Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.4.518
Hilary Shoniwa, Baleseng Moseki
Senescence in plants is the last development phase, leading ultimately to the death of organs such as leaves, sepals, petals, and fruits. During senescence, internal factors and the environment play an important role in tightly controlled alterations at the molecular, cellular, biochemical, and physiological levels. However, leaves are programmed to perform the crucial task of nutrient remobilization. Remobilization of nutrients is a life strategy to supply nutrients to plant parts, such as leaf primordia, emerging new leaves, reproductive organs, or storage organs. This study focussed on how the J. curcas accessions in Southeast Botswana compared in their control of photoinhibition and photoprotective mechanisms of their senescing leaves as a life strategy. J. curcas accessions were raised in a field located in the Department of Agricultural Research, Sebele, Botswana (25° 56′ 37′′ E 24° 3′ 40′′ S). The accessions originated from several parts of the country: Tsamaya, from the north; Tabala, from the central region; and Tlokweng, from the southeast region. One of the accessions was obtained from Ghana. Seedlings were transplanted into the 0.5 ha field with a spacing of 2 m × 2 m in December 2011. Drip irrigation supplied 5 litres of water per week. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidants were studied. The onset of senescence triggered degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments with the consequent decline of photosynthesis. Reduction in the dark adapted Fv/Fm ratio pointed to increased photoinhibition. In early senescence, carotenoid levels decreased gradually and remained functional, allowing photoprotection through their dissipation of excess energy harmlessly as heat. Increased SOD and CAT activities implied increased ROS levels. SOD and CAT activities slowed down destruction by ROS, facilitating nutrient remobilisation. In conclusion, the degradation of the photosynthetic machinery of senescing leaves increases photoinhibition and photooxidation stress. Photoinhibition was more pronounced towards the end of senescence, while photoprotection was more pronounced earlier in senescence to prevent premature death of leaves during remobilization. Ghana and Tlokweng accessions exhibited stronger photoprotection mechanisms in early senescence, allowing nutrient remobilisation compared to the Tsamaya and Tlokweng accessions. Their higher anthocyanin levels in early senescence added to the photoprotective mechanisms in early senescence.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Jatropha curcas Accessions Control of Photoinhibition and Photoprotective Mechanisms in Senescing Leaves in a Semi-Arid Region Botswana","authors":"Hilary Shoniwa, Baleseng Moseki","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.4.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.4.518","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Senescence in plants is the last development phase, leading ultimately to the death of organs such as leaves, sepals, petals, and fruits. During senescence, internal factors and the environment play an important role in tightly controlled alterations at the molecular, cellular, biochemical, and physiological levels. However, leaves are programmed to perform the crucial task of nutrient remobilization. Remobilization of nutrients is a life strategy to supply nutrients to plant parts, such as leaf primordia, emerging new leaves, reproductive organs, or storage organs. This study focussed on how the J. curcas accessions in Southeast Botswana compared in their control of photoinhibition and photoprotective mechanisms of their senescing leaves as a life strategy. J. curcas accessions were raised in a field located in the Department of Agricultural Research, Sebele, Botswana (25° 56′ 37′′ E 24° 3′ 40′′ S). The accessions originated from several parts of the country: Tsamaya, from the north; Tabala, from the central region; and Tlokweng, from the southeast region. One of the accessions was obtained from Ghana. Seedlings were transplanted into the 0.5 ha field with a spacing of 2 m × 2 m in December 2011. Drip irrigation supplied 5 litres of water per week. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidants were studied. The onset of senescence triggered degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments with the consequent decline of photosynthesis. Reduction in the dark adapted Fv/Fm ratio pointed to increased photoinhibition. In early senescence, carotenoid levels decreased gradually and remained functional, allowing photoprotection through their dissipation of excess energy harmlessly as heat. Increased SOD and CAT activities implied increased ROS levels. SOD and CAT activities slowed down destruction by ROS, facilitating nutrient remobilisation. In conclusion, the degradation of the photosynthetic machinery of senescing leaves increases photoinhibition and photooxidation stress. Photoinhibition was more pronounced towards the end of senescence, while photoprotection was more pronounced earlier in senescence to prevent premature death of leaves during remobilization. Ghana and Tlokweng accessions exhibited stronger photoprotection mechanisms in early senescence, allowing nutrient remobilisation compared to the Tsamaya and Tlokweng accessions. Their higher anthocyanin levels in early senescence added to the photoprotective mechanisms in early senescence.