Fungal systematics and evolution最新文献

The genus Gibellula (Cordycipitaceae: Hypocreales) comprises species pathogenic on and specific to spider hosts. Here, we report on the occurrence of a novel species infecting cave-dwelling, orb-weaving spiders of the sub-family Metainae (Tetragnathidae) in the British Isles. The new species, Gibellula attenboroughii is described and illustrated and its ecology is discussed; leading to the conclusion that infected spiders exhibit behavioural changes similar to those reported for zombie ants. The hidden diversity of the genus Gibellula in the British Isles is further highlighted based on fungarium records and literature searches. Two spider pathogens, previously assigned to the genus Torrubiella, are now transferred to the genus Gibellula, based on their Granulomanus synasexual morphs, in accordance with the one fungus-one name initiative: Gibellula albolanata comb. nov. and G. aranicida comb. nov. Citation: Evans HC, Fogg T, Buddie AG, Yeap YT, Araújo JPM (2025). The araneopathogenic genus Gibellula (Cordycipitaceae: Hypocreales) in the British Isles, including a new zombie species on orb-weaving cave spiders (Metainae: Tetragnathidae). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 153-178. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.07.

The new species Requienella populi in the Requienellaceae is described from Western Norway. Multigene analysis of the four molecular markers ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TUB revealed it as a strongly supported sister clade within the genus. The new species appears to be restricted to old aspen Populus tremula trees and can be morphologically distinguished by submuriform and somewhat smaller ascospores compared to the other species of the genus. A table comparing species of Requienella is provided. The Requienellaceae received a moderate statistical support as a sister group to the Cainiaceae in our analysis and the circumscriptions of the two families need to be studied further using additional genetic markers. Citation: Andreasen M, Jordal JB, Nordén B (2025). Requienella populi sp. nov. (Requienellaceae, Xylariales) from the bark of living aspen trees in Western Norway. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 225-234. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.10.

Hygrophorus citrinofuscus is a striking and rarely reported grassland species originally described by J. Favre from the Swiss Alps. In absence of sequence data for the type specimen, a recent collection from Austria, which is well documented based on morphology and sequence data, is designated as the epitype of H. citrinofuscus to stabilise the species concept. Further collections from Austria and the Czech Republic are given. Morphologically similar species are discussed. Hygrophorus citrinofuscus is morphologically and phylogenetically well delimited and macroscopically characterised by yellow-brown pileus colours, a fibrillose pileus surface, pale lamellae and a yellow stipe, making it readily recognisable in the field. Morphology of the lamellar trama as well as phylogenetic analyses of a combined matrix of ITS, LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data clearly place this species in the genus Neohygrocybe, and a transfer is proposed. Citation: Friebes G, Fuljer F, Boertmann D, Voglmayr H, Kautmanová I (2025). Hygrophorus citrinofuscus: epitypification of a rare waxcap species from Central Europe and its transfer to the genus Neohygrocybe. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 121-132. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.05.

Arcyria, one of the most diverse genera of bright-spored myxomycetes, has recently been identified as polyphyletic within the paraphyletic family Arcyriaceae sensu lato. However, due to the high variability and inconsistency of morphological traits in Trichiales, no taxonomic decision has yet been proposed to rectify this situation. A thorough revision of the genus is necessary. To address this, we present results of the extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling of the genus by incorporating sequences of two marker genes from 192 specimens of Arcyria spp. from 19 countries and six continents into the existing three gene phylogenetic backbone of Trichiales. Our phylogenies decisively confirm the polyphyletic nature of Arcyria, with a considerable part of the genus forming a sister clade to Hemitrichia. Consequently, we erect here the new family Hemitrichiaceae and resurrect the genus Heterotrichia to accommodate the second major branch of former Arcyria species. Additionally, we describe the new genus Spiromyxa with intermediate phylogenetic position and unique combination of morphological traits. Furthermore, we show that most of the Arcyria morphospecies included into this study are either species complexes or para- or polyphyletic taxa. Traits, previously thought to delimit the genus Arcyria, show little consistency with the phylogeny. In particular, the expanding, net-like capillitium, attached to the cup or stalk, appears to have been present in the ancestor of three families of Trichiales, afterwards mostly persisted in two of them and evolved into something else in the third. Such traits as ornamentation of capillitium, cup and spores retain their taxonomic value primarily at the species level. However, the colour of the spore mass in fresh condition partially aligns with our phylogenetic results: most of the yellow "Arcyria" species cluster within Heterotrichia, while red and grey species sort mostly into separate subclades within the clade incorporating the remaining species of the genus Arcyria. Citation: Yatsiuk I, Leontyev D, Schnittler M, Ehlers T, Mikryukov V, Kõljalg U (2025). Arcyria and allied genera: taxonomic backbone and character evolution. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 97-118. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.04.

