of transport poverty within national social policy frameworks. Beyond Brazil, the approach is readily replicable in other emerging economies, informing equitable and sustainable mobility strategies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100192
Pallavi Das , Vaibhav Chaturvedi , Joy Rajbanshi , Zaid Ahsan Khan , Satish Kumar , Akash Goenka
India announced 2070 as its net-zero target year at the 26th Conference of Parties (COP26) in 2021. The existing scenarios from India specific literature on 2070 net-zero, while very useful, mainly focus on alternative techno-economic pathways, power sector alone, and choice of peaking and net-zero years. But none of the existing scenarios go beyond the techno-economic and high-level GDP growth related uncertainties to a broader set of scenario underpinnings. Our study broadens the scenario set for India by assessing scenarios that have not till now been explored in India’s modelling literature, particularly in the context of the 2070 net-zero target. These include macroeconomic development (pathways related to urbanisation, manufacturing led economy, and urban rural inequity), energy efficiency, availability of low-carbon technology, structural reforms and behavioural change that determine future energy demand and emissions. We find that a high manufacturing share and high GDP growth rate in line with ‘Viksit Bharat’ would have the highest influence in terms of increasing India’s long-term energy use and emissions if industries continue to rely on fossil energy. We highlight that lifestyle changes and energy efficiency could have the largest impact in reduction of emissions in the long-term. Under a net-zero scenario however, power pricing reforms becomes a powerful tool for electrification of industrial energy use as well as higher penetration of rooftop solar in residential buildings as tariffs are rationalised, leading to savings in land and distribution losses among other benefits. We also present information on some relevant variables like emissions intensity of GDP and RE generation by 2035 to inform India’s upcoming 2035 NDC targets. We conclude by highlighting the criticality of complementary policies to reduce energy and electricity demand and associated land footprint for India, and the importance of a climate policy for India focusing directly on the high-level emissions pathway through a carbon market.
{"title":"A new scenario set for informing pathways to India’s next nationally determined contribution and 2070 net-zero target: structural reforms, LIFE, and sectoral pathways","authors":"Pallavi Das , Vaibhav Chaturvedi , Joy Rajbanshi , Zaid Ahsan Khan , Satish Kumar , Akash Goenka","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>India announced 2070 as its net-zero target year at the 26th Conference of Parties (COP26) in 2021. The existing scenarios from India specific literature on 2070 net-zero, while very useful, mainly focus on alternative techno-economic pathways, power sector alone, and choice of peaking and net-zero years. But none of the existing scenarios go beyond the techno-economic and high-level GDP growth related uncertainties to a broader set of scenario underpinnings. Our study broadens the scenario set for India by assessing scenarios that have not till now been explored in India’s modelling literature, particularly in the context of the 2070 net-zero target. These include macroeconomic development (pathways related to urbanisation, manufacturing led economy, and urban rural inequity), energy efficiency, availability of low-carbon technology, structural reforms and behavioural change that determine future energy demand and emissions. We find that a high manufacturing share and high GDP growth rate in line with <em>‘Viksit Bharat’</em> would have the highest influence in terms of increasing India’s long-term energy use and emissions if industries continue to rely on fossil energy. We highlight that lifestyle changes and energy efficiency could have the largest impact in reduction of emissions in the long-term. Under a net-zero scenario however, power pricing reforms becomes a powerful tool for electrification of industrial energy use as well as higher penetration of rooftop solar in residential buildings as tariffs are rationalised, leading to savings in land and distribution losses among other benefits. We also present information on some relevant variables like emissions intensity of GDP and RE generation by 2035 to inform India’s upcoming 2035 NDC targets. We conclude by highlighting the criticality of complementary policies to reduce energy and electricity demand and associated land footprint for India, and the importance of a climate policy for India focusing directly on the high-level emissions pathway through a carbon market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100200
Mostafa Mostafavi Sani, Hamid Afshari, Ahmed Saif
Relying on renewable energy for small communities is challenging due to intermittency, while hydrogen offers a reliable, long-term storage solution. Yet, there are questions regarding the involvement of hydrogen in the optimal renewable energy configuration. This paper develops a tri-objective optimization model for the selection and capacity allocation of energy technologies to minimize the annual costs, minimize environmental impact, and maximize social utility for small communities. The model assesses the role of hydrogen in a hybrid renewable energy system to evaluate grid reliability, its contribution to global warming mitigation, and the distinctive dynamics associated with community size. Liverpool in Nova Scotia, Canada, was chosen as a case study due to its promise of renewable energy advancement and inconsistent grid access. The initial results suggest a set of technologies such as wind turbines, combined heat and power, organic Rankine cycle, and the grid. By extending the analysis to 2050, it is projected that the utilization of wind turbines and fuel cells will double, while grid connection becomes unnecessary as hydrogen technologies mature. The matured hydrogen scenario shows a 63% reduction in environmental impact and a 4% improvement in social utility.
