Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.482
M. Adegun, Tolulope Ososanya
Animal nutritionists are now searching for new non-traditional feed sources to enhance ruminants’ diets due to price increases and the unavailability of some unconventional feed ingredients. In a Completely Randomized Design, wheat offal was substituted with cabbage waste silage in diets 1 to 5 at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively for 30 days to assess the physicochemical characteristics and acceptability of the new diets by Yankasa rams. Temperatures of 29.00 ± 0.14 and 28.05 ± 0.78 °C, respectively, were noticeably lower in diets 4 and 5. Diets 4 (4.26) and 5 (4.38) considerably lowered (P > 0.05) the pH. All of the diets had good silages based on color,smell, and texture, with diet 5 having a firm and wet texture. Diets 4 and 5 had sweet aromatic odour. With increasing the amount of cabbage waste in the silage, the dry matter dropped, going from 80.11 to 46.88% in diets 1 and 5, respectively. Diet 4’s lowest CP of 12.68%, is sufficient for ruminant feeding. In diet 4, the values of crude fiber and ether extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Although there were substantial differences (P < 0.05) in each diet’s fiber content, the NDF, ADF, and ADL all fell within the acceptable range for excellent silage. All the silages made in diets 1 to 5 were acceptable by Yankasa rams, but diet 5 ranked highest in terms ofcoefficient of preference (CoP). According to all findings, cabbage waste could be a valuable silage additive in ruminants’ diets. Wheat offal can be replaced by cabbage waste up to 30% and 40% in the diet of ruminants with good silage formation and better CoP.
{"title":"Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Acceptability of Graded Levels of Ensiled Cabbage Waste and Wheat Offals as Ruminants’ Supplemental Diet","authors":"M. Adegun, Tolulope Ososanya","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.482","url":null,"abstract":"Animal nutritionists are now searching for new non-traditional feed sources to enhance ruminants’ diets due to price increases and the unavailability of some unconventional feed ingredients. In a Completely Randomized Design, wheat offal was substituted with cabbage waste silage in diets 1 to 5 at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively for 30 days to assess the physicochemical characteristics and acceptability of the new diets by Yankasa rams. Temperatures of 29.00 ± 0.14 and 28.05 ± 0.78 °C, respectively, were noticeably lower in diets 4 and 5. Diets 4 (4.26) and 5 (4.38) considerably lowered (P > 0.05) the pH. All of the diets had good silages based on color,smell, and texture, with diet 5 having a firm and wet texture. Diets 4 and 5 had sweet aromatic odour. With increasing the amount of cabbage waste in the silage, the dry matter dropped, going from 80.11 to 46.88% in diets 1 and 5, respectively. Diet 4’s lowest CP of 12.68%, is sufficient for ruminant feeding. In diet 4, the values of crude fiber and ether extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Although there were substantial differences (P < 0.05) in each diet’s fiber content, the NDF, ADF, and ADL all fell within the acceptable range for excellent silage. All the silages made in diets 1 to 5 were acceptable by Yankasa rams, but diet 5 ranked highest in terms ofcoefficient of preference (CoP). According to all findings, cabbage waste could be a valuable silage additive in ruminants’ diets. Wheat offal can be replaced by cabbage waste up to 30% and 40% in the diet of ruminants with good silage formation and better CoP.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44691291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.481
Bashir Ahmad Aseem, Mohammad Arif Ahsas, Abdul Sattar Danishyar
Copper oxide nanoparticles have many applications in industry and medicine. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted in relation to the biological production of these nanoparticles. In the present study, the ability of isolated Psychrotrophic (cold-resistant) prokaryotes from the Zagros highlands located in Lorestan province of Iran and some isolated Streptomyces strains from the Oman Sea has been evaluated in the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. The maximum lethal concentration of copper salts was determined for the strains and the strains with the highest level of resistance were selected. The biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles was done extracellularly by inoculating Psychrotrophic and Streptomyces strains in liquid TSB culture medium containing 0.01 M copper sulfate salt and keeping the culture medium in a shaker incubator at 20 °C at 150 rpm. The production of copper oxide nanoparticles was evaluated by changing the color of the reaction