Fungal systematics and evolution最新文献

Rust fungi are important pathogens of trees, ornamental plants, and food crops. Field research targeting rust diseases across Korea uncovered three distinct species of Neophysopella, affecting different members of the family Vitaceae. In our examination of both wild and cultivated grapevine (Vitis) species, including V. amurensis, V. coignetiae, and V. vinifera, we found N. meliosmaemyrianthae as well as a previously undescribed rust species, which we describe here as N. viticola sp. nov. Neophysopella ampelopsidis, which was previously identified as a rust pathogen of Vitis spp., has been observed to specifically infect Ampelopsis brevipedunculata. Through molecular sequence analysis of the ITS, LSU rDNA, and cox3 mtDNA regions, we determined the phylogenetic placements of these three species. Our morphological studies revealed the distinguishing features of N. viticola, particularly its unique teliospore layer and urediniospore dimensions. The emergence of N. viticola on economically valuable grapevines raises concerns about potential agricultural losses, highlighting the urgency for developing specialized management approaches in viticulture. Citation: Na DH, Choi Y-J, Shin H-D (2024). Taxonomy and phylogeny of three rust fungi parasitic on Vitaceae in Korea, with Neophysopella viticola sp. nov. on Vitis vinifera. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 127-138. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.08.

Hygrocybe alpina and Hygrocybe amara are described here as new species closely related to Hygrocybe mucronella. Hygrocybe alpina is described from Slovakia and Sweden, but is probably more widespread, especially in alpine regions of Central and Northern Europe. Hygrocybe amara, a well delimited species based on molecular characters, is known only from Slovakia, but probably it is more widespread across Europe and misidentified as H. mucronella s.s. Hygrocybe mucronella is neotypified here, because no type material has been preserved. A fully amended description is given based on molecular evidence and morphology. Citation: Fuljer F, Zajac M, Boertmann D, Strašiftáková D, Larsson E, Kautmanová I (2024). Contribution to European representatives of the genus Hygrocybe: Two new species and neotypification of Hygrocybe mucronella. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 307-323. doi: 10.3114/ fuse.2024.14.18.

Two new species of Macrolepiota, viz. Macrolepiota macilenta and M. pallida, are formally described from eastern and midwestern North America based on molecular data, morphological characters and geographic distribution pattern. They are found in summer and fall in hardwood forests including Fagaceae (Quercus, Fagus) and in grassy clearings and nutrient-rich soils. They can be distinguished morphologically from one another by their general colours, spore size, pileus covering structure and shape of the cheilocystidia. Photographs of the species and of their micromorphological characters are provided. Citation: Lebeuf R, Russell SD, Justo A (2024). Macrolepiota macilenta and M. pallida, two new species from North America. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 139-152. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.09.

Rhizomorphs are hair- or wire-like melanized structures with structural differentiation analogous to plant roots that help fungi spread over an area and find food resources. Some species of multiple groups of the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota produce different types of rhizomorphs. In the Agaricales, the structures are largely found in Marasmiineae, particularly in the Omphalotaceae, Marasmiaceae, and Physalacriaceae. Many rhizomorph-forming species spread over the forest floor (ground level), while others form aerial litter-trapping rhizomorph systems that hang on living branches of the forest understorey. Here, we describe three new species that form aerial systems, two in Marasmius and one in Pusillomyces, all of which inhabit areas of the Amazon rainforest in Amazonas State, Brazil. Support for these new species is based on evidence derived from morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) markers. Marasmius foliauceps sp. nov., with a pileipellis made up of Rotalis-type broom cells, is different from all other species described to date and branched along with species of the monophyletic Marasmius sect. Marasmius subsect. Marasmius, being conspecific with specimens from Guyana. Also different from all other described Marasmius species, Marasmius arachnotropus sp. nov. has a pileipellis mostly composed of Siccus-type but in transition to Rotalis-type broom cells and branched along with species of the Marasmius crinis-equi species complex. Pusillomyces cuieirasensis is morphologically very similar to Pusillomyces manuripioides to which it is sister, but it has a non-umbonate pileus and smaller basidiospores. They all form aerial litter-trapping rhizomorph systems that mimic spider webs, particularly those hanging on the understorey. Whether made of mycelia or silk, such webs serve to capture food. The aerial rhizomorph-forming 'spider fungi' make up a guild with hidden species diversity in tropical systems. Citation: Oliveira JJS, Vargas-Isla R, Cabral TS, Rodrigues DP, Ishikawa NK (2024). Spider Fungi: New species of Marasmius and Pusillomyces in the aerial rhizomorph web-maker guild in Amazonia Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 35-55. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.03.