{"title":"Improving energy access and environmental sustainability in small communities through hydrogen integration","authors":"Mostafa Mostafavi Sani, Hamid Afshari, Ahmed Saif","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relying on renewable energy for small communities is challenging due to intermittency, while hydrogen offers a reliable, long-term storage solution. Yet, there are questions regarding the involvement of hydrogen in the optimal renewable energy configuration. This paper develops a tri-objective optimization model for the selection and capacity allocation of energy technologies to minimize the annual costs, minimize environmental impact, and maximize social utility for small communities. The model assesses the role of hydrogen in a hybrid renewable energy system to evaluate grid reliability, its contribution to global warming mitigation, and the distinctive dynamics associated with community size. Liverpool in Nova Scotia, Canada, was chosen as a case study due to its promise of renewable energy advancement and inconsistent grid access. The initial results suggest a set of technologies such as wind turbines, combined heat and power, organic Rankine cycle, and the grid. By extending the analysis to 2050, it is projected that the utilization of wind turbines and fuel cells will double, while grid connection becomes unnecessary as hydrogen technologies mature. The matured hydrogen scenario shows a 63% reduction in environmental impact and a 4% improvement in social utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100219
Arnab Mondal , Ritu Jangirh , Tuhin Kumar Mandal
India's commitment to net-zero target of 2070 is significantly hindered by its constant reliance on traditional fuels along with cleaner alternatives like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), especially in rural households where cooking and heating needs are met through these sources. The widespread adoption of clean cooking fuels is crucial for meeting net-zero commitments. A detailed survey conducted in the rural areas of six districts in Haryana, revealed that 62 % of households still depend on traditional fuels, including firewood, dung cakes, and crop residues. Utilising binary and multinomial logistic regression models, this study identified key socio-economic determinants influencing the adoption of clean fuels, such as agricultural land ownership, aesthetic preferences, and the availability of dedicated kitchen spaces. Economic constraints emerged as the primary factors driving fuel stacking behaviours, where households resort to using both traditional and clean fuels. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between energy consumption patterns and economic conditions in India, emphasizing the need for a holistic strategy to facilitate the shift towards sustainable energy solutions. Furthermore, the study quantifies the total consumption of traditional fuels and assesses the associated emissions of household air pollutants (HAP) using established emission factors. Notably, Delhi, positioned downwind of Haryana, stands to benefit significantly from the elimination of traditional fuels, as this transition would alleviate the pollution burden associated with such practices.
