H L Aïgnon, S Jabeen, A Verbeken, P B Matheny, N S Yorou, M Ryberg
We describe four new nodulose-spored species of Inocybe from tropical regions of Africa: I. beninensis, I. flavipes, I. fuscobrunnea and I. pallidiangulata. The new species are recognised based on morphological data and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, 28S and RPB2 sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that I. flavipes and I. beninensis are part of a subclade leading to the I. calida group. Inocybe fuscobrunnea appears sister to the I. asterospora group. Inocybe pallidiangulata is nested within a clade of mainly tropical species from South Asia, Africa, and South America, close to the subclade of I. lilacinosquamosa and I. ayangannae from Guyana. Complete descriptions and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings, and a key to nodulose-spored taxa of tropical African species of Inocybe are provided. Citation: Aïgnon HL, Jabeen S, Verbeken A, Matheny PB, Yorou NS, Ryberg M (2022). Four new nodulose-spored species of Inocybe (Agaricales) from West Africa. Fungal Systematics and Evolution10: 1-18. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.01.
我们描述了来自非洲热带地区的四种新的结节孢子虫:I. beninensis, I. flavipes, I. fuscobrunnea和I. pallidiangulata。根据ITS、28S和RPB2序列的形态学数据和系统发育分析,对新种进行了识别。系统发育分析表明,黄纹瓢虫和贝宁瓢虫是一个亚枝的一部分,导致卡利达瓢虫群。褐褐Inocybe似乎是I. asterospora群的姐妹。白斑Inocybe pallidiangulata是一个主要由南亚、非洲和南美洲的热带物种组成的分支,与来自圭亚那的I. lilacinosquamosa和I. ayangannae亚分支接近。提供了完整的描述和插图,包括照片和线条图,以及热带非洲Inocybe种的结节孢子分类群的钥匙。引用本文:Aïgnon HL, Jabeen S, Verbeken A, Matheny PB, Yorou NS, Ryberg M(2022)。文章题目西非Inocybe (Agaricales)四新种。真菌分类学与进化(10):1-18。doi: 10.3114 / fuse.2022.10.01。
{"title":"Four new nodulose-spored species of <i>Inocybe</i> (<i>Agaricales</i>) from West Africa.","authors":"H L Aïgnon, S Jabeen, A Verbeken, P B Matheny, N S Yorou, M Ryberg","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.10.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe four new nodulose-spored species of <i>Inocybe</i> from tropical regions of Africa: <i>I. beninensis, I. flavipes, I. fuscobrunnea</i> and <i>I. pallidiangulata.</i> The new species are recognised based on morphological data and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, 28S and <i>RPB2</i> sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that <i>I. flavipes</i> and <i>I. beninensis</i> are part of a subclade leading to the <i>I. calida</i> group. <i>Inocybe fuscobrunnea</i> appears sister to the <i>I. asterospora</i> group. <i>Inocybe pallidiangulata</i> is nested within a clade of mainly tropical species from South Asia, Africa, and South America, close to the subclade of <i>I. lilacinosquamosa</i> and <i>I. ayangannae</i> from Guyana. Complete descriptions and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings, and a key to nodulose-spored taxa of tropical African species of <i>Inocybe</i> are provided. <b>Citation:</b> Aïgnon HL, Jabeen S, Verbeken A, Matheny PB, Yorou NS, Ryberg M (2022). Four new nodulose-spored species of <i>Inocybe</i> (<i>Agaricales</i>) from West Africa. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>10</b>: 1-18. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"10 ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9303274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Lombard, R van Doorn, J Z Groenewald, T Tessema, E E Kuramae, D W Etolo, J M Raaijmakers, P W Crous
Sorghum production is seriously threatened by the root parasitic weeds (RPWs) Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica in sub-Saharan Africa. Research has shown that Striga control depends on eliminating its seed reserves in soil. Several species of the genus Fusarium (Nectriaceae,Hypocreales), which have been isolated from diseased Striga plants have proven to be highly pathogenic to all developmental stages of these RPWs. In the present study 439 isolates of Fusarium spp. were found associated with soils from Sorghum growing fields, Sorghum rhizosphere, or as endophytes with Sorghum roots and seeds, or as endophytes of Striga stems and seeds. Based on multi-locus phylogenies of combinations of CaM, tef1, rpb1 and rpb2 alignments, and morphological characteristics, 42 species were identified, including three species that are newly described, namely F. extenuatum and F. tangerinum from Sorghum soils, and F. pentaseptatum from seed of Striga hermonthica. Using a previously published AFLP-derived marker that is specific to detect isolates of F. oxysporumf.sp.strigae, an effective soil-borne biocontrol agent against Striga, we also detected the gene in several other Fusarium species. As these isolates were all associated with the Striga/Sorghum pathosystem, the possibility of horizontal gene transfer among these fusaria will be of interest to further investigate in future. Citation: Lombard L, van Doorn R, Groenewald JZ, Tessema T, Kuramae EE, Etolo DW, Raaijmakers JM, Crous PW (2022). Fusarium diversity associated with the Sorghum-Striga interaction in Ethiopia. Fungal Systematics and Evolution10: 177-215. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.08.
