Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3449813
Qiuyi Wu;Shangru Li;Yimin Yang
This letter introduces a novel method for decomposing high-order filter transfer matrices using the Bezout theorem, ensuring numerical stability. By employing polynomial division and remainder calculations, it circumvents the errors associated with evaluating high-order polynomials. Furthermore, since the extraction process involves updating the reciprocity equation, the numerical errors introduced at each step do not accumulate, ensuring a stable process. This letter outlines the extraction process for each element within the extracted pole (EP) filter and validates the proposed approach’s effectiveness and numerical stability by synthesizing a 16th-order dual-band filter with seven transmission zeros. Through error analysis, this letter quantitatively assesses the error levels of various methods, underscoring the substantial benefits of the proposed method.
{"title":"Transfer Matrices Decomposition With Bezout Theorem","authors":"Qiuyi Wu;Shangru Li;Yimin Yang","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3449813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3449813","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a novel method for decomposing high-order filter transfer matrices using the Bezout theorem, ensuring numerical stability. By employing polynomial division and remainder calculations, it circumvents the errors associated with evaluating high-order polynomials. Furthermore, since the extraction process involves updating the reciprocity equation, the numerical errors introduced at each step do not accumulate, ensuring a stable process. This letter outlines the extraction process for each element within the extracted pole (EP) filter and validates the proposed approach’s effectiveness and numerical stability by synthesizing a 16th-order dual-band filter with seven transmission zeros. Through error analysis, this letter quantitatively assesses the error levels of various methods, underscoring the substantial benefits of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1143-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3445651
Sutton Hathorn;Saeed Mohammadi
This work presents a class-F voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) optimized for small area and low power. The VCO uses a transformer core to create an additional resonant peak at the third harmonic of the fundamental frequency and therefore improves phase noise performance. The transformer provides passive voltage gain which in turn allows for a reduction in supply voltage and power consumption. The VCO, with an area of only 0.022 mm2, was implemented in 22-nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) and achieves a peak area figure of merit $text {FOM}_{A}=189~text {dB}$ at 11.4 GHz. With a tuning range of 11.3–15.6 GHz, the peak power consumption is 6.6 mW at a supply voltage of 0.45 V.
{"title":"A Low-Power Compact Ku-Band Class-F VCO With 32% Tuning Range in 22-nm FDSOI","authors":"Sutton Hathorn;Saeed Mohammadi","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3445651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3445651","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a class-F voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) optimized for small area and low power. The VCO uses a transformer core to create an additional resonant peak at the third harmonic of the fundamental frequency and therefore improves phase noise performance. The transformer provides passive voltage gain which in turn allows for a reduction in supply voltage and power consumption. The VCO, with an area of only 0.022 mm2, was implemented in 22-nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) and achieves a peak area figure of merit \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {FOM}_{A}=189~text {dB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 at 11.4 GHz. With a tuning range of 11.3–15.6 GHz, the peak power consumption is 6.6 mW at a supply voltage of 0.45 V.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1182-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440336
Jianwei Zhou;Guohua Liu;Zhiwei Zhang;Yuezhi Wu
This letter proposes a dual-band synchronous rectifier based on GaN transistors. To improve the efficiency of the rectifier, a dual-frequency phase-shifting network is analyzed based on the positive and negative polarity modes of the rectifier. Then, the phase shift difference between any two frequencies is realized using a phase-shifting structure consisting of L- and T-type networks. A high-efficiency dual-band GaN synchronous rectifier operating at 0.905 and 2.4 GHz is fabricated. In addition, a high-power wireless power transmission experimental system was constructed using horn antennas. The system consists of a dual-band synchronous rectifier, a broadband power amplifier (PA), and a pair of waveguide input-type standard gain horn antennas. Measurement results verify the feasibility of the proposed system.
