Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.2.332
Alejandro Esquivel Álvarez, Elías Quesada Morales, María Paz Villegas Calero, Daniela Matarrita Brenes, M. F. Rojas Salas, German Madrigal Redondo, Marianela Chavarría Rojas, Eleaneth Baltodano Viales
The CRISPR-Cas system discovered in the eighties consists of a series of RNA proteins that signal and messengers of the immune system in prokaryotic organisms to protect against invading antigens of various sources. After the CRISPR-Cas discovery, many research advances were made in the following decades regarding knowledge, techniques, and applications. This showed the system could edit the DNA in an exact and specific manner, which made it very promising to exploit it in various fields, such as the therapeutic field. New therapies of various diseases, industrial applications, food manufacturing, among others, make its impact quite relevant. The following review will focus on the fundamental understanding and implications of CRISPR-Cas techniques has with an ethical and legal view. In addition, to explore some of the applications present and future in the healthcare department, some methods of drug delivery in gene therapy, and new research that is being developed with the CRISPR-Cas technology.
{"title":"CRISPR-Cas Technology, the Tool of the Future","authors":"Alejandro Esquivel Álvarez, Elías Quesada Morales, María Paz Villegas Calero, Daniela Matarrita Brenes, M. F. Rojas Salas, German Madrigal Redondo, Marianela Chavarría Rojas, Eleaneth Baltodano Viales","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.2.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.2.332","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR-Cas system discovered in the eighties consists of a series of RNA proteins that signal and messengers of the immune system in prokaryotic organisms to protect against invading antigens of various sources. After the CRISPR-Cas discovery, many research advances were made in the following decades regarding knowledge, techniques, and applications. This showed the system could edit the DNA in an exact and specific manner, which made it very promising to exploit it in various fields, such as the therapeutic field. New therapies of various diseases, industrial applications, food manufacturing, among others, make its impact quite relevant. The following review will focus on the fundamental understanding and implications of CRISPR-Cas techniques has with an ethical and legal view. In addition, to explore some of the applications present and future in the healthcare department, some methods of drug delivery in gene therapy, and new research that is being developed with the CRISPR-Cas technology.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41605124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.2.334
Z. A. Awan, M. Saleem, Lubna Akhlaq Khan, A. Imran
The current study was designed to investigate the effect of shoot apex removal on the growth and yield attributes of the cotton crop. A field experiment was conducted in the cotton-growing season (2020-2021) at Muzaffargarh, district of South Punjab. The field trial was comprised of two acres of land where one acre of land was considered as treatment (cotton plants with shoot apex removal) and the other acre of land served as a control plot (cotton plants without shoot apex removal). The data were collected fortnightly (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th times) from the randomly selected cotton plants (n=50) from the treated and control plot after fifteen days of treatment (shoot apex removal). The data were comprised of vegetative parameters (i.e., plant height, no. of nodes and leaves), reproductive parameters (i.e., no. of squares, flowers, immature/mature bolls, the opening of bolls and boll weight) and cotton fiber quality parameters [i.e., fiber length, strength, finesse and GOT (ginning outturn)]. Descriptive analysis was employed on all data recorded through an independent two-sample t-test to evaluate the positive effect of shoot apex removal in cotton production. Our results indicated that after removing the top shoot of the cotton plants, greater effects had started to occur in the treated plants such as vegetative growth had become significantly (at p≤0.001) slow down and reproductive growth considerably (at p≤0.01) enhanced. Besides, removal of the shoot apex in cotton plants has developed resistance against the sucking pest i.e., pink bollworm infestation significantly reduced by 50% and whitefly population has lessened by 11%. The results also indicated that this treatment significantly augmented (at p≤0.01) the boll weight by 12%, as well as improved the cotton fiber length, strength and fineness by 7% as compared to the normal cotton plant. It was concluded that shoot apex removal caused cotton plants to produce numerous lateral shoots to develop more branches to carry more cotton bolls on them eventually significantly enhancing the cotton yield by 13% (18 monds acre-1) as compared to the control plot. It can be suggested that the practical implementation of removing the shoot apex of the cotton plant would act as a promising technique to enhance the cotton yield.