{"title":"<i>Fusarium</i> diversity associated with the <i>Sorghum-Striga</i> interaction in Ethiopia.","authors":"L Lombard, R van Doorn, J Z Groenewald, T Tessema, E E Kuramae, D W Etolo, J M Raaijmakers, P W Crous","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.10.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sorghum</i> production is seriously threatened by the root parasitic weeds (RPWs) <i>Striga hermonthica</i> and <i>Striga asiatica</i> in sub-Saharan Africa. Research has shown that <i>Striga</i> control depends on eliminating its seed reserves in soil. Several species of the genus <i>Fusarium</i> (<i>Nectriaceae,</i> <i>Hypocreales</i>), which have been isolated from diseased <i>Striga</i> plants have proven to be highly pathogenic to all developmental stages of these RPWs. In the present study 439 isolates of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. were found associated with soils from <i>Sorghum</i> growing fields, <i>Sorghum</i> rhizosphere, or as endophytes with <i>Sorghum</i> roots and seeds, or as endophytes of <i>Striga</i> stems and seeds. Based on multi-locus phylogenies of combinations of <i>CaM</i>, <i>tef1</i>, <i>rpb1</i> and <i>rpb2</i> alignments, and morphological characteristics, 42 species were identified, including three species that are newly described, namely <i>F. extenuatum</i> and <i>F. tangerinum</i> from <i>Sorghum</i> soils, and <i>F. pentaseptatum</i> from seed of <i>Striga hermonthica.</i> Using a previously published AFLP-derived marker that is specific to detect isolates of <i>F. oxysporum</i> <i>f.sp.</i> <i>strigae</i>, an effective soil-borne biocontrol agent against <i>Striga</i>, we also detected the gene in several other <i>Fusarium</i> species. As these isolates were all associated with the <i>Striga/Sorghum</i> pathosystem, the possibility of horizontal gene transfer among these fusaria will be of interest to further investigate in future. <b>Citation:</b> Lombard L, van Doorn R, Groenewald JZ, Tessema T, Kuramae EE, Etolo DW, Raaijmakers JM, Crous PW (2022). <i>Fusarium</i> diversity associated with the <i>Sorghum-Striga</i> interaction in Ethiopia. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>10</b>: 177-215. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.08.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"10 ","pages":"177-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9875792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01Epub Date: 2022-12-07DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.09
R Sugita, K Hirayama, T Shirouzu, K Tanaka
The genus Spirodecospora has been placed in Xylariaceae based on morphological similarities. Spirodecospora spp., found on bamboo in Japan, were taxonomically and phylogenetically studied using molecular data for first time. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were based on the DNA sequence data of three regions: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) of rDNA, and the second largest RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) gene. Results showed that Spirodecospora formed an independent lineage from other known families in Xylariales. The new family Spirodecosporaceae is introduced in this study to accommodate this lineage based on the phylogenetic evidence and morphological differences from the other known families. Spirodecospora is characterised by having deeply immersed ascomata with a cylindrical ostiolar neck, unitunicate, cylindrical asci with I+, wedge-shaped apical ring, and broadly ellipsoidal to fusoid, aseptate, brown, verruculose ascospores with spirally or almost straight linear ornamentation. Based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses, S. melnikii and two new species of Spirodecospora, S. paramelnikii and S. paulospiralis, are described and illustrated. A key to the four accepted species of Spirodecospora is provided. Citation: Sugita R, Hirayama K, Shirouzu T, Tanaka K (2022). Spirodecosporaceaefam. nov. (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) and two new species of Spirodecospora. Fungal Systematics and Evolution10: 217-229. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.09.
根据形态上的相似性,螺盘孢属(Spirodecospora)被归入木犀科(Xylariaceae)。首次利用分子数据对日本竹子上发现的螺孢属进行了分类和系统发育研究。分子系统学分析基于三个区域的 DNA 序列数据:核核糖体内部转录间隔区(ITS)、rDNA 大亚基(LSU)和第二大 RNA 聚合酶 II 亚基(rpb2)基因。结果表明,螺孢子虫与木犀属中的其他已知科形成了一个独立的世系。根据系统发育证据和与其他已知科的形态差异,本研究引入了新科螺盘孢科(Spirodecosporaceae),以容纳这一世系。螺孢子虫科的特征是:具有深浸的伞形体,有圆柱形的骨柄颈,单位单生的圆柱形头状体,顶端有楔形环,宽椭圆形至纺锤形、无菌、褐色、疣状的腹孢子,有螺旋状或几乎直线状的装饰。根据形态学观察和分子系统学分析,描述并说明了 S. melnikii 和两个螺盘孢属新种 S. paramelnikii 和 S. paulospiralis。提供了四种已被接受的螺盘孢属物种的检索表。引用:Sugita R, Hirayama K, Shirouzu T, Tanaka K (2022).Spirodecosporaceae fam. nov. (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) and two new species of Spirodecospora.Fungal Systematics and Evolution 10: 217-229. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.09.