{"title":"Fuelling the future: A case-study on traditional cooking fuels and clean energy adoption in rural north-Indian households","authors":"Arnab Mondal , Ritu Jangirh , Tuhin Kumar Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>India's commitment to net-zero target of 2070 is significantly hindered by its constant reliance on traditional fuels along with cleaner alternatives like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), especially in rural households where cooking and heating needs are met through these sources. The widespread adoption of clean cooking fuels is crucial for meeting net-zero commitments. A detailed survey conducted in the rural areas of six districts in Haryana, revealed that 62 % of households still depend on traditional fuels, including firewood, dung cakes, and crop residues. Utilising binary and multinomial logistic regression models, this study identified key socio-economic determinants influencing the adoption of clean fuels, such as agricultural land ownership, aesthetic preferences, and the availability of dedicated kitchen spaces. Economic constraints emerged as the primary factors driving fuel stacking behaviours, where households resort to using both traditional and clean fuels. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between energy consumption patterns and economic conditions in India, emphasizing the need for a holistic strategy to facilitate the shift towards sustainable energy solutions. Furthermore, the study quantifies the total consumption of traditional fuels and assesses the associated emissions of household air pollutants (HAP) using established emission factors. Notably, Delhi, positioned downwind of Haryana, stands to benefit significantly from the elimination of traditional fuels, as this transition would alleviate the pollution burden associated with such practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100182
Lingling Mu, Jianping Wang, Yidan Gu
Ensuring grid stability and meeting emissions reduction goals hinge on the effective allocation of renewable energy electricity consumption. Guided by principles of fairness, efficiency, feasibility, and sustainability, this study crafted a holistic indicator system and employed the Zero-Sum Gains Data Envelope Analysis (ZSG-DEA) model to analyze China's provincial renewable electricity consumption allocations for 2030. The findings indicate that the initial renewable electricity allocation efficiency is already optimal in nine provinces, but falls below 0.5 in Shanxi, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia. However, after three iterations of the ZSG-DEA model, all regions attain optimal efficiency. Eastern coastal regions lead in renewable electricity consumption, exceeding 100 billion kWh, while certain provinces consume less than 70 billion kWh of non-hydroelectricity due to area size. Compared to the initial allocation, there is an observed increase in consumption of non-hydroelectricity in the eastern coastal regions. Conversely, iterative adjustments have led to a notable decrease of up to 40 % in the non-hydroelectricity allocated to regions with favorable wind and solar power generation conditions. It is recommended that regions with rapid economic growth and high electricity demand in China's east should be given priority for renewable electricity allocation. Additionally, it is suggested to improve the excess consumption trading market and the green certificate trading market to provide supplementary means to achieve renewable electricity consumption targets and optimize renewable electricity allocation efficiency.
{"title":"China's provincial renewable energy electricity consumption allocations for 2030: A study using the zero-sum gains data envelope analysis model","authors":"Lingling Mu, Jianping Wang, Yidan Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring grid stability and meeting emissions reduction goals hinge on the effective allocation of renewable energy electricity consumption. Guided by principles of fairness, efficiency, feasibility, and sustainability, this study crafted a holistic indicator system and employed the Zero-Sum Gains Data Envelope Analysis (ZSG-DEA) model to analyze China's provincial renewable electricity consumption allocations for 2030. The findings indicate that the initial renewable electricity allocation efficiency is already optimal in nine provinces, but falls below 0.5 in Shanxi, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia. However, after three iterations of the ZSG-DEA model, all regions attain optimal efficiency. Eastern coastal regions lead in renewable electricity consumption, exceeding 100 billion kWh, while certain provinces consume less than 70 billion kWh of non-hydroelectricity due to area size. Compared to the initial allocation, there is an observed increase in consumption of non-hydroelectricity in the eastern coastal regions. Conversely, iterative adjustments have led to a notable decrease of up to 40 % in the non-hydroelectricity allocated to regions with favorable wind and solar power generation conditions. It is recommended that regions with rapid economic growth and high electricity demand in China's east should be given priority for renewable electricity allocation. Additionally, it is suggested to improve the excess consumption trading market and the green certificate trading market to provide supplementary means to achieve renewable electricity consumption targets and optimize renewable electricity allocation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100225
Kyra de Korte , Sietske Veenman , Maria Kaufmann , Berber Pas , Bernard van Gastel , Arnoud Lagendijk
Data-driven energy technologies (DDET) are often framed as a panacea that will support the transition towards energy-neutrality by adjusting residents' energy practices. However, not all citizens seem to benefit equally from these technologies. To unpack how DDET influences citizens' capability to live a valuable life, we combine insights from the capability approach and future studies, addressing the following research question: "How does the use of DDET influence public renters’ capabilities, and what role do energy literacy and future expectations play in this relationship?" This research employs a qualitative approach, with two Dutch case studies: Public Renters of Net Zero-Energy Homes (NZEHs) and public renters in less energy-efficient homes provided with energy displays by their housing corporation. We used in-depth interviews and observations. The results underscore the necessity for a holistic, practice-based perspective on the energy transition, which takes on board end-users' perspectives on desirable futures. Technological solutions can only work effectively if they are accompanied by recognition and support of public renters' capabilities. Energy literacy is a crucial factor in how individuals use resources like DDET to achieve capabilities such as energy management and financial stability. Limited energy literacy, restricts meaningful resource use, creating stress and missed opportunities. Strong energy literacy can enable renters to anticipate multiple future scenarios, and enhance their quality of life.