{"title":"Effects of Shoot Apex Removal on Growth and Yield Attributes of Cotton","authors":"Z. A. Awan, M. Saleem, Lubna Akhlaq Khan, A. Imran","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.2.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.2.334","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was designed to investigate the effect of shoot apex removal on the growth and yield attributes of the cotton crop. A field experiment was conducted in the cotton-growing season (2020-2021) at Muzaffargarh, district of South Punjab. The field trial was comprised of two acres of land where one acre of land was considered as treatment (cotton plants with shoot apex removal) and the other acre of land served as a control plot (cotton plants without shoot apex removal). The data were collected fortnightly (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th times) from the randomly selected cotton plants (n=50) from the treated and control plot after fifteen days of treatment (shoot apex removal). The data were comprised of vegetative parameters (i.e., plant height, no. of nodes and leaves), reproductive parameters (i.e., no. of squares, flowers, immature/mature bolls, the opening of bolls and boll weight) and cotton fiber quality parameters [i.e., fiber length, strength, finesse and GOT (ginning outturn)]. Descriptive analysis was employed on all data recorded through an independent two-sample t-test to evaluate the positive effect of shoot apex removal in cotton production. Our results indicated that after removing the top shoot of the cotton plants, greater effects had started to occur in the treated plants such as vegetative growth had become significantly (at p≤0.001) slow down and reproductive growth considerably (at p≤0.01) enhanced. Besides, removal of the shoot apex in cotton plants has developed resistance against the sucking pest i.e., pink bollworm infestation significantly reduced by 50% and whitefly population has lessened by 11%. The results also indicated that this treatment significantly augmented (at p≤0.01) the boll weight by 12%, as well as improved the cotton fiber length, strength and fineness by 7% as compared to the normal cotton plant. It was concluded that shoot apex removal caused cotton plants to produce numerous lateral shoots to develop more branches to carry more cotton bolls on them eventually significantly enhancing the cotton yield by 13% (18 monds acre-1) as compared to the control plot. It can be suggested that the practical implementation of removing the shoot apex of the cotton plant would act as a promising technique to enhance the cotton yield.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45261828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.330
A. Mohamed, Dina A. El-Amir, Usama A. A. Radwan, M. El-Sayed
Compositae family is not just an extensive family, but, as expected, a different family. Senecio genus is the biggest genus in the family. In the present study, a phytochemical screening of main secondary metabolites present in S. glaucus extracts has been done. In addition to, the antimicrobial, antioxidant and reducing power activity have been measured.
{"title":"Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Senecio glaucus subsp. coronopifolius","authors":"A. Mohamed, Dina A. El-Amir, Usama A. A. Radwan, M. El-Sayed","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.330","url":null,"abstract":"Compositae family is not just an extensive family, but, as expected, a different family. Senecio genus is the biggest genus in the family. In the present study, a phytochemical screening of main secondary metabolites present in S. glaucus extracts has been done. In addition to, the antimicrobial, antioxidant and reducing power activity have been measured.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49333938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.325
Doriane E. Djeussi, J. A. Noumedem Kenfack, Christelle Noumedem Anangmo, S. R. Simeni Njonnou, C. Ngongang Ouankou, I. B. Yossa Nzeuwa, C. Yamssi, François Zambou Ngoufack, J. Kuiaté, V. Kuete
Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of extracts from four vegetables namely: Beta vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, and two varieties (red and green) of Brassica oleracea. Method: The antioxidant properties of these extracts were assessed using five different methods including 2,2-diphényl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitrogen Oxyde (NO), total reducing power, total phenolic and flavonoids content. Results: All the four vegetable extracts showed free radical-scavenging activity against DPPH· with RSa50 (Radical scavenging activity 50) ranging between 129.77 and 323.64 µg/ml, and inhibitory activity against NO radical (RSa50 ranging from 1454,52 to 4479,97 µg/ml). The four vegetable extracts also showed total reducing powers ranging between 2.41 and 9.37 AAE (mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract). These antioxidant activities can be justified by the presence of different antioxidant compounds like total phenol contents which were present in all studied vegetable extracts with quantities varying between 4.37 and 11.83 GAE (mg of garlic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract) of dry extract, or flavonoids which were also present in all the plants with total contents ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 RE (rutin equivalents per gram of dried extract). Conclusion: The different antioxidant activities demonstrated in this study provide scientific evidence that some vegetables commonly consumed in Cameroon including B. oleracea, R. sativus and B. vulgaris can serve as a dietary supplement or in preventive medicine in the management of oxidative stress and associated pathologies.