{"title":"<i>Spirodecosporaceae</i> <i>fam. nov.</i> (<i>Xylariales</i>, <i>Sordariomycetes</i>) and two new species of <i>Spirodecospora</i>.","authors":"R Sugita, K Hirayama, T Shirouzu, K Tanaka","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.09","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Spirodecospora</i> has been placed in <i>Xylariaceae</i> based on morphological similarities. <i>Spirodecospora</i> spp., found on bamboo in Japan, were taxonomically and phylogenetically studied using molecular data for first time. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were based on the DNA sequence data of three regions: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) of rDNA, and the second largest RNA polymerase II subunit (<i>rpb2</i>) gene. Results showed that <i>Spirodecospora</i> formed an independent lineage from other known families in <i>Xylariales</i>. The new family <i>Spirodecosporaceae</i> is introduced in this study to accommodate this lineage based on the phylogenetic evidence and morphological differences from the other known families. <i>Spirodecospora</i> is characterised by having deeply immersed ascomata with a cylindrical ostiolar neck, unitunicate, cylindrical asci with I+, wedge-shaped apical ring, and broadly ellipsoidal to fusoid, aseptate, brown, verruculose ascospores with spirally or almost straight linear ornamentation. Based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses, <i>S. melnikii</i> and two new species of <i>Spirodecospora</i>, <i>S. paramelnikii</i> and <i>S. paulospiralis</i>, are described and illustrated. A key to the four accepted species of <i>Spirodecospora</i> is provided. <b>Citation:</b> Sugita R, Hirayama K, Shirouzu T, Tanaka K (2022). <i>Spirodecosporaceae</i> <i>fam. nov.</i> (<i>Xylariales</i>, <i>Sordariomycetes</i>) and two new species of <i>Spirodecospora</i>. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>10</b>: 217-229. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.09.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"10 ","pages":"217-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9875695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10661254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01Epub Date: 2022-10-21DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.03
M Kirchmair, J Embacher, D Heimdörfer, G Walch, S Neuhauser
Here we describe two new species of the genus Penicillium section Torulomyces with solitary phialides. Penicillium poederisp. nov. was isolated from volcanic soils in Iceland. Penicillium tirolensesp. nov. was isolated from a sporocarp of Serpula lacrymans. Both species are characterised by slow growth rates and the production of a brown soluble pigment on CYA, conidiophores with solitary ampulliform phialides with smooth-walled stipes and warty, globose conidia and with connectives without visible rings. The spores of. P. poederi are 2.5 μm diam, while the spores of P. tirolense are 2.0 μm diam. In a multigene phylogeny based on the ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 gene regions P. tubakianum and P. wollemiicola are the closest relatives of P. poederi. This species differs from P. tubakianum and P.wollemiicola by its growth rates and by its pigmentation. The holotype of P. poederi is IB2017/0007, while SF014017 (CBS 147622) is a culture derived from the holotype. The closest relatives of P. tirolense are P. austricola and P. riverlandense. It differs from P. austricola by lower growth rates on all tested media and temperatures and by its larger spores. It differs from P. riverlandense by lower growth rates and the absence of growth at 37 °C. The holotype of P. tirolense is IBF2019/0162, while SF015108 (CBS 147625) is a culture derived from the holotype. Citation: Kirchmair M, Embacher J, Heimdörfer D, Walch G, Neuhauser S (2022). Penicillium poederi and Penicillium tirolense, two new species of section Torulomyces. Fungal Systematics and Evolution10: 91-101. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.03.
