Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3411602
Yongjun Kwon;Songcheol Hong
A wideband input impedance-invariant active phase shifter for millimeter-wave 5G communication is proposed and implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process. It consists of an IQ generator, a Gilbert cell-based vector summer, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Input impedance variations of the vector summer according to the states of the phase shifter, which give rise to IQ mismatches, are substantially suppressed in a wide bandwidth. This is effectively achieved by introducing cross-coupled neutralization capacitors to cancel out the Miller capacitors ( $C_{text {gd}}$ ) of the input transistors of the vector summing circuit. The implemented phase shifter shows a maximum gain of 0.613 dB at 24.9 GHz and 3-dB bandwidths of 21.7–28.6 GHz (27.4%). The root mean square (rms) phase and gain errors are measured to be less than 1.5° and 0.25 dB, respectively, for 6-bit 360° phase and 4-bit 10-dB gain controls. The core area and power consumption are $0.47~text {mm}^{2}$ and 14.4 mW, respectively.
{"title":"Wideband Input Impedance-Invariant Active Phase Shifter Using Miller Capacitor Cancellation for 5G Communication","authors":"Yongjun Kwon;Songcheol Hong","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3411602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3411602","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband input impedance-invariant active phase shifter for millimeter-wave 5G communication is proposed and implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process. It consists of an IQ generator, a Gilbert cell-based vector summer, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Input impedance variations of the vector summer according to the states of the phase shifter, which give rise to IQ mismatches, are substantially suppressed in a wide bandwidth. This is effectively achieved by introducing cross-coupled neutralization capacitors to cancel out the Miller capacitors (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$C_{text {gd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) of the input transistors of the vector summing circuit. The implemented phase shifter shows a maximum gain of 0.613 dB at 24.9 GHz and 3-dB bandwidths of 21.7–28.6 GHz (27.4%). The root mean square (rms) phase and gain errors are measured to be less than 1.5° and 0.25 dB, respectively, for 6-bit 360° phase and 4-bit 10-dB gain controls. The core area and power consumption are \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.47~text {mm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and 14.4 mW, respectively.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1091-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440831
Nicholas R. Jungwirth;Meagan C. Papac;Bryan T. Bosworth;Aaron M. Hagerstrom;Eric J. Marksz;Jerome Cheron;Kassiopeia Smith;Angela C. Stelson;Ari Feldman;Dylan F. Williams;Christian J. Long;Nathan D. Orloff
We demonstrate three different broadside-coupled coplanar waveguides (CPWs) to 325 GHz that do not require bump bonds, wire bonds, or direct metal-to-metal bonding. Our design approach used a multimoded distributed theory rather than the conventional $lambda /4 $ approximation. The different interconnects had insertion losses better than 0.7 dB at 63, 93, and 120 GHz.
{"title":"Demonstrating Broadside-Coupled Coplanar Waveguide Interconnects to 325 GHz","authors":"Nicholas R. Jungwirth;Meagan C. Papac;Bryan T. Bosworth;Aaron M. Hagerstrom;Eric J. Marksz;Jerome Cheron;Kassiopeia Smith;Angela C. Stelson;Ari Feldman;Dylan F. Williams;Christian J. Long;Nathan D. Orloff","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440831","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate three different broadside-coupled coplanar waveguides (CPWs) to 325 GHz that do not require bump bonds, wire bonds, or direct metal-to-metal bonding. Our design approach used a multimoded distributed theory rather than the conventional \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda /4 $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 approximation. The different interconnects had insertion losses better than 0.7 dB at 63, 93, and 120 GHz.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1147-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter presents a wideband high-efficiency continuous-mode class-GF−1 (CCGF−1) power amplifier (PA) with harmonic suppression. An accurate impedance design space (IDS) in the load terminal is provided, considering the influence caused by the input second harmonic voltage. Moreover, the PA design focuses on the output matching network (MN) for suppressing the second harmonic component, which increases drain efficiency (DE). Meanwhile, the proposed CCGF−1 PA achieves close to one octave bandwidth (BW), because the design relaxes the relationship between input fundamental and second harmonic voltage for the first time. To verify the proposed methodology, a prototype is designed and fabricated by using a 10-W gallium nitride (GaN) device. The simulated and measured results show that the CCGF−1 PA achieves the DE of 64.3%–82.7%, the gain of 11.5–15.9 dB, and the output power of 38.2–42.4 dBm over the frequency range from 1.1 to 2 GHz. Compared with existing typical continuous-mode PAs, the design exhibits higher efficiency and wider BW.
