Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.389
F. Afroze, Md Zahid Hassan, Md. Zahid Hasan Rana, Shilpi Akter, Md. Imran Hossen, S. Towhid
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been recognized as a major cause of nosocomial infection due to resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. This study reports presence of carbapenem resistance genes in clinical Pseudomonas isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh, as well as their resistance to some common disinfectants (benzylkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate). Twenty three samples were collected from two hospitals and one diagnostic center from different locations in Dhaka city. Among these, 16 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp. from growth on Cetrimide Agar, standard biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase and triple sugar iron, urea, Sulphur Indole Motility medium, Lysine Iron Agar, Methyl Red-Voges Proskaeur medium, nitrate, citrate) and IasL/R-gene targeted PCR. Molecular characterization revealed three of the isolates contained 2.3kb to 2.5 kb plasmids. The genome of 6 isolates contained blaGIM gene encoding metallo-beta-lactamase variant (German), but none of isolates were resistant against imipenem group of antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin, cefixime, imipenem). Therefore the isolates are genetically potent to resist antibiotics belonging to imipenem group, but are still sensitive to the antibiotics in culture. 3% Benzylkonium chloride and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate has slightly synergistic effect in inhibiting Pseudomonas sp. in representative isolates as their Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index value ranges between 0.22 and 0.5. Taken together, Pseudomonas sp. isolates harboring potential virulent genes and imipenem-resistance genes could be inhibited more effectively in vitro if more than one suitable disinfectants are applied combinedly.
{"title":"Efficacy of Benzylkonium and Clorhexidine against Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Sp. from Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"F. Afroze, Md Zahid Hassan, Md. Zahid Hasan Rana, Shilpi Akter, Md. Imran Hossen, S. Towhid","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.389","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been recognized as a major cause of nosocomial infection due to resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. This study reports presence of carbapenem resistance genes in clinical Pseudomonas isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh, as well as their resistance to some common disinfectants (benzylkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate). \u0000\u0000\u0000Twenty three samples were collected from two hospitals and one diagnostic center from different locations in Dhaka city. Among these, 16 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp. from growth on Cetrimide Agar, standard biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase and triple sugar iron, urea, Sulphur Indole Motility medium, Lysine Iron Agar, Methyl Red-Voges Proskaeur medium, nitrate, citrate) and IasL/R-gene targeted PCR. Molecular characterization revealed three of the isolates contained 2.3kb to 2.5 kb plasmids. The genome of 6 isolates contained blaGIM gene encoding metallo-beta-lactamase variant (German), but none of isolates were resistant against imipenem group of antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin, cefixime, imipenem). Therefore the isolates are genetically potent to resist antibiotics belonging to imipenem group, but are still sensitive to the antibiotics in culture. \u0000\u0000\u00003% Benzylkonium chloride and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate has slightly synergistic effect in inhibiting Pseudomonas sp. in representative isolates as their Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index value ranges between 0.22 and 0.5. Taken together, Pseudomonas sp. isolates harboring potential virulent genes and imipenem-resistance genes could be inhibited more effectively in vitro if more than one suitable disinfectants are applied combinedly.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43474400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.372
Felista Mutheu Makau, M. Mwangi, Maurice Edward Oyoo, A. M. Kibe, J. Oggema
Tissue culture techniques’ have become useful technologies for producing disease & pest free seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the developed world. However, these techniques have yet to be standardized for locally produced potato varieties in Kenya. Developing countries can also use these innovations for rapid multiplication of popular local seed material through rooted apical cuttings generated from either plantlets or micro tubers. In vitro experiments were therefore conducted to determine the optimum concentration of sucrose and gibberellic acid for growth and survival of local potato varieties, namely, Shangi, Unica and Wanjiku. The explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with sucrose at a concentration of 20, 30 and 40 gL-1, while gibberellic acid was applied at a concentration of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mgL-1. The study was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). MS Medium with sucrose 40 gL-1and gibberellic acid 0.5 mgL-1 significantly enhanced shoot length, with the longest shoot (10.3cm) being recorded for Wanjiku. The same treatment also gave the highest plant survival of 90%. Murashige and Skoog media, added with 0.5 mgL-1 gibberellic acid along with 40 gL-1 sucrose is recommended for generating wanjiku, unica and shangi apical rooted cuttings because it gave the best improvement of in-vitro clonal growth.