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) has proven to be a highly robust, sensitive, and cost-effective method for detecting specific target nucleic acid sequences in a single-tube reaction without the need for sophisticated instruments. Traditionally, pH-sensitive dyes, DNA-binding dyes like Ethidium Bromide(EtBr), and SYBR have been employed to detect amplified products. However, these dyes present several drawbacks, limiting the widespread adoption of LAMP in diagnostic applications. To address this limitation, a novel dye called tinto rangTM has been introduced with promising applications in nucleic acid analysis. In this study, we present an evaluation of tinto rangTM's performance in comparison to commercially available dyes commonly used in LAMP assays. One of the unique advantages of tinto rangTM is its capability to facilitate the analysis of amplified nucleic acid products through three distinct methods: visual color change, changes in relative fluorescence, and turbidity. In addition to assessing tinto rangTM's performance, we also investigated various approaches to tackle the issue of non-specific amplification, which has been a common challenge in LAMP reactions. The experimental results unequivocally demonstrate that tinto rangTM outperforms pH-indicating and other DNA-binding dyes used in LAMP assays, making it a superior alternative. This study paves the way for the broader adoption of tinto rangTM in various applications, including point-of-care diagnostics, disease monitoring, and molecular biology research.
{"title":"Point-of-Care Molecular Testing with tinto rangTM: A Food Grade Safe Fluorophore for Colorimetric LAMP Assays at Low Resource Settings","authors":"Shikha Singh, Shakthi Shree Suresh, Fathima Benazir Jahangir","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.4.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.4.511","url":null,"abstract":"LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) has proven to be a highly robust, sensitive, and cost-effective method for detecting specific target nucleic acid sequences in a single-tube reaction without the need for sophisticated instruments. Traditionally, pH-sensitive dyes, DNA-binding dyes like Ethidium Bromide(EtBr), and SYBR have been employed to detect amplified products. However, these dyes present several drawbacks, limiting the widespread adoption of LAMP in diagnostic applications. \u0000To address this limitation, a novel dye called tinto rangTM has been introduced with promising applications in nucleic acid analysis. In this study, we present an evaluation of tinto rangTM's performance in comparison to commercially available dyes commonly used in LAMP assays. One of the unique advantages of tinto rangTM is its capability to facilitate the analysis of amplified nucleic acid products through three distinct methods: visual color change, changes in relative fluorescence, and turbidity. \u0000In addition to assessing tinto rangTM's performance, we also investigated various approaches to tackle the issue of non-specific amplification, which has been a common challenge in LAMP reactions. The experimental results unequivocally demonstrate that tinto rangTM outperforms pH-indicating and other DNA-binding dyes used in LAMP assays, making it a superior alternative. This study paves the way for the broader adoption of tinto rangTM in various applications, including point-of-care diagnostics, disease monitoring, and molecular biology research.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.3.510
Aseel Al-Musa, Marwan Al-Maqtoofi, Inaam M. N. Alrubayae, M. Altooma
A novel undiscovered fungal species was obtained from brackish environments located in Al-Faw city, situated in the southern region of Basrah, Iraq, through phylogenetic assessments of the ITS and TEF1α genomic regions. Sediment sample was collected from the seacoast of Al- Faw region and cultured on Potato carrot agar (PCA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA), then incubated at 25 °C for 14 days. It was ascertained that this species clustered within the genus Preussia. Subsequent in-depth examinations of its morphological and anatomical features corroborated its distinctiveness. This previously unknown species is introduced here as P. aseelix. One of its notable characteristics is the absence of a true fruiting body, which is replaced by an asexual state represented by pycnidia.
