Fungal systematics and evolution最新文献

Meristematic fungi are mainly defined as having aggregates of thick-walled, melanised cells enlarging and reproducing by isodiametric division. Dothideomycetes black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi have been allied to Myriangiales, which currently has two accepted families, Myriangiaceae and Elsinoaceae, with fungi mainly regarded as pathogens, parasites, saprobes and epiphytes of different plant species. This study aimed to verify the phylogenetic position using four nuclear markers (SSU, LSU, ITS and RPB2) of the incertae sedis genera associated with Myriangiales, namely Endosporium, Gobabebomyces, Lembosiniella and Phaeosclera, and the new genus, Endophytium gen. nov. (including E. albocacti sp. nov. and E. cacti sp. nov.), established for endophytic fungi occurring in cacti in Brazil. Based on morphology, lifestyle and phylogenetic inferences, these black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi cannot be accommodated in Myriangiales. Combining these results, three new orders and two new families are introduced: Endophytiales ord. nov. (including Endophytiaceae fam. nov. for Endophytium gen. nov.), Endosporiales ord. nov. (including Endosporiaceae for Endosporium) and Phaeosclerales ord. nov. (including Phaeoscleraceae fam. nov. for Phaeosclera). Gobabebomyces and Lembosiniella remained incertae sedis due to their disposition in the phylogenetic tree, that moved among clades accordingly with the gene analysed. Our results show that the inclusion of endophytic fungi obtained from plants in dry forests can contribute to the discovery of new taxa, clarify the phylogenetic position of allied taxa and confer information to the estimation of national and global fungal diversity. Citation: Barreto GG, Souza-Motta CM, Silva GA, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW, Bezerra JDP (2024). Meristematic and meristematic-like fungi in Dothideomycetes. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 77-88. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.05.

The study of the Brazilian cave mycobiota has revealed a rich but highly diverse assemblage of fungi, with Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces being the most frequently reported genera. The present study investigated the airborne fungi and fungi obtained from the bodies of bats, guano, and the soil/sediment from the caves Urubu (in the Atlantic Forest) and Furna Feia (in the Caatinga dryland forest) in the Northeast region of Brazil. Fungal strains were identified based on morphological features and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of ITS, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. A total of 86 isolates were obtained, representing Aspergillus (34), Penicillium (20), Talaromyces (2), and 30 isolates belonging to other genera that will be reported on elsewhere. These isolates were identified as 18 Aspergillus, nine Penicillium, and one Talaromyces species. Eight of the species identified are reported for the first time from a cave environment. Four species showed unique morphological features and phylogenetic relationships, and are newly described. These include two new species of Aspergillus (A. alvaroi sp. nov. and A. guanovespertilionum sp. nov.), one of Penicillium (P. cecavii sp. nov.), and one of Talaromyces (T. potiguarorum sp. nov.). Our study increases the awareness and known richness of the Brazilian and global fungal diversity found in caves. Citation: Lima JMS, Barbosa RN, Bento DM, Barbier E, Bernard E, Bezerra JDP, Souza-Motta CM (2024). Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces (Eurotiales) in Brazilian caves, with the description of four new species. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 89-107. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.06.

The new genus and species Bullatosporium taxicola are described from dead wood of Taxus baccata in western Norway. Despite some morphological resemblance with Hysteriaceae, including low ascomata with a thick carbonized peridium and mainly five-septate ascospores, multigene analysis of the five molecular markers SSU, ITS, LSU, TEF1-α and RPB2 revealed an affinity to Mytilinidiaceae. The new species formed a strongly supported sister clade to the remaining strains of Mytilinidiaceae. Dichotomous keys to genera of Mytilinidiaceae and to hysterioid species with phragmospores in Fennoscandia are provided to aid identification. Citation: Andreasen M, Jordal JB, Nordén B (2024). Bullatosporium taxicola, a new genus and species in Mytilinidiaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) from western Norway. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 197-207. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.13.