{"title":"A Wideband High-Efficiency Continuous-Mode Class-GF−1 Power Amplifier With Second Harmonic Suppression","authors":"Huawei Wu;Qiang Liu;Wang Liu;Guangxing Du;Guolin Li;Dong Cheng","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3438550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3438550","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a wideband high-efficiency continuous-mode class-GF−1 (CCGF−1) power amplifier (PA) with harmonic suppression. An accurate impedance design space (IDS) in the load terminal is provided, considering the influence caused by the input second harmonic voltage. Moreover, the PA design focuses on the output matching network (MN) for suppressing the second harmonic component, which increases drain efficiency (DE). Meanwhile, the proposed CCGF−1 PA achieves close to one octave bandwidth (BW), because the design relaxes the relationship between input fundamental and second harmonic voltage for the first time. To verify the proposed methodology, a prototype is designed and fabricated by using a 10-W gallium nitride (GaN) device. The simulated and measured results show that the CCGF−1 PA achieves the DE of 64.3%–82.7%, the gain of 11.5–15.9 dB, and the output power of 38.2–42.4 dBm over the frequency range from 1.1 to 2 GHz. Compared with existing typical continuous-mode PAs, the design exhibits higher efficiency and wider BW.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1166-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter presents a low phase noise wideband fractional-N fast-locking charge pump phase-locked loop (CPPLL) with a time-to-digital converter (TDC) calibrated by a frequency-locked loop (FLL). The proposed TDC loop is activated to adjust the PLL’s loop bandwidth (LBW) and accelerate the locking process. After the PLL locks, the TDC loop is automatically turned off, which does not require additional power and not affect the phase noise. Fabricated in the 65-nm CMOS process with an active area of 1.25 mm2, the proposed PLL achieves a phase noise of −138.55 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from a 1.85-GHz carrier. It draws 54.2-mW power with a 50-MHz reference frequency from a 3.3-V power supply, leading to a −237.7-dB FoMr.
{"title":"A 1.5–2.56-GHz TDC-Assisted Fast-Locking Wideband Fractional-N CPPLL With Phase Noise of −138 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz Offset Frequency","authors":"Ruiyong Xiang;Yixing Lu;Xiao Luo;Sifan Wang;Bodong Zhang;Shengpeng Shu;Haigang Feng","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3427384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3427384","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a low phase noise wideband fractional-N fast-locking charge pump phase-locked loop (CPPLL) with a time-to-digital converter (TDC) calibrated by a frequency-locked loop (FLL). The proposed TDC loop is activated to adjust the PLL’s loop bandwidth (LBW) and accelerate the locking process. After the PLL locks, the TDC loop is automatically turned off, which does not require additional power and not affect the phase noise. Fabricated in the 65-nm CMOS process with an active area of 1.25 mm2, the proposed PLL achieves a phase noise of −138.55 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from a 1.85-GHz carrier. It draws 54.2-mW power with a 50-MHz reference frequency from a 3.3-V power supply, leading to a −237.7-dB FoMr.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1111-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3439733
Xian-Long Yang;Xiao-Wei Zhu;Dong-Yi Huang
In this letter, a low-phase noise feedback oscillator based on a quarter-dual-mode (QDM) substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip line is proposed. By combining a QDM SIW resonator with a microstrip line, a third-order transmission response can be achieved without increasing the occupied area. Two transmission zeros (TZs) are generated at the upper passband to increase the group delay peak and an additional TZ at $2f_{0}$ to suppress the second harmonic signal. The compact feedback-type oscillator using QDM SIW is designed, fabricated, and measured for the first time, which a circuit size is just about 930 mm2. The experimental results exhibit an output power of 0.22 dBm with a phase noise of −134.66 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz frequency offset from the oscillation frequency. The oscillation frequency is 10.1 GHz and the corresponding suppression of the second harmonic signal is more than 52 dBc.
{"title":"Quarter-Dual-Mode SIW and Microstrip Line Resonator Stabled Feedback Oscillator","authors":"Xian-Long Yang;Xiao-Wei Zhu;Dong-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3439733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3439733","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a low-phase noise feedback oscillator based on a quarter-dual-mode (QDM) substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip line is proposed. By combining a QDM SIW resonator with a microstrip line, a third-order transmission response can be achieved without increasing the occupied area. Two transmission zeros (TZs) are generated at the upper passband to increase the group delay peak and an additional TZ at \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to suppress the second harmonic signal. The compact feedback-type oscillator using QDM SIW is designed, fabricated, and measured for the first time, which a circuit size is just about 930 mm2. The experimental results exhibit an output power of 0.22 dBm with a phase noise of −134.66 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz frequency offset from the oscillation frequency. The oscillation frequency is 10.1 GHz and the corresponding suppression of the second harmonic signal is more than 52 dBc.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1178-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3433484
Yufeng Zhang;Qingyue Chen;Kun Gao;Xin Liu;Wenhua Chen;Haigang Feng;Zhenghe Feng;Fadhel M. Ghannouchi
This article presents a novel artificial neural network (ANN)-based digital predistortion (DPD) coefficients prediction (ANN-DPDCP) technique for dynamic nonlinearities induced by varying input power levels of power amplifiers (PAs). Conventional DPD techniques face challenges in mitigating dynamic nonlinearities efficiently. By modeling and predicting variations of conventional Volterra-based DPD coefficients using ANNs, the ANN-DPDCP technique rapidly provides appropriate DPD coefficients based on the target input power level. Benefiting from its concise training dataset and fitting capability, the ANN-DPDCP technique requires limited storage resources and derives DPD coefficients at arbitrary input power levels with negligible delay and comparable linearization performance. Experiments on a Ka-band PA driven by 100- and 400-MHz signals with a 12-dBm input power range illustrate storage resource reductions of 99.54% for 400 MHz and 99.81% for 100 MHz.