通过对 ITS 和 TEF1α 基因组区域进行系统发育评估，从位于伊拉克巴士拉南部地区 Al-Faw 市的咸水环境中获得了一种未被发现的新真菌物种。研究人员从法乌地区的海岸采集了沉积物样本，并将其放在马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂（PCA）和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）上培养，然后在 25 °C 下培养 14 天。结果表明，该物种属于 Preussia 属。随后对其形态和解剖特征的深入研究证实了其独特性。在此，我们将这一之前未知的物种命名为 P. aseelix。其显著特点之一是没有真正的子实体，取而代之的是以分生孢子器为代表的无性状态。
{"title":"New Species of Preussia from Sedimentary Cost in Basrah Province, Iraq","authors":"Aseel Al-Musa, Marwan Al-Maqtoofi, Inaam M. N. Alrubayae, M. Altooma","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.3.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.3.510","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A novel undiscovered fungal species was obtained from brackish environments located in Al-Faw city, situated in the southern region of Basrah, Iraq, through phylogenetic assessments of the ITS and TEF1α genomic regions. Sediment sample was collected from the seacoast of Al- Faw region and cultured on Potato carrot agar (PCA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA), then incubated at 25 °C for 14 days. It was ascertained that this species clustered within the genus Preussia. Subsequent in-depth examinations of its morphological and anatomical features corroborated its distinctiveness. This previously unknown species is introduced here as P. aseelix. One of its notable characteristics is the absence of a true fruiting body, which is replaced by an asexual state represented by pycnidia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":"123 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.3.507
Olga Maria de Silvério Carvalho
Scientific data has revealed the existence of lung gender differences and therefore sparked a renewed interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms and their effect in the healthy lung development and/or in pathological conditions. Elastic fibers have an important role in lung development during pre and post-natal stages, because a well-developed pulmonary elastic fibers favour pre-natal lung maturation and enhance alveolarization. Sexual differences studies on lung elastic fibers content are focused essentially on the post-natal stage, with scarce data on pre-natal lung development. Using an experimental mice model, we developed this research work to study gender differences in the lungs elastic fibers during gestational days E15-E19, using image analysis and elastin HPLC methodologies. Our results show significant sexual dimorphism in lung elastin and elastic fibers content pre-natal stage, which is more evident in the last two gestational days (E18 and E19). Female’s mice have more elastin and elastic fibers which could mean that the elastogenesis process begins earlier than males. These results are an important contributes to understand the underlying factors involved in physiology and lung development sexual difference.
{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism of Elastic Fibers in Prenatal Lung Mice","authors":"Olga Maria de Silvério Carvalho","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.3.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.3.507","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Scientific data has revealed the existence of lung gender differences and therefore sparked a renewed interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms and their effect in the healthy lung development and/or in pathological conditions. Elastic fibers have an important role in lung development during pre and post-natal stages, because a well-developed pulmonary elastic fibers favour pre-natal lung maturation and enhance alveolarization. Sexual differences studies on lung elastic fibers content are focused essentially on the post-natal stage, with scarce data on pre-natal lung development. Using an experimental mice model, we developed this research work to study gender differences in the lungs elastic fibers during gestational days E15-E19, using image analysis and elastin HPLC methodologies. Our results show significant sexual dimorphism in lung elastin and elastic fibers content pre-natal stage, which is more evident in the last two gestational days (E18 and E19). Female’s mice have more elastin and elastic fibers which could mean that the elastogenesis process begins earlier than males. These results are an important contributes to understand the underlying factors involved in physiology and lung development sexual difference.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":"100 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.2.503
H. Malkawi, Tarek Yehia Soliman Kapiel
Amidst escalating climate change and food insecurity concerns, exploring the potential of microbes offers a promising and sustainable solution. This review delves into the complex interplay between microbial communities and the dual challenge of environmental crisis and food security. Ubiquitous microorganisms – from bacteria to fungi and archaea – shape our planet's ecosystems, playing a crucial role in soil health, nutrient cycling, and plant-microbe interactions. This review dissects diverse microbial habitats, highlighting their remarkable adaptability to varied environments. It then underscores the reciprocal impacts of human-induced environmental changes on microbes and their habitats. Addressing these challenges, the review presents microbes as powerful allies in mitigating climate change. Their ability to sequester carbon, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance soil fertility is explored. Innovations like biofertilizers and biopesticides demonstrate the potential of microbial technologies to revolutionize agriculture and ensure global food security. Concluding, the review emphasizes the symbiotic link between microbes and sustainable food production. Microbial technologies can adapt agriculture to changing climate conditions, addressing water scarcity and enhancing soil moisture retention. Their potential to boost productivity in both traditional and precision agriculture under diverse climatic conditions is highlighted. This review calls for the urgent recognition and harnessing of microbial power for a sustainable future. Embracing microbial technologies not only fosters environmental stewardship but also paves the way for a resilient and resource-efficient agricultural future.
