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Prevalence and determinants of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among internally displaced persons in Mogadishu, Somalia: A community based cross-sectional study 索马里摩加迪沙境内流离失所者中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔携带的患病率和决定因素:一项基于社区的横断面研究
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100851
Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan , Mowlid Abdikarin Mohamed , Abdifetah Ibrahim Omar

Objectives

Internal displacement creates complex health challenges, particularly regarding the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Somalia, internally displaced persons (IDPs) reside in overcrowded settlements with limited sanitation, creating conditions that favor the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). While clinical infections are reported, community-based data on asymptomatic carriage is scarce. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of nasal MRSA carriage among IDPs in Mogadishu.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Daynile and Kahda districts of Mogadishu. A total of 428 IDPs were enrolled using systematic random sampling. Data on sociodemographics, housing, and medical history were collected via structured questionnaires. Anterior nasal swabs were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar, and MRSA was confirmed using cefoxitin disk diffusion per Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of carriage.

Results

A total of 428 participants were enrolled (mean age 24.5 years). The overall prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 51.87% (222/428). In the multivariable analysis, the duration of displacement and household size were significant predictors of carriage. Recent arrival in the camp (1-15 months) was a strong risk factor (adjusted odds ratio = 2.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.64-5.19) compared to long-term residents. Additionally, smaller household sizes (1-4 members) showed higher odds of carriage (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.23-3.51) compared to larger households, potentially reflecting specific housing vulnerabilities among newer, smaller family units.

Conclusions

The burden of MRSA carriage is exceptionally high among displaced populations in Mogadishu. The findings suggest that recent displacement and living conditions associated with newer arrivals are critical drivers of transmission. Public health interventions should target recent arrivals with improved shelter and hygiene promotion to mitigate the spread of resistant pathogens.
目的国内流离失所造成了复杂的健康挑战,特别是关于抗菌素耐药性(AMR)的传播。在索马里,国内流离失所者居住在拥挤的定居点,卫生设施有限,创造了有利于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)传播的条件。虽然有临床感染报告,但基于社区的无症状携带数据很少。本研究调查了摩加迪沙境内流离失所者鼻腔携带MRSA的流行情况和预测因素。方法在摩加迪沙的代尼罗区和卡达区进行以社区为基础的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样方法,共登记了428名国内流离失所者。通过结构化问卷收集社会人口统计、住房和病史数据。前鼻拭子在甘露醇盐琼脂上培养,根据临床实验室标准协会(CLSI)指南使用头孢西丁纸片扩散法确认MRSA。采用多变量logistic回归来确定独立的预测因子。结果共纳入428名参与者,平均年龄24.5岁。MRSA鼻载总体患病率为51.87%(222/428)。在多变量分析中,流离失所的持续时间和家庭规模是运输的重要预测因素。与长期居民相比,最近抵达营地(1-15个月)是很强的危险因素(调整后的优势比= 2.92;95%置信区间:1.64-5.19)。此外,与较大的家庭相比,较小的家庭规模(1-4名成员)显示出更高的运输几率(调整后的优势比= 2.08;95%置信区间:1.23-3.51),这可能反映了较新的、较小的家庭单位的特定住房脆弱性。结论摩加迪沙流离失所人群携带MRSA的负担异常高。研究结果表明,最近的流离失所和与新来者有关的生活条件是传播的关键驱动因素。公共卫生干预措施应针对最近抵达的人,改善住所和促进卫生,以减轻耐药病原体的传播。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of Mpox in children and adolescents in Uganda, August 2024–January 2025 2024年8月至2025年1月乌干达儿童和青少年麻疹的流行病学、临床特征和结果
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100838
Charity Mutesi , Richard Migisha , Emmanuel Okiror Okello , Emmanuel Mfitundinda , Janet Kobusinge Lubega , Patrick Kwizera , Joanita Nalwanga , Hannington Katumba , Joyce Owens Kobusingye , Gertrude Abbo , Daniel Wenani , Bridget Ainembabazi , Olive Namakula Loryndah , Annet Namusisi , Lilian Bulage , Ivan Lukabwe , Dansan Atim , Alex Riolexus Ario

Objectives

Recent Mpox outbreaks in Uganda have primarily affected adults, but children and adolescents are at a higher risk of severe disease. We described the epidemiology, severity, and factors associated with severe Mpox among children and adolescents in Uganda during August 2024-January 2025.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among polymerase chain reaction-confirmed Mpox cases in patients aged 0-17 years in eight high-burden districts. Medical records were reviewed, and Mpox severity was measured using the severity scoring system. Participants’ variables were summarized using descriptive statistics and attack rates. Modified Poisson regression identified factors associated with severe disease.