solution from light blue to dark green. From the 44 cold-resistant strains and the investigated Streptomyces strains, all strains were able to tolerate concentrations higher than 5 mM. Of these, the strain OSNP13 belonging to the genus Microbacterium liquefaciens (X77444) has been able to synthesize the highest amount of copper oxide nanoparticles. The optical absorption of the solution containing synthesized nanoparticles was determined in the range of 250-350 nm by UV-vis spectrophotometer, which had a specific peak at 288 nm. And the copper oxide nanoparticles have an average size of 63.21 nm based on DLS analysis. The crystallographic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles were also determined by using XRD analysis, which showed that the prepared nanoparticles had a hexagonal crystal structure with a size of 31.29 nanometers. Then, the antibacterial activity of produced nanoparticles was evaluated. The MIC values of copper oxide nanoparticles for E. coli and S. aureus bacteria were calculated as 125 and 250 micrograms per milliliter, respectively. The produced copper oxide nanoparticles have shown a good antimicrobial properties and can be suitable candidates for use as antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of CuO Nanoparticles of Psychrotrophic Bacteria","authors":"Bashir Ahmad Aseem, Mohammad Arif Ahsas, Abdul Sattar Danishyar","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.481","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Copper oxide nanoparticles have many applications in industry and medicine. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted in relation to the biological production of these nanoparticles. In the present study, the ability of isolated Psychrotrophic (cold-resistant) prokaryotes from the Zagros highlands located in Lorestan province of Iran and some isolated Streptomyces strains from the Oman Sea has been evaluated in the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. The maximum lethal concentration of copper salts was determined for the strains and the strains with the highest level of resistance were selected. The biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles was done extracellularly by inoculating Psychrotrophic and Streptomyces strains in liquid TSB culture medium containing 0.01 M copper sulfate salt and keeping the culture medium in a shaker incubator at 20 °C at 150 rpm. The production of copper oxide nanoparticles was evaluated by changing the color of the reaction solution from light blue to dark green. From the 44 cold-resistant strains and the investigated Streptomyces strains, all strains were able to tolerate concentrations higher than 5 mM. Of these, the strain OSNP13 belonging to the genus Microbacterium liquefaciens (X77444) has been able to synthesize the highest amount of copper oxide nanoparticles. The optical absorption of the solution containing synthesized nanoparticles was determined in the range of 250-350 nm by UV-vis spectrophotometer, which had a specific peak at 288 nm. And the copper oxide nanoparticles have an average size of 63.21 nm based on DLS analysis. The crystallographic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles were also determined by using XRD analysis, which showed that the prepared nanoparticles had a hexagonal crystal structure with a size of 31.29 nanometers. Then, the antibacterial activity of produced nanoparticles was evaluated. The MIC values of copper oxide nanoparticles for E. coli and S. aureus bacteria were calculated as 125 and 250 micrograms per milliliter, respectively. The produced copper oxide nanoparticles have shown a good antimicrobial properties and can be suitable candidates for use as antimicrobial agents. \u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43152289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.443
Ghan Singh Maloth, R. Marka, R. Nanna
In this review, we report on the different plant growth regulators (PGRs) affecting the callus induction, callus-mediated regeneration, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis from different explants and micropropagation through shoot tip and nodal cultures in Turkey Berry (Solanum torvumSW). The fruits of this plant guard against liver and kidney damage, stop certain cancers, and regulate blood sugar levels. They benefit digestion, the management of gout and menstruation, the treatment of anaemia and diabetes, the prevention of intestinal worms, cardiovascular disorders, and strokes. The protocol developed for the induction of callus can be utilized to isolate pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites in S. torvum, and the regeneration protocols optimized in this study can be used for genetic transformation and conservation of S. torvum, not only as a medicinal plant but also a model system.