{"title":"Microbial Biotechnology: A Key Tool for Addressing Climate Change and Food Insecurity","authors":"H. Malkawi, Tarek Yehia Soliman Kapiel","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.2.503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.2.503","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst escalating climate change and food insecurity concerns, exploring the potential of microbes offers a promising and sustainable solution. This review delves into the complex interplay between microbial communities and the dual challenge of environmental crisis and food security. \u0000Ubiquitous microorganisms – from bacteria to fungi and archaea – shape our planet's ecosystems, playing a crucial role in soil health, nutrient cycling, and plant-microbe interactions. This review dissects diverse microbial habitats, highlighting their remarkable adaptability to varied environments. \u0000It then underscores the reciprocal impacts of human-induced environmental changes on microbes and their habitats. Addressing these challenges, the review presents microbes as powerful allies in mitigating climate change. Their ability to sequester carbon, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance soil fertility is explored. Innovations like biofertilizers and biopesticides demonstrate the potential of microbial technologies to revolutionize agriculture and ensure global food security. \u0000Concluding, the review emphasizes the symbiotic link between microbes and sustainable food production. Microbial technologies can adapt agriculture to changing climate conditions, addressing water scarcity and enhancing soil moisture retention. Their potential to boost productivity in both traditional and precision agriculture under diverse climatic conditions is highlighted. \u0000This review calls for the urgent recognition and harnessing of microbial power for a sustainable future. Embracing microbial technologies not only fosters environmental stewardship but also paves the way for a resilient and resource-efficient agricultural future.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":"95 1s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140395509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.1.497
O. N. Akomah-Abadaike, Grace Amaefula Elenwa
This research on isolation and identification of yam rot pathogen fungi from North central Nigeria was carried out to investigate some fungal species associated with yam rot using white yams (Dioscorea rotundata) obtained from Adamawa State, Benue State and Plateau State (Jos) Nigeria. Seven fungi species which cause yam rot were isolated during this study, namely: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium echinulatum, Penicilum purpurogenum, Trichoderma spp and Trichophyton spp. Trichoderma yunnanense strain RCBBR_GA1 OP8008361 was identified molecularly. Pathogenicity test carried out confirmed these organisms as the pathological agent of the rot. A. niger statistically has the highest frequency of occurrence (100%). The least encountered fungal species were the P. citrinum (16.6%), P. purpurogenum (33.3%) and Trichophyton spp (33.3). Percentage growth inihibition of A. flavus, A. niger, P. citrinum, P. echinulatum, P. purpurogenum, Trichoderma spp and Trichophyton spp was carried out and they showed varying degree of inhibition. However, Trichopyton spp shows the highest growth of inhibition at 96 hours (41.4%) and 120 hours (73.7%). Trichoderma exhibited the highest control of the isolates (80 mm). Trichoderma inhibited mycelia extension growth of A. flavus (25 mm), A. niger (25 mm), P. citrinum (23 mm), P. echinulatum (23 mm), P. purpurogenum (24 mm) and Trichopyton spp (22 mm) at 96 hours. The result shows that Trichoderma was able to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungi, which are associated with yam rot. Fungal isolates from yam rot were examined morphologically and microscopically and the nature of rot was varied. It is recommended that enzymes from Trichoderma should be extracted and applied for reduction of microbial rot of yam tubers.