{"title":"<i>Penicillium poederi</i> and <i>P. tirolense,</i> two new species of section <i>Torulomyces</i>.","authors":"M Kirchmair, J Embacher, D Heimdörfer, G Walch, S Neuhauser","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.03","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we describe two new species of the genus <i>Penicillium</i> section <i>Torulomyces</i> with solitary phialides. <i>Penicillium poederi</i> <i>sp. nov</i>. was isolated from volcanic soils in Iceland. <i>Penicillium tirolense</i> <i>sp. nov</i>. was isolated from a sporocarp of <i>Serpula lacrymans.</i> Both species are characterised by slow growth rates and the production of a brown soluble pigment on CYA, conidiophores with solitary ampulliform phialides with smooth-walled stipes and warty, globose conidia and with connectives without visible rings. The spores of. <i>P. poederi</i> are 2.5 μm diam, while the spores of <i>P. tirolense</i> are 2.0 μm diam. In a multigene phylogeny based on the ITS, <i>BenA</i>, <i>CaM</i> and <i>RPB2</i> gene regions <i>P. tubakianum</i> and <i>P. wollemiicola</i> are the closest relatives of <i>P. poederi.</i> This species differs from <i>P. tubakianum</i> and <i>P.</i> <i>wollemiicola</i> by its growth rates and by its pigmentation. The holotype of <i>P. poederi</i> is IB2017/0007, while SF014017 (CBS 147622) is a culture derived from the holotype. The closest relatives of <i>P. tirolense</i> are <i>P. austricola</i> and <i>P. riverlandense.</i> It differs from <i>P. austricola</i> by lower growth rates on all tested media and temperatures and by its larger spores. It differs from <i>P. riverlandense</i> by lower growth rates and the absence of growth at 37 °C. The holotype of <i>P. tirolense</i> is IBF2019/0162, while SF015108 (CBS 147625) is a culture derived from the holotype. <b>Citation:</b> Kirchmair M, Embacher J, Heimdörfer D, Walch G, Neuhauser S (2022). <i>Penicillium poederi and Penicillium tirolense,</i> two new species of section <i>Torulomyces</i>. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>10</b>: 91-101. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"10 ","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9288264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Savchenko, J C Zamora, R Alvarenga, U Kõljalg, O Miettinen
The genus Dendrodacrys is a monophyletic group that belongs to Dacrymycetes (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota) and accommodates species distinguished by strongly branched hyphidia in combination with 3-septate basidiospores. While the original circumscription mainly treated European taxa, here we shift the focus to tropical and sub-tropical material and uncover wider variation in morphology within Dendrodacrys. Still united by hyphidia shape and basidiospore septation, the genus is expanded with 10 taxa having pustulate, cerebriform, or stipitate basidiocarps of yellow to dark brown colours, cylindrical to ovoid basidiospores, and hyphal septa with or without clamps. Monophyly of the amended Dendrodacrys is confirmed with a phylogeny based on six markers (SSU, ITS, LSU, TEF1-α, RPB1, and RPB2). As a result, we describe two new species (De. laetum and De. rigoratum), transfer three existing species to Dendrodacrys (De. brasiliense, De. dendrocalami, and De. pezizoideum), and raise one variety to the species level (De. kennedyae ≡ Dacrymyces enatus var. macrosporus). In addition, we provide descriptions for the earlier combined De. paraphysatum and four new informal taxa. Lastly, we present illustrations, a character table, and an identification key that addresses all known dacrymycetes with branched hyphidia. Citation: Savchenko A, Zamora JC, Alvarenga R, Kõljalg U, Miettinen O (2022). Additions to Dendrodacrys and outline of taxa with branched hyphidia in Dacrymycetes (Basidiomycota). Fungal Systematics and Evolution10: 103-126. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.04.
Dendrodacrys属是一个单系类群,属于泪菌门(Agaricomycotina,担子菌门),包括以强烈分枝的菌丝和3-分开的担子孢子为特征的物种。虽然最初的限定主要针对欧洲分类群,但在这里,我们将重点转移到热带和亚热带的材料上,并揭示了在树endrodacrys中更广泛的形态学变化。仍由菌丝形状和担子孢子分隔统一,本属扩展为10个分类群,具有黄色至深棕色的脓疱状、脑状或具柄的担子果,圆柱形至卵球形的担子孢子和有夹或不带夹的菌丝间隔。通过6个标记(SSU、ITS、LSU、TEF1-α、RPB1和RPB2)的系统发育分析,证实了改良后的树突属植物的单系性。因此,我们描述了两个新种(De. laetum和De. rigoratum),将三个现有的物种转移到Dendrodacrys (De. brasiliense, De. dendrocalami和De. pezizoideum),并将一个品种提升到物种水平(De. kennedyae≡Dacrymyces enatus var. macrosporus)。此外,我们还提供了早期合并的De. aparyysatum和四个新的非正式分类群的描述。最后,我们提出了插图,一个特征表,和一个识别键,地址所有已知的泪霉菌分支菌丝。引用本文:Savchenko A, Zamora JC, Alvarenga R, Kõljalg U, miiettinen O(2022)。担子菌科泪霉菌属枝孢子的增补和枝孢子分类群的轮廓。真菌分类学与进化(10):103-126。doi: 10.3114 / fuse.2022.10.04。
{"title":"Additions to <i>Dendrodacrys</i> and outline of taxa with branched hyphidia in <i>Dacrymycetes</i> (<i>Basidiomycota</i>).","authors":"A Savchenko, J C Zamora, R Alvarenga, U Kõljalg, O Miettinen","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.10.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Dendrodacrys</i> is a monophyletic group that belongs to <i>Dacrymycetes</i> (<i>Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota</i>) and accommodates species distinguished by strongly branched hyphidia in combination with 3-septate basidiospores. While the original circumscription mainly treated European taxa, here we shift the focus to tropical and sub-tropical material and uncover wider variation in morphology within <i>Dendrodacrys.