本文提出了一种基于氮化镓晶体管的双频同步整流器。为了提高整流器的效率，根据整流器的正负极性模式分析了双频移相网络。然后，利用由 L 型和 T 型网络组成的移相结构实现任意两个频率之间的移相差。我们制造出了工作频率为 0.905 和 2.4 GHz 的高效双频氮化镓同步整流器。此外，还利用号角天线构建了一个大功率无线电力传输实验系统。该系统由双频同步整流器、宽带功率放大器（PA）和一对波导输入型标准增益号角天线组成。测量结果验证了拟议系统的可行性。
{"title":"Design of Dual-Band Synchronous Rectifier for High-Power Wireless Power Transmission System","authors":"Jianwei Zhou;Guohua Liu;Zhiwei Zhang;Yuezhi Wu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440336","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a dual-band synchronous rectifier based on GaN transistors. To improve the efficiency of the rectifier, a dual-frequency phase-shifting network is analyzed based on the positive and negative polarity modes of the rectifier. Then, the phase shift difference between any two frequencies is realized using a phase-shifting structure consisting of L- and T-type networks. A high-efficiency dual-band GaN synchronous rectifier operating at 0.905 and 2.4 GHz is fabricated. In addition, a high-power wireless power transmission experimental system was constructed using horn antennas. The system consists of a dual-band synchronous rectifier, a broadband power amplifier (PA), and a pair of waveguide input-type standard gain horn antennas. Measurement results verify the feasibility of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1194-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3439595
Muhammad A. Khattak;Daniele Romano;Giulio Antonini;Francesco Ferranti
This letter proposes a novel model order reduction (MOR) approach leveraging frequency-domain proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) models characterized by neutral delayed differential equations (NDDEs). Our technique incorporates frequency-domain derivatives snapshots alongside frequency-domain response snapshots, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the reduced-order model while minimizing the computational overhead compared with solely utilizing frequency-domain response snapshots. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in both the frequency domain and the time domain.
{"title":"Derivatives-Enhanced Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for PEEC Models With Delays","authors":"Muhammad A. Khattak;Daniele Romano;Giulio Antonini;Francesco Ferranti","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3439595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3439595","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a novel model order reduction (MOR) approach leveraging frequency-domain proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) models characterized by neutral delayed differential equations (NDDEs). Our technique incorporates frequency-domain derivatives snapshots alongside frequency-domain response snapshots, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the reduced-order model while minimizing the computational overhead compared with solely utilizing frequency-domain response snapshots. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in both the frequency domain and the time domain.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1135-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10652252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440058
Zhuo-Wei Miao;Fanxu Meng
The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), a variational algorithm to approximate the ground state of the given Hamiltonian, is the leading candidate for receiving quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The eigenmode analysis within waveguides, a canonical problem in electromagnetics, can be reformulated as an eigenvalue problem adopting the finite difference method. Therefore, in this work, a subspace-search-based VQE is applied for the computation of the eigenmodes. The proposed algorithm has the promise to show exponential efficiency outperforming over the classical algorithms. Compared with the existing counterparts, our work makes the additional orthogonality constrain unnecessary in the cost function, meantime, avoids the costly inner product evaluation in the cost function, where a few number of ancillary qubits and deeper quantum circuits are indispensable. Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed framework significantly provides more accurate eigenmode estimation with fewer iterations and shows more favorable resource efficiency.
{"title":"Estimation of Waveguide Eigenmodes Based on Subspace-Search Variational Quantum Algorithm","authors":"Zhuo-Wei Miao;Fanxu Meng","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3440058","url":null,"abstract":"The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), a variational algorithm to approximate the ground state of the given Hamiltonian, is the leading candidate for receiving quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The eigenmode analysis within waveguides, a canonical problem in electromagnetics, can be reformulated as an eigenvalue problem adopting the finite difference method. Therefore, in this work, a subspace-search-based VQE is applied for the computation of the eigenmodes. The proposed algorithm has the promise to show exponential efficiency outperforming over the classical algorithms. Compared with the existing counterparts, our work makes the additional orthogonality constrain unnecessary in the cost function, meantime, avoids the costly inner product evaluation in the cost function, where a few number of ancillary qubits and deeper quantum circuits are indispensable. Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed framework significantly provides more accurate eigenmode estimation with fewer iterations and shows more favorable resource efficiency.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1139-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443768
Juan P. Sánchez-Muñoz;Svetlana C. Sejas-García;Chudy Nwachukwu;Reydezel Torres-Torres
The relative permittivity of printed circuit board laminates is determined from the experimental propagation constant obtained from striplines. For this aim, the phase constant associated with the dielectric media is obtained by applying an equation that removes the delay effect introduced by the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the conductor surface. Unlike previous approaches, no previous knowledge of the characteristic impedance or support from electromagnetic simulations is required. Consistent results are obtained when separately considering single-ended, differential, and common mode propagation data in different arrays of striplines up to 50 GHz. Furthermore, the dielectric loss tangent is inferred from the obtained permittivity by applying a multipole Debye model.