Results

Among 160 case-patients, males (attack rate [AR] = 2.2/100,000) and females (AR = 2.1/100,000) were equally affected. Children <5 years had the highest AR (3.7/100,000). Household (50%) and school (36%) exposures were most common. Overall, Mpox severity was 91% (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 95% confidence interval: 87-96%). Care-seeking after 7 days from symptom onset was associated with higher severity (aPR: 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.3). Case fatality was 1.9%.

Conclusions

Children, especially those younger than 5, experienced high Mpox infection, often linked to household and school exposure. Care-seeking beyond 7 days increased disease severity. Interventions promoting early detection and timely care in households and schools could reduce Mpox-related morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents.
目的乌干达最近爆发的麻疹主要影响成年人,但儿童和青少年患严重疾病的风险更高。我们描述了2024年8月至2025年1月乌干达儿童和青少年中与严重m痘相关的流行病学、严重程度和因素。方法对8个高负担地区0 ~ 17岁经聚合酶链反应确诊的麻疹病例进行横断面研究。回顾医疗记录,并使用严重程度评分系统测量m痘严重程度。使用描述性统计和攻击率对参与者的变量进行总结。修正泊松回归确定了与严重疾病相关的因素。结果160例患者中,男性发病率[AR] = 2.2/10万,女性发病率[AR] = 2.1/10万。5岁儿童AR最高(3.7/10万)。家庭(50%)和学校(36%)是最常见的。总体而言,m痘严重程度为91%(调整患病率[aPR], 95%置信区间:87-96%)。症状出现后7天就诊与严重程度升高相关(aPR: 1.1, 95%可信区间:1.03-1.3)。病死率为1.9%。结论儿童特别是5岁以下儿童m痘感染率较高,通常与家庭和学校暴露有关。超过7天的求诊会增加疾病的严重程度。在家庭和学校促进早期发现和及时护理的干预措施可以减少儿童和青少年与麻疹有关的发病率和死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of pharmacist counseling intervention to improve health-related quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial 药师咨询干预对改善肺结核患者健康相关生活质量的影响:一项随机对照试验
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100810
Rabbiya Ahmad , Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi , Narendar Kumar , Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman , Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali , Fahad Hassan Baali , Abdulkarim Alshammari , Amer Hayat Khan

Objectives

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) often leads to impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The study evaluates the impact of a pharmacist-led educational counseling intervention on the HRQOL in individuals with PTB.

Methods

This single-blind, randomized controlled trial employed a parallel-group design at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. A total of 206 adults diagnosed with PTB were randomized (1:1) to receive either standard care under the directly observed therapy (DOT) strategy (control group) or DOT plus structured pharmacist-led counseling (intervention group) for 6 months. HRQoL was assessed at baseline and at treatment completion using the EQ-5D-3L and visual analog scale (VAS). Data analyses were performed using SPSS.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference between the control group and the intervention group on the quality-of-life scores post-intervention. Baseline HRQoL was comparable between groups (P >0.05). At treatment completion, significant improvements were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group for self-care (P = 0.03), mobility (P = 0.05), and pain/discomfort (P = 0.01). Mean VAS scores were also higher in the intervention group (P <0.001).