{"title":"End-users’ capabilities and futures in the Dutch energy transition: the role of data-driven energy technology in social housing","authors":"Kyra de Korte , Sietske Veenman , Maria Kaufmann , Berber Pas , Bernard van Gastel , Arnoud Lagendijk","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data-driven energy technologies (DDET) are often framed as a panacea that will support the transition towards energy-neutrality by adjusting residents' energy practices. However, not all citizens seem to benefit equally from these technologies. To unpack how DDET influences citizens' capability to live a valuable life, we combine insights from the capability approach and future studies, addressing the following research question: <em>\"How does the use of DDET influence public renters’ capabilities, and what role do energy literacy and future expectations play in this relationship?\"</em> This research employs a qualitative approach, with two Dutch case studies: Public Renters of Net Zero-Energy Homes (NZEHs) and public renters in less energy-efficient homes provided with energy displays by their housing corporation. We used in-depth interviews and observations. The results underscore the necessity for a holistic, practice-based perspective on the energy transition, which takes on board end-users' perspectives on desirable futures. Technological solutions can only work effectively if they are accompanied by recognition and support of public renters' capabilities. Energy literacy is a crucial factor in how individuals use resources like DDET to achieve capabilities such as energy management and financial stability. Limited energy literacy, restricts meaningful resource use, creating stress and missed opportunities. Strong energy literacy can enable renters to anticipate multiple future scenarios, and enhance their quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japan’s commitment to reach net-zero 2050 hinges on innovation in emerging, uncertain technologies. Yet, no study has systematically examined uncertainties in technology development for Japan’s net-zero goal in a multi-model framework. Here, we close this research gap by presenting the results of the Japan Model Intercomparison Project (JMIP) 2. Across models and technology scenarios with wide spreads in costs of emerging technologies, we consistently identify the following robust strategies for net zero: (1) reducing unabated fossil fuels, (2) improving economy-wide energy efficiency, (3) decarbonizing the power sector, and (4) deploying carbon dioxide removal. We also find that although the expansion of variable renewable energy and end-use electrification is robust, the precise level in 2050 remains uncertain. Using technology sensitivity scenarios, we show that the marginal cost of abatement (or carbon price) is significantly affected by the availability of carbon removal. Affordability of hydrogen and ammonia imports significantly affects primary energy supply in some models, underscoring a policy architecture that can flexibly adapt as the techno-economic landscape evolves.