{"title":"Determining the Permittivity of a PCB Dielectric Using Striplines Considering Copper Roughness","authors":"Juan P. Sánchez-Muñoz;Svetlana C. Sejas-García;Chudy Nwachukwu;Reydezel Torres-Torres","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443768","url":null,"abstract":"The relative permittivity of printed circuit board laminates is determined from the experimental propagation constant obtained from striplines. For this aim, the phase constant associated with the dielectric media is obtained by applying an equation that removes the delay effect introduced by the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the conductor surface. Unlike previous approaches, no previous knowledge of the characteristic impedance or support from electromagnetic simulations is required. Consistent results are obtained when separately considering single-ended, differential, and common mode propagation data in different arrays of striplines up to 50 GHz. Furthermore, the dielectric loss tangent is inferred from the obtained permittivity by applying a multipole Debye model.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1206-1209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443269
Jian-Xin Chen;Peng-Xu Zhu;Xu Shi
This article investigates a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) first by etching the inverted T-shaped slot on the central ridge of the ridge waveguide (WG) for constructing a low-loss bandpass filter (BPF). To achieve flexible bandwidth, the upper and lower edges of the passband can be controlled independently by the SSPP and double gratings (DGs) on both sides of the ridge WG. Furthermore, the lower impedance of the ridge WG allows it to be directly connected to the coaxial connector to achieve a compact size. To validate the approach, an X-band ridge WG BPF is fabricated with a measured bandwidth of 7.9–12.2 GHz. The good agreement between simulation and measurement results demonstrates the method’s advantages of small size, flexible controlling of bandwidth, and low insertion loss (IL) of 0.23 dB.
本文首先研究了一种欺骗性表面等离子体极化子（SSPP），通过在脊波导（WG）的中心脊上蚀刻倒 T 形槽来构建低损耗带通滤波器（BPF）。为了实现灵活的带宽，可通过 SSPP 和脊波导两侧的双光栅 (DG) 独立控制通带的上下边缘。此外，脊状 WG 的阻抗较低，可以直接连接到同轴连接器上，从而实现紧凑的尺寸。为了验证这种方法，我们制作了一个 X 波段脊 WG BPF，测量带宽为 7.9-12.2 GHz。模拟和测量结果之间的良好一致性证明了该方法具有体积小、带宽控制灵活、插入损耗（IL）低至 0.23 dB 的优点。
{"title":"A Compact Low-Loss Bandpass Filter Using Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons in a Ridge Waveguide","authors":"Jian-Xin Chen;Peng-Xu Zhu;Xu Shi","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443269","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) first by etching the inverted T-shaped slot on the central ridge of the ridge waveguide (WG) for constructing a low-loss bandpass filter (BPF). To achieve flexible bandwidth, the upper and lower edges of the passband can be controlled independently by the SSPP and double gratings (DGs) on both sides of the ridge WG. Furthermore, the lower impedance of the ridge WG allows it to be directly connected to the coaxial connector to achieve a compact size. To validate the approach, an X-band ridge WG BPF is fabricated with a measured bandwidth of 7.9–12.2 GHz. The good agreement between simulation and measurement results demonstrates the method’s advantages of small size, flexible controlling of bandwidth, and low insertion loss (IL) of 0.23 dB.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1151-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443771
Basem Abdelaziz Abdelmagid;Hua Wang
This letter presents a novel 3-dB transformer-based quadrature coupler (TFQC) that is based on lumped inductors connected between the coupler ports. Compared to previously reported 3-dB TFQCs that strictly require a coupling coefficient (k) of 0.707, the proposed coupler can be designed with any arbitrary k for the transformer (TF), offering a much-expanded design space and scalability across frequency and different technologies. In addition, the required TF’s inductance of the proposed coupler is reduced compared to previous TFQC designs, allowing for a further size reduction. To validate the theory of the proposed coupler, a 48–63 GHz prototype is implemented in a 22-nm CMOS FDSOI technology, occupying an area of 0.017 mm2 with an average insertion loss (IL) of 1.81 dB.