{"title":"Molecular Profiling Ecofriendly Trichoderma Biological Control Agent of Yam Tuber Microbial Rot in Northern Nigeria","authors":"O. N. Akomah-Abadaike, Grace Amaefula Elenwa","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.1.497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2024.5.1.497","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This research on isolation and identification of yam rot pathogen fungi from North central Nigeria was carried out to investigate some fungal species associated with yam rot using white yams (Dioscorea rotundata) obtained from Adamawa State, Benue State and Plateau State (Jos) Nigeria. Seven fungi species which cause yam rot were isolated during this study, namely: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium echinulatum, Penicilum purpurogenum, Trichoderma spp and Trichophyton spp. Trichoderma yunnanense strain RCBBR_GA1 OP8008361 was identified molecularly. Pathogenicity test carried out confirmed these organisms as the pathological agent of the rot. A. niger statistically has the highest frequency of occurrence (100%). The least encountered fungal species were the P. citrinum (16.6%), P. purpurogenum (33.3%) and Trichophyton spp (33.3). Percentage growth inihibition of A. flavus, A. niger, P. citrinum, P. echinulatum, P. purpurogenum, Trichoderma spp and Trichophyton spp was carried out and they showed varying degree of inhibition. However, Trichopyton spp shows the highest growth of inhibition at 96 hours (41.4%) and 120 hours (73.7%). Trichoderma exhibited the highest control of the isolates (80 mm). Trichoderma inhibited mycelia extension growth of A. flavus (25 mm), A. niger (25 mm), P. citrinum (23 mm), P. echinulatum (23 mm), P. purpurogenum (24 mm) and Trichopyton spp (22 mm) at 96 hours. The result shows that Trichoderma was able to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungi, which are associated with yam rot. Fungal isolates from yam rot were examined morphologically and microscopically and the nature of rot was varied. It is recommended that enzymes from Trichoderma should be extracted and applied for reduction of microbial rot of yam tubers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":"123 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the in vivo Prophylactic and Suppressive antimalarial activities of a locally formulated herbal antimalarial therapy, dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on liver antioxidant profile of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Prophylactic assessment involved six groups (control, P. berghei infected, P. berghei infected and artesunate treated, P. berghei infected and oral treatment with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Musa paradisiaca leaf extract) using Prophylactic model. Another six groups following the same order was used for suppressive assessment using suppressive model. The rats were sacrificed on the 10th day, and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture for Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione and Malondialdehyde. Blood smears was evaluated microscopically for parasitaemia. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Catalase (umol/ml/mins) showed considerable variation in the control, P. berghei infected, and treatment groups; 24.62 ± 0.99, 10.04 ± 0.50, 23.97 ± 0.00 suppressive, and prophylaxis assessments respectively. The Glutathione Peroxidase (u/l) also showed significant decrease in the P. berghei infected group (205.22 ± 4.61) when compared with control 332.34 ± 0.64, and treatment groups 317.34 ± 0.00, 319.46 ± 0.64 and 317.76 ± 0.15 and 301.59 ± 0.00, 305.66 ± 1.36 and 309.45 ± 0.00 respectively (p < 0.05). Malondialdehye in the P. berghei infected group was increased 61.65 ± 1.72 when compared with the control and other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Protein (g/dl) decreased in the P. berghei infected group (10.22 ± 0.00) when compared to control and treatment groups (p < 0.05). The study showed that P. berghei elevated liver oxidation parameters while Musa paradisiaca leaf increased some antioxidants parameters, suggesting prophylasis and suppressive properties.
