Intra-body communication will facilitate next-generation personalized medicine by enabling interconnection among implanted devices. To this purpose, energy-efficient communication technologies are required such as galvanic coupling (GC). Although some GC testbeds have been developed to implement the entire communication chain, synchronization problems have not yet been tackled exhaustively. While some papers simply assume a-priori perfect synchronization between GC transmitter and receiver, other studies developed solutions that often are time-consuming. In this paper, an energy-efficient and fast maximum-log-likelihood (ML) synchronization method is proposed, that can operate in real time and follow channel variations. Experiments reveal that the proposed ML synchronization scheme is very effective for short-range GC communication up to 4 cm, with performance similar to the current State-of-the-Art. It shows slightly lower performance levels for higher distances, still it offers the benefit of lower computational requirements than the reference method.
{"title":"An Energy-Efficient Carrier Synchronization Method for Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication","authors":"Farzana Kulsoom;Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry;Pietro Savazzi;Fabio Dell’Acqua;Anna Vizziello","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3399256","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3399256","url":null,"abstract":"Intra-body communication will facilitate next-generation personalized medicine by enabling interconnection among implanted devices. To this purpose, energy-efficient communication technologies are required such as galvanic coupling (GC). Although some GC testbeds have been developed to implement the entire communication chain, synchronization problems have not yet been tackled exhaustively. While some papers simply assume a-priori perfect synchronization between GC transmitter and receiver, other studies developed solutions that often are time-consuming. In this paper, an energy-efficient and fast maximum-log-likelihood (ML) synchronization method is proposed, that can operate in real time and follow channel variations. Experiments reveal that the proposed ML synchronization scheme is very effective for short-range GC communication up to 4 cm, with performance similar to the current State-of-the-Art. It shows slightly lower performance levels for higher distances, still it offers the benefit of lower computational requirements than the reference method.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10540659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141177260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2024.3402900
{"title":"IEEE Open Access Publishing","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3402900","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3402900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10541319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141177268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2024.3383168
Kumar Vijay Mishra;Rodrigo C. de Lamare;Michail Matthaiou;Gerhard Kramer;Edward Knightly;Daniel Mittleman
To accommodate extremely high data rates, provide high reliability, improve coverage, and meet traffic demands in future wireless communication networks, novel technologies have emerged that exploit electromagnetic waves, large multiple-antenna systems, intelligent reflective surfaces, hardware innovations, new network architectures, and higher frequency bands. Considering advances in information theory and devices, fundamental questions arise for system designers on how to develop synergies between theory and practice. Current design and analysis methods are predominantly based on scalar-quantity, far-field, planar-wavefront, monochromatic, and other non-physically consistent assumptions, which can lead to significant mismatches with systems designed based on realistic propagation models.
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue on Electromagnetic Signal and Information Theory for Communications","authors":"Kumar Vijay Mishra;Rodrigo C. de Lamare;Michail Matthaiou;Gerhard Kramer;Edward Knightly;Daniel Mittleman","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3383168","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3383168","url":null,"abstract":"To accommodate extremely high data rates, provide high reliability, improve coverage, and meet traffic demands in future wireless communication networks, novel technologies have emerged that exploit electromagnetic waves, large multiple-antenna systems, intelligent reflective surfaces, hardware innovations, new network architectures, and higher frequency bands. Considering advances in information theory and devices, fundamental questions arise for system designers on how to develop synergies between theory and practice. Current design and analysis methods are predominantly based on scalar-quantity, far-field, planar-wavefront, monochromatic, and other non-physically consistent assumptions, which can lead to significant mismatches with systems designed based on realistic propagation models.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10541322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141177595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2024.3380082
Kaushik Senthoor;Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli
Recently, a class of quantum secret sharing schemes called communication efficient quantum threshold secret sharing schemes (CE-QTS) was introduced. These schemes reduced the communication cost during secret recovery. In this paper, we introduce a general class of communication efficient quantum secret sharing schemes (CE-QSS) which include both threshold and non-threshold schemes. We propose a framework for constructing CE-QSS schemes to generalize the earlier construction of CE-QTS schemes which was based on the staircase codes. The main component in this framework is a class of quantum codes which we call the extended Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes. These extended CSS codes could have other applications. We derive a bound on communication cost for CE-QSS schemes. Finally, we provide a construction of CE-QSS schemes meeting this bound using the proposed framework.
{"title":"Communication Efficient Quantum Secret Sharing via Extended CSS Codes","authors":"Kaushik Senthoor;Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3380082","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3380082","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a class of quantum secret sharing schemes called communication efficient quantum threshold secret sharing schemes (CE-QTS) was introduced. These schemes reduced the communication cost during secret recovery. In this paper, we introduce a general class of communication efficient quantum secret sharing schemes (CE-QSS) which include both threshold and non-threshold schemes. We propose a framework for constructing CE-QSS schemes to generalize the earlier construction of CE-QTS schemes which was based on the staircase codes. The main component in this framework is a class of quantum codes which we call the extended Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes. These extended CSS codes could have other applications. We derive a bound on communication cost for CE-QSS schemes. Finally, we provide a construction of CE-QSS schemes meeting this bound using the proposed framework.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2024.3402896
{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research With the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3402896","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2024.3402896","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10541320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141177599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precision medicine applications supported by nanotechnologies enforce designing a communication interface between in-body nanosensors and external gateways. Such a communication interface will enable both a data and a control channel between nanodevices operating within the human body and external control units. In this direction, recent literature focuses on deriving analytic channel models for intra-body links through the human tissues, including the analysis of achievable communication capacities in the terahertz band. A yet missing component, however, is a synchronization module to implement communication schemes in the intra-body link. Such synchronization module will ultimately bound the communication performance regarding the perceived signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER), for instance. This paper contributes to the state of the art in two directions: (a) evaluating the bounds on the communication performance with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the synchronization symbol timing offset (STO) and (b) designing a low-complex mechanism to synchronize communication. This analysis considers a communication link between external gateways located on the skin and nanosensor devices flowing in the human vessels. Using envelope and slope detectors, we devise a low-complex solution that relies on the received signal strength (RSS) metric to trigger data emissions. The method estimates the peak of the received RSS metric to ignite communication in the most favorable location, i.e., when the nanosensor is located at the shortest distance in the communication range with external gateways. Our findings illustrate the feasibility of such a low-complex synchronization method. Performance illustrates a BER less than $1times 10^{-5}$