During entomopathogenic fungal surveys conducted in Thailand, 15 specimens tentatively classified under Akanthomyces sensu lato were identified. To gain a comprehensive understanding of their taxonomy, molecular phylogenies using combined LSU, TEF1, RPB1, and RPB2 sequence data, together with morphological examination of several Akanthomyces spp. from previous studies were conducted. The analyses revealed distinct clades representing independent lineages within the Cordycipitaceae. These clades were further characterized by different asexual morph types and the respective hosts they parasitize. In this context, we resurrected the genus Lecanicillium to accommodate 12 known species previously classified under Akanthomyces sensu lato, found on diverse hosts. We propose four new genera - Corniculantispora, Corpulentispora, Zarea, and Zouia - from species previously identified as Lecanicillium. Notably, certain Akanthomyces species associated with spiders and parasitic on Ophiocordyceps sinensis were reclassified into the new genera Arachnidicola and Kanoksria, respectively. Moreover, we introduce four novel species in Akanthomyces sensu stricto found across a diverse range of moth families: Ak. buriramensis, Ak. fusiformis, Ak. niveus, and Ak. phariformis. Additionally, we provide descriptions and illustrations of the sexual morph linked to Ak. laosensis and Ak. pseudonoctuidarum, along with a second type of synnemata seen in Ak. noctuidarum and Ak. pseudonoctuidarum. To assist with their identification, keys to the genera Akanthomyces, Arachnidicola, and Lecanicillium are provided, but should not be used to replace molecular identification. Citation: Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Mongkolsamrit S, Kobmoo N, Phosrithong N, Samson RA, Crous PW, Luangsa-ard JJ (2024). A phylogenetic assessment of Akanthomyces sensu lato in Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes): introduction of new genera, and the resurrection of Lecanicillium. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 271-305. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.17.

During surveys in the centres of origin of the coffee leaf rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix in Africa, as well as in its exotic range in Brazil, 23 isolates of the genus Cladosporium were obtained from uredinial pustules. Using a phylogenetic analysis of all isolates involving a combination of partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS) and two gene regions: actin (act) and translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), 12 species were delimited; including four new species - Cladosporium chlamydosporiformans, C. hemileiicola, C. mucilaginosum and C. setoides. GCPSR criteria were employed for species recognition, supported by morphological and cultural characters. The potential of these purported mycoparasites is discussed in the context of biological control of CLR in Latin America. Citation: Pereira CM, Sarmiento SS, Colmán AA, Belachew-Bekele K, Evans HC, Barreto RW (2024). Mycodiversity in a micro-habitat: twelve Cladosporium species, including four new taxa, isolated from uredinia of coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 9-33. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.02.

A new species of Pluteus section Pluteus is described based on collections made in Arizona (USA). The new species is found in high-elevation, conifer dominated forests in the American Southwest, and it fruits directly on conifer wood or wood debris/conifer duff under Pinus, Picea, Pseudotsuga and/or Abies. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of ITS and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) sequences, P. arizonicus is closely related to P. brunneidiscus, but it differs in the smaller basidiospores, less distinct ornamentation on the pleurocystidia and habitat. Other close relatives (P. kovalenkoi, P. shikae) occur exclusively in Eurasia. Citation: Justo A, Clements TA (2024). Pluteus arizonicus, a new species from Western North America. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 191-196. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.12.

Sphaerulina species are plant pathogenic fungi causing leaf spot diseases of various hosts, including arboreous and herbaceous plants. The morphological characteristics of their asexual morphs and leaf spot symptoms are like those of Septoria spp. Due to their similar morphology, species of Sphaerulina have largely been subsumed under Septoria s. lat. A recent revision of the genus Septoria based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships resulted in the separation of Sphaerulina from Septoria. This study reveals the diversity of the genus Sphaerulina in Japan, and the species relationships based on a multigene phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, results of our phylogenetic analysis revealed seven novel species (Sph. farfugii, Sph. hydrangeicola, Sph. idesiae, Sph. lapsanastri, Sph. miurae, Sph. styracis, and Sph. viburnicola) which are described, and two species (Sep. duchesnea and Sep. nambuana) which are transferred to the genus Sphaerulina. Citation: Ujat AH, Nakashima C (2024). Piecing together the taxonomic puzzle of Sphaerulina. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 171-190. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.11.