Magic mushrooms are fungi that produce psilocybin, an entheogen with long-term cultural use and a breakthrough compound for treatment of mental health disorders. Fungal populations separated by geography are candidates for allopatric speciation, yet species connectivity typically persists because there is minimal divergence at functional parts of mating compatibility genes. We studied whether connectivity is maintained across populations of a widespread species complex of magic mushrooms that has infiltrated the Northern Hemisphere from a hypothesised centre of origin in Australasia. We analysed 89 genomes of magic mushrooms to examine erosion of species connectivity in disparate populations with support from gene flow, kinship, structure, allelic diversity, and mating compatibility. We used comparative genomics and synteny to test whether the genes that produce psilocybin are under selection in natural populations of magic mushrooms. Despite phenotypic plasticity and intercontinental distribution, sexual compatibility is maintained across geographically isolated populations of magic mushrooms. Psilocybin loci have high allelic diversity and evidence of balancing selection. Australasia is the centre of origin of wood-degrading magic mushrooms and geographically separated populations are fully sexually compatible, despite minimal gene flow since differentiation from a shared ancestor. Movement of woodchips, mulch, or plants has most likely facilitated invasion of these mushrooms in the Northern Hemisphere. Citation: McTaggart AR, Scarlett K, Slot JC, Barlow C, Appleyard C, Gardiner DM, Fechner N, Tilden J, Hass D, Voogelbreinder S, Lording WJ, Lloyd RA, Shuey LS, Drenth A, James TY (2024). Wood-loving magic mushrooms from Australia are saprotrophic invaders in the Northern Hemisphere. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 209-217. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.14.

Species morphologically typical of the genus Stictis are phylogenetically diverse, spread throughout Stictidaceae. Phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequences have revealed the polyphyletic nature of the morphologically defined genus, the type species Stictis radiata forming a clade phylogenetically distinct from all other sequenced species that had been placed in the genus. Some of the phylogenetic clades containing Stictis sensu lato species can be distinguished on the basis of their asexual morphs. Here we accept as the genus Ebollia a monophyletic clade that forms two monophyletic subclades, both of which contain species that form both a stictis-like sexual morph and an Ebollia asexual morph. One of these clades contains the type species of Fitzroyomyces, F. cyperacearum, here treated as a synonym of Ebollia carnea (= Stictis carnea). Three unnamed species with a stictis-like sexual morph, fall into a clade with the type species of Eriospora (E. leucostoma) and Neofitzroyomyces (N. nerii), two species known only from their asexual morphs. Morphologically these stictis-like sexual morphs differ from that previously reported for another Eriospora species, E. juncicola. The mode of conidiogenesis distinguishes Eriospora and Neofitzroyomyces from Ebollia. A group of species traditionally included in Stictis but that differ from S. radiata in having dark ascomatal walls, are accepted here as Cyclostoma, using this name at the generic rather than subgeneric level. Two of these species are described as new, Cyclostoma macroarundinacea and C. oleariae. In addition, DNA sequences are provided for the genus Delpontia for the first time. Citation: Johnston PR, Park D (2024). Historical cultures provide insights into the taxonomy of Stictis sensu lato. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 153-170. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.10.

