Pub Date : 2019-06-13eCollection Date: 2019-06-01DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018009
Susumu Kumagai, Takateru Daikai, Takashi Onodera
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Since the first case was identified in the UK in 1986, BSE spread to other countries including Japan. Its incidence peaked in 1992 in the UK and from 2001 to 2006 in many other countries, but a feed ban aimed at eliminating the recycling of the BSE agent and other control measures aimed at preventing food and feed contamination with the agent were highly effective at reducing the spread of BSE. In 2004, two types of atypical BSE, H-type BSE (H-BSE) and L-type BSE (L-BSE), which differ from classical BSE (C-BSE), were found in France and Italy. Atypical BSE, which is assumed to occur spontaneously, has also been detected among cattle in other countries including Japan. The BSE agent including atypical BSE agent is a unique food-safety hazard with different chemical and biological properties from the microbial pathogens and toxic chemicals that contaminate food. In this review, we summarize the reported findings on the tissue distribution of BSE prions in infected cattle and other aspects of BSE, as well as the control measures against the disease employed in Japan. Topics that require further studies are discussed based on the summarized findings from the perspective of food safety.
牛海绵状脑病(BSE)是一种致命的神经变性疾病,属于传染性海绵状脑病(TSE)。自 1986 年英国发现首例牛海绵状脑病以来,牛海绵状脑病已蔓延到包括日本在内的其他国家。1992 年,英国的发病率达到高峰,2001 年至 2006 年,许多其他国家的发病率也达到高峰,但旨在杜绝疯牛病病原体循环利用的饲料禁令以及旨在防止食物和饲料受到病原体污染的其他控制措施非常有效地减少了疯牛病的传播。2004 年,在法国和意大利发现了两种非典型疯牛病,即 H 型疯牛病(H-BSE)和 L 型疯牛病(L-BSE),它们与典型疯牛病(C-BSE)不同。在包括日本在内的其他国家的牛群中也发现了非典型疯牛病,这种疯牛病被认为是自发发生的。疯牛病病原体(包括非典型疯牛病病原体)是一种独特的食品安全危害,其化学和生物特性不同于污染食品的微生物病原体和有毒化学品。在本综述中,我们总结了有关受感染牛体内疯牛病朊病毒的组织分布和疯牛病其他方面的研究结果,以及日本对该疾病采取的控制措施。在总结研究结果的基础上,从食品安全的角度讨论了需要进一步研究的课题。
{"title":"Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy \u2028- A Review from the Perspective of Food Safety.","authors":"Susumu Kumagai, Takateru Daikai, Takashi Onodera","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018009","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Since the first case was identified in the UK in 1986, BSE spread to other countries including Japan. Its incidence peaked in 1992 in the UK and from 2001 to 2006 in many other countries, but a feed ban aimed at eliminating the recycling of the BSE agent and other control measures aimed at preventing food and feed contamination with the agent were highly effective at reducing the spread of BSE. In 2004, two types of atypical BSE, H-type BSE (H-BSE) and L-type BSE (L-BSE), which differ from classical BSE (C-BSE), were found in France and Italy. Atypical BSE, which is assumed to occur spontaneously, has also been detected among cattle in other countries including Japan. The BSE agent including atypical BSE agent is a unique food-safety hazard with different chemical and biological properties from the microbial pathogens and toxic chemicals that contaminate food. In this review, we summarize the reported findings on the tissue distribution of BSE prions in infected cattle and other aspects of BSE, as well as the control measures against the disease employed in Japan. Topics that require further studies are discussed based on the summarized findings from the perspective of food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"7 2","pages":"21-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6978881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37593945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flies play a key role as vectors in transmitting various bacteria and pose bacterial contamination risk to food. To evaluate the time- and concentration-related bacterial contamination of food by houseflies based on their attraction to the food, we determined the number of fed antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli transferred from houseflies to foods, sugar and milk mixture, apple, and castella (such as sponge cake). Houseflies contaminated the foods with the fed E. coli within 5 min, and the bacteria were present in high numbers on apple and castella (3.3 × 103 and 3.5 × 104 CFU/g of food, respectively). Furthermore, the number of fed E. coli on the foods increased with time, rising to 3.6 × 104-1.7 × 105 CFU/g. We show that the food contamination level caused by houseflies depends on the concentration of bacteria that the houseflies carry, the contact time with the food, and the attraction of the flies to the food.