{"title":"Effects of Sucrose and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Survival of Local Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in vitro in Kenya","authors":"Felista Mutheu Makau, M. Mwangi, Maurice Edward Oyoo, A. M. Kibe, J. Oggema","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.372","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue culture techniques’ have become useful technologies for producing disease & pest free seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the developed world. However, these techniques have yet to be standardized for locally produced potato varieties in Kenya. Developing countries can also use these innovations for rapid multiplication of popular local seed material through rooted apical cuttings generated from either plantlets or micro tubers. In vitro experiments were therefore conducted to determine the optimum concentration of sucrose and gibberellic acid for growth and survival of local potato varieties, namely, Shangi, Unica and Wanjiku. The explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with sucrose at a concentration of 20, 30 and 40 gL-1, while gibberellic acid was applied at a concentration of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mgL-1. The study was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). MS Medium with sucrose 40 gL-1and gibberellic acid 0.5 mgL-1 significantly enhanced shoot length, with the longest shoot (10.3cm) being recorded for Wanjiku. The same treatment also gave the highest plant survival of 90%. Murashige and Skoog media, added with 0.5 mgL-1 gibberellic acid along with 40 gL-1 sucrose is recommended for generating wanjiku, unica and shangi apical rooted cuttings because it gave the best improvement of in-vitro clonal growth.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45888891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.295
Adrian Emmanuel Iglesias Reyes, María De Lourdes Juárez Mosqueda, Oscar Gutiérreez Pérez, Alda Rocío Ortíz Muñiz, Jesús Alberto Guevara González, Abel E. Villa Mancera, Armando Gómez Vázquez, Pedro Sánchez Aparicio, Carlos J. Bedolla Cedeño, A. Córdova Izquierdo
During seminal freezing, sperm undergo oxidative stress, reducing their motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. To prevent these damages, antioxidants have been added at the time of seminal freezing. The objective was to assess the antioxidant effect of the combination of α-tocopherol with quercetin, added to the diluent for the freezing of boar semen. The semen of boars of the Pietrain and York/Pietrain breeds was frozen in 0.5 ml straws, before freezing α-tocopherol in a concentration of 4 mg/ml (T1), quercetin in concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µM (T2, T3 and T4), α-tocopherol + Quercetin in concentrations of 4 mg/ml + 25 µM, 4 mg/ml+50 µM and 4 mg/ml + 100 µM (T5, T6 and T7) and the control group (T8) without antioxidant. The straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 7 days and thawed at 42 °C for 12 seconds. 5 repetitions were performed analyzing motility, viability, and NAR. the results were analyzed using a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement comparing the means with a Tukey test. The best percentage of motility was for T5, T4 and T1 with 39.44, 38.06 and 37.33%, respectively, there was a significant difference with T8; the best percentage of viability were T5 with 51.41%, there was a significant difference with T3 and T8; and the best NAR percentages were for T8 with 94.90%, with a significant difference for T1. In conclusion, the addition of α-tocopherol and quercetin separately or in combination protects the motility, viability, and NAR of spermatozoa from frozen-thawed boar semen.