本研究评估了当地配制的草药抗疟疗法，干大蕉叶提取物(Musa paradisiaca)对感染伯氏疟原虫小鼠肝脏抗氧化谱的体内预防和抑制抗疟活性。采用预防模型进行预防评估，分为对照组、感染白僵菌组、感染白僵菌组和青蒿琥酯组、感染白僵菌组和口服250、500和1000 mg/kg天麻叶提取物组。另外6组按相同顺序进行抑制性评价，采用抑制性模型。第10天处死大鼠，穿刺取血检测过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽和丙二醛。显微镜下评价血涂片是否有寄生虫病。数据分析采用SPSS version 21。过氧化氢酶(umol/ml/min)在对照组、伯氏螺旋体感染组和治疗组有较大差异;抑制和预防评价分别为24.62±0.99、10.04±0.50、23.97±0.00。与对照组(332.34±0.64)和治疗组(317.34±0.00、319.46±0.64、317.76±0.15、301.59±0.00、305.66±1.36、309.45±0.00)相比，感染组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(u/l)(205.22±4.61)也显著降低(p <0.05)。柏氏螺旋体感染组丙二醛较对照组和其他治疗组升高61.65±1.72 (p <0.05)。与对照组和治疗组相比，伯氏螺旋体感染组蛋白(g/dl)降低(10.22±0.00)(p <0.05)。研究表明，柏氏柏氏菌提高了肝脏氧化参数，而天麻叶提高了部分抗氧化剂参数，表明其具有预防和抑制肝脏氧化的作用。
{"title":"Suppressive and Prophylaxis Activities of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Musa paradisiaca on Liver Antioxidant Profile of Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice","authors":"Ibitoroko Maureen George-Opuda, Adebayo Olugbenga Adegoke, Othuke Bensandy Odeghe, Abimbola Temitayo Awopeju, Kemzi Nosike Elechi-Amadi, Olugbenga Emmanuel Bamigbowu","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.4.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.4.467","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the in vivo Prophylactic and Suppressive antimalarial activities of a locally formulated herbal antimalarial therapy, dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on liver antioxidant profile of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Prophylactic assessment involved six groups (control, P. berghei infected, P. berghei infected and artesunate treated, P. berghei infected and oral treatment with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Musa paradisiaca leaf extract) using Prophylactic model. Another six groups following the same order was used for suppressive assessment using suppressive model. The rats were sacrificed on the 10th day, and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture for Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione and Malondialdehyde. Blood smears was evaluated microscopically for parasitaemia. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Catalase (umol/ml/mins) showed considerable variation in the control, P. berghei infected, and treatment groups; 24.62 ± 0.99, 10.04 ± 0.50, 23.97 ± 0.00 suppressive, and prophylaxis assessments respectively. The Glutathione Peroxidase (u/l) also showed significant decrease in the P. berghei infected group (205.22 ± 4.61) when compared with control 332.34 ± 0.64, and treatment groups 317.34 ± 0.00, 319.46 ± 0.64 and 317.76 ± 0.15 and 301.59 ± 0.00, 305.66 ± 1.36 and 309.45 ± 0.00 respectively (p < 0.05). Malondialdehye in the P. berghei infected group was increased 61.65 ± 1.72 when compared with the control and other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Protein (g/dl) decreased in the P. berghei infected group (10.22 ± 0.00) when compared to control and treatment groups (p < 0.05). The study showed that P. berghei elevated liver oxidation parameters while Musa paradisiaca leaf increased some antioxidants parameters, suggesting prophylasis and suppressive properties.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tannases or Tannin acyl hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.20) are a family of esterases that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds present in hydrolyzable tannins to release gallic acid. Industrial applications of tannase in food, brewing, chemical, pharmaceutical, and bioremediation, have made it one of the most important enzymes in research. The aim of the present study focused on the degradation of tannic acid by novel bacterial tannase isolated from slaughterhouse waste-enriched soil. Soil containing ruminant microflora is cultured on MSM containing tannic acid. Among four bacterial isolates, a potent strain was cultivated for identification which are then analysed for biochemical characterization and physiological characterization. Bacteria use tannic acid as the sole carbon source for growth and showed maximum growth at 0.6%. The morphology of the isolate shows that it contains gram-negative rods that are nonmotile and capsulated. Based on 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was confirmed as Enterobacter hormaechei Z8b-60. Tannase production from bacteria was confirmed by a novel, sensitive plate assay by observing the zone of clearance around colonies and also by dye binding method using methyl gallate as substrate. During the study, TLC and HPLC were performed to analyze the accumulated gallic acid and other metabolites. Intracellular tannase production amplified from 14.98 U/mL to 102.7 U/mL as tannic acid concentration increases from 0.4% to 1.0%, respectively.