</i> Still united by hyphidia shape and basidiospore septation, the genus is expanded with 10 taxa having pustulate, cerebriform, or stipitate basidiocarps of yellow to dark brown colours, cylindrical to ovoid basidiospores, and hyphal septa with or without clamps. Monophyly of the amended <i>Dendrodacrys</i> is confirmed with a phylogeny based on six markers (SSU, ITS, LSU, <i>TEF1-α</i>, <i>RPB1</i>, and <i>RPB2</i>). As a result, we describe two new species (<i>De. laetum</i> and <i>De. rigoratum</i>), transfer three existing species to <i>Dendrodacrys</i> (<i>De. brasiliense, De. dendrocalami</i>, and <i>De. pezizoideum</i>), and raise one variety to the species level (<i>De. kennedyae</i> ≡ <i>Dacrymyces enatus</i> var. <i>macrosporus</i>). In addition, we provide descriptions for the earlier combined <i>De. paraphysatum</i> and four new informal taxa. Lastly, we present illustrations, a character table, and an identification key that addresses all known dacrymycetes with branched hyphidia. <b>Citation:</b> Savchenko A, Zamora JC, Alvarenga R, Kõljalg U, Miettinen O (2022). Additions to <i>Dendrodacrys</i> and outline of taxa with branched hyphidia in <i>Dacrymycetes</i> (<i>Basidiomycota</i>). <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>10</b>: 103-126. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.04.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"10 ","pages":"103-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9287811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-01-28DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.03
V Guarnaccia, I Martino, G Tabone, P W Crous, M L Gullino
Leaf and stem spots are among the most important diseases compromising ornamental plants worldwide. In this study, Paraphoma garibaldiisp. nov. is described from leaf lesions on Campanula rapunculoides in Piedmont, Northern Italy. The new species was characterised using a polyphasic approach including morphological characterisation and a multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (tub2) markers. Pathogenicity tests and the fulfilment of Koch's postulates confirm P. garibaldii as a novel foliar pathogen of Campanula rapunculoides. Presently, the fungal infection due to Paraphoma garibaldii is known from a single location in Italy, and further surveys are required to determine its distribution and relative importance. Citation: Guarnaccia V, Martino I, Tabone G, Crous PW, Gullino ML (2022). Paraphoma garibaldii sp. nov. causing leaf spot disease of Campanula rapunculoides in Italy. Fungal Systematics and Evolution9: 19-26. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.03.
{"title":"<i>Paraphoma</i> <i>garibaldii</i> <i>sp. nov</i>. causing leaf spot disease of <i>Campanula rapunculoides</i> in Italy.","authors":"V Guarnaccia, I Martino, G Tabone, P W Crous, M L Gullino","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.03","DOIUrl":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf and stem spots are among the most important diseases compromising ornamental plants worldwide. In this study, <i>Paraphoma garibaldii</i> <i>sp. nov</i>. is described from leaf lesions on <i>Campanula rapunculoides</i> in Piedmont, Northern Italy. The new species was characterised using a polyphasic approach including morphological characterisation and a multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>tef1</i>), the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (<i>tub2</i>) markers. Pathogenicity tests and the fulfilment of Koch's postulates confirm <i>P. garibaldii</i> as a novel foliar pathogen of <i>Campanula rapunculoides</i>. Presently, the fungal infection due to <i>Paraphoma garibaldii</i> is known from a single location in Italy, and further surveys are required to determine its distribution and relative importance. <b>Citation:</b> Guarnaccia V, Martino I, Tabone G, Crous PW, Gullino ML (2022). <i>Paraphoma garibaldii sp. nov.</i> causing leaf spot disease of <i>Campanula rapunculoides</i> in Italy. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 19-26. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/9e/fuse-2022-9-3.PMC9355101.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-04-08DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05
J A Crouch, W J Davis, N Shishkoff, V L Castroagudín, F Martin, R Michelmore, M Thines
Downy mildew pathogens of graminicolous hosts (Poaceae) are members of eight morphologically and phylogenetically distinct genera in the Peronosporaceae (Oomycota,Peronosporales). Graminicolous downy mildews (GDMs) cause severe losses in crops such as maize, millets, sorghum, and sugarcane in many parts of the world, especially in tropical climates. In countries where the most destructive GDMs are not endemic, these organisms are often designated as high-risk foreign pathogens and subject to oversight and quarantine by regulatory officials. Thus, there is a need to reliably and accurately identify the causal organisms. This paper provides an overview of the Peronosporaceae species causing graminicolous downy mildew diseases, with a description of their impact on agriculture and the environment, along with brief summaries of the nomenclatural and taxonomic issues surrounding these taxa. Key diagnostic characters are summarized, including DNA sequence data for types and/or voucher specimens, morphological features, and new illustrations. New sequence data for cox2 and 28S rDNA markers are provided from the type specimens of three species, Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Sclerospora iseilematis, and Sclerospora northii. Thirty-nine species of graminicolous downy mildews are accepted, and seven previously invalidly published taxa are validated. Fifty-five specimens are formally designated as types, including lectotypification of 10 species, neotypification of three species, and holotype designation for Sclerophthora cryophila. Citation: Crouch JA, Davis WJ, Shishkoff N, Castroagudín VL, Martin F, Michelmore R, Thines M (2022). Peronosporaceae species causing downy mildew diseases of Poaceae, including nomenclature revisions and diagnostic resources. Fungal Systematics and Evolution9: 43-86. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05.