Conclusions

Pharmacist-led education and counseling interventions significantly improve the quality of life of patients with PTB.
目的肺结核(PTB)常导致健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)下降。本研究评估了药剂师主导的教育咨询干预对肺结核患者HRQOL的影响。方法在马来西亚一家三级医院进行的单盲、随机对照试验采用平行组设计。共有206名诊断为肺结核的成年人被随机(1:1)分为两组,一组接受直接观察治疗(DOT)策略下的标准治疗(对照组),另一组接受DOT加结构化药剂师指导的咨询(干预组),为期6个月。HRQoL在基线和治疗结束时使用EQ-5D-3L和视觉模拟量表(VAS)进行评估。数据分析采用SPSS软件。结果干预组与对照组干预后生活质量得分比较,差异有统计学意义。各组间基线HRQoL具有可比性(P >0.05)。治疗结束时,干预组在自我护理(P = 0.03)、活动能力(P = 0.05)和疼痛/不适(P = 0.01)方面均较对照组有显著改善。干预组VAS平均评分也较高(P <0.001)。结论药师主导的教育和咨询干预可显著提高肺结核患者的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants and regional inequalities in pregnancy deworming uptake in Somalia: findings from the 2020 Somalia demographic and health survey 索马里孕期驱虫吸收的决定因素和区域不平等:2020年索马里人口与健康调查结果
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100841
Ahmed Saed Hussein , Ahmed Hassan Said , Mubarak Hassan Mohamud , Bashiir Abdirahman Guled , Sharif Abdi Mohamed , Ifrah Mukhtar Hussein

Objectives

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain widespread in Somalia, yet national evidence on deworming uptake during pregnancy is scarce. This study exams determinants and regional inequalities in pregnancy deworming uptake in Somalia: findings from the 2020 Somalia demographic and health survey (SDHS).

Methods

This study analyzed data from 14,419 women in the 2020 SDHS. Weighted descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression were applied to identify determinants of deworming drug use. All analyses accounted for survey clustering, stratification, and sampling weights.

Results

National deworming coverage during pregnancy was 4.09%, among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. Uptake was significantly associated with antenatal care attendance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.49), iron supplementation (AOR = 0.16), wealth (AOR = 1.81 among the richest), parity (AOR = 1.73), and maternal education (AOR = 1.72 for higher education). Marked geographic disparities were observed, with substantially higher odds in Lower Juba (AOR = 11.48), Bakool (AOR = 8.32), and Bay (AOR = 5.50) relative to Awdal. Nomadic women had increased odds of uptake (AOR = 6.01), while women in female-headed households were less likely to receive deworming (AOR = 0.86).

Conclusions

Deworming uptake in Somalia is critically low and shaped by socioeconomic and regional inequities, underscoring the need to improve antenatal care access and drug supply.
目的土壤传播的蠕虫(STH)感染在索马里仍然很普遍,但关于怀孕期间服用驱虫剂的国家证据很少。本研究考察了索马里孕期驱虫吸收的决定因素和区域不平等:2020年索马里人口与健康调查(SDHS)的结果。方法本研究分析了2020年SDHS中14419名女性的数据。采用加权描述性统计、双变量分析和多变量逻辑回归来确定驱虫药物使用的决定因素。所有分析都考虑了调查聚类、分层和抽样权重。结果全国孕期驱虫覆盖率为4.09%,为撒哈拉以南非洲地区最低。摄取与产前护理出勤率(调整优势比[AOR] = 0.49)、铁补充剂(AOR = 0.16)、财富(最富有的AOR = 1.81)、胎次(AOR = 1.73)和母亲教育(高等教育的AOR = 1.72)显著相关。观察到明显的地理差异,相对于Awdal,下朱巴(AOR = 11.48)、Bakool (AOR = 8.32)和Bay (AOR = 5.50)的发生率明显较高。游牧妇女接受驱虫的几率增加(AOR = 6.01),而女性户主家庭的妇女接受驱虫的可能性较低(AOR = 0.86)。索马里的驱虫使用率极低,受社会经济和区域不平等的影响,这凸显了改善产前保健和药物供应的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The prevalence of comorbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS in Guyana: a cross-sectional study 圭亚那艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者合并症的流行:一项横断面研究
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100820
Nneoma Harris , Ishaku Zechariah , Tariq Jagnarine

Objectives

Comorbidities among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are increasing as life expectancy improves with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of these conditions in Guyana is essential for improving clinical outcomes. To evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities among PLHA in Guyana and to identify the most prevalent comorbidities and associated risk factors from January 2017 to December 2022.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 1066 patients across 10 HIV care and treatment centers in regions 3, 4, and 10. Data were collected using a standardized tool, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision, and analyzed using SPSS.