{"title":"A Compact 48–63 GHz 3-dB Transformer-Based Quadrature Coupler With Arbitrary Transformer Coupling Coefficient in 22-nm CMOS FDSOI","authors":"Basem Abdelaziz Abdelmagid;Hua Wang","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3443771","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a novel 3-dB transformer-based quadrature coupler (TFQC) that is based on lumped inductors connected between the coupler ports. Compared to previously reported 3-dB TFQCs that strictly require a coupling coefficient (k) of 0.707, the proposed coupler can be designed with any arbitrary k for the transformer (TF), offering a much-expanded design space and scalability across frequency and different technologies. In addition, the required TF’s inductance of the proposed coupler is reduced compared to previous TFQC designs, allowing for a further size reduction. To validate the theory of the proposed coupler, a 48–63 GHz prototype is implemented in a 22-nm CMOS FDSOI technology, occupying an area of 0.017 mm2 with an average insertion loss (IL) of 1.81 dB.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1155-1157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3442206
Heng Lu;Jianliang Jiang;Hengli Zhang
In this article, a high-efficiency push-pull parallel-circuit (PC) Class-E/F3 power amplifier (PA) with a harmonic suppression network for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. With the double reactance compensation technique (D-RCT), the PA’s design of broadband performance is achieved. In addition, a low-pass (LP) Chebyshev technique is introduced to provide a simple fundamental matching network (MN). Finally, a high-efficiency push-pull PC Class-E/F3 PA is fabricated and measured. The experimental results illustrate that an output power ( ${P} _{text {out}}$ ) is from 36.83 to 41.84 dBm and 82.35%–91.32% drain efficiency (DE) operating from 5 to 10.5 MHz frequency range, which agrees well with the simulation results.
{"title":"A High-Efficiency Push–Pull Parallel-Circuit Class-E/F3 Power Amplifier for Harmonic Suppression","authors":"Heng Lu;Jianliang Jiang;Hengli Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3442206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3442206","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a high-efficiency push-pull parallel-circuit (PC) Class-E/F3 power amplifier (PA) with a harmonic suppression network for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. With the double reactance compensation technique (D-RCT), the PA’s design of broadband performance is achieved. In addition, a low-pass (LP) Chebyshev technique is introduced to provide a simple fundamental matching network (MN). Finally, a high-efficiency push-pull PC Class-E/F3 PA is fabricated and measured. The experimental results illustrate that an output power (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${P} _{text {out}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) is from 36.83 to 41.84 dBm and 82.35%–91.32% drain efficiency (DE) operating from 5 to 10.5 MHz frequency range, which agrees well with the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1170-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter introduces a novel technique for achieving high-precision 2-D tissue imaging by exploiting the sensitivity of a whispering gallery mode (WGM) silicon resonator’s conductivity to near-infrared (NIR) illumination. The WGM silicon resonator, in conjunction with a microstrip line, acts as the primary sensing element. To ensure precise imaging, the tissue under test (TUT) specimen is meticulously positioned on the resonator at a specific distance and manipulated using a 2-D scanner with 3-mm steps. By directing NIR light emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED) through the scanning TUT sample onto the WGM resonator, variations in the silicon resonator’s conductivity are harnessed, resulting in changes in the magnitude of the transmission coefficient ( $S_{21}$ ). The alteration in $S_{21}$ during scanning is contingent upon the absorption of NIR through TUT. As the TUT undergoes scanning, the measured transmission coefficient $S_{21}$ parameters are transformed into a 2-D image map. This method effectively discriminates between fat and muscle tissues, underscoring the feasibility and practicality of this approach. Importantly, the proposed methodology shows promise for detecting various biosensors and holds potential applications in breast cancer detection.
{"title":"Tissue Imaging Technique Using Near-Infrared Illumination of Whispering Gallery Mode Silicon-Based Resonator","authors":"Suren Gigoyan;Naimeh Ghafarian;Aidin Taeb;Mohammad-Reza Nezhad-Ahmadi;Slim Boumaiza","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3436619","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a novel technique for achieving high-precision 2-D tissue imaging by exploiting the sensitivity of a whispering gallery mode (WGM) silicon resonator’s conductivity to near-infrared (NIR) illumination. The WGM silicon resonator, in conjunction with a microstrip line, acts as the primary sensing element. To ensure precise imaging, the tissue under test (TUT) specimen is meticulously positioned on the resonator at a specific distance and manipulated using a 2-D scanner with 3-mm steps. By directing NIR light emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED) through the scanning TUT sample onto the WGM resonator, variations in the silicon resonator’s conductivity are harnessed, resulting in changes in the magnitude of the transmission coefficient (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000). The alteration in \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 during scanning is contingent upon the absorption of NIR through TUT. As the TUT undergoes scanning, the measured transmission coefficient \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 parameters are transformed into a 2-D image map. This method effectively discriminates between fat and muscle tissues, underscoring the feasibility and practicality of this approach. Importantly, the proposed methodology shows promise for detecting various biosensors and holds potential applications in breast cancer detection.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 10","pages":"1210-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：