{"title":"Radical Scavenging Activities, Total Reducing Power, Total Phenolic and Flavonoids Contents of Four Common Vegetables","authors":"Doriane E. Djeussi, J. A. Noumedem Kenfack, Christelle Noumedem Anangmo, S. R. Simeni Njonnou, C. Ngongang Ouankou, I. B. Yossa Nzeuwa, C. Yamssi, François Zambou Ngoufack, J. Kuiaté, V. Kuete","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.325","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of extracts from four vegetables namely: Beta vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, and two varieties (red and green) of Brassica oleracea. \u0000Method: The antioxidant properties of these extracts were assessed using five different methods including 2,2-diphényl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitrogen Oxyde (NO), total reducing power, total phenolic and flavonoids content. \u0000Results: All the four vegetable extracts showed free radical-scavenging activity against DPPH· with RSa50 (Radical scavenging activity 50) ranging between 129.77 and 323.64 µg/ml, and inhibitory activity against NO radical (RSa50 ranging from 1454,52 to 4479,97 µg/ml). The four vegetable extracts also showed total reducing powers ranging between 2.41 and 9.37 AAE (mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract). These antioxidant activities can be justified by the presence of different antioxidant compounds like total phenol contents which were present in all studied vegetable extracts with quantities varying between 4.37 and 11.83 GAE (mg of garlic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract) of dry extract, or flavonoids which were also present in all the plants with total contents ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 RE (rutin equivalents per gram of dried extract). \u0000Conclusion: The different antioxidant activities demonstrated in this study provide scientific evidence that some vegetables commonly consumed in Cameroon including B. oleracea, R. sativus and B. vulgaris can serve as a dietary supplement or in preventive medicine in the management of oxidative stress and associated pathologies. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45664095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.322
Krishnamurthi Saraswathi Shrikanth, A. Parida, K. P. Girivasan
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects plant growth and productivity. To cope with salt stress, plants express large number of salt responsive genes and proteins that are involved in a wide range of cellular functions. In the present study, halophytic plant Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. were hydroponically exposed to NaCl for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind salinity tolerance using PCR-based Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). Two cDNA subtraction libraries were constructed between Suaeda maritima X Sesuvium portulacastrum and Suaeda maritima X Salicornia brachiata to identify differentially expressed genes from leaves exposed to 200mM NaCl treatment for 14 days. A total of 224 clones from both libraries were assembled into 109 unique-ESTs grouped into different functional categories. Based on GO functional annotation, the expressed sequences like Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein1, AARF domain-containing kinase protein, V-type proton ATPase subunitd2, RMD5 homologA, and ABC transporter G35 that are involved in photosynthesis, cellular transport, cell rescue and defense, polyubiquitination and secondary metabolism played a significant role implying a complex response to salt in S. maritima. This is the first report that SSH could facilitate screening across species and family specific identification of salt responsive genes provides insight into biological mechanisms underlying salinity response.
{"title":"Differentially Expressed Long-Term Salinity Responsive Sequences in Halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort","authors":"Krishnamurthi Saraswathi Shrikanth, A. Parida, K. P. Girivasan","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.322","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects plant growth and productivity. To cope with salt stress, plants express large number of salt responsive genes and proteins that are involved in a wide range of cellular functions. In the present study, halophytic plant Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. were hydroponically exposed to NaCl for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind salinity tolerance using PCR-based Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). Two cDNA subtraction libraries were constructed between Suaeda maritima X Sesuvium portulacastrum and Suaeda maritima X Salicornia brachiata to identify differentially expressed genes from leaves exposed to 200mM NaCl treatment for 14 days. A total of 224 clones from both libraries were assembled into 109 unique-ESTs grouped into different functional categories. Based on GO functional annotation, the expressed sequences like Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein1, AARF domain-containing kinase protein, V-type proton ATPase subunitd2, RMD5 homologA, and ABC transporter G35 that are involved in photosynthesis, cellular transport, cell rescue and defense, polyubiquitination and secondary metabolism played a significant role implying a complex response to salt in S. maritima. This is the first report that SSH could facilitate screening across species and family specific identification of salt responsive genes provides insight into biological mechanisms underlying salinity response.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42908373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.331
Rikky Dwiyanto Sulistyo
Epilepsy is a non-communicable brain disorder characterized by an individual's proclivity for spontaneous epileptic seizures. Epilepsy may be classified into six types: genetic, structural, metabolic, infectious, immune-related, and unexplained causes. Numerous current findings have shown evidence that an imbalance in the gut microbiota is a cause of epilepsy. Between the gut microbiota and the brain systems, there are five putative communication pathways. The neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, intestinal bacteria's production of neurotransmitters, the intestinal immune system, and the relationship between the intestinal mucosal barrier and the blood-brain barrier are among them. Future epilepsy interventions might include modifications of antiepileptic medications, a ketogenic diet, and probiotics as a possible treatment in the gut flora. However, further research is required to assess long-term therapeutic benefits.