Results

Overall, 57.2% had at least one comorbid condition, with hypertension (29.5%), obesity (12.8%), and diabetes mellitus type II (7.4%) being the most prevalent. Significant factors associated with comorbidity included age (P < 0.001), ethnicity (P = 0.047), same-sex relations (P = 0.027), ART use (P < 0.001), and adherence level (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Comorbidities are common among PLHA in Guyana and have important implications for HIV management. Recommendation: Implementation of routine screening and management protocols for common comorbidities in PLHA is crucial for improving patient care in Guyana.
随着抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的预期寿命提高,艾滋病毒/艾滋病(PLHA)感染者的合并症正在增加。了解这些疾病在圭亚那的患病率和相关因素对于改善临床结果至关重要。评估圭亚那PLHA合并症的患病率,并确定2017年1月至2022年12月期间最普遍的合并症和相关危险因素。方法回顾性横断面研究使用了来自3、4和10地区10个艾滋病护理和治疗中心的1066名患者的数据。使用标准化工具收集数据,按照《国际疾病分类》第11版进行编码,并使用SPSS进行分析。结果总体而言,57.2%的患者至少有一种合并症,其中高血压(29.5%)、肥胖(12.8%)和II型糖尿病(7.4%)最为常见。与合并症相关的重要因素包括年龄(P < 0.001)、种族(P = 0.047)、同性关系(P = 0.027)、抗逆转录病毒治疗使用(P < 0.001)和依从性水平(P < 0.001)。结论合并症在圭亚那艾滋病病毒感染者中普遍存在,对艾滋病病毒管理具有重要意义。建议:实施常见合并症的常规筛查和管理方案对于改善圭亚那的患者护理至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Long-lasting insecticidal nets, arboviral risks, and ecological vector shifts in refugee settings 长效驱虫蚊帐、虫媒病毒风险以及难民环境中的生态媒介转移
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100809
Giancarlo Ceccarelli , Francesco Branda , Fabio Scarpa , Marta Giovanetti , Massimo Ciccozzi
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引用次数: 0
Candidemia in the intensive care unit before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis COVID-19大流行之前和期间重症监护病房中的念珠菌:横断面分析
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100807
Suzan Şahin , Elif Bombacı , Bülent Kaya , Serap Demir Tekol

Objectives

Increased incidences of candidemia have been reported among intensive care unit (ICU) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The study included adult patients diagnosed with candidemia in the ICU during two periods from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, that were separated by the in-country declaration of COVID-19. We evaluated the incidences of candidemia during two periods marked by transformation of an old tertiary hospital into a completely new and modern facility, which took place just before the emergence of the pandemic.

Results

During the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, 3796 and 10,467 patients were admitted to the ICU, of whom 61 (1.6%, incidence 2.03 per 1000 ICU-days) and 62 (0.6%, incidence 0.66 per 1000 ICU-days) patients developed candidemia, respectively. The median time to candidemia detection was significantly longer in the COVID-19 period (34 vs 29 days, P = 0.022). During the pre-COVID-19 period, Candida parapsilosis (68.9% vs 37.1%) was the most predominant species, which was superseded during the COVID-19 period by C. albicans (35.5% vs 16.4%). Fluconazole resistance was significantly lower in the COVID-19 period (14.5% vs 31.1%, P = 0.027), with a lower resistance rate of C. parapsilosis (21.7% vs 38.1%). Of 3,094 (29.6%) patients with COVID-19, candidemia developed in nine patients ( 0.29%) as compared with 53 patients (0.72%) without COVID-19.