{"title":"Effect of the Addition of α-Tocopherol and Quercetin as Antioxidants to the Diluent, in the Freezing of Boar Semen on Sperm Quality","authors":"Adrian Emmanuel Iglesias Reyes, María De Lourdes Juárez Mosqueda, Oscar Gutiérreez Pérez, Alda Rocío Ortíz Muñiz, Jesús Alberto Guevara González, Abel E. Villa Mancera, Armando Gómez Vázquez, Pedro Sánchez Aparicio, Carlos J. Bedolla Cedeño, A. Córdova Izquierdo","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.295","url":null,"abstract":"During seminal freezing, sperm undergo oxidative stress, reducing their motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. To prevent these damages, antioxidants have been added at the time of seminal freezing. The objective was to assess the antioxidant effect of the combination of α-tocopherol with quercetin, added to the diluent for the freezing of boar semen. The semen of boars of the Pietrain and York/Pietrain breeds was frozen in 0.5 ml straws, before freezing α-tocopherol in a concentration of 4 mg/ml (T1), quercetin in concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µM (T2, T3 and T4), α-tocopherol + Quercetin in concentrations of 4 mg/ml + 25 µM, 4 mg/ml+50 µM and 4 mg/ml + 100 µM (T5, T6 and T7) and the control group (T8) without antioxidant. The straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 7 days and thawed at 42 °C for 12 seconds. 5 repetitions were performed analyzing motility, viability, and NAR. the results were analyzed using a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement comparing the means with a Tukey test. The best percentage of motility was for T5, T4 and T1 with 39.44, 38.06 and 37.33%, respectively, there was a significant difference with T8; the best percentage of viability were T5 with 51.41%, there was a significant difference with T3 and T8; and the best NAR percentages were for T8 with 94.90%, with a significant difference for T1. In conclusion, the addition of α-tocopherol and quercetin separately or in combination protects the motility, viability, and NAR of spermatozoa from frozen-thawed boar semen.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48704739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.375
Mbagnick Faye, Dome Tine, F. Diouf, Adam Cissay, C. Faye
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. It is a real and rapid phenomenon which, perhaps, does not dramatically affect people today but will certainly have harmful effects on future generations. It has led to the weakening of ecosystems and accelerated the degradation of natural resources. This situation has prompted the scientific world to sound the alarm to warn of its environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study seeks to analyze the dynamics of land use in Djirnda municipality in climate change. A pixel-based classification approach and the maximum likelihood algorithm were retained. The data used concerns Landsat images from 1986, 2000 and 2015. The post-classification comparison method is used to detect changes in the classified images. The overall accuracy of the classifications gives satisfactory results with 90 % for 1986, 89 % for 2000 and 91 % for 2015 and a respective Kappa coefficient of 89 %, 85 % and 90 %. The results of land use dynamics revealed an increase in mangroves (1553.13 ha) and salt lands (957.15 ha), and a regression in water surface (- 458.64 ha) and mudflats (- 2051.64 ha).
{"title":"Climate Change and Land Use Dynamics in Djirnda Commune (Fatick Region - Senegal): Remote Sensing Approach","authors":"Mbagnick Faye, Dome Tine, F. Diouf, Adam Cissay, C. Faye","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.4.375","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. It is a real and rapid phenomenon which, perhaps, does not dramatically affect people today but will certainly have harmful effects on future generations. It has led to the weakening of ecosystems and accelerated the degradation of natural resources. This situation has prompted the scientific world to sound the alarm to warn of its environmental and socio-economic impacts.\u0000\u0000\u0000This study seeks to analyze the dynamics of land use in Djirnda municipality in climate change. A pixel-based classification approach and the maximum likelihood algorithm were retained. The data used concerns Landsat images from 1986, 2000 and 2015. The post-classification comparison method is used to detect changes in the classified images. The overall accuracy of the classifications gives satisfactory results with 90 % for 1986, 89 % for 2000 and 91 % for 2015 and a respective Kappa coefficient of 89 %, 85 % and 90 %. The results of land use dynamics revealed an increase in mangroves (1553.13 ha) and salt lands (957.15 ha), and a regression in water surface (- 458.64 ha) and mudflats (- 2051.64 ha).\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46145244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.363
A. Khalil, Hasan Abo Siam, Heba R. Al Naimi, Heba F. Alnimer, Amneh Alrabie
The genetic constitution and conformational state of living cells are characteristic of building, homeostasis, decay, and apoptosis. Genetic and morphological alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) may influence their survival and function. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation, if any, between the incidence of micronuclei (MN) formation in erythrocytes and their transformations from dissociates to echinocytes or echinocytosis. Two rodents models were exposed in vivo, at various doses and periods, to three environmental agents, physical (Radio Frequency Radiation, RFR), a phytochemical (plant extracts), and geological (Bentonite Nano-clay Particles, BNPs). Microscopic analysis of blood smears stained with Hematoxylin- Giemsa, compared to erythrocytes from unexposed animals, confirmed that the three environmental agents, after long-time exposure, significantly induced MN and increased percentage micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) as well as the rate of echinocytic transformation. Correlation analysis showed that there were good correlations between erythrocyte micronucleation and echinocytosis. The reason (s) behind this phenomenon is not fully clear at present. We believe that echinocytogenic factors may result in abnormal erythrocytes like echinocytes. The presented data could be an indication that cellular morphological changes may be related to alteration in the genome leading to a common pathway in apoptosis.