{"title":"JMIP 2 Part 1: Technology uncertainty and robustness in Japan’s net-zero pathways","authors":"Masahiro Sugiyama , Hiroto Shiraki , Shinichiro Fujimori , Kenichi Wada , Tao CAO , Eamon Frazer , Hiroshi Hamasaki , Etsushi Kato , Yuhji Matsuo , Osamu Nishiura , Tatsuya Okubo , Ken Oshiro , Takashi Otsuki , Fuminori Sano , Hiroki Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japan’s commitment to reach net-zero 2050 hinges on innovation in emerging, uncertain technologies. Yet, no study has systematically examined uncertainties in technology development for Japan’s net-zero goal in a multi-model framework. Here, we close this research gap by presenting the results of the Japan Model Intercomparison Project (JMIP) 2. Across models and technology scenarios with wide spreads in costs of emerging technologies, we consistently identify the following robust strategies for net zero: (1) reducing unabated fossil fuels, (2) improving economy-wide energy efficiency, (3) decarbonizing the power sector, and (4) deploying carbon dioxide removal. We also find that although the expansion of variable renewable energy and end-use electrification is robust, the precise level in 2050 remains uncertain. Using technology sensitivity scenarios, we show that the marginal cost of abatement (or carbon price) is significantly affected by the availability of carbon removal. Affordability of hydrogen and ammonia imports significantly affects primary energy supply in some models, underscoring a policy architecture that can flexibly adapt as the techno-economic landscape evolves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100139
Wanyun Shao , Feng Hao
One of the most critical issue facing humanity today is climate change, as the rising incidence of extreme weather events has surpassed the adaptive capacity of human societies. A fundamental transformation of the energy system is urgently needed to address this issue. To gain a better understanding of how exposure to extreme weather events and perceptions of climate change influence support for expanding renewable energies, a nationally representative survey was conducted in 2021, incorporating contextual data on the cost of billion-dollar disasters and carbon dependency. The study's findings suggest that extreme weather events influence the public's perception of climate change, especially among Republicans. Age also plays a role, with younger people more likely to prioritize climate change. Public support for renewable energies is influenced by the perception of climate change as a priority issue, and carbon dependency decreases support for renewable energies. Policymakers should focus on highlighting the link between extreme weather events and climate change, target younger generations with messages about climate change, and consider alternative approaches to supporting carbon-dependent regions. The study has some limitations, including that it is based on cross-sectional data which may not account for potential endogeneity. Additionally, there are no contextual variables at a geographic level finer than the state, and future research should consider adopting measures at finer scales such as county and zip code. The study's theoretical framework could be further validated by integrating observational climate extreme data into understanding individuals’ perception of local weather and climate, and future studies should adopt path analysis or structural equation modelling to validate the proposed path when all relevant variables are included.
{"title":"Understanding the relationships among experience with extreme weather events, perceptions of climate change, carbon dependency, and public support for renewable energies in the United States","authors":"Wanyun Shao , Feng Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most critical issue facing humanity today is climate change, as the rising incidence of extreme weather events has surpassed the adaptive capacity of human societies. A fundamental transformation of the energy system is urgently needed to address this issue. To gain a better understanding of how exposure to extreme weather events and perceptions of climate change influence support for expanding renewable energies, a nationally representative survey was conducted in 2021, incorporating contextual data on the cost of billion-dollar disasters and carbon dependency. The study's findings suggest that extreme weather events influence the public's perception of climate change, especially among Republicans. Age also plays a role, with younger people more likely to prioritize climate change. Public support for renewable energies is influenced by the perception of climate change as a priority issue, and carbon dependency decreases support for renewable energies. Policymakers should focus on highlighting the link between extreme weather events and climate change, target younger generations with messages about climate change, and consider alternative approaches to supporting carbon-dependent regions. The study has some limitations, including that it is based on cross-sectional data which may not account for potential endogeneity. Additionally, there are no contextual variables at a geographic level finer than the state, and future research should consider adopting measures at finer scales such as county and zip code. The study's theoretical framework could be further validated by integrating observational climate extreme data into understanding individuals’ perception of local weather and climate, and future studies should adopt path analysis or structural equation modelling to validate the proposed path when all relevant variables are included.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100162
Arvind Singh Bisht
The western Himalayas hold significant potential for generating bioelectricity from dry pine needle biomass. This approach provides multiple benefits, including forest fire prevention, electricity generation, and emission reduction. However, despite these advantages, the growth of this sector has fallen short of expectations. The projected electricity generation potential from pine needle biomass in this region could lead to a significant annual emission reduction of 1.7 MtCO2e through forest fire prevention and an additional 0.49 MtCO2e by displacing carbon-intensive grid electricity. Regional bioenergy development plays a crucial role in the global energy transition and aligns with SDG 13, "Climate Action," and SDG 7, "Affordable and Clean Energy." By focusing on bioenergy as a renewable and accessible energy source, local and regional communities can contribute to climate action while simultaneously ensuring affordable and clean energy for their communities. Therefore, this paper employs a hybrid SWOT-AHP analysis as a strategic planning tool to achieve emission reduction targets by stimulating regional bioenergy growth. Twenty-nine SWOT factors were identified under four variables, and then the AHP technique was employed to assign priority weights to both SWOT variables and factors. Combining SWOT with AHP analysis provides quantitatively determined priorities for the factors, enabling their objective comparison. Eventually, this study offers a comprehensive perspective that leads to policy recommendations and serves as a valuable resource for relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers seeking to achieve emission reduction goals through bioelectricity generation.