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Houseflies-mediated Food Contamination with Bacteria.","authors":"Akira Fukuda, Masaru Usui, Chinami Masui, Yutaka Tamura","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flies play a key role as vectors in transmitting various bacteria and pose bacterial contamination risk to food. To evaluate the time- and concentration-related bacterial contamination of food by houseflies based on their attraction to the food, we determined the number of fed antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> transferred from houseflies to foods, sugar and milk mixture, apple, and castella (such as sponge cake). Houseflies contaminated the foods with the fed <i>E. coli</i> within 5 min, and the bacteria were present in high numbers on apple and castella (3.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> and 3.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g of food, respectively). Furthermore, the number of fed <i>E. coli</i> on the foods increased with time, rising to 3.6 × 10<sup>4</sup>-1.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g. We show that the food contamination level caused by houseflies depends on the concentration of bacteria that the houseflies carry, the contact time with the food, and the attraction of the flies to the food.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"7 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37593943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29eCollection Date: 2019-03-01DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018011s
The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of flubendiamide (CAS No. 272451-65-7), an iodophthalimide insecticide for the setting of an acceptable daily intake (ADI) in 2006. FSCJ now has assessed this insecticide for the setting of an acute reference dose (ARfD). Data including fate in animals (rats and mice) and residues in crops (burdock roots, pumpkins and others) were newly submitted. Major adverse effects of flubendiamide include hepatocellular hypertrophy, fatty changes in hepatocytes, follicular epithelial cell hypertrophy in thyroid and ocular enlarged eye in rats. No neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity and genotoxicity were observed. The lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in the toxicological studies was 1.70 mg/kg body weight/day in a two-year carcinogenicity study in rats. FSCJ confirmed an ADI of 0.017 mg/kg bw/day after applying a safety factor of 100 to the NOAEL. Adverse effects elicited by a single oral administration of flubendiamide would be abnormalities in eyes such as ocular hypertrophy and iris adhesion in offspring, which were obtained in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study, a one-generation reproductive toxicity study and a neurodevelopmental toxicity study in rats. FSCJ judged that these studies may be applicable to set the ARfD for lactating women in relation to the exposure of flubendiamide to offspring after the birth through breast milk. By taking into account the overall evaluations of the two-generation reproductive toxicity study, one-generation reproductive toxicity study and neurodevelopmental toxicity study in rats, FSCJ judged NOAEL of 15.0 mg/kg bw/day as for an overall NOAEL, and consequently specified an ARfD of 0.15 mg/kg bw/day for lactating women by applying a safety factor of 100 to the NOAEL.
{"title":"Flubenziamide (Pesticides).","authors":"","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018011s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018011s","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of flubendiamide (CAS No. 272451-65-7), an iodophthalimide insecticide for the setting of an acceptable daily intake (ADI) in 2006. FSCJ now has assessed this insecticide for the setting of an acute reference dose (ARfD). Data including fate in animals (rats and mice) and residues in crops (burdock roots, pumpkins and others) were newly submitted. Major adverse effects of flubendiamide include hepatocellular hypertrophy, fatty changes in hepatocytes, follicular epithelial cell hypertrophy in thyroid and ocular enlarged eye in rats. No neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity and genotoxicity were observed. The lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in the toxicological studies was 1.70 mg/kg body weight/day in a two-year carcinogenicity study in rats. FSCJ confirmed an ADI of 0.017 mg/kg bw/day after applying a safety factor of 100 to the NOAEL. Adverse effects elicited by a single oral administration of flubendiamide would be abnormalities in eyes such as ocular hypertrophy and iris adhesion in offspring, which were obtained in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study, a one-generation reproductive toxicity study and a neurodevelopmental toxicity study in rats. FSCJ judged that these studies may be applicable to set the ARfD for lactating women in relation to the exposure of flubendiamide to offspring after the birth through breast milk. By taking into account the overall evaluations of the two-generation reproductive toxicity study, one-generation reproductive toxicity study and neurodevelopmental toxicity study in rats, FSCJ judged NOAEL of 15.0 mg/kg bw/day as for an overall NOAEL, and consequently specified an ARfD of 0.15 mg/kg bw/day for lactating women by applying a safety factor of 100 to the NOAEL.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"7 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6977769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37593944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The in vivo mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium in the small intestine, the target organ of tumorgenicity, was examined by means of a transgenic mouse gene mutation assay. Sodium dichromate dihydrate was administered orally in drinking water to male gpt delta mice at a dose of 85.7 or 257.4 mg/L for 28 days or at a dose of 8.6, 28.6 or 85.7 mg/L for 90 days. No significant increase in gpt mutant frequency relative to that in control mice was observed in the small intestine in either the 28- or 90-day study, whereas 28-day oral administration of potassium bromate, a positive control substance, increased mutant frequency.