{"title":"A Review on In Vitro Regeneration of Ethnomedicinal Plant Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum Swartz)","authors":"Ghan Singh Maloth, R. Marka, R. Nanna","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.443","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this review, we report on the different plant growth regulators (PGRs) affecting the callus induction, callus-mediated regeneration, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis from different explants and micropropagation through shoot tip and nodal cultures in Turkey Berry (Solanum torvumSW). The fruits of this plant guard against liver and kidney damage, stop certain cancers, and regulate blood sugar levels. They benefit digestion, the management of gout and menstruation, the treatment of anaemia and diabetes, the prevention of intestinal worms, cardiovascular disorders, and strokes. The protocol developed for the induction of callus can be utilized to isolate pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites in S. torvum, and the regeneration protocols optimized in this study can be used for genetic transformation and conservation of S. torvum, not only as a medicinal plant but also a model system.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43971731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.461
J. Doherty, V. Khadka, Beatrice Kondo, J. Panee
To identify genetic markers of different cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia), leaf samples from twenty-three genetically unique stevia plants were subjected to RNA sequencing. Unexpectedly, transcriptome annotation revealed a ‘viral polyprotein’ contig, which was identified as the Bundaberg Bee Virus 4 (BBV4), a virus that has not been found in Hawaii before. BBV4 expression was found in twelve samples, and the expression levels ranged from 0.08-339.18 transcripts per million (TPM). A ‘BBV4-Hawaii’ consensus sequence was generated from 227,427 reads and shares 99.7% identity with the BBV4 reference sample from Australia. A phylogenetic tree estimation constructed using three viral domains placed BBV4 in a monophyletic clade with other members of Iflaviridae, supporting an Iflaviridae classification. A BBV4 intergenic region (IGR) was found to contain a ‘slippery sequence’ within a region that is predicted to contain the unique structure required for Programmed Ribosomal Shifting (PRS). A homological comparison of the BBV4 IGR to two other Picornavirales that utilize alternative translation revealed an area of overlap in the analogous regions. These results suggest that BBV4 may utilize alternative translation and that its IGR is involved in the process. This study also demonstrates the utility of repurposing large Next Generation Sequence (NGS) datasets with sufficiently deep coverage for viral genome identification, quantification, and characterization. The results herein represent the first full capture of the BBV4 genomic sequence and the second reported observation of the virus worldwide.
{"title":"Characterization of Bundaberg Bee Virus 4 Genome Identified in Hawaii","authors":"J. Doherty, V. Khadka, Beatrice Kondo, J. Panee","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.461","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000To identify genetic markers of different cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia), leaf samples from twenty-three genetically unique stevia plants were subjected to RNA sequencing. Unexpectedly, transcriptome annotation revealed a ‘viral polyprotein’ contig, which was identified as the Bundaberg Bee Virus 4 (BBV4), a virus that has not been found in Hawaii before. BBV4 expression was found in twelve samples, and the expression levels ranged from 0.08-339.18 transcripts per million (TPM). A ‘BBV4-Hawaii’ consensus sequence was generated from 227,427 reads and shares 99.7% identity with the BBV4 reference sample from Australia. A phylogenetic tree estimation constructed using three viral domains placed BBV4 in a monophyletic clade with other members of Iflaviridae, supporting an Iflaviridae classification. A BBV4 intergenic region (IGR) was found to contain a ‘slippery sequence’ within a region that is predicted to contain the unique structure required for Programmed Ribosomal Shifting (PRS). A homological comparison of the BBV4 IGR to two other Picornavirales that utilize alternative translation revealed an area of overlap in the analogous regions. These results suggest that BBV4 may utilize alternative translation and that its IGR is involved in the process. This study also demonstrates the utility of repurposing large Next Generation Sequence (NGS) datasets with sufficiently deep coverage for viral genome identification, quantification, and characterization. The results herein represent the first full capture of the BBV4 genomic sequence and the second reported observation of the virus worldwide.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45888580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.470
I. G. B. K. O. Parwata, I Made Winarsa Ruma, Ni Wayan Winarti
Aging is a natural thing that happens to all individuals. Currently, the theory of the causes of aging is starting to develop, with this as the basis for efforts to prevent aging to achieve longevity individuals in good health and quality. This occurs due to exposure to UVB rays exceeding the dose and repeatedly for a long time. This also results in collagen degradation and an even higher increase in MMP-1. Betalain pigment, which gives red beetroot its reddish-purple color, is the most important component. Beet tubers in several studies are the ten fruits that have the greatest concentration of antioxidants. This research is an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. Subjects were 30 Wistar rats, divided into 3 treatment groups where each group consisted of 10 rats. Measurement of MMP-1 using the immunohistochemical method and size of collagen with Pico-Sirius-Red staining. The group of mice with UVB exposure intervention and given beetroot cream had the lowest average MMP1 expression, 25.11%, and had a higher average amount of collagen, 80.08% pixels. There was a significant difference in the mean MMP-1 expression and the amount of collagen in the three observation groups. The correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the administration of red beet root extract (Beta vulgaris) inhibited the increase in MMP-1 expression with a strong relationship (r = -0.712). Meanwhile, the administration of red beet root extract (Beta vulgaris) inhibited the decrease in the amount of collagen with a strong association strength (r = 0.785). Topical administration of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) 15% extract cream can inhibit the increase in MMP 1 expression and decrease in collagen in the skin of Wistar rats exposed to ultraviolet B light as seen from the mean difference and strong correlation strength.