{"title":"Correlation between Erythrocytes Echinocytic Transformation and Micronucleation in Rodents Exposed to Selected Toxicants: A Preliminary","authors":"A. Khalil, Hasan Abo Siam, Heba R. Al Naimi, Heba F. Alnimer, Amneh Alrabie","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.363","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The genetic constitution and conformational state of living cells are characteristic of building, homeostasis, decay, and apoptosis. Genetic and morphological alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) may influence their survival and function. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation, if any, between the incidence of micronuclei (MN) formation in erythrocytes and their transformations from dissociates to echinocytes or echinocytosis. Two rodents models were exposed in vivo, at various doses and periods, to three environmental agents, physical (Radio Frequency Radiation, RFR), a phytochemical (plant extracts), and geological (Bentonite Nano-clay Particles, BNPs). Microscopic analysis of blood smears stained with Hematoxylin- Giemsa, compared to erythrocytes from unexposed animals, confirmed that the three environmental agents, after long-time exposure, significantly induced MN and increased percentage micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) as well as the rate of echinocytic transformation. Correlation analysis showed that there were good correlations between erythrocyte micronucleation and echinocytosis. The reason (s) behind this phenomenon is not fully clear at present. We believe that echinocytogenic factors may result in abnormal erythrocytes like echinocytes. The presented data could be an indication that cellular morphological changes may be related to alteration in the genome leading to a common pathway in apoptosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42217688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.371
T. Dlamini, Y. Assefa
The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), is one of the most economically important pests in shade houses. However, their identification is usually difficult, with them being easily confused with other thrips species. Accurate, rapid and reliable identification of insect pests is a crucial first step in implementing an efficacious management program. In this study the identity of F. occidentalis was verified, using molecular methods using the mtCOI gene sequences. Molecular analysis of thrips specimens collected from chrysanthemums and blueberries in the Western Cape Province, South Africa revealed the presence of Frankliniella. occidentalis and four other thrips species. Two of the five the specimens were F. occidentalis and one of the specimens was identified as Gynaikothrips ficorum. The remaining specimens were identified only to a generic level as Pseudophilothrips sp and to an ordinal level as Thrips sp. Failure to identify the two specimens to specific levels might have resulted from lack of sequences of identified thrips species in the molecular data bases. Considering the speed, specificity as well as sensitivity of the method, mtCOI sequences can be used as a swift and efficient method for western flower thrips identification and detection of new thrips pest invasion.
{"title":"Rapid Identification of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Shade Houses in Western Cape of South Africa","authors":"T. Dlamini, Y. Assefa","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.371","url":null,"abstract":"The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), is one of the most economically important pests in shade houses. However, their identification is usually difficult, with them being easily confused with other thrips species. Accurate, rapid and reliable identification of insect pests is a crucial first step in implementing an efficacious management program. In this study the identity of F. occidentalis was verified, using molecular methods using the mtCOI gene sequences. Molecular analysis of thrips specimens collected from chrysanthemums and blueberries in the Western Cape Province, South Africa revealed the presence of Frankliniella. occidentalis and four other thrips species. Two of the five the specimens were F. occidentalis and one of the specimens was identified as Gynaikothrips ficorum. The remaining specimens were identified only to a generic level as Pseudophilothrips sp and to an ordinal level as Thrips sp. Failure to identify the two specimens to specific levels might have resulted from lack of sequences of identified thrips species in the molecular data bases. Considering the speed, specificity as well as sensitivity of the method, mtCOI sequences can be used as a swift and efficient method for western flower thrips identification and detection of new thrips pest invasion.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42513277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.369