{"title":"Mutant Frequency is not Increased in Mice Orally Exposed to Sodium Dichromate.","authors":"Yasunobu Aoki, Michiyo Matsumoto, Michi Matsumoto, Kenichi Masumura, Takehiko Nohmi","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018014","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>in vivo</i> mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium in the small intestine, the target organ of tumorgenicity, was examined by means of a transgenic mouse gene mutation assay. Sodium dichromate dihydrate was administered orally in drinking water to male <i>gpt</i> delta mice at a dose of 85.7 or 257.4 mg/L for 28 days or at a dose of 8.6, 28.6 or 85.7 mg/L for 90 days. No significant increase in <i>gpt</i> mutant frequency relative to that in control mice was observed in the small intestine in either the 28- or 90-day study, whereas 28-day oral administration of potassium bromate, a positive control substance, increased mutant frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"7 1","pages":"2-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6977768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37591546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21eCollection Date: 2018-12-01DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018006s
The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a self-tasking assessment of mycotoxins, fumonisin B1 (FB1 CAS No. 116355-83-0), fumonisin B2 (FB2 CAS No. 116355-84-1), and fumonisin B3 (FB3 CAS No. 136379-59-4). Hepatotoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity were commonly observed in experimental animals given orally purified FB1, and the sex-related differences were observed in rats and mice. Species differences were also identified: Increased incidences of liver tumors in female mice and of kidney tumors in male rats were observed in chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies. Fumonisins did not show appreciable genotoxicity both the in vivo and in vitro tests. FSCJ judged fumonisins as non-genotoxic carcinogens from the results of various toxicological studies on fumonisins, and thus specified a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 μg/mg bw/day for fumonisins (FB1, FB2 and FB3, alone or by combination), after applying an uncertainty factor of 100 to the lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 0.21 mg/kg bw/day in subacute toxicity study in rats. The estimated exposure levels of fumonisins among high consumers such as toddlers are still below the TDI. Therefore, FSCJ concluded that adverse effect of fumonisin on human health through food are unlikely under the current situation in Japan.
日本食品安全委员会(FSCJ)对真菌毒素、伏马菌素B1 (FB1 CAS No. 116355-83-0)、伏马菌素B2 (FB2 CAS No. 116355-84-1)和伏马菌素B3 (FB3 CAS No. 136379-59-4)进行了自我任务评估。在口服纯化FB1的实验动物中普遍观察到肝毒性和/或肾毒性,并且在大鼠和小鼠中观察到性别相关的差异。物种差异也被发现:在慢性毒性/致癌性研究中,观察到雌性小鼠肝脏肿瘤和雄性大鼠肾脏肿瘤的发生率增加。伏马菌素在体内和体外试验中均未表现出明显的遗传毒性。FSCJ根据对伏马菌素的各种毒理学研究结果判断伏马菌素为非遗传毒性致癌物,从而在对大鼠亚急性毒性研究中最低无观察到不良反应水平(NOAEL) 0.21 mg/kg bw/day应用不确定因子100后,确定伏马菌素(FB1、FB2和FB3)单独或联合的可耐受日摄入量(TDI)为2 μg/mg bw/day。在婴幼儿等高消费人群中,伏马菌素的估计暴露水平仍低于TDI。因此,FSCJ认为,在日本目前的情况下,伏马菌素不太可能通过食物对人体健康产生不良影响。
{"title":"Fumonisins (Natural Toxins and Mycotoxins).","authors":"","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018006s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018006s","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a self-tasking assessment of mycotoxins, fumonisin B1 (FB1 CAS No. 116355-83-0), fumonisin B2 (FB2 CAS No. 116355-84-1), and fumonisin B3 (FB3 CAS No. 136379-59-4). Hepatotoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity were commonly observed in experimental animals given orally purified FB1, and the sex-related differences were observed in rats and mice. Species differences were also identified: Increased incidences of liver tumors in female mice and of kidney tumors in male rats were observed in chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies. Fumonisins did not show appreciable genotoxicity both the <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> tests. FSCJ judged fumonisins as non-genotoxic carcinogens from the results of various toxicological studies on fumonisins, and thus specified a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 μg/mg bw/day for fumonisins (FB1, FB2 and FB3, alone or by combination), after applying an uncertainty factor of 100 to the lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 0.21 mg/kg bw/day in subacute toxicity study in rats. The estimated exposure levels of fumonisins among high consumers such as toddlers are still below the TDI. Therefore, FSCJ concluded that adverse effect of fumonisin on human health through food are unlikely under the current situation in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"6 4","pages":"160-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018006s","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37591542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21eCollection Date: 2018-12-01DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018010
Hoang A Hoang, Nguyen T T Nhung
In this study, a method using a recombinant phage for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in fresh vegetables was investigated. Four kinds of fresh vegetables, i.e. lettuce (Lactuca sativa), mustard greens (Brassica juncea), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and soybean sprouts were selected since they are commonly used in meals in Vietnam. Firstly, a phage-based method was investigated for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in the four types of vegetables. To support the detection by suppressing growth of background bacteria in vegetables, selective antibiotics, i.e. novobiocin (N) and vancomycin (V) in combination with BHI medium were examined. Secondly, quality of the method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity. The method enabled the detection of E. coli O157:H7 inoculated at 103, 102, or 101 CFU/ 10 mL of sterile 0.8% NaCl containing 5 g of vegetable and in the presence of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria inoculated at 107 CFU/10 mL. The time for detection was approximately 16.5 hours for E. coli O157:H7 inoculated at 10 CFU/10 mL of sterile 0.8% NaCl containing 5 g of vegetable. The limit of detection was considered to be 2 CFU g-1 vegetable.