{"title":"The Gut Microbiota in Epilepsy: Current Concepts of Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutics","authors":"Rikky Dwiyanto Sulistyo","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.331","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a non-communicable brain disorder characterized by an individual's proclivity for spontaneous epileptic seizures. Epilepsy may be classified into six types: genetic, structural, metabolic, infectious, immune-related, and unexplained causes. Numerous current findings have shown evidence that an imbalance in the gut microbiota is a cause of epilepsy. Between the gut microbiota and the brain systems, there are five putative communication pathways. The neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, intestinal bacteria's production of neurotransmitters, the intestinal immune system, and the relationship between the intestinal mucosal barrier and the blood-brain barrier are among them. Future epilepsy interventions might include modifications of antiepileptic medications, a ketogenic diet, and probiotics as a possible treatment in the gut flora. However, further research is required to assess long-term therapeutic benefits.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46738196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.309
Abubaker M Hamad, R. Sidahmed, N. S. Haj Mukhtar, Helal G. Alanazi, H. Ahmed
Breast cancer is a real problem in Sudan. Onset at early age, presentation with late stage, and limited resources are characterizing national context of breast cancer in Sudan. Histopathology and cytology of breast cancer serve as tool to expand knowledge in order to improve prevention, management and quality of breast cancer patient life. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Sudanese patients and to investigate the association of BRCA1and BRCA2 genes with clinicopathological features in Sudanese patients with breast cancer. Histopathological procedures were used for preparation of histopathological slides from the tissue blocks from 179 breast cancer patients. One histopathological slide from diseased tissue and another from normal adjacent tissue were used; the normal tissue and the diseased tissue investigated with H&E stain and molecular biology PCR method on DNA extracted from tissue was used to assess BRCA1 and BRCA2 status. Average age was 41-50 years. Most of cases were females (174 cases) and few males (5cases). Most of cases present were ductal (150 cases) in the latter stage (Grade III, 69 cases). Also, most of cases had no lymph node metastasis (161cases). Statistically, there is significant difference in mutations frequency between diseased breast cancer tissue and normal adjacent tissue in regarding for BRCA1 and BRCA2 under investigation (P-value=0.000 for the two parameters). Statistically, we found strong significant correlation between the mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2. BRCA1 and BRCA2 had significant correlation with tumor grade; BRCA1 (P-value=0.009), BRCA2 (P-value=0.024). The results showed that there is no significant correlation between BRCA1 mutation in the diseased tissue and all the following: sex (P = 0.288), the age group (P = 0.918), the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.971), and the histological site of the breast lesion (P = 0.943). Also, there is no significant correlation between BRCA2 mutation in the diseased tissue and all the following: sex (P = 0.070), the age group (P = 0.758), the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.544), and the histological site of the breast lesion (P = 0.103). BRCA1 and BRCA2 can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, they related to aggressive form of breast cancer specially BRCA2. We recommend for national extensive program of awareness and screening for breast cancer for all Sudanese population along with establishing dataset portal for all cancers to be available for researchers freely.