禾本科寄主霜霉病病原菌(禾本科寄主霜霉病科)是禾本科霜霉科8个形态和系统发育上截然不同的属。谷物霜霉病(gdm)在世界许多地区造成玉米、小米、高粱和甘蔗等作物的严重损失,特别是在热带气候地区。在最具破坏性的gdm不流行的国家,这些生物通常被指定为高风险的外来病原体,并受到监管官员的监督和检疫。因此,有必要可靠而准确地识别因果生物体。本文综述了引起禾状霜霉病的霜霉科植物,描述了它们对农业和环境的影响,并简要总结了这些分类群的命名和分类问题。总结了关键的诊断特征,包括类型和/或凭证标本的DNA序列数据,形态特征和新的插图。从菲律宾核孢子虫(Peronosclerospora philippinensis)、iseilematis核孢子虫(Sclerospora iseilematis)和北方核孢子虫(Sclerospora northii)的模式标本中获得了新的cox2和28S rDNA标记序列数据。39种谷物色霜霉被接受,7个以前无效的分类群被证实。55个标本被正式指定为类型,包括10个物种的lectotypification, 3个物种的新类型,以及冻僵疫霉的全类型。引用本文:Crouch JA, Davis WJ, Shishkoff N, Castroagudín VL, Martin F, Michelmore R, Thines M(2022)。引起禾科霜霉病的霜霉科植物,包括命名修订和诊断资源。真菌分类学与进化9:43-86。doi: 10.3114 / fuse.2022.09.05。
{"title":"<i>Peronosporaceae</i> species causing downy mildew diseases of <i>Poaceae</i>, including nomenclature revisions and diagnostic resources.","authors":"J A Crouch, W J Davis, N Shishkoff, V L Castroagudín, F Martin, R Michelmore, M Thines","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Downy mildew pathogens of graminicolous hosts (<i>Poaceae</i>) are members of eight morphologically and phylogenetically distinct genera in the <i>Peronosporaceae</i> (<i>Oomycota,</i> <i>Peronosporales</i>). Graminicolous downy mildews (GDMs) cause severe losses in crops such as maize, millets, sorghum, and sugarcane in many parts of the world, especially in tropical climates. In countries where the most destructive GDMs are not endemic, these organisms are often designated as high-risk foreign pathogens and subject to oversight and quarantine by regulatory officials. Thus, there is a need to reliably and accurately identify the causal organisms. This paper provides an overview of the <i>Peronosporaceae</i> species causing graminicolous downy mildew diseases, with a description of their impact on agriculture and the environment, along with brief summaries of the nomenclatural and taxonomic issues surrounding these taxa. Key diagnostic characters are summarized, including DNA sequence data for types and/or voucher specimens, morphological features, and new illustrations. New sequence data for <i>cox</i>2 and 28S rDNA markers are provided from the type specimens of three species, <i>Peronosclerospora philippinensis</i>, <i>Sclerospora iseilematis</i>, and <i>Sclerospora northii</i>. Thirty-nine species of graminicolous downy mildews are accepted, and seven previously invalidly published taxa are validated. Fifty-five specimens are formally designated as types, including lectotypification of 10 species, neotypification of three species, and holotype designation for <i>Sclerophthora cryophila</i>. <b>Citation:</b> Crouch JA, Davis WJ, Shishkoff N, Castroagudín VL, Martin F, Michelmore R, Thines M (2022). <i>Peronosporaceae</i> species causing downy mildew diseases of <i>Poaceae</i>, including nomenclature revisions and diagnostic resources. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 43-86. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.05.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"43-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/04/fuse-2022-9-5.PMC9355112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-01-17DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.01
R Chang, W Cao, Y Wang, S Li, X Li, T Bose, H L Si
Black yeasts are a phylogenetically diverse group of ascomycetous fungi that may exist in both unicellular and mycelial morphs. This group of fungi contains numerous commercially significant species as well as others whose precise roles are unknown, such as endolichenic species. There is currently a paucity of data about endolichenic black yeast species. To bridge this gap, we surveyed China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 2019. Several fungal species associated with diverse lichens were isolated during this survey. Among these were two isolates of a previously unknown species of oleaginous black yeast from Mycosphaerellales. Analyses of morphological and molecular data revealed that these two isolates were closely related to Xenodevriesia strelitziicola (Xenodevriesiaceae), although with significant differences. As a result, we established the genus Melanodevriesiagen. nov. to describe this previously unknown species, Melanodevriesia melanelixiaesp. nov. In addition, we used Transmission Electron Microscopy to visualise the intracellular oil bodies metabolised by this fungus in its unicellular state. The black yeast species identified in this study may have a wide range of commercial applications. More research is needed to determine the chemical composition of the microbial oil synthesized by this fungus and whether it has commercial value. Citation: Chang R, Cao W, Wang Y, Li S, Li X, Bose T, Si HL (2022). Melanodevriesia, a new genus of endolichenic oleaginous black yeast recovered from the Inner Mongolia Region of China. Fungal Systematics and Evolution9: 1-9. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.01.