Marie Diana Earnshaw, Cyril Dlamini, Bongiwe Porri Dlamini, Y. Assefa
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi contaminating various food and feed crops. Exposure to mycotoxins has been associated with mycotoxicosis, which accounts for a high percentage of diseases in developing countries where methods of food handling and storage are inadequate. For the first time, this study determined the diversity, prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins across the beans value chain in Eswatini. A total of 226 beans samples received between 2001 and 2021 by mycotoxin laboratory at Malkerns research were analysed and more than 59.3% of the samples were found contaminated with mycotoxins. Results confirmed that aflatoxins (AFs) and Zearalenone (ZEN) were the main contaminating mycotoxins in beans. These mycotoxins occurred singly and co-occurred as mixtures in the samples analysed. Considerable differences regarding the prevalence of these mycotoxins were observed between samples from different beans value chain actors and between sampling years. Implications of the results on the pre and postharvest handling of beans in Eswatini and the health hazard that mycotoxins pose to humans and animals were discussed. The importance of clear and enforceable regulations on levels of mycotoxin in beans and other dietary products is emphasised and the need for research on the deleterious effects of mycotoxins and their metabolites on animal and human health is underlined.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mycotoxin Contaminations Across Beans Food Chain in Eswatini","authors":"Marie Diana Earnshaw, Cyril Dlamini, Bongiwe Porri Dlamini, Y. Assefa","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.369","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi contaminating various food and feed crops. Exposure to mycotoxins has been associated with mycotoxicosis, which accounts for a high percentage of diseases in developing countries where methods of food handling and storage are inadequate. For the first time, this study determined the diversity, prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins across the beans value chain in Eswatini. A total of 226 beans samples received between 2001 and 2021 by mycotoxin laboratory at Malkerns research were analysed and more than 59.3% of the samples were found contaminated with mycotoxins. Results confirmed that aflatoxins (AFs) and Zearalenone (ZEN) were the main contaminating mycotoxins in beans. These mycotoxins occurred singly and co-occurred as mixtures in the samples analysed. Considerable differences regarding the prevalence of these mycotoxins were observed between samples from different beans value chain actors and between sampling years. Implications of the results on the pre and postharvest handling of beans in Eswatini and the health hazard that mycotoxins pose to humans and animals were discussed. The importance of clear and enforceable regulations on levels of mycotoxin in beans and other dietary products is emphasised and the need for research on the deleterious effects of mycotoxins and their metabolites on animal and human health is underlined.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47883314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.367
Gerson L. M. Abreu, A. Loureiro, P. Soares, S. Felipe, R. M. Freitas, J. Alves, Luís H. P. Santos, V. Ceccatto
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a neuron network present in the digestive system. Intestinal tract anatomic differences and cellular composition in different animals can help with interaction with environmental comprehension, which is a pertinent theme in molecular and cellular neurophysiology. In mammals, ENS is not the same in all species; rodents, generally, are great models for digestive tract adaptation study in physiologic process and environmental adaptation interpretation. This study is a narrative overview that describes morphological and cellular composition characterization in rodent neural enteric systems. Interstitial Cajal cells structural characteristics; ENS embryonic cell; system adaptation mediated by fasting, acute and chronic starve; gestation and lactation; temperature and diet; parasitism and rodent caloric restriction were aborded. Seasonal or transitory changes in intestine size probably occur when connected to food quality than its availability. Changes in female intestine size are reversible and periodic, increasing during lactation rodent as an attractive model for digestive flexibility study in the intestine size adjustment area. Enteric nervous system neuron morphological classification is presented, according to digestive tract localization and animal species. In conclusion, a significant change in intestinal mass and length in different rodent species can implicate intestinal motility during and after intestinal tract injury.