Conclusions

Despite reports on increased incidences of candidemia among ICU patients during the COVID-19 period, lower incidences of candidemia found in the present study both during the COVID-19 period and among COVID-19 patients may be attributed to the complete transformation of our facility.
目的在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,重症监护病房(ICU)患者中念珠菌的发病率有所上升。方法本研究纳入2017年1月1日至2022年12月31日在ICU诊断为念珠菌病的成年患者,这两个时期被国内COVID-19申报分开。我们对两个时期的念珠菌病发病率进行了评估,这两个时期的标志是在大流行出现之前将一个旧的三级医院改造为一个全新的现代化设施。结果2019冠状病毒病前期和2019冠状病毒病期间,分别有3796例和10467例患者入住ICU,其中61例(1.6%,发病率2.03 / 1000 ICU-d)和62例(0.6%,发病率0.66 / 1000 ICU-d)发生念珠菌病。在COVID-19期间,检测到念珠菌的中位时间明显更长(34天vs 29天,P = 0.022)。在2019冠状病毒病前,假丝酵母菌(68.9%比37.1%)是最占优势的菌种,在2019冠状病毒病前,白色念珠菌(35.5%比16.4%)取代了假丝酵母菌。新冠肺炎期间氟康唑耐药率较低(14.5% vs 31.1%, P = 0.027),其中副疏僵菌耐药率较低(21.7% vs 38.1%)。在3094例(29.6%)COVID-19患者中,9例(0.29%)患者出现念珠菌,而未出现COVID-19的患者为53例(0.72%)。结论尽管有报道称2019冠状病毒病期间ICU患者中念珠菌的发病率有所增加,但本研究中发现的2019冠状病毒病期间和2019冠状病毒病患者中念珠菌的发病率均较低,这可能归因于我们设施的彻底改造。
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引用次数: 0
Primary fungal iliopsoas abscess caused by Candida albicans: a rare clinical entity 由白色念珠菌引起的原发性真菌性髂腰肌脓肿:一种罕见的临床病例。
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100850
Hazem Alouani , Ghazi Lâamiri , Manel Yaacoubi , Jasser Rchidi , Mahdi Bouassida , Hassen Touinsi

Introduction

Fungal iliopsoas abscesses are exceedingly rare and typically occur in immunocompromised individuals. Candida albicans is an uncommon pathogen in this location and may lead to delayed diagnosis due to its nonspecific clinical features. Groin extension of such abscesses is even more unusual.

Case presentation

We report a diabetic male patient with a large left iliopsoas abscess extending into the groin. Imaging showed a collection exceeding 10 cm. Initial empirical therapy included fluconazole. Combined surgical and percutaneous drainage was performed. Culture of the drained pus grew C. albicans, confirming a fungal iliopsoas abscess. The clinical outcome was favorable.

Discussion

Fungal iliopsoas abscesses represent a rare subset of deep-seated fungal infections. Diabetes is an important predisposing factor. Diagnosis relies on imaging and microbiological confirmation. C. albicans is seldom isolated from iliopsoas collections, making this case noteworthy. Optimal management includes drainage and targeted antifungal therapy.

Conclusion

C. albicans iliopsoas abscesses are rare and should be suspected in diabetic or non-responding patients. Early identification and tailored antifungal therapy are essential for successful outcomes.
真菌性髂腰肌脓肿极为罕见,通常发生在免疫功能低下的个体中。白色念珠菌在该地区是一种罕见的病原体,由于其非特异性的临床特征,可能导致诊断延迟。腹股沟延伸这种脓肿更不寻常。病例介绍:我们报告一位男性糖尿病患者,其左侧髂腰肌大脓肿延伸至腹股沟。影像显示集合超过10厘米。最初的经验治疗包括氟康唑。手术联合经皮引流。排出的脓液培养出白色念珠菌,确认为真菌性髂腰肌脓肿。临床结果良好。讨论:真菌性髂腰肌脓肿是一种罕见的深部真菌感染。糖尿病是一个重要的诱发因素。诊断依赖于影像学和微生物学证实。白色念珠菌很少从髂腰肌标本中分离出来,因此值得注意。最佳处理包括引流和靶向抗真菌治疗。结论:白色念珠菌髂腰肌脓肿是罕见的,在糖尿病或无反应的患者中应予以怀疑。早期识别和量身定制的抗真菌治疗对于成功的结果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Real-world effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine amid fragility: A case-control study from Eastern Sudan, 2024 口服霍乱疫苗在脆弱环境下的实际有效性:2024年苏丹东部的病例对照研究
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100842
Ahmad Izzoddeen , Ali Abolgassim , Wesam Yousif , Emtiaz Atta Elhussein , Eymanne ElBushra , Dalya Eltayeb , Muntasir M.O. Elhassan , Hassan El-Bushra

Objectives

Cholera is a serious public health threat, especially in fragile conflict-affected areas. Reactive oral cholera vaccine (rOCV) during outbreaks is a key response strategy recommended by the World Health Organization. Sudan implemented a large-scale reactive campaign during 2024 cholera outbreak in Kassala State.

