Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_21
Rekha Roat, Hemant Jingar, R. Verma, Mamta Damor
Introduction: Laparoscopic procedures have many advantages over open procedures, such as less haemorrhage, better cosmetic results, less post-operative pain and shorter recovery time, leading to a shorter hospital stay and less expenditure. Hence, the present study was undertaken for comparing the effect of intraperitoneal installation of levobupivacaine (L-B) plus dexmedetomidine versus ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized study conducted in our hospital on 60 American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade I or II patients of either sex, aged 18–55 years, scheduled to undergo LC surgery under general anaesthesia. All patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each: Group 1: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% L-B plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal, and Group 2: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal. Post-operatively, the patients were assessed for pain utilizing a visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS was graded on a scale of 0–10. VAS was recorded at 0, 1, 8, 12 and 24 h post-operatively and compared. Results: Mean time to first analgesic requirement among patients of Group 1 and Group 2 was 365.1 min and 297.2 min, respectively, which shows a statistically significant longer post-operative analgesic effect in Group 1 patients. While comparing VAS at different time intervals in between the two study groups, all the readings were comparable. The difference was found to be non-significant in the two groups (P > 0.05). Nausea and vomiting were seen in two patients in Group 1 and three patients in Group 2. Complications were noted in <10% of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetic solution in LC provides effective post-operative analgesia, and analgesia provided by L-B plus dexmedetomidine is better than ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine.
腹腔镜手术比开放手术有许多优点，如出血少，美容效果好，术后疼痛少，恢复时间短，住院时间短，费用少。因此，本研究旨在比较左布比卡因(L-B)联合右美托咪定与罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者术后镇痛中的效果。材料与方法:本研究是在我院进行的一项前瞻性随机研究，对象为60例在全身麻醉下行LC手术的美国麻醉学会I级或II级患者，年龄18-55岁，男女均可。所有患者随机分为两组，每组30人，第1组:胆囊切除后腹腔给予0.5% L-B 20 ml + 0.25 μg/kg右美托咪定;第2组:胆囊切除后腹腔给予0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml + 0.25 μg/kg右美托咪定。术后，使用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估患者的疼痛。VAS评分为0-10分。分别于术后0、1、8、12、24 h进行VAS记录并比较。结果:第1组和第2组患者到达首次需要镇痛药的平均时间分别为365.1 min和297.2 min，第1组患者术后镇痛效果较长，差异有统计学意义。在比较两个研究组在不同时间间隔的VAS时，所有读数都具有可比性。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。1组2例恶心呕吐，2组3例恶心呕吐。两组患者并发症发生率均<10%。结论:LC腹腔注射局麻液能有效地实现术后镇痛，且L-B联合右美托咪定的镇痛效果优于罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定。
{"title":"Intraperitoneal instillation of levobupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine versus ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","authors":"Rekha Roat, Hemant Jingar, R. Verma, Mamta Damor","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Laparoscopic procedures have many advantages over open procedures, such as less haemorrhage, better cosmetic results, less post-operative pain and shorter recovery time, leading to a shorter hospital stay and less expenditure. Hence, the present study was undertaken for comparing the effect of intraperitoneal installation of levobupivacaine (L-B) plus dexmedetomidine versus ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized study conducted in our hospital on 60 American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade I or II patients of either sex, aged 18–55 years, scheduled to undergo LC surgery under general anaesthesia. All patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each: Group 1: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% L-B plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal, and Group 2: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal. Post-operatively, the patients were assessed for pain utilizing a visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS was graded on a scale of 0–10. VAS was recorded at 0, 1, 8, 12 and 24 h post-operatively and compared. Results: Mean time to first analgesic requirement among patients of Group 1 and Group 2 was 365.1 min and 297.2 min, respectively, which shows a statistically significant longer post-operative analgesic effect in Group 1 patients. While comparing VAS at different time intervals in between the two study groups, all the readings were comparable. The difference was found to be non-significant in the two groups (P > 0.05). Nausea and vomiting were seen in two patients in Group 1 and three patients in Group 2. Complications were noted in <10% of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetic solution in LC provides effective post-operative analgesia, and analgesia provided by L-B plus dexmedetomidine is better than ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"177 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_199_22