{"title":"Administration of 15% Red Beet (Beta Vulgaris) Extract Cream Inhibited The Increased Expression of Mmp-1 and The Decreased Amount of Collagen in Wistar Strained Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed to Ultra Violet-B Light","authors":"I. G. B. K. O. Parwata, I Made Winarsa Ruma, Ni Wayan Winarti","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.470","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is a natural thing that happens to all individuals. Currently, the theory of the causes of aging is starting to develop, with this as the basis for efforts to prevent aging to achieve longevity individuals in good health and quality. This occurs due to exposure to UVB rays exceeding the dose and repeatedly for a long time. This also results in collagen degradation and an even higher increase in MMP-1. Betalain pigment, which gives red beetroot its reddish-purple color, is the most important component. Beet tubers in several studies are the ten fruits that have the greatest concentration of antioxidants.\u0000This research is an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. Subjects were 30 Wistar rats, divided into 3 treatment groups where each group consisted of 10 rats. Measurement of MMP-1 using the immunohistochemical method and size of collagen with Pico-Sirius-Red staining.\u0000The group of mice with UVB exposure intervention and given beetroot cream had the lowest average MMP1 expression, 25.11%, and had a higher average amount of collagen, 80.08% pixels. There was a significant difference in the mean MMP-1 expression and the amount of collagen in the three observation groups. The correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the administration of red beet root extract (Beta vulgaris) inhibited the increase in MMP-1 expression with a strong relationship (r = -0.712). Meanwhile, the administration of red beet root extract (Beta vulgaris) inhibited the decrease in the amount of collagen with a strong association strength (r = 0.785).\u0000Topical administration of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) 15% extract cream can inhibit the increase in MMP 1 expression and decrease in collagen in the skin of Wistar rats exposed to ultraviolet B light as seen from the mean difference and strong correlation strength.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44468482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.469
Faten Mohy eldin Mohamed, Gehan Helmy Abd El Aziz, Abdelhamid El-Ghadban Abdellatif Sherif, I. I. Sadek, Shreen Samy Ahmed
In recent years, many countries, especially after the increase in population and agricultural land, suffered from a freshwater shortage. This research obtained the positive role of using biotransformation processes to treat contaminated water and reuse it in agriculture. The results indicated that bioremediation of wastewater by using "bacterial consortium” has a positive effect on reducing some biological and non-biological pollutants. There was excellent potential to decrease pathogenic microbes. In addition, the release of some important compounds during the growth of these bacteria in the developing environments, such as some enzymes, amino acids (1.74-fold), organic acids (20.16-fold), gibbrillic acid (2.5-fold), indole acetic acid (1.8-fold), total carbohydrates (10.8-fold), total lipids (18.3-fold) and total phenols (1.68-fold) compared with control.