{"title":"Development of a bacteriophage-based Method for Detection of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> O157:H7 in Fresh Vegetables.","authors":"Hoang A Hoang, Nguyen T T Nhung","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a method using a recombinant phage for detection of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 in fresh vegetables was investigated. Four kinds of fresh vegetables, i.e. lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>), mustard greens (<i>Brassica juncea</i>), coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>), and soybean sprouts were selected since they are commonly used in meals in Vietnam. Firstly, a phage-based method was investigated for detection of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 in the four types of vegetables. To support the detection by suppressing growth of background bacteria in vegetables, selective antibiotics, i.e. novobiocin (N) and vancomycin (V) in combination with BHI medium were examined. Secondly, quality of the method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity. The method enabled the detection of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 inoculated at 10<sup>3</sup>, 10<sup>2</sup>, or 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/ 10 mL of sterile 0.8% NaCl containing 5 g of vegetable and in the presence of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria inoculated at 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/10 mL. The time for detection was approximately 16.5 hours for <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 inoculated at 10 CFU/10 mL of sterile 0.8% NaCl containing 5 g of vegetable. The limit of detection was considered to be 2 CFU g<sup>-1</sup> vegetable.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"6 4","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37591539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluoroquinolone is widely used for the treatment of bacterial diseases, and the emergence of quinolone resistance has become a serious concern in recent years, owing to an increase and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Here, we attempted to understand the differences in the emergence frequency of quinolone-resistant bacterial variants in three Salmonella serotypes S. Infantis, S. Schwarzengrund, and S. Manhattan-which are mainly found in broiler industries in Japan. Emergence frequency tests for quinolone-resistant variants using enrofloxacin-containing agar plates and sequence analysis in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA in DNA gyrase were performed. The results showed no significant difference in the emergence frequency among the three serotypes, and most of the resistant variants had mutations in the QRDR region. These findings suggest that differences in the serotypes tested are not associated with the emergence frequency of quinolone-resistant variants.
氟喹诺酮类药物被广泛用于细菌性疾病的治疗,近年来,由于抗菌素的使用增加和不当,喹诺酮类药物耐药性的出现已成为一个严重问题。在这里,我们试图了解主要存在于日本肉鸡行业的三种沙门氏菌血清型(S. Infantis, S. Schwarzengrund和S. manhattan)中喹诺酮耐药细菌变体的出现频率差异。采用含恩诺沙星的琼脂平板检测喹诺酮类耐药变异的出现频率,并对DNA回旋酶中gyrA的喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR)进行序列分析。结果显示,3种血清型的出现频率无显著差异,大部分耐药变异在QRDR区域发生突变。这些发现表明,所检测血清型的差异与喹诺酮耐药变异的出现频率无关。
{"title":"Association of <i>Salmonella</i> Serotypes with Quinolone Resistance in Broilers.","authors":"Ayumi Nakatsuchi, Mizuho Inagaki, Michiyo Sugiyama, Masaru Usui, Tetsuo Asai","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoroquinolone is widely used for the treatment of bacterial diseases, and the emergence of quinolone resistance has become a serious concern in recent years, owing to an increase and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Here, we attempted to understand the differences in the emergence frequency of quinolone-resistant bacterial variants in three <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes <i>S</i>. Infantis, <i>S</i>. Schwarzengrund, and <i>S</i>. Manhattan-which are mainly found in broiler industries in Japan. Emergence frequency tests for quinolone-resistant variants using enrofloxacin-containing agar plates and sequence analysis in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of <i>gyrA</i> in DNA gyrase were performed. The results showed no significant difference in the emergence frequency among the three serotypes, and most of the resistant variants had mutations in the QRDR region. These findings suggest that differences in the serotypes tested are not associated with the emergence frequency of quinolone-resistant variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"6 4","pages":"156-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37591541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}