The Orchidaceae family comprises a highly diverse group of flowering plants. The genus Cattleya is restricted to the Neotropics, with approximately 80 % of the species present in Brazil occurring in epiphytic, rupicolous, and terrestrial habitats. During surveys that aimed to investigate root fungal endophytes of two native orchids, C. locatellii and C. violacea, a total of 10 endophytic isolates were identified as belonging to Eurotiales. A polyphasic approach was applied for the identification and characterization of the cultured species, combining morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the rDNA, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase second-largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. Two new endophytic species were identified and described from roots of C. locatellii, namely Penicillium endophyticum sp. nov. (section Aspergilloides), and Talaromyces cattleyae sp. nov. (section Purpurei). In addition, P. yuyongnianii (section Lanata-Divaricata), T. amestolkiae, and T. atkinsoniae (section Talaromyces) were reported as endophytes from the genus Cattleya. Citation: Condé TO, Ramos DO, Nogueira PTS, Pereira OL (2025). Inside out: New root endophytic Penicillium and Talaromyces species isolated from Cattleya orchids (Orchidaceae) in Brazil. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 179-200. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.08.

Phellodon is a globally distributed genus of stipitate hydnoid fungi recognised by a white spore print and an ectomycorrhizal life strategy. In Europe, many Phellodon species have declining populations and are used as indicators of forests with high conservation values. However, their use in this context and the correct assessment of their extinction risk, according to IUCN guidelines, are currently hampered by inconsistent name usage and unclear species delimitations, primarily within the species complexes of P. melaleucus, P. niger and P. tomentosus. We analysed 286 ITS sequences of Phellodon, of which 51 were also analysed in conjunction with the corresponding LSU regions. This work included 102 newly sequenced collections, primarily sourced from Sweden and the UK. Our phylogenetic results show that four species are new to science and hence we formally describe P. castaneoleucus within the P. melaleucus morphological complex, P. aquiloniniger and P. frondosoniger within the P. niger complex and P. dititomentosus as a sister species to P. tomentosus. The combination P. melilotinus is made to accommodate an additional, previously described, species that belongs in the P. niger complex. We designate lectotypes and epitypes for P. melaleucus, P. niger and P. tomentosus as well as an epitype for P. melilotinus. Phellodon ellisianus is recorded as new to Europe and the ecological amplitude of P. secretus and P. violaceus is revealed to be wider than previously believed. We provide a key to all 13 species currently known in Europe and assign them to three habitat-based assemblages based on data from the Nordic countries and the UK. We hope this will facilitate the assessment of such habitats for legal protection and other conservation-related actions. Citation: Svantesson S, Larsson E, Larsson K-H, Parfitt D, Suz LM, Ainsworth AM (2025). The genus Phellodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) in Europe: Four new species, one new combination, four new typifications and a first European record. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 1-45. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.01.

The infrageneric classification of the genus Lepiota has a long history of continuous refinement. Nevertheless, recent studies demonstrated that some of the widely used sections are not monophyletic in their current circumscription. In addition, the genus Echinoderma, or L. sect. Echinatae in the traditional sense, was shown to be polyphyletic. In this work, the phylogeny and taxonomy of the sections of Lepiota and the species attributed to Echinoderma/sect. Echinatae are analysed based on morphological investigation and a multilocus phylogeny (ITS, LSU, mtSSU, RPB2). Barcode ITS-sequences are provided for 11 type specimens for the first time. The genus Echinoderma is confirmed as a phylogenetically distinct clade. However, species so far treated in Echinoderma/sect. Echinatae form two further clades in Lepiota, one as basal clade in sect. Lepiota and the other as a section on its own, for which the new combination L. sect. Eriophorae is introduced. Lepiota sect. Stenosporae is validated as a result of a nomenclatural re-assessment. Lectotypes and epitypes are designated for Lepiota carinii and Echinoderma perplexum. Echinoderma asperum as currently circumscribed is shown to be a complex formed by at least four distinct clades. The re-assessment and emendation of the sections in Lepiota confirm that the microstructure of the pileus covering is the taxonomically most significant character, while the shape of the basidiospores is less uniform within the sections. Citation: Sarawi S, Piepenbring M, Reschke K (2025). Phylogenetic and taxonomic re-assessment of the genera Echinoderma and Lepiota. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 235-263. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.11.