Methods

This unmatched case-control study was conducted between 6 and 26 October 2024 in Kassala locality, targeted by the national rOCV campaign using Euvichol-Plus. Data were collected through structured interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire, and analyzed in Epi Info 7 with logistic regression to estimate vaccine effectiveness and identify predictors of infection.

Results

The mean age was significantly lower in cases (30.6 years, standard deviation = 20.8, P < 0.001). Cases had bigger households and multiple families per household (P < 0.001). Only 42.5% of cases used soap after defecation vs 97.5% of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.018), while 57% used only water (OR = 52.9). Street food consumption (OR = 4.04), funeral exposure (OR = 13.3), and family history (OR = 124.4) were strong predictors. OCV reduced infection odds by 93% (adjusted OR = 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.037-0.13, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Findings reaffirm OCV effectiveness, but emphasize the need for sustainable investment in water sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), hygiene promotion, and risk communication in fragile settings.
霍乱是一种严重的公共卫生威胁,特别是在脆弱的受冲突影响地区。霍乱暴发期间口服反应性霍乱疫苗(rOCV)是世界卫生组织建议的一项关键应对战略。苏丹在2024年卡萨拉州霍乱暴发期间实施了大规模反应性运动。方法这项无与伦比的病例对照研究于2024年10月6日至26日在Kassala地区进行,以使用euvicol - plus的国家rOCV运动为目标。使用预测试问卷通过结构化访谈收集数据,并在Epi Info 7中使用逻辑回归进行分析,以估计疫苗有效性并确定感染预测因子。结果患者平均年龄明显低于对照组(30.6岁,标准差= 20.8,P < 0.001)。病例的家庭规模较大,每户有多个家庭(P < 0.001)。仅42.5%的病例在排便后使用肥皂,对照组为97.5%(优势比[OR] = 0.018), 57%的病例仅使用水(OR = 52.9)。街头食品消费(OR = 4.04)、葬礼暴露(OR = 13.3)和家族史(OR = 124.4)是强预测因子。OCV使感染几率降低了93%(调整后OR = 0.07, 95%可信区间:0.037-0.13,P < 0.001)。结论:研究结果重申了OCV的有效性,但强调了在脆弱环境中对水卫生和个人卫生(WASH)、卫生宣传和风险沟通进行可持续投资的必要性。
{"title":"Real-world effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine amid fragility: A case-control study from Eastern Sudan, 2024","authors":"Ahmad Izzoddeen ,&nbsp;Ali Abolgassim ,&nbsp;Wesam Yousif ,&nbsp;Emtiaz Atta Elhussein ,&nbsp;Eymanne ElBushra ,&nbsp;Dalya Eltayeb ,&nbsp;Muntasir M.O. Elhassan ,&nbsp;Hassan El-Bushra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cholera is a serious public health threat, especially in fragile conflict-affected areas. Reactive oral cholera vaccine (rOCV) during outbreaks is a key response strategy recommended by the World Health Organization. Sudan implemented a large-scale reactive campaign during 2024 cholera outbreak in Kassala State.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This unmatched case-control study was conducted between 6 and 26 October 2024 in Kassala locality, targeted by the national rOCV campaign using Euvichol-Plus. Data were collected through structured interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire, and analyzed in Epi Info 7 with logistic regression to estimate vaccine effectiveness and identify predictors of infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age was significantly lower in cases (30.6 years, standard deviation = 20.8, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Cases had bigger households and multiple families per household (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Only 42.5% of cases used soap after defecation vs 97.5% of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.018), while 57% used only water (OR = 52.9). Street food consumption (OR = 4.04), funeral exposure (OR = 13.3), and family history (OR = 124.4) were strong predictors. OCV reduced infection odds by 93% (adjusted OR = 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.037-0.13, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings reaffirm OCV effectiveness, but emphasize the need for sustainable investment in water sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), hygiene promotion, and risk communication in fragile settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adherence to perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in cancer surgeries: A single-center retrospective study from Oman 癌症手术围手术期抗菌素预防依从性:来自阿曼的单中心回顾性研究
IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100845
Bassem Awada , Manal Al-Hatrushi , Amal Abdallah , Lamia Alnor , Hasan Al-Sayegh , Juma AlKasbi , Amna Al-Hashar