{"title":"Biotransformation of Low-Quality Wastewater into the Production of Water of Economic Value","authors":"Faten Mohy eldin Mohamed, Gehan Helmy Abd El Aziz, Abdelhamid El-Ghadban Abdellatif Sherif, I. I. Sadek, Shreen Samy Ahmed","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.469","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many countries, especially after the increase in population and agricultural land, suffered from a freshwater shortage. This research obtained the positive role of using biotransformation processes to treat contaminated water and reuse it in agriculture. The results indicated that bioremediation of wastewater by using \"bacterial consortium” has a positive effect on reducing some biological and non-biological pollutants. There was excellent potential to decrease pathogenic microbes. In addition, the release of some important compounds during the growth of these bacteria in the developing environments, such as some enzymes, amino acids (1.74-fold), organic acids (20.16-fold), gibbrillic acid (2.5-fold), indole acetic acid (1.8-fold), total carbohydrates (10.8-fold), total lipids (18.3-fold) and total phenols (1.68-fold) compared with control.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.439
F. C. Samuel-Osamoka, D. Arotupin, O. Olaniyi, I. Banat
The current study evaluated hydrocarbon-degrading and biosurfactant-producing potentials of bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Nigeria, the largest crude oil reservoir in Africa. Pure bacterial isolates were grown on nutrient and Bushnell Haas agar. Bacterial isolates that grew on both media were molecularly identified via 16S rDNA sequence. Biosurfactant production detection was carried out via oil spread test, drop collapse test and surface tension measurement. The bacterial isolate with the lowest surface tension value was used for further studies. The growth of the selected isolate was measured using Spectroscopic technique, while the production of biosurfactants in the culture supernatant were determined by the measurement of surface tension, and the extracted surfactants were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The colony forming unit on nutrient agar ranged from 1.35 x 108 to 1.93 x 108 cfu/g while the colony forming unit on Bushnell Haas agar ranged from 9.33 x 105 to 1.84 x 106 cfu/g. The bacterial species belonged to three genera including Bacillus, Cellulosimicrobium and Pseudomonas. P. aeruginosa HB6 (39) with accession number MW367569.1 had the lowest surface tension value (33.77±0.12a) indicating that it was the best biosurfactant producer. The test isolate attained early stationary phase at 10h and the cell-free supernatant showed excellent surface tension reduction potential. The extracted biosurfactant contained ample mono and di-rhamnolipid congeners. P. aeruginosa HB6 (39) is a potential bioremediation agent and can also be used for large scale production of rhamnolipids for other industrial applications.
目前的研究评估了从非洲最大的原油油藏尼日利亚碳氢化合物污染土壤中分离的细菌的碳氢化合物降解和生物表面活性剂生产潜力。纯细菌分离株在营养琼脂和Bushnell Haas琼脂上生长。通过16S rDNA序列对生长在两种培养基上的细菌分离株进行分子鉴定。通过油扩散试验、液滴坍塌试验和表面张力测定对生物表面活性剂的产生进行了检测。使用表面张力值最低的细菌分离物进行进一步研究。使用光谱技术测量所选分离物的生长，同时通过测量表面张力来确定培养上清液中生物表面活性剂的产生，并通过高效液相色谱-质谱法（HPLC-MS）对提取的表面活性剂进行表征。营养琼脂上的菌落形成单位为1.35 x 108至1.93 x 108 cfu/g，而Bushnell Haas琼脂上的集落形成单位为9.33 x 105至1.84 x 106 cfu/g。细菌分为芽孢杆菌属、纤维素酰亚胺菌属和假单胞菌属三个属。铜绿假单胞菌HB6（39）（登录号MW367569.1）的表面张力值最低（33.77±0.12a），表明它是最好的生物表面活性剂生产商。试验分离物在10h达到早期固定期，无细胞上清液显示出优异的表面张力降低潜力。提取的生物表面活性剂含有大量的单一和二鼠李糖脂同源物。铜绿假单胞菌HB6（39）是一种潜在的生物修复剂，也可用于大规模生产用于其他工业应用的鼠李糖脂。
{"title":"Production of Rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HB6 (39) Isolated from Petroleum-Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environment","authors":"F. C. Samuel-Osamoka, D. Arotupin, O. Olaniyi, I. Banat","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.439","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The current study evaluated hydrocarbon-degrading and biosurfactant-producing potentials of bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Nigeria, the largest crude oil reservoir in Africa. Pure bacterial isolates were grown on nutrient and Bushnell Haas agar. Bacterial isolates that grew on both media were molecularly identified via 16S rDNA sequence. Biosurfactant production detection was carried out via oil spread test, drop collapse test and surface tension measurement. The bacterial isolate with the lowest surface tension value was used for further studies. The growth of the selected isolate was measured using Spectroscopic technique, while the production of biosurfactants in the culture supernatant were determined by the measurement of surface tension, and the extracted surfactants were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The colony forming unit on nutrient agar ranged from 1.35 x 108 to 1.93 x 108 cfu/g while the colony forming unit on Bushnell Haas agar ranged from 9.33 x 105 to 1.84 x 106 cfu/g. The bacterial species belonged to three genera including Bacillus, Cellulosimicrobium and Pseudomonas. P. aeruginosa HB6 (39) with accession number MW367569.1 had the lowest surface tension value (33.77±0.12a) indicating that it was the best biosurfactant producer. The test isolate attained early stationary phase at 10h and the cell-free supernatant showed excellent surface tension reduction potential. The extracted biosurfactant contained ample mono and di-rhamnolipid congeners. P. aeruginosa HB6 (39) is a potential bioremediation agent and can also be used for large scale production of rhamnolipids for other industrial applications. \u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.451