{"title":"Status and Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation with Clinicopathological Features in Sudanese Patients with Breast Cancer","authors":"Abubaker M Hamad, R. Sidahmed, N. S. Haj Mukhtar, Helal G. Alanazi, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.309","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a real problem in Sudan. Onset at early age, presentation with late stage, and limited resources are characterizing national context of breast cancer in Sudan. Histopathology and cytology of breast cancer serve as tool to expand knowledge in order to improve prevention, management and quality of breast cancer patient life. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Sudanese patients and to investigate the association of BRCA1and BRCA2 genes with clinicopathological features in Sudanese patients with breast cancer. Histopathological procedures were used for preparation of histopathological slides from the tissue blocks from 179 breast cancer patients. One histopathological slide from diseased tissue and another from normal adjacent tissue were used; the normal tissue and the diseased tissue investigated with H&E stain and molecular biology PCR method on DNA extracted from tissue was used to assess BRCA1 and BRCA2 status. Average age was 41-50 years. Most of cases were females (174 cases) and few males (5cases). Most of cases present were ductal (150 cases) in the latter stage (Grade III, 69 cases). Also, most of cases had no lymph node metastasis (161cases). Statistically, there is significant difference in mutations frequency between diseased breast cancer tissue and normal adjacent tissue in regarding for BRCA1 and BRCA2 under investigation (P-value=0.000 for the two parameters). Statistically, we found strong significant correlation between the mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2. BRCA1 and BRCA2 had significant correlation with tumor grade; BRCA1 (P-value=0.009), BRCA2 (P-value=0.024). The results showed that there is no significant correlation between BRCA1 mutation in the diseased tissue and all the following: sex (P = 0.288), the age group (P = 0.918), the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.971), and the histological site of the breast lesion (P = 0.943). Also, there is no significant correlation between BRCA2 mutation in the diseased tissue and all the following: sex (P = 0.070), the age group (P = 0.758), the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.544), and the histological site of the breast lesion (P = 0.103). BRCA1 and BRCA2 can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, they related to aggressive form of breast cancer specially BRCA2. We recommend for national extensive program of awareness and screening for breast cancer for all Sudanese population along with establishing dataset portal for all cancers to be available for researchers freely.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43868761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.319
M. Lenzi, D. Vani, M. Leporatti Persiano, P. Tomassetti
In a non-tidal Mediterranean lagoon, quality and quantity of the zoobenthic communities present in a vast high-density mat of Chaetomorpha linum and the biomass and standing crops of the same mat were estimated seasonally between 2017 and and 2019. The quantity of zoobentos that developed in the mat was very high, with numbers of individuals between 760 ± 397 and 1135 ± 277 per kg of alga, in winter and early summer, respectively. The most abundant species in all seasons were those of gammarids and isopods, while blooms of bivalves and the anemone Paranemonia cinerea were occasionally observed. C. linum mat showed high potential for the growth of some species of zoobenthos, but most of these decayed during the summer environmental criticalities of the lagoon and the partial decay of the mat.
{"title":"Zoobenthic Communities of a High-Density Mat of the Chlorophyta Chaetomorpha linum, in a Hypertrophic Lagoon","authors":"M. Lenzi, D. Vani, M. Leporatti Persiano, P. Tomassetti","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.319","url":null,"abstract":"In a non-tidal Mediterranean lagoon, quality and quantity of the zoobenthic communities present in a vast high-density mat of Chaetomorpha linum and the biomass and standing crops of the same mat were estimated seasonally between 2017 and and 2019. The quantity of zoobentos that developed in the mat was very high, with numbers of individuals between 760 ± 397 and 1135 ± 277 per kg of alga, in winter and early summer, respectively. The most abundant species in all seasons were those of gammarids and isopods, while blooms of bivalves and the anemone Paranemonia cinerea were occasionally observed. C. linum mat showed high potential for the growth of some species of zoobenthos, but most of these decayed during the summer environmental criticalities of the lagoon and the partial decay of the mat.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.318
S. Echioda, P. Olubunmi, S. Salisu, A. Abdulrasheed, E. Ilamah, H. S. Rita
This work involves studying the variations of trace mineral contents (Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Mn and Cr) of irrigation water, soil and vegetables at shagari quarters irrigation site of Kano State of Nigeria between the months of June to December 2020. The irrigation water, Soil and vegetables samples were collected from shagari quarters irrigation site and analyzed using Standard analytical methods. The result of the analysis revealed that the concentrations (ppm) of the minerals ranged from Zn (0.71 to 1.75 for sample 5 to sample 2), Cd (0.00 to 0.003 for samples 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and to 2), As (0.00 to 0.48 for samples 6, 7, 8 and 9 to 2), Pb (0.00 to 0.008 for samples 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and to 1 and 2), Mn (0.11 to 1.50 for sample 4 to 2) and Cr (0.05 to 0.34 for sample 4 to 5 and 9). The minerals analysed are within the specification set by National Agency for Foods, Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and as such the Shagari quarters irrigation site as at June to December 2022 is not polluted and the crops are safe for human consumption. However, continuous monitoring is required.