Objectives

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is essential for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), particularly in oncology patients. However, adherence to SAP guidelines globally remains inconsistent. This study evaluated adherence to SAP protocols at a tertiary oncology center and assessed associated factors with non-adherence and SSI outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted at Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer and Research Center (SQCCCRC) from August 2022 to July 2023. SAP prescriptions were evaluated for four criteria: antibiotic choice, weight-based dosing, re-dosing, and duration. Non-adherence to any of the four components considered non-adherent. Demographics, cancer type, surgical procedure, wound classification, procedure duration, SSIs, and microbiology results were extracted from patient records. We used bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression model to identify factors associated with non-adherence. The cumulative incidence of SSIs was also calculated.

Results

Of the 261 surgeries reviewed, overall adherence to SAP protocols was 65%. Weight-based dosing adherence was highest (99.6%), while re-dosing adherence was lowest (80%). Univariate analyses showed non-adherence linked to higher patient weight (P = 0.041), male gender (P = 0.01), wound classification (P < 0.001) and longer surgery duration (P < 0.001), while breast surgery had better adherence (P = 0.0025). In the multivariable model, non-adherence was independently associated with gyne-oncology procedures (odds ratio [OR] = 7.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13-30.86; P = 0.002) and longer surgery duration (OR = 1.35 per hour, 95% CI = 1.16-1.58; P = 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of SSIs was 8.4%, comprising 52% organ-spaced, 33.3% deep SSI, and 14% superficial SSIs. Non-adherent cases were more likely to have SSI compared to adherent (15.7% vs 4.7%, P = 0.004).

Conclusions

The study found suboptimal overall adherence to SAP protocols, particularly in re-dosing practices. Targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions are warranted to address these gaps and minimize infection risk, especially in high-risk oncology populations.
目的外科抗菌预防(SAP)对于预防手术部位感染(ssi)至关重要,特别是在肿瘤患者中。然而,全球对SAP指导方针的遵守仍然不一致。本研究评估了三级肿瘤中心对SAP方案的依从性,并评估了与不依从性和SSI结果相关的因素。方法对2022年8月至2023年7月在苏丹卡布斯综合癌症研究中心(SQCCCRC)进行回顾性研究。评估SAP处方的四个标准:抗生素选择、基于体重的给药、重新给药和持续时间。不遵守被认为是不遵守的四种成分中的任何一种。从患者记录中提取人口统计学、癌症类型、手术方式、伤口分类、手术时间、ssi和微生物学结果。我们使用双变量分析和多变量逻辑回归模型来确定与不依从性相关的因素。计算ssi的累计发生率。结果在所回顾的261例手术中,SAP方案的总体依从性为65%。基于体重给药的依从性最高(99.6%),而重新给药的依从性最低(80%)。单因素分析显示,不依从性与患者体重较高(P = 0.041)、男性(P = 0.01)、伤口分类(P < 0.001)和手术时间较长(P < 0.001)有关,而乳房手术的依从性较好(P = 0.0025)。在多变量模型中,不依从性与妇科肿瘤手术(优势比[OR] = 7.76, 95%可信区间[CI] = 2.13-30.86; P = 0.002)和较长的手术时间(OR = 1.35 /小时,95% CI = 1.16-1.58; P = 0.0001)独立相关。SSI的累积发生率为8.4%,其中52%为器官间隙性SSI, 33.3%为深部SSI, 14%为浅表性SSI。与依从性患者相比,非依从性患者更容易发生SSI (15.7% vs 4.7%, P = 0.004)。研究发现SAP方案的总体依从性不理想,特别是在再给药实践中。有针对性的抗菌药物管理干预措施是必要的,以解决这些差距,并尽量减少感染风险,特别是在高危肿瘤人群中。
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