M. Saghiri, Julia Vakhnovetsky
{"title":"Epistemic trespassing into uncharted territory","authors":"M. Saghiri, Julia Vakhnovetsky","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_199_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_199_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"227 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21
Janani Dinakaran, S. Yadav, Saurabh V. Patel
Introduction: Mortality due to sepsis is increasing in the PICUs of India. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the prognostic value of lactate level at the time of admission and lactate clearance for mortality in sepsis and estimate its cut-off value of predicting mortality. This study also aimed to estimate the correlation between lactate clearance with PRISM III score (Pediatric Risk of Mortality score) and duration of stay. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study on 150 patients admitted with severe inflammatory response syndrome with a probable infection in the paediatric intensive care unit with an estimation of serial lactate levels in the blood at 0–3 h, 24 h and 48 h of admission. Lactate clearance was calculated, and patients were followed up till discharge/death. Results: Out of 150 patients, there were 94 survivors and 56 non-survivors; the mean lactate clearance at 24 h was 6.16% in non-survivors, which was lower than survivors at 28.41%. The cut-off value of lactate clearance for predicting mortality was estimated to be 17.6%. PRISM III score and lactate clearance were inversely related. The duration of intensive care unit stay was more in non-survivors with low lactate clearance. Conclusion: Lactate clearance can be used as a prognostic measure for mortality in patients with sepsis and can be used as a guide for treatment.
{"title":"Early lactate clearance in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis admitted in the paediatric intensive care unit","authors":"Janani Dinakaran, S. Yadav, Saurabh V. Patel","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mortality due to sepsis is increasing in the PICUs of India. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the prognostic value of lactate level at the time of admission and lactate clearance for mortality in sepsis and estimate its cut-off value of predicting mortality. This study also aimed to estimate the correlation between lactate clearance with PRISM III score (Pediatric Risk of Mortality score) and duration of stay. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study on 150 patients admitted with severe inflammatory response syndrome with a probable infection in the paediatric intensive care unit with an estimation of serial lactate levels in the blood at 0–3 h, 24 h and 48 h of admission. Lactate clearance was calculated, and patients were followed up till discharge/death. Results: Out of 150 patients, there were 94 survivors and 56 non-survivors; the mean lactate clearance at 24 h was 6.16% in non-survivors, which was lower than survivors at 28.41%. The cut-off value of lactate clearance for predicting mortality was estimated to be 17.6%. PRISM III score and lactate clearance were inversely related. The duration of intensive care unit stay was more in non-survivors with low lactate clearance. Conclusion: Lactate clearance can be used as a prognostic measure for mortality in patients with sepsis and can be used as a guide for treatment.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"187 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22
S. Khan, Mastan Singh, V. Khare, Mir Yousufuddin Ali Khan, T. Raza, Prashant Gupta
Introduction: The emergence of resistant pathogenic microorganisms against conventional antimicrobials has become a global concern. To combat new and re-emerging infectious illnesses, new antimicrobial agents with different chemical structures and novel modes of action are required. Therefore, this study evaluated ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri for their antimicrobial activities against Candida species isolated from different clinical samples. Materials and Methods: This involved the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for the identification of Candida species. The ethanolic extraction of P. niruri leaves was examined. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the leaf extracts against standard American Type Culture Collection strains as well as clinical isolates of Candida species. Results: Using PCR-RFLP, Candida tropicalis was found to be the most prevalent species of Candida, followed by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The ethanol extract of P. nirui leaves showed good activity against all the clinical and standard strains of Candida which were comparable to the standard drug fluconazole. The activity of P. niruri against C. albicans was highest followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the use of P. niruri plant to treat Candida infections, particularly fluconazole-resistant Candida species.