{"title":"Strategic approach to accelerating regional bioenergy development: Bioelectricity for emission reduction and sustainability","authors":"Arvind Singh Bisht","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The western Himalayas hold significant potential for generating bioelectricity from dry pine needle biomass. This approach provides multiple benefits, including forest fire prevention, electricity generation, and emission reduction. However, despite these advantages, the growth of this sector has fallen short of expectations. The projected electricity generation potential from pine needle biomass in this region could lead to a significant annual emission reduction of 1.7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e through forest fire prevention and an additional 0.49 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e by displacing carbon-intensive grid electricity. Regional bioenergy development plays a crucial role in the global energy transition and aligns with SDG 13, \"Climate Action,\" and SDG 7, \"Affordable and Clean Energy.\" By focusing on bioenergy as a renewable and accessible energy source, local and regional communities can contribute to climate action while simultaneously ensuring affordable and clean energy for their communities. Therefore, this paper employs a hybrid SWOT-AHP analysis as a strategic planning tool to achieve emission reduction targets by stimulating regional bioenergy growth. Twenty-nine SWOT factors were identified under four variables, and then the AHP technique was employed to assign priority weights to both SWOT variables and factors. Combining SWOT with AHP analysis provides quantitatively determined priorities for the factors, enabling their objective comparison. Eventually, this study offers a comprehensive perspective that leads to policy recommendations and serves as a valuable resource for relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers seeking to achieve emission reduction goals through bioelectricity generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72914,"journal":{"name":"Energy and climate change","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2023.100118
John Bistline , Chikara Onda , Morgan Browning , Johannes Emmerling , Gokul Iyer , Megan Mahajan , Jim McFarland , Haewon McJeon , Robbie Orvis , Francisco Ralston Fonseca , Christopher Roney , Noah Sandoval , Luis Sarmiento , John Weyant , Jared Woollacott , Mei Yuan
With companies, states, and countries targeting net-zero emissions around midcentury, there are questions about how these targets alter household welfare and finances, including distributional effects across income groups. This paper examines the distributional dimensions of technology transitions and net-zero policies with a focus on welfare impacts across household incomes. The analysis uses a model intercomparison with a range of energy-economy models using harmonized policy scenarios reaching economy-wide, net-zero CO2 emissions across the United States in 2050. We employ a novel linking approach that connects output from detailed energy system models with survey microdata on energy expenditures across income classes to provide distributional analysis of net-zero policies. Although there are differences in model structure and input assumptions, we find broad agreement in qualitative trends in policy incidence and energy burdens across income groups. Models generally agree that direct energy expenditures for many households will likely decline over time with reference and net-zero policies. However, there is variation in the extent of changes relative to current levels, energy burdens relative to reference levels, and electricity expenditures. Policy design, primarily how climate policy revenues are used, has first-order impacts on distributional outcomes. Net-zero policy costs, in both absolute and relative terms, are unevenly distributed across households, and relative increases in energy expenditures are higher for lowest-income households. However, we also find that recycled revenues from climate policies have countervailing effects when rebated on a per-capita basis, offsetting higher energy burdens and potentially even leading to net progressive outcomes. Model results also show carbon Laffer curves, where revenues from net-zero policies increase but then decline with higher stringencies, which can diminish the progressive effects of climate policies. We also illustrate how using annual income deciles for distributional analysis instead of expenditure deciles can overstate the progressivity of emissions policies by overweighting revenue impacts on the lowest-income deciles.
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