Leandro Capurro, E. Brugnoli, E. Díaz-Ferguson, C. Martínez
Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) is an invasive mollusk, native to Southeast Asia. The detection of L. fortunei, during early stages of the invasion, is an interesting strategy for its control and eradication. For these aims, traditional methods are used based on identifying the species in samples of zooplankton or benthos community. In addition, molecular methods based on the detection of DNA in different environmental samples (eDNA) have been proposed. We describe and discuss a protocol developed for the detection of L. fortunei based on mitochondrial eDNA in plankton samples from freshwater systems. Water samples were obtained during 2018-2019, from cooling systems of the hydroelectric power plant in Río Negro, Uruguay. eDNA was detected by end-time PCR and PCR products were resolved on polyacrylamide gels and silver staining. Primers specificity was determined in related limnic and brackish native species. Sensitivity was analyzed as genomic DNA concentration and number of larvae. Different methodologies were tested to remove inhibitors from samples. Finally, the eDNA PCR products were sequenced to confirm the specificity of the reaction. The results obtained by molecular techniques were more sensitive than traditional methods of species detection.
{"title":"Detection of Limnoperna fortunei DNA From Plankton Samples: A New Protocol","authors":"Leandro Capurro, E. Brugnoli, E. Díaz-Ferguson, C. Martínez","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.451","url":null,"abstract":"Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) is an invasive mollusk, native to Southeast Asia. The detection of L. fortunei, during early stages of the invasion, is an interesting strategy for its control and eradication. For these aims, traditional methods are used based on identifying the species in samples of zooplankton or benthos community. In addition, molecular methods based on the detection of DNA in different environmental samples (eDNA) have been proposed. We describe and discuss a protocol developed for the detection of L. fortunei based on mitochondrial eDNA in plankton samples from freshwater systems. Water samples were obtained during 2018-2019, from cooling systems of the hydroelectric power plant in Río Negro, Uruguay. eDNA was detected by end-time PCR and PCR products were resolved on polyacrylamide gels and silver staining. Primers specificity was determined in related limnic and brackish native species. Sensitivity was analyzed as genomic DNA concentration and number of larvae. Different methodologies were tested to remove inhibitors from samples. Finally, the eDNA PCR products were sequenced to confirm the specificity of the reaction. The results obtained by molecular techniques were more sensitive than traditional methods of species detection.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44355697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.454
J. R. Latournerié-Cervera, A. R. Estrada-Ortega, María Isabel Rangel-Nambo
Chirostoma jordani is an endemic species of Mexico, whose populations due to different natural and anthropogenic causes, have experienced a notable decline in recent decades, endangering their permanence in their natural habitat, including the Xochimilco canals. Therefore, this study focused on updating the status of the species in Xochimilco through an ecophysiological analysis with a bioenergetic approach, using as a model the elements (P and R) of the general energy balance equation. The measured performance indicators of the species during an annual cycle were: analysis of the structure of size (total length, TL and weight, W), body composition of the tissue: wet weight (WW), dry weight (DW), body water content (WC), nitrogen and energy content, growth rate (GR) = production (P), and metabolic rate (R) in relation to body weight in two contrasting seasons of the year (dry and rainy), as well as assimilation efficiency (P + R). The physicochemical dynamics of the habitat of the species was evaluated in all the sampling months, through eight water quality variables and was correlated with the previously indicated performance measures using discriminant analysis. The composition by sizes indicated that the spawning season and the entry of recruits into the population take place during the dry season (February - May), reaching the highest growth rates in the period March - April: 0.23 mm TL/ day, as well as the highest values in: assimilation (2,457.2 cal/g DW/day), energy expenditure in metabolism and tissue energy enrichment (CI95%: 3,493.6 – 4,762.6 cal/g DW), as opposed to the rainy season of the annual cycle: August – November, which is defined by the greatest environmental heterogeneity with extreme values of pH, total solids and nitrite concentrations that interact as constraints on the performance of the population. It is concluded that the population of C. jordani in the study area is subject to extreme environmental pressures, and the quantitative indicators used are of great value to identify and diagnose the risk status of the species and should be used to delimit future actions in its management and conservation.