{"title":"Enterobacter hormaechei Z8b-60: A Tannin Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Slaughterhouse Waste","authors":"Sharadamma Narayanaswamy, Lekhana Hanumegowda, Jayashree Sadhasivam, Nagesh Babu Rangappa","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.3.484","url":null,"abstract":"Tannases or Tannin acyl hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.20) are a family of esterases that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds present in hydrolyzable tannins to release gallic acid. Industrial applications of tannase in food, brewing, chemical, pharmaceutical, and bioremediation, have made it one of the most important enzymes in research. The aim of the present study focused on the degradation of tannic acid by novel bacterial tannase isolated from slaughterhouse waste-enriched soil. Soil containing ruminant microflora is cultured on MSM containing tannic acid. Among four bacterial isolates, a potent strain was cultivated for identification which are then analysed for biochemical characterization and physiological characterization. Bacteria use tannic acid as the sole carbon source for growth and showed maximum growth at 0.6%. The morphology of the isolate shows that it contains gram-negative rods that are nonmotile and capsulated. Based on 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was confirmed as Enterobacter hormaechei Z8b-60. Tannase production from bacteria was confirmed by a novel, sensitive plate assay by observing the zone of clearance around colonies and also by dye binding method using methyl gallate as substrate. During the study, TLC and HPLC were performed to analyze the accumulated gallic acid and other metabolites. Intracellular tannase production amplified from 14.98 U/mL to 102.7 U/mL as tannic acid concentration increases from 0.4% to 1.0%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135665857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The legume Phaseolus lunatus production is hindered by pest infestation which may have reduced its quality and quantity. To this effect, pesticides come into play to kill these pests. The purpose of the study was to determine how various preservatives affected the biochemistry of male albino rats. Exactly 36 male albino rats of 200-250 g were grouped into six. They were fed with a dietary intervention for 8 weeks with 4 different methods of selected preserved diets. The groups are Group 1 (normal control) was rats administered only feed and water. Group 2 (blank) was rats administered only Phaseolus lunatus without preservative. Group 3 was rats administered feeds + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with aluminium phosphide. Group 4 was rats administered feeds + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with pepper. Group 5 was rats administered feed + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with dichlorvos. Group 6 was rats administered feed + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with wood ash. The result showed significant increase in AST and ALT of lima beans preserved with pepper (23.67±2.47c) (15.38±1.55a) P<0.01 and ash (34.51 2.04d) (15.12±3.10a) P<0.001, respectively. When albino rats were given beans preserved in ash, their CRP levels increased noticeably P<0.05 (69.94±1.64b) (62.97±5.30a). PCV and platelet levels in albino rats given lima beans preserved with ash significantly decreased P< 0.01 (39.00±1.00c) (49.92±5.48a) and P<0.001 (95.54±3.45d) (213.31±32.31a), respectively. The majority of renal function metrics show considerable increases. In conclusion, the study revealed the alteration in the biochemical parameters of the albino rats after consumption of the preserved beans, this may indicate cellular damage.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Biochemical Effects of Natural and Synthetic Pesticides on Preserved Phaseolus lunatus in Male Albino Rats","authors":"Chibuzor Caroline Nweze, Titilayo Oluwayemisi Bamidele, Bawa Yusuf Muhammad, Bisola Lateefat Adedipe, Wandoo Tseaa, Eneh William Nebechukwu, Rahima Yunusa, Happy Abimiku Manasseh","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.4.