{"title":"Broad-spectrum antifungal activity of Phyllanthus niruri leaves tested against Candida species","authors":"S. Khan, Mastan Singh, V. Khare, Mir Yousufuddin Ali Khan, T. Raza, Prashant Gupta","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergence of resistant pathogenic microorganisms against conventional antimicrobials has become a global concern. To combat new and re-emerging infectious illnesses, new antimicrobial agents with different chemical structures and novel modes of action are required. Therefore, this study evaluated ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri for their antimicrobial activities against Candida species isolated from different clinical samples. Materials and Methods: This involved the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for the identification of Candida species. The ethanolic extraction of P. niruri leaves was examined. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the leaf extracts against standard American Type Culture Collection strains as well as clinical isolates of Candida species. Results: Using PCR-RFLP, Candida tropicalis was found to be the most prevalent species of Candida, followed by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The ethanol extract of P. nirui leaves showed good activity against all the clinical and standard strains of Candida which were comparable to the standard drug fluconazole. The activity of P. niruri against C. albicans was highest followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the use of P. niruri plant to treat Candida infections, particularly fluconazole-resistant Candida species.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"199 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21
E. Jenabi, M. Afshari
Numerous observational studies have described that placenta previa can increase the risk of breech presentation. To date, no meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the association between placenta previa and increased risk of breech presentation. Therefore, we have done a meta-analysis based on epidemiologic evidence of the association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation. A literature search was done in key databases PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus to April 2020. The heterogeneity was evaluated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The publication bias was measured using the Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were presented by odds ratio (OR) estimate with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. The literature review involved 466 articles until April 2020 with 1,972,511 participants. There was a significant relation between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation based on adjusted studies (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.76). To our knowledge, this was the first study that indicated placenta previa is a risk factor for breech presentation. Other studies are needed to identify which mothers with a history of placenta previa are at increased risk of breech presentation.
许多观察性研究表明前置胎盘会增加臀位的风险。到目前为止，还没有进行荟萃分析来确定前置胎盘与臀位风险增加之间的关系。因此，我们根据流行病学证据对前置胎盘与臀位风险之间的关系进行了荟萃分析。截至2020年4月，在PubMed、Web of Science、Science Direct和Scopus等关键数据库中进行了文献检索。异质性通过Q检验和I2统计进行评估。使用Begg和Egger检验来测量发表偏倚。结果采用比值比（OR）估计，95%置信区间（CI）采用随机效应模型。截至2020年4月，文献综述共涉及466篇文章，参与者为1972511人。根据调整后的研究，前置胎盘与臀位发生风险之间存在显著关系（OR=1.93；95%CI:1.092.76）。据我们所知，这是第一项表明前置胎盘是臀位发生的风险因素的研究。还需要进行其他研究来确定哪些有前置胎盘病史的母亲出现臀位的风险增加。
{"title":"The association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation: A meta-analysis","authors":"E. Jenabi, M. Afshari","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous observational studies have described that placenta previa can increase the risk of breech presentation. To date, no meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the association between placenta previa and increased risk of breech presentation. Therefore, we have done a meta-analysis based on epidemiologic evidence of the association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation. A literature search was done in key databases PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus to April 2020. The heterogeneity was evaluated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The publication bias was measured using the Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were presented by odds ratio (OR) estimate with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. The literature review involved 466 articles until April 2020 with 1,972,511 participants. There was a significant relation between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation based on adjusted studies (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.76). To our knowledge, this was the first study that indicated placenta previa is a risk factor for breech presentation. Other studies are needed to identify which mothers with a history of placenta previa are at increased risk of breech presentation.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"164 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21
A. Payehdar, S. Hosseini, D. Mehrabani
Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells, such as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (Ad-SCs), are an appropriate source for cell therapy because of their differentiating properties and secretion of growth factors. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of transplantation of Ad-SCs in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes of mice, histomorphometric and histologically. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups, including the control, azoospermia-induced, and two Ad-SCs transplanted groups sacrificed after 60 and 150 days, respectively. To induce azoospermia, animals received two doses of busulfan (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at 21 days' intervals. Ad-SCs were injected 35 days after the last busulfan injection into the efferent duct of the testis. The cells were isolated from the inguinal adipose tissue of two donor mice. The sacrificed mice were evaluated histomorphometric and histologically. Results: In histomorphometric evaluation, the spermatogenesis index of the Ad-SCs transplanted group after 60 and 150 days did not show any significant difference. At the same time, the index was significantly more than the control group. Most of the seminiferous tubules in the Ad-SCs group after 60 and 150 days were normal in morphology and spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis was absent in the busulfan-induced group. Conclusion: Our findings based on a histological and histomorphometric study on transplantation of Ad-SCs in mice that recovered spermatogenesis in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes can be added to the literature on the effect of stem cells in the treatment of infertility.