乔达尼Chirotoma jordani是墨西哥的一种特有物种，由于不同的自然和人为原因，其种群在近几十年来经历了显著的下降，危及其在自然栖息地的永久性，包括Xochimilco运河。因此，本研究的重点是通过生物能量方法的生态生理分析，利用一般能量平衡方程的元素（P和R）作为模型，更新Xochimilco物种的状态。在一个年度周期内，该物种的测量性能指标为：分析大小结构（总长度、TL和重量、W），组织的身体组成：湿重（WW）、干重（DW）、身体含水量（WC）、氮和能量含量、生长速率（GR）=产量（P），以及一年中两个对比季节（旱季和雨季）的代谢率（R）与体重的关系以及同化效率（P+R）。在所有采样月份，通过八个水质变量评估了该物种栖息地的物理化学动力学，并使用判别分析将其与先前指示的性能指标相关联。按大小划分的组成表明，产卵季节和新成员进入种群发生在旱季（2月至5月），在3月至4月期间达到最高增长率：0.23 mm TL/天，在同化方面达到最高值（2457.2 cal/g DW/天），代谢和组织能量富集的能量消耗（CI95%：3493.6–4762.6 cal/g DW），而不是年周期的雨季：8月至11月，这是由最大的环境异质性定义的，pH值、总固体和亚硝酸盐浓度的极值相互作用，对种群的表现产生约束。结论是，研究区域内的C.jordani种群面临着极端的环境压力，所使用的定量指标对识别和诊断该物种的风险状况具有重要价值，应用于确定未来在其管理和保护方面的行动。
{"title":"Aspects of the Life Cycle of Chirostoma jordani (Pisces: Atherinopsidae) in A Periurban Lake from Mexico City: An Ecophysiological Assessment","authors":"J. R. Latournerié-Cervera, A. R. Estrada-Ortega, María Isabel Rangel-Nambo","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.454","url":null,"abstract":"Chirostoma jordani is an endemic species of Mexico, whose populations due to different natural and anthropogenic causes, have experienced a notable decline in recent decades, endangering their permanence in their natural habitat, including the Xochimilco canals. Therefore, this study focused on updating the status of the species in Xochimilco through an ecophysiological analysis with a bioenergetic approach, using as a model the elements (P and R) of the general energy balance equation. The measured performance indicators of the species during an annual cycle were: analysis of the structure of size (total length, TL and weight, W), body composition of the tissue: wet weight (WW), dry weight (DW), body water content (WC), nitrogen and energy content, growth rate (GR) = production (P), and metabolic rate (R) in relation to body weight in two contrasting seasons of the year (dry and rainy), as well as assimilation efficiency (P + R). The physicochemical dynamics of the habitat of the species was evaluated in all the sampling months, through eight water quality variables and was correlated with the previously indicated performance measures using discriminant analysis. The composition by sizes indicated that the spawning season and the entry of recruits into the population take place during the dry season (February - May), reaching the highest growth rates in the period March - April: 0.23 mm TL/ day, as well as the highest values in: assimilation (2,457.2 cal/g DW/day), energy expenditure in metabolism and tissue energy enrichment (CI95%: 3,493.6 – 4,762.6 cal/g DW), as opposed to the rainy season of the annual cycle: August – November, which is defined by the greatest environmental heterogeneity with extreme values of pH, total solids and nitrite concentrations that interact as constraints on the performance of the population. It is concluded that the population of C. jordani in the study area is subject to extreme environmental pressures, and the quantitative indicators used are of great value to identify and diagnose the risk status of the species and should be used to delimit future actions in its management and conservation.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.449
Mujeeburahman Ariez, Hedayatullah Salari, Khanzad Gul Zazai