This study advances our understanding of Ophiocordyceps, an extensively studied entomopathogenic fungus within the Ophiocordycipitaceae, particularly in Thailand. We introduce seven novel species associated with Coleoptera - O. albostroma, O. brunnea, O. capilliformis, O. kohchangensis, O. phitsanulokensis, O. pseudovariabilis, and O. ratchaburiensis. Remarkably, O. brunnea, O. kohchangensis, and O. ratchaburiensis exhibit ascomata on the subterminal region of the stromata, with the asexual form appearing at the apex of the stipe, reminiscent of O. brunneipunctata. In contrast, O. phitsanulokensis produces its ascomata in the upper region of the stipe. Shared traits include immersed perithecia and part-spores production. Ophiocordyceps albostroma and O. pseudovariabilis produce pseudo-immersed perithecia, with the former producing ascospores breaking into four part-spores, and the latter displaying 32 part-spores. Ophiocordyceps capilliformis is also introduced due to morphological distinctions from closely related species. Phylogenetic analyses based on multigene loci (LSU, TEF1, RPB1, RPB2) robustly confirm the placement of these new species within Ophiocordyceps. Additionally, we report a new record of O. clavata in Thailand. Citation: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Lamlertthon S, Himaman W, Crous PW, Stadler M, Luangsa-ard JJ (2024). Uncovering cryptic species diversity of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae) associated with Coleoptera from Thailand. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 223-250. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.15.

The current paper represents the seventh contribution in the Genera of Fungi series, linking type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. This manuscript focuses on a genus of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, Hirudinaria. Two species of this genus are treated in this study. Hirudinaria mespili, the type species of the genus, as well as Hirudinaria macrocarpa, are epitypified and provided with DNA sequence data to resolve their phylogeny as members of Mycosphaerellaceae (Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetes). Citation: Bakhshi M, Crous PW (2024). The Genera of Fungi - G7: Hirudinaria. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 1-8. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.01.

The application of DNA data on a worldwide sampling has revolutionized the infrageneric classification of the highly diverse ectomycorrhizal genus Russula. Based on collections made in New Zealand, East Asia and North America, this study describes a new subgenus Cremeo-ochraceae, the ninth subgenus of Russula. Even though BLASTn of the ITS sequences suggested affinities with species of subgenera Russula and Heterophyllidiae, the phylogenetic analysis based on a five-locus DNA dataset placed the target samples in an independent major clade that is taxonomically equivalent to subgenus. This multilocus analysis also obtained support for the recognition of two superclades in Russula, opposing subgenera Glutinosae, Archaeae and Compactae to the rest of the genus. The type species of the new subgenus is R. cremeo-ochracea from New Zealand, which is here epitypified, and the authors describe a new variety for it: R. cremeoochracea var. myrtacearum. The new subgenus also harbors a North American R. cf. inopina and its Asian counterpart, discovered from southwestern China, described here as R. estriata sp. nov. Two environmental ITS sequences, one from Japan and one from Malaysia may represent two more undescribed taxa. The new subgenus shares with subgen. Brevipedum subsect. Pallidosporinae the general field habit, the unequal lamellae and the relatively small spores with inamyloid suprahilar spot and similar spore ornamentation. It differs from the latter subsection principally in the poor contents of all types of cystidioid cells and the often areolate-scurfy pileus surface composed of slender, undulating hyphal terminations with frequent subcapitate apices. Biogeographically, subgen. Cremeo-ochraceae shares with Multifurca, another small relict lineage of Russulaceae, a circum-Pacific distribution pattern except for South America. Both lineages lack representatives in Europe and Africa. The hypothesis proposing an African origin for the genus is considered unlikely. Citation: Buyck B, Horak E, Cooper JA, Wang XH (2024). Introducing Russula subgen. Cremeo-ochraceae, a new and very small lineage sharing with Multifurca (Russulaceae) an identical, largely circum-Pacific distribution pattern. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 109-126. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.07.