{"title":"The Variation in Trace Minerals Content (Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Mn, Cr) of Irrigation Water, Soil and Vegetables Along Shagari Quarters Irrigation Site of Kano State","authors":"S. Echioda, P. Olubunmi, S. Salisu, A. Abdulrasheed, E. Ilamah, H. S. Rita","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.318","url":null,"abstract":"This work involves studying the variations of trace mineral contents (Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Mn and Cr) of irrigation water, soil and vegetables at shagari quarters irrigation site of Kano State of Nigeria between the months of June to December 2020. The irrigation water, Soil and vegetables samples were collected from shagari quarters irrigation site and analyzed using Standard analytical methods. The result of the analysis revealed that the concentrations (ppm) of the minerals ranged from Zn (0.71 to 1.75 for sample 5 to sample 2), Cd (0.00 to 0.003 for samples 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and to 2), As (0.00 to 0.48 for samples 6, 7, 8 and 9 to 2), Pb (0.00 to 0.008 for samples 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and to 1 and 2), Mn (0.11 to 1.50 for sample 4 to 2) and Cr (0.05 to 0.34 for sample 4 to 5 and 9). The minerals analysed are within the specification set by National Agency for Foods, Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and as such the Shagari quarters irrigation site as at June to December 2022 is not polluted and the crops are safe for human consumption. However, continuous monitoring is required.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44020183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.317
F. Elhadi, Amna Babeker, H. Elhaj, Fatima Alahmri, Lujin Almuflh, Rawabi Alkibbashi
Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the natural vectors of Leishmaniasis. This study aimed to identify the distribution and classification of phlebotomine sandflies vector in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Twice entomological surveys were carried out in four geographical locations (Abha, Rijal Alma, Muhayil, and Asahel) within the Aseer Region during the period from November to December 2020. Phlebotomine sandflies were collected using light traps (10 traps/ month). Identification of species was done under a binocular microscope at 40x. Female and male specimens were identified by observing head and genital structures under the microscope using the morphological keys. Six species of phlebotomine sandflies with 107 were collected throughout the study period (November and December 2020). P.bergeroti species is the most abundant (54.2%) followed by P. alexandri (18.6%) and P.orientalis (12.1%) of the total flies collected ,while P.papatasi, P.sergenti, and P.arabicus were identified less abundance in Aseer region of the total flies collected . More phlebotomine sandfly species were found in the Abha province (38.3%) followed by Rijal Alma province (31.7%) while the least abundant collected in the Muhayil province (8.4%) this study showed that P.bergeroti and P.alexandri are widespread in the Aseer region, specifically in Abha and the Rijal Alma provinces. More studies are needed to understand the preference, behavior and vectorial efficiency of sandfly vectors in Asser region.
{"title":"Entomological Survey of Sandflies Vector (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Asser Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"F. Elhadi, Amna Babeker, H. Elhaj, Fatima Alahmri, Lujin Almuflh, Rawabi Alkibbashi","doi":"10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.317","url":null,"abstract":"Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the natural vectors of Leishmaniasis. This study aimed to identify the distribution and classification of phlebotomine sandflies vector in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Twice entomological surveys were carried out in four geographical locations (Abha, Rijal Alma, Muhayil, and Asahel) within the Aseer Region during the period from November to December 2020. Phlebotomine sandflies were collected using light traps (10 traps/ month). Identification of species was done under a binocular microscope at 40x. Female and male specimens were identified by observing head and genital structures under the microscope using the morphological keys. Six species of phlebotomine sandflies with 107 were collected throughout the study period (November and December 2020). P.bergeroti species is the most abundant (54.2%) followed by P. alexandri (18.6%) and P.orientalis (12.1%) of the total flies collected ,while P.papatasi, P.sergenti, and P.arabicus were identified less abundance in Aseer region of the total flies collected . More phlebotomine sandfly species were found in the Abha province (38.3%) followed by Rijal Alma province (31.7%) while the least abundant collected in the Muhayil province (8.4%) this study showed that P.bergeroti and P.alexandri are widespread in the Aseer region, specifically in Abha and the Rijal Alma provinces. More studies are needed to understand the preference, behavior and vectorial efficiency of sandfly vectors in Asser region.","PeriodicalId":72969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of biology and biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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