{"title":"Histomorphometric and histological assessments of transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in busulfan-induced azoospermic testis of mice","authors":"A. Payehdar, S. Hosseini, D. Mehrabani","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells, such as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (Ad-SCs), are an appropriate source for cell therapy because of their differentiating properties and secretion of growth factors. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of transplantation of Ad-SCs in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes of mice, histomorphometric and histologically. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups, including the control, azoospermia-induced, and two Ad-SCs transplanted groups sacrificed after 60 and 150 days, respectively. To induce azoospermia, animals received two doses of busulfan (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at 21 days' intervals. Ad-SCs were injected 35 days after the last busulfan injection into the efferent duct of the testis. The cells were isolated from the inguinal adipose tissue of two donor mice. The sacrificed mice were evaluated histomorphometric and histologically. Results: In histomorphometric evaluation, the spermatogenesis index of the Ad-SCs transplanted group after 60 and 150 days did not show any significant difference. At the same time, the index was significantly more than the control group. Most of the seminiferous tubules in the Ad-SCs group after 60 and 150 days were normal in morphology and spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis was absent in the busulfan-induced group. Conclusion: Our findings based on a histological and histomorphometric study on transplantation of Ad-SCs in mice that recovered spermatogenesis in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes can be added to the literature on the effect of stem cells in the treatment of infertility.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"192 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44482500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: It is thought that oral hygiene can be influenced by socioeconomic status to some extent. People with higher socioeconomic status often have better access to resources and opportunities, which can impact their oral hygiene practices and overall dental health. Hence, this study assessed knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding oral health amongst the adult population in urban and rural populations of Ahmedabad city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst the urban and rural segments of Ahmedabad district. The zones of the district and participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. The participants in the Ahmedabad district were selected, and those 204 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered. A validated questionnaire was designed in our study so as to satisfy the quality, attain the objective of our study and make the study effective. Results: About 70.42% of the rural population and 77.30% of the urban population has good knowledge, while only 36.1% of the rural population and 47.16% of the urban population had a positive attitude towards oral hygiene practices. 61.27% of the rural population and 64.81% of the urban population showed positive behaviour. The absence of correlation was identified between knowledge-attitude and attitude-behaviour. Conclusion: It has been found that a massive number of the urban population possess a higher level of knowledge and attitude towards oral health than the rural population. No linear positive correlation was seen in knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards oral health.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioural Survey Regarding Oral Hygiene Practices amongst Rural and Urban Population of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat: A Comparative Study","authors":"EshitaDasharathbhai Patel, HiralAkshat Parikh, KeyurH Joshi, Prerna Soni, Alay Unjia, Maahi Soni, Isha Mehta","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is thought that oral hygiene can be influenced by socioeconomic status to some extent. People with higher socioeconomic status often have better access to resources and opportunities, which can impact their oral hygiene practices and overall dental health. Hence, this study assessed knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding oral health amongst the adult population in urban and rural populations of Ahmedabad city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst the urban and rural segments of Ahmedabad district. The zones of the district and participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. The participants in the Ahmedabad district were selected, and those 204 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered. A validated questionnaire was designed in our study so as to satisfy the quality, attain the objective of our study and make the study effective. Results: About 70.42% of the rural population and 77.30% of the urban population has good knowledge, while only 36.1% of the rural population and 47.16% of the urban population had a positive attitude towards oral hygiene practices. 61.27% of the rural population and 64.81% of the urban population showed positive behaviour. The absence of correlation was identified between knowledge-attitude and attitude-behaviour. Conclusion: It has been found that a massive number of the urban population possess a higher level of knowledge and attitude towards oral health than the rural population. No linear positive correlation was seen in knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards oral health.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135441151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjali A Oak, Kailash Attur, Kamal Bagda, Nitish Mathur, Lubna Mohammad, Nikhat M Attar