Chilgoza is currently propagated only by seed, which shows very low and uneven germination, and slower seedlings growth that causes poor natural regeneration. Therefore this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid and sowing media on seed germination and seedling growth. Two factors i.e., sowing media (three media with various proportions of soil, sand, and animal manure) and GA3 (0, 50, and 100 mg. L-1) were included in the study. This greenhouse experiment was run as 3×3 factorial in frame of CRD design with 3 replications. Results showed that apart from MGT (42.36 days), the higher FGP (58.66%), GI (274), GRI (75.01), and SFW (8.74gr), SDW (4.78gr), SL (219.80 mm), SVI (129192602) were obtained when seeds were initially immersed for 6 h at 100 mg. L-1 GA3 solution and then sown in the medium of equal proportions of soil, sand, and animal manure. In terms of simple effects, GA3 concentrations had a significant effect on the vegetative growth of seedlings, whereas media effects on seed germination were highly significant which means that chilgoza seed contains sufficient amount of gibberellin for germination and thereafter is reduced during seedling growth stages. The results also revealed that the vegetative growth response of the seedling to the concentrations of GA3 had a significant linear response but response of FGP and MGT against GA3 concentrations were significantly quadratic i.e. the use of GA3 concentrations can stimulate the growth of seedlings. Overall the results showed that the media had obvious effect on FGP and MGT which may be due to nutrients and ventilation. On the other hand, as the highest concentration of GA3 increased the vegetative growth of the seedling, so additional use may be necessary over time. In light of the results, it is suggested that GA3 in addition to media may be used for betterment of chilgoza seed germination and subsequent seedling growth.
{"title":"Effect of Sowing Media and Gibberellic Acid on seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Chilgoza pine nut (Pinus gerardiana. Wall)","authors":"Mujeeburahman Ariez, Hedayatullah Salari, Khanzad Gul Zazai","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.2.449","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Chilgoza is currently propagated only by seed, which shows very low and uneven germination, and slower seedlings growth that causes poor natural regeneration. Therefore this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid and sowing media on seed germination and seedling growth. Two factors i.e., sowing media (three media with various proportions of soil, sand, and animal manure) and GA3 (0, 50, and 100 mg. L-1) were included in the study. This greenhouse experiment was run as 3×3 factorial in frame of CRD design with 3 replications. Results showed that apart from MGT (42.36 days), the higher FGP (58.66%), GI (274), GRI (75.01), and SFW (8.74gr), SDW (4.78gr), SL (219.80 mm), SVI (129192602) were obtained when seeds were initially immersed for 6 h at 100 mg. L-1 GA3 solution and then sown in the medium of equal proportions of soil, sand, and animal manure. In terms of simple effects, GA3 concentrations had a significant effect on the vegetative growth of seedlings, whereas media effects on seed germination were highly significant which means that chilgoza seed contains sufficient amount of gibberellin for germination and thereafter is reduced during seedling growth stages. The results also revealed that the vegetative growth response of the seedling to the concentrations of GA3 had a significant linear response but response of FGP and MGT against GA3 concentrations were significantly quadratic i.e. the use of GA3 concentrations can stimulate the growth of seedlings. Overall the results showed that the media had obvious effect on FGP and MGT which may be due to nutrients and ventilation. On the other hand, as the highest concentration of GA3 increased the vegetative growth of the seedling, so additional use may be necessary over time. In light of the results, it is suggested that GA3 in addition to media may be used for betterment of chilgoza seed germination and subsequent seedling growth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44415290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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