{"title":"A Novel Digital Predistortion Coefficients Prediction Technique for Dynamic PA Nonlinearities Using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Yufeng Zhang;Qingyue Chen;Kun Gao;Xin Liu;Wenhua Chen;Haigang Feng;Zhenghe Feng;Fadhel M. Ghannouchi","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3433484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3433484","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel artificial neural network (ANN)-based digital predistortion (DPD) coefficients prediction (ANN-DPDCP) technique for dynamic nonlinearities induced by varying input power levels of power amplifiers (PAs). Conventional DPD techniques face challenges in mitigating dynamic nonlinearities efficiently. By modeling and predicting variations of conventional Volterra-based DPD coefficients using ANNs, the ANN-DPDCP technique rapidly provides appropriate DPD coefficients based on the target input power level. Benefiting from its concise training dataset and fitting capability, the ANN-DPDCP technique requires limited storage resources and derives DPD coefficients at arbitrary input power levels with negligible delay and comparable linearization performance. Experiments on a Ka-band PA driven by 100- and 400-MHz signals with a 12-dBm input power range illustrate storage resource reductions of 99.54% for 400 MHz and 99.81% for 100 MHz.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1115-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436613
Giovanni Scarlato;John R. Long
Two-pole and three-pole fully differential bridged T-coils applicable to wideband and high-speed integrated circuits are described. T-coil prototypes designed for maximally flat amplitude (MFA) and envelope delay (MFED) responses are characterized. Measured transimpedance bandwidth and group delay of the two-pole MFA design are 43.2 GHz and $7~{pm }~2$ ps, respectively, across 45 GHz. The three-pole MFED design exhibits 23-GHz bandwidth and $12~{pm }~2$ -ps group delay across 30 GHz. The bandwidth extension ratio (BWER) compared to each respective unpeaked R-C circuit is $2.43times $ (MFA) and $2.2times $ (MFED). Implemented in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS technology, the T-coil prototypes occupy a chip area of $224 times 215~{mu {text {m}}^{2}}$ .
{"title":"A Monolithic Differential Bridged T-Coil","authors":"Giovanni Scarlato;John R. Long","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436613","url":null,"abstract":"Two-pole and three-pole fully differential bridged T-coils applicable to wideband and high-speed integrated circuits are described. T-coil prototypes designed for maximally flat amplitude (MFA) and envelope delay (MFED) responses are characterized. Measured transimpedance bandwidth and group delay of the two-pole MFA design are 43.2 GHz and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$7~{pm }~2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 ps, respectively, across 45 GHz. The three-pole MFED design exhibits 23-GHz bandwidth and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$12~{pm }~2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-ps group delay across 30 GHz. The bandwidth extension ratio (BWER) compared to each respective unpeaked R-C circuit is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.43times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (MFA) and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.2times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (MFED). Implemented in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS technology, the T-coil prototypes occupy a chip area of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$224 times 215~{mu {text {m}}^{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1158-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3426192
{"title":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3426192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3426192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 8","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10631758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436529
Ronghao Chen;Mengting Tu;Pedro Cheong;Wai-Wa Choi
This letter introduces a novel calibration scheme designed for concurrent dual-band receivers based on a multiport interferometer aimed at resolving mismatches introduced by circuitry imperfections and distortion resulting from mutual interference. With mathematical deviations, we have demonstrated how these nonidealities degrade the performance of the receiver. In addition, we have shown that our proposed scheme has an affirmative impact on the mismatches and mutual interference between different input signals. With numerical investigations, the effectiveness of the proposed structure is validated, and a minimum of 36.2% and 66.7% improvement in error vector magnitude (EVM) is recorded compared with the reported literature under 0.2 and 2 Gb/s, respectively. In addition, a 15.6-dB improvement in the isolation between the dual-band signals is achieved.
{"title":"Calibration Techniques for Concurrent Dual-Band Multiport Receivers","authors":"Ronghao Chen;Mengting Tu;Pedro Cheong;Wai-Wa Choi","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436529","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a novel calibration scheme designed for concurrent dual-band receivers based on a multiport interferometer aimed at resolving mismatches introduced by circuitry imperfections and distortion resulting from mutual interference. With mathematical deviations, we have demonstrated how these nonidealities degrade the performance of the receiver. In addition, we have shown that our proposed scheme has an affirmative impact on the mismatches and mutual interference between different input signals. With numerical investigations, the effectiveness of the proposed structure is validated, and a minimum of 36.2% and 66.7% improvement in error vector magnitude (EVM) is recorded compared with the reported literature under 0.2 and 2 Gb/s, respectively. In addition, a 15.6-dB improvement in the isolation between the dual-band signals is achieved.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1202-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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