The ectomycorrhizal genus Piloderma (Atheliales, Basidiomycota) is studied using morphological and molecular methods. Seven new species are identified and described, viz. P. cinicola, P. craurum, P. egens, P. exiguum, P. humile, P. ochraceum, and P. rallum, bringing the total number of accepted species to 13. All new species are supported by ITS sequences from basidiomata and from environmental soil and root-tip sequences available in public databases. A key to all species in Piloderma is provided. Citation: Larsson K-H, Svantesson S, Larsson E (2024). Seven new species in Piloderma (Atheliales, Basidiomycota) from the Northern Hemisphere recovered through morphological and molecular methods. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 57-76. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.04.

Diaporthe species can inhabit various hosts with different lifestyles and live as endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes. Our study analysed 180 endophytic Diaporthe isolates from Miconia sp. in the Atlantic Forest, Brosimum gaudichaudii in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), and Anacardium occidentale in the Caatinga forest and Cerrado in Brazil. Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses [β-tubulin (tub2), internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S rRNA (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), calmodulin (cmdA), and histone (his3)] and morphological features, we are introducing seven new species (D. azevedoi, D. catimbauensis, D. coracoralinae, D. luizorum, D. pedratalhadensis, D. samambaiaensis, and D. vargemgrandensis) and reporting seven known species (D. fructicola, D. inconspicua, D. infertilis, D. paranensis, D. raonikayaporum, D. schini, and D. ueckeri). We also included a morphological description of D. infertilis and synonymised D. lutescens, D. pseudoinconspicua, and D. samaneae under D. inconspicua; D. neoraonikayoporum under D. raonikayaporum; and D. passifloricola, D. rosae, and D. vochysiae under D. ueckeri, based on limited nucleotide differences among DNA sequence data and overlapping morphological features. Our results highlight the importance of including endophytic isolates in the phylogeny of Diaporthe, and show how these data expand the geographic distribution and host relationships of known species. Citation: Ferro LO, Bezerra JDP, da Silva TM, de Oliveira CS, Nascimento SS, Paiva LM, Fan X, Crous PW, Souza-Motta CM (2024). Endophytic Diaporthe species from Brazil. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 251-269. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.16.

Species of Pseudocercospora are commonly associated with leaf and fruit spots on diverse plant hosts in sub-tropical and tropical regions. Pseudocercospora spp. have mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs, but represent a distinct genus in Mycosphaerellaceae (Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetes). The present study adds a further 29 novel species of Pseudocercospora from 413 host species representing 297 host genera occurring in 60 countries and designates four epitypes and one lectotype for established names. This study recognises 329 species names, with an additional 69 phylogenetic lineages remaining unnamed due to difficulty in being able to unambiguously apply existing names to those lineages. To help elucidate the taxonomy of these species, a phylogenetic tree was generated from multi-locus DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacers and intervening 5.8S nuclear nrRNA gene (ITS), partial actin (actA), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), as well as the partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene sequences. Novel species described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Ps. acaciicola from leaf spots on Acacia sp., Ps. anopter from leaf spots on Anopterus glandulosus, Ps. asplenii from leaf spots on Asplenium dimorphum, Ps. australiensis from leaf spots on Eucalyptus gunnii, Ps. badjensis from leaf spots on Eucalyptus badjensis, Ps. erythrophloeicola from leaf spots on Erythrophleum chlorostachys, Ps. grevilleae from leaf spots on Grevillea sp., Ps. lophostemonigena from leaf spots on Lophostemon confertus, Ps. lophostemonis from leaf spots on Lophostemon lactifluus, Ps. paramacadamiae from leaf spots on Macadamia integrifolia, Ps. persooniae from leaf spots on Persoonia sp., Ps. pultenaeae from leaf spots on Pultenaea daphnoides, Ps. tristaniopsidis from leaf spots on Tristaniopsis collina, Ps. victoriae from leaf spots on Eucalyptus globoidea. Brazil, Ps. musigena from leaf spots on Musa sp. China, Ps. lonicerae-japonicae from leaf spots on Lonicera japonica, Ps. rubigena leaf spots on Rubus sp. France (Réunion), Ps. wingfieldii from leaf spots on Acacia heterophylla. Malaysia, Ps. musarum from leaf spots on Musa sp. Netherlands, Ps. rhododendri from leaf spots on Rhododendron sp. South Africa, Ps. balanitis from leaf spots on Balanites sp., Ps. dovyalidicola from leaf spots on Dovyalis zeyheri, Ps. encephalarticola from leaf spots on Encephalartos sp. South Korea, Ps. grewiana from leaf