Introduction: Studies in the pharma industry have shown herbal plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antibacterial efficacy. These medicinal plants are also used in manufacturing modern medicines. This study is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various herbal extracts such as Azadirachta indica , Ocimum tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis and compare with the sodium hypochlorite alone and that with ultrasonic irrigation – an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: A firsthand study was conducted to find the bacterial inhibition of E. faecalis of herbal extracts. For this purpose, 30 samples were extracted and suspended with E. faecalis for each of the seven groups. The irrigating groups were divided into five herbal groups: A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia . It was formed to determine the alternative against the two other groups, sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite, with ultrasonic irrigation. The readings (zone of inhibition) obtained from the agar well diffusion method were subjected to the statistical analysis using the SPSS software (19.0), wherein analysis of variance was used. The P value was set at 0.05. Results: The study demonstrated that A. indica was highly efficient amongst the herbal groups studied against E. faecalis . It was better than other extracts and comparable to sodium hypochlorite alone and with ultrasonic irrigation. The average zone of inhibition for the stated herbal ingredient was better than the commercially used chemical ones. However, there was no statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between all the groups studied. The null hypothesis was hence not rejected. Conclusions: The five strong herbal irrigants such as A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia were found to be the better alternatives against sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite with ultrasonic irrigation. The experiment conducted proved positive with mean results.
{"title":"Laboratory Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Five Different Herbal-based Potential Endodontic Irrigants","authors":"Anjali A Oak, Kailash Attur, Kamal Bagda, Nitish Mathur, Lubna Mohammad, Nikhat M Attar","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies in the pharma industry have shown herbal plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antibacterial efficacy. These medicinal plants are also used in manufacturing modern medicines. This study is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various herbal extracts such as Azadirachta indica , Ocimum tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis and compare with the sodium hypochlorite alone and that with ultrasonic irrigation – an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: A firsthand study was conducted to find the bacterial inhibition of E. faecalis of herbal extracts. For this purpose, 30 samples were extracted and suspended with E. faecalis for each of the seven groups. The irrigating groups were divided into five herbal groups: A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia . It was formed to determine the alternative against the two other groups, sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite, with ultrasonic irrigation. The readings (zone of inhibition) obtained from the agar well diffusion method were subjected to the statistical analysis using the SPSS software (19.0), wherein analysis of variance was used. The P value was set at 0.05. Results: The study demonstrated that A. indica was highly efficient amongst the herbal groups studied against E. faecalis . It was better than other extracts and comparable to sodium hypochlorite alone and with ultrasonic irrigation. The average zone of inhibition for the stated herbal ingredient was better than the commercially used chemical ones. However, there was no statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between all the groups studied. The null hypothesis was hence not rejected. Conclusions: The five strong herbal irrigants such as A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia were found to be the better alternatives against sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite with ultrasonic irrigation. The experiment conducted proved positive with mean results.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, M. Phadnaik, H. Saluja
Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread diseases of humankind. It is a chronic destructive infectious disease that involves the resorption of bone supporting the teeth. The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence and distribution of different forms of bone defects amongst different demographics in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 44 patients of different age groups with moderate and severe periodontitis chronic periodontitis. A total sample of 1041 teeth were explored surgically and classified into suprabony, infrabony, inter-radicular and other bone defects. This study focuses on the differences in the distribution of various bone defects between different groups of age and gender. Results: Amongst 1041 teeth, the prevalence of bone defects was 97%. Craters and intrabony defects were almost equal for the age groups of 31–40 years and 41–50 years. However, in the age group of 51–60 years, craters comprised 33.3%, and intrabony defects comprised 66.7%. Males had two times more 3-wall defects than females. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is a need for applying epidemiological principles to periodontal bone defects in order to better understand the natural history of periodontal disease and eradicate the factors responsible for their commencement and progression. The following research article has been presented at the 2nd international congress of the World Academy of Growth Factors and Stem Cells in Dentistry 25–27 October 2018.