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.4.465","url":null,"abstract":"The legume Phaseolus lunatus production is hindered by pest infestation which may have reduced its quality and quantity. To this effect, pesticides come into play to kill these pests. The purpose of the study was to determine how various preservatives affected the biochemistry of male albino rats. Exactly 36 male albino rats of 200-250 g were grouped into six. They were fed with a dietary intervention for 8 weeks with 4 different methods of selected preserved diets. The groups are Group 1 (normal control) was rats administered only feed and water. Group 2 (blank) was rats administered only Phaseolus lunatus without preservative. Group 3 was rats administered feeds + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with aluminium phosphide. Group 4 was rats administered feeds + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with pepper. Group 5 was rats administered feed + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with dichlorvos. Group 6 was rats administered feed + Phaseolus lunatus preserved with wood ash. The result showed significant increase in AST and ALT of lima beans preserved with pepper (23.67±2.47c) (15.38±1.55a) P<0.01 and ash (34.51 2.04d) (15.12±3.10a) P<0.001, respectively. When albino rats were given beans preserved in ash, their CRP levels increased noticeably P<0.05 (69.94±1.64b) (62.97±5.30a). PCV and platelet levels in albino rats given lima beans preserved with ash significantly decreased P< 0.01 (39.00±1.00c) (49.92±5.48a) and P<0.001 (95.54±3.45d) (213.31±32.31a), respectively. The majority of renal function metrics show considerable increases. In conclusion, the study revealed the alteration in the biochemical parameters of the albino rats after consumption of the preserved beans, this may indicate cellular damage.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":"42 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.4.472
Soumia Nachate, Hind Zrikem, Fayrouz Debbagh, S. Chellak, A. Boukhira
The Atellica® CH 930 is a new biochemistry analyzer recently introduced to the world market. This study aims to compare the Atellica® CH 930 analyzer to the Architect® ci4100 analyzer for measurement of serum aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase concentrations. A total of 112 sera were tested on the Architect® ci4100 and the Atellica® CH 930 analyzers for ALT and AST activities, and the results were compared using the paired Student's t-test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, Passing-Bablok regression analysis, and Bland–Altman plots. There was no significant difference between the means of the ALT and AST concentrations measured using the two instruments (p = 0.659 and p = 0.506, respectively). For ALT, the Passing-Bablok equation was Atellica=1.11 ×Architect -0.96, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. For AST, it was Atellica=1.08 ×Architect -0.50, with r = 0.998. According to Bland-Altman plots, the mean difference between both methods was 2.3 IU/L (4.3%) for ALT and 2.1 IU/L (5.8%) for AST, with 95.53% and 96.43% of points within the interval [0 ± 1.96 × SD], respectively. These findings demonstrated that the Atellica® CH 930 and Architect® ci4100 methods had an overall good agreement in aminotransferase measurement.
{"title":"Aminotransferase Activity Measurement on The Atellica® CH 930 and The Architect® ci4100","authors":"Soumia Nachate, Hind Zrikem, Fayrouz Debbagh, S. Chellak, A. Boukhira","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.4.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2023.4.4.472","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Atellica® CH 930 is a new biochemistry analyzer recently introduced to the world market. This study aims to compare the Atellica® CH 930 analyzer to the Architect® ci4100 analyzer for measurement of serum aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase concentrations. A total of 112 sera were tested on the Architect® ci4100 and the Atellica® CH 930 analyzers for ALT and AST activities, and the results were compared using the paired Student's t-test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, Passing-Bablok regression analysis, and Bland–Altman plots. There was no significant difference between the means of the ALT and AST concentrations measured using the two instruments (p = 0.659 and p = 0.506, respectively). For ALT, the Passing-Bablok equation was Atellica=1.11 ×Architect -0.96, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. For AST, it was Atellica=1.08 ×Architect -0.50, with r = 0.998. According to Bland-Altman plots, the mean difference between both methods was 2.3 IU/L (4.3%) for ALT and 2.1 IU/L (5.8%) for AST, with 95.53% and 96.43% of points within the interval [0 ± 1.96 × SD], respectively. These findings demonstrated that the Atellica® CH 930 and Architect® ci4100 methods had an overall good agreement in aminotransferase measurement.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49561834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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