{"title":"Composition and Adaptation of the Enteric Neural System in Laboratory Rodents: A Cellular Overview","authors":"Gerson L. M. Abreu, A. Loureiro, P. Soares, S. Felipe, R. M. Freitas, J. Alves, Luís H. P. Santos, V. Ceccatto","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.367","url":null,"abstract":"The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a neuron network present in the digestive system. Intestinal tract anatomic differences and cellular composition in different animals can help with interaction with environmental comprehension, which is a pertinent theme in molecular and cellular neurophysiology. In mammals, ENS is not the same in all species; rodents, generally, are great models for digestive tract adaptation study in physiologic process and environmental adaptation interpretation. This study is a narrative overview that describes morphological and cellular composition characterization in rodent neural enteric systems. Interstitial Cajal cells structural characteristics; ENS embryonic cell; system adaptation mediated by fasting, acute and chronic starve; gestation and lactation; temperature and diet; parasitism and rodent caloric restriction were aborded. Seasonal or transitory changes in intestine size probably occur when connected to food quality than its availability. Changes in female intestine size are reversible and periodic, increasing during lactation rodent as an attractive model for digestive flexibility study in the intestine size adjustment area. Enteric nervous system neuron morphological classification is presented, according to digestive tract localization and animal species. In conclusion, a significant change in intestinal mass and length in different rodent species can implicate intestinal motility during and after intestinal tract injury.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45078305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.354
A. Mbaiogaou, S. M. Betoloum, S. Mbaihougadobe, M. Naitormbaide, A. Adoum, Y. Mahmout
The seeds of Sorghum caudatum called red sorghum and Digitaria iburua called fonio were studied for their tannin contents. The tannin contents of these two species were evaluated by the reference method for sorghum tannins. The seed parts studied were the crushed seed set, the starch and the bran. The seeds of Sorghum caudatum and Digitaria iburua contained 1.663 mg EAG/100g P and 0.902 mg EAG/100g P, respectively. The tannin contents of Digitaria iburua and Sorghum caudatum brans are respectively 0.866 mg EAG/100g P and 0.922 mg EAG/100g P. Tannins were much more lodged in the bran part of these two species.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Tannin Content in Cereals Consumed in Chad: Sorghum caudatum and Digitaria iburua","authors":"A. Mbaiogaou, S. M. Betoloum, S. Mbaihougadobe, M. Naitormbaide, A. Adoum, Y. Mahmout","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.354","url":null,"abstract":"The seeds of Sorghum caudatum called red sorghum and Digitaria iburua called fonio were studied for their tannin contents. The tannin contents of these two species were evaluated by the reference method for sorghum tannins. The seed parts studied were the crushed seed set, the starch and the bran. The seeds of Sorghum caudatum and Digitaria iburua contained 1.663 mg EAG/100g P and 0.902 mg EAG/100g P, respectively. The tannin contents of Digitaria iburua and Sorghum caudatum brans are respectively 0.866 mg EAG/100g P and 0.922 mg EAG/100g P. Tannins were much more lodged in the bran part of these two species. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The study aimed to assess perception of the students about antibiotic consumption and the rise of antibiotic resistance with the view to developing an effective community engagement strategy for antimicrobial stewardship. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2020 to November 2020. The students from Dhaka City, Bangladesh were approached through social media to complete an online questionnaire containing self-identification data, knowledge about antibiotics, attitudes toward antibiotics, and antibiotic consumption. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of the 472 survey participants, 24.6% of participants identified antibiotic side effects as the worst outcome, while 74.2% were unaware of the antibiotics’ long-term impact on global health. Participants believe antimicrobial stewardship and legal disciplinary action against indiscriminate use of antibiotics are the best strategies for countering the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Conclusions: This study has identified knowledge gaps and misconceptions about antibiotic resistance and prevention. In these situations, academics must play a role in training students about the dangers of antibiotic misuse, gathering public opinion in support of effective policy making, and enforcing guidelines and regulations across the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries to prevent the spread of superbugs.
{"title":"Perception of Students on Antibiotic Resistance and Prevention: An Online, Community-Based Case Study from Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"S. Towhid, Md. Jubayer Hossain, Md. Atik Shariar Sammo, Sumona Akter","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study aimed to assess perception of the students about antibiotic consumption and the rise of antibiotic resistance with the view to developing an effective community engagement strategy for antimicrobial stewardship. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2020 to November 2020. The students from Dhaka City, Bangladesh were approached through social media to complete an online questionnaire containing self-identification data, knowledge about antibiotics, attitudes toward antibiotics, and antibiotic consumption. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. \u0000Results: Out of the 472 survey participants, 24.6% of participants identified antibiotic side effects as the worst outcome, while 74.2% were unaware of the antibiotics’ long-term impact on global health. Participants believe antimicrobial stewardship and legal disciplinary action against indiscriminate use of antibiotics are the best strategies for countering the spread of antimicrobial resistance. \u0000Conclusions: This study has identified knowledge gaps and misconceptions about antibiotic resistance and prevention. In these situations, academics must play a role in training students about the dangers of antibiotic misuse, gathering public opinion in support of effective policy making, and enforcing guidelines and regulations across the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries to prevent the spread of superbugs.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43581038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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