{"title":"<i>Melanodevriesia</i>, a new genus of endolichenic oleaginous black yeast recovered from the Inner Mongolia Region of China.","authors":"R Chang, W Cao, Y Wang, S Li, X Li, T Bose, H L Si","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.09.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black yeasts are a phylogenetically diverse group of ascomycetous fungi that may exist in both unicellular and mycelial morphs. This group of fungi contains numerous commercially significant species as well as others whose precise roles are unknown, such as endolichenic species. There is currently a paucity of data about endolichenic black yeast species. To bridge this gap, we surveyed China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 2019. Several fungal species associated with diverse lichens were isolated during this survey. Among these were two isolates of a previously unknown species of oleaginous black yeast from <i>Mycosphaerellales</i>. Analyses of morphological and molecular data revealed that these two isolates were closely related to <i>Xenodevriesia strelitziicola</i> (<i>Xenodevriesiaceae</i>), although with significant differences. As a result, we established the genus <i>Melanodevriesia</i> <i>gen. nov.</i> to describe this previously unknown species, <i>Melanodevriesia melanelixiae</i> <i>sp. nov.</i> In addition, we used Transmission Electron Microscopy to visualise the intracellular oil bodies metabolised by this fungus in its unicellular state. The black yeast species identified in this study may have a wide range of commercial applications. More research is needed to determine the chemical composition of the microbial oil synthesized by this fungus and whether it has commercial value. <b>Citation:</b> Chang R, Cao W, Wang Y, Li S, Li X, Bose T, Si HL (2022). <i>Melanodevriesia</i>, a new genus of endolichenic oleaginous black yeast recovered from the Inner Mongolia Region of China. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 1-9. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b5/2c/fuse-2022-9-1.PMC9355103.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-05-04DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.06
M E Noordeloos, J Vila, J B Jordal, T Kehlet, T E Brandrud, E Bendiksen, P-A Moreau, M Dondl, J Lorås, E Larsson, B Dima
Abstract: In anticipation of a phylogenetically revised monograph of Entoloma in Europe, six new species of subgenus Cyanula are described here. Entoloma cistocruentatum is associated with Cistus in Spain, E. dislocatum occurs in montane regions in Catalonia (Spain) and Tuscany (Italy), E. indikon is known from Denmark and three species are mainly distributed in the Nordic countries in Europe: E. calceus, E. perchalybeum and E. praecipuum. Entoloma incarnatofuscescens, from the /Rusticoides clade is neotypified. A fully amended description is given based on molecular evidence, which includes the recently described E. violaceoparkensis and E. klofacianum which became later synonyms. Citation: Noordeloos ME, Vila J, Jordal JB, Kehlet T, Brandrud TE, Bendiksen E, Moreau P-A, Dondl M, Lorås J, Larsson E, Dima B (2022). Contributions to the revision of the genus Entoloma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe: six new species from subgenus Cyanula and typification of E. incarnatofuscescens. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 9: 87–97. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.06
在预期的系统发育修订的专着在欧洲,蓝藻亚属的六个新种被描述在这里。cistocruentatum与西班牙的Cistus有关联,dislocatum见于加泰罗尼亚(西班牙)和托斯卡纳(意大利)的山区,indikon见于丹麦,欧洲北欧国家主要分布有三种:E. calceus, E. perchalybeum和E. praecipuum。来自/Rusticoides分支的成功的肠瘤是新典型的。根据分子证据,对其进行了全面修订,其中包括最近描述的E. violaceoparkensis和E. klofacianum,它们后来成为同义词。引文:Noordeloos ME, Vila J, Jordal JB, Kehlet T, Brandrud TE, Bendiksen E, Moreau P-A, Dondl M, lor s J, Larsson E, Dima B(2022)。欧洲担子菌属(担子菌纲,Agaricales)修正的贡献:蓝藻亚属6个新种和e.c arnatofuscescens的分型。真菌分类学与进化9:87-97。doi: 10.3114 / fuse.2022.09.06。