{"title":"Distribution of alveolar bone defects associated with periodontitis: A demographic study","authors":"Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, M. Phadnaik, H. Saluja","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_96_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_96_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread diseases of humankind. It is a chronic destructive infectious disease that involves the resorption of bone supporting the teeth. The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence and distribution of different forms of bone defects amongst different demographics in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 44 patients of different age groups with moderate and severe periodontitis chronic periodontitis. A total sample of 1041 teeth were explored surgically and classified into suprabony, infrabony, inter-radicular and other bone defects. This study focuses on the differences in the distribution of various bone defects between different groups of age and gender. Results: Amongst 1041 teeth, the prevalence of bone defects was 97%. Craters and intrabony defects were almost equal for the age groups of 31–40 years and 41–50 years. However, in the age group of 51–60 years, craters comprised 33.3%, and intrabony defects comprised 66.7%. Males had two times more 3-wall defects than females. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is a need for applying epidemiological principles to periodontal bone defects in order to better understand the natural history of periodontal disease and eradicate the factors responsible for their commencement and progression. The following research article has been presented at the 2nd international congress of the World Academy of Growth Factors and Stem Cells in Dentistry 25–27 October 2018.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"23 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45166673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motahare Amirizadeh, F. Sarvestani, F. Khorrami, O. Safa, P. Davoodian, Mehdi Hassaniazad, Boshra Akhlaghi, M. Fathalipour
Introduction: Although a long time past since COVID-19 was broken out, it is hard to determine which pharmacological combination regimen is more efficacious. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus interferon (IFN) beta-1a regimen compared to the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) regimen in moderately ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: A multiple-centre retrospective observational case-controlled study was performed between March and September 2020, including adults with confirmed COVID-19. The patients were categorised into age- and sex-matched two groups; LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a (n = 102) and HCQ (n = 298) regimens. Clinical outcomes and mortality rates were compared between the groups. Results: LPV/r plus interferon (INF) beta-1a regimen had improved none of the clinical outcomes and mortality rate compared to the HCQ regimen. The length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and the need for oxygen therapy were slightly worse in the LPV/r plus INF beta-1a regimen (4.73 ± 2.93 days, 63%) than in the HCQ group (3.74 ± 3.30 days, 48.3%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in care of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, LOS in ICU, the need for non-invasive ventilation and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation as well as in-hospital mortality rate. Conclusions: LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a regimen did not show any meaningful improvement in clinical outcomes or mortality compared to the HCQ regimen. Larger randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this combination further.
{"title":"Efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon beta compared to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: A retrospective observational study","authors":"Motahare Amirizadeh, F. Sarvestani, F. Khorrami, O. Safa, P. Davoodian, Mehdi Hassaniazad, Boshra Akhlaghi, M. Fathalipour","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_70_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although a long time past since COVID-19 was broken out, it is hard to determine which pharmacological combination regimen is more efficacious. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus interferon (IFN) beta-1a regimen compared to the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) regimen in moderately ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: A multiple-centre retrospective observational case-controlled study was performed between March and September 2020, including adults with confirmed COVID-19. The patients were categorised into age- and sex-matched two groups; LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a (n = 102) and HCQ (n = 298) regimens. Clinical outcomes and mortality rates were compared between the groups. Results: LPV/r plus interferon (INF) beta-1a regimen had improved none of the clinical outcomes and mortality rate compared to the HCQ regimen. The length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and the need for oxygen therapy were slightly worse in the LPV/r plus INF beta-1a regimen (4.73 ± 2.93 days, 63%) than in the HCQ group (3.74 ± 3.30 days, 48.3%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in care of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, LOS in ICU, the need for non-invasive ventilation and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation as well as in-hospital mortality rate. Conclusions: LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a regimen did not show any meaningful improvement in clinical outcomes or mortality compared to the HCQ regimen. Larger randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this combination further.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"107 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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