Samsoniella scoliopterygis (Cordycipitaceae: Hypocreales), pathogenic on the herald moth Scoliopteryx libatrix (Erebidae: Noctuoidea), is described as a new species, based on morphological, ecological and molecular evidence. Infected specimens of this troglophilic moth were recorded from caves, as well as from a copper mine, in southern England (Devon, Norfolk), Northern Ireland (Fermanagh) and the Republic of Ireland (Sligo). The moths were found consistently on the cave floor or rock ledges, rather than on the ceiling amongst the over-wintering, healthy moth populations; producing multiple, white or non-pigmented clavae of the cordyceps-like sexual morph. Synnemata of the asexual morph occurred sporadically in situ but were produced consistently in vitro. The ecology and taxonomy are discussed in relation to previous records of entomopathogenic fungi on Scoliopteryx libatrix and other trogloxene moths. Citation: Evans HC, Fogg T, Buddie AG, Yeap YT, Araújo JPM (2025). A new species of Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae: Hypocreales) on the herald moth, Scoliopteryx libatrix (Erebidae: Noctuoidea), from caves in the British Isles. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 201-223. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.09.

Stone-built heritages are found worldwide, and despite stony surfaces being considered a stressful environment with challenging conditions to overcome, research has demonstrated that it can support diverse fungal communities, fostering a unique array of peculiar yet crucial species. These species exhibit a dual nature, being both foe and friend. While these fungi play a considerable role in the deterioration of cultural heritage, their mechanisms of adaptation to unfavourable environments hold great promise for biotechnology. Despite their importance, there is limited information available about these stone dwellers in Portugal. During an experimental survey aimed at isolating fungal species thriving in a deteriorated limestone funerary art piece at the Lemos Pantheon, a national monument located in Águeda, Portugal, several fungal specimens were isolated that could not be identified as any currently known species. Through morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analyses, seven new species (Aspergillus albicolor sp. nov., Banksiophoma dissensa sp. nov., Knufia lusitanica sp. nov., Microascus lausatensis sp. nov., Neodevriesia saximollicula sp. nov., Paramicrodochium filiforme sp. nov. and Talaromyces benedictus sp. nov.) are here proposed, illustrated, and compared to closely related species. These newly discovered fungal taxa form distinct lineages independent of other previously described species and are classified into seven families across six orders within the phylum Ascomycota. This paper also provides additional evidence that stone heritages harbour a diverse range of new species, deserving additional focus in the future. Citation: Paiva DS, Fernandes L, Pereira E, Mesquita N, Tiago I, Trovão J, Portugal A (2025). Unearthing limestone fungal diversity: Description of seven novel species from Portugal Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 47-77. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.02.

Rust fungi are important pathogens of trees, ornamental plants, and food crops. Field research targeting rust diseases across Korea uncovered three distinct species of Neophysopella, affecting different members of the family Vitaceae. In our examination of both wild and cultivated grapevine (Vitis) species, including V. amurensis, V. coignetiae, and V. vinifera, we found N. meliosmaemyrianthae as well as a previously undescribed rust species, which we describe here as N. viticola sp. nov. Neophysopella ampelopsidis, which was previously identified as a rust pathogen of Vitis spp., has been observed to specifically infect Ampelopsis brevipedunculata. Through molecular sequence analysis of the ITS, LSU rDNA, and cox3 mtDNA regions, we determined the phylogenetic placements of these three species. Our morphological studies revealed the distinguishing features of N. viticola, particularly its unique teliospore layer and urediniospore dimensions. The emergence of N. viticola on economically valuable grapevines raises concerns about potential agricultural losses, highlighting the urgency for developing specialized management approaches in viticulture. Citation: Na DH, Choi Y-J, Shin H-D (2024). Taxonomy and phylogeny of three rust fungi parasitic on Vitaceae in Korea, with Neophysopella viticola sp. nov. on Vitis vinifera. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 127-138. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.08.