{"title":"Contributions to the revision of the genus <i>Entoloma</i> (<i>Basidiomycota, Agaricales</i>) in Europe: six new species from subgenus <i>Cyanula</i> and typification of <i>E. incarnatofuscescens</i>.","authors":"M E Noordeloos, J Vila, J B Jordal, T Kehlet, T E Brandrud, E Bendiksen, P-A Moreau, M Dondl, J Lorås, E Larsson, B Dima","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.09.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In anticipation of a phylogenetically revised monograph of Entoloma in Europe, six new species of subgenus Cyanula are described here. Entoloma cistocruentatum is associated with Cistus in Spain, E. dislocatum occurs in montane regions in Catalonia (Spain) and Tuscany (Italy), E. indikon is known from Denmark and three species are mainly distributed in the Nordic countries in Europe: E. calceus, E. perchalybeum and E. praecipuum. Entoloma incarnatofuscescens, from the /Rusticoides clade is neotypified. A fully amended description is given based on molecular evidence, which includes the recently described E. violaceoparkensis and E. klofacianum which became later synonyms. Citation: Noordeloos ME, Vila J, Jordal JB, Kehlet T, Brandrud TE, Bendiksen E, Moreau P-A, Dondl M, Lorås J, Larsson E, Dima B (2022). Contributions to the revision of the genus Entoloma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe: six new species from subgenus Cyanula and typification of E. incarnatofuscescens. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 9: 87–97. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.06","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/f3/fuse-2022-9-6.PMC9394465.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-03-30DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04
J C Zamora, A Savchenko, Á González-Cruz, F Prieto-García, I Olariaga, S Ekman
A new genus named Dendrodacrys is proposed for a monophyletic group in Dacrymycetaceae, containing species with pulvinate to depressed basidiocarps, distinctly branched hymenial hyphidia, and up to 3-septate mature basidiospores. Four taxa in this group, occurring in Europe, are proposed as new species, viz. De. ciprense, De. concrescens, De. ellipsosporum, and De. oblongisporum, based both on morphological and DNA data (nrDNA, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, 12S). These new species are all described in detail, illustrated, and compared with other published taxa that with which they can be confounded. The new combination De. paraphysatum is proposed after revising the type material of Dacrymyces paraphysatus, but other combinations or potentially new non-European species descriptions are postponed pending further studies of additional specimens. Citation: Zamora JC, Savchenko A, González-Cruz Á, Prieto-García F, Olariaga I, Ekman S (2022). Dendrodacrys: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in Dacrymyces s.l., with the description of four new species. Fungal Systematics and Evolution9: 27-42. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04.
{"title":"<i>Dendrodacrys</i>: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in <i>Dacrymyces</i> <i>s.l</i>., with the description of four new species.","authors":"J C Zamora, A Savchenko, Á González-Cruz, F Prieto-García, I Olariaga, S Ekman","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new genus named <i>Dendrodacrys</i> is proposed for a monophyletic group in <i>Dacrymycetaceae</i>, containing species with pulvinate to depressed basidiocarps, distinctly branched hymenial hyphidia, and up to 3-septate mature basidiospores. Four taxa in this group, occurring in Europe, are proposed as new species, <i>viz</i>. <i>De. ciprense</i>, <i>De. concrescens</i>, <i>De. ellipsosporum</i>, and <i>De. oblongisporum</i>, based both on morphological and DNA data (nrDNA, <i>RPB1</i>, <i>RPB2</i>, <i>TEF-1α</i>, 12S). These new species are all described in detail, illustrated, and compared with other published taxa that with which they can be confounded. The new combination <i>De. paraphysatum</i> is proposed after revising the type material of <i>Dacrymyces paraphysatus</i>, but other combinations or potentially new non-European species descriptions are postponed pending further studies of additional specimens. <b>Citation:</b> Zamora JC, Savchenko A, González-Cruz Á, Prieto-García F, Olariaga I, Ekman S (2022). <i>Dendrodacrys</i>: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in <i>Dacrymyces s.l.</i>, with the description of four new species. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>9</b>: 27-42. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":" ","pages":"27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/31/fuse-